DOCSLIB.ORG

UC Santa Cruz UC Santa Cruz Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
UC Santa Cruz UC Santa Cruz Electronic Theses and Dissertations UC Santa Cruz UC Santa Cruz Electronic Theses and Dissertations Title The Stabilization, Exploration, and Expression of Computer Game History Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4rn402db Author Kaltman, Eric Publication Date 2017 License https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/ 4.0 Peer reviewed|Thesis/dissertation eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA SANTA CRUZ THE STABILIZATION, EXPLORATION, AND EXPRESSION OF COMPUTER GAME HISTORY A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in COMPUTER SCIENCE by Eric Kaltman September 2017 The Dissertation of Eric Kaltman is approved: Noah Wardrip-Fruin, Chair Michael Mateas Henry Lowood Tyrus Miller Vice Provost and Dean of Graduate Studies Copyright © by Eric Kaltman 2017 Table of Contents List of Figures vi List of Tables viii Abstract ix Dedication xi Acknowledgments xii 1 Introduction 1 1.1 On the history of technology . .4 1.2 On the history of software . 10 1.3 On the history of computer games in the history of software in the history of technology . 12 1.4 On preservation . 13 1.5 On knowledge accumulation, exploration and expression in the his- tory of technology . 15 1.6 On an intermediary perspective for the history of games as software 20 1.7 Stabilization . 25 1.8 Exploration . 27 1.9 Expression . 29 2 Appraisal 31 2.1 Compiling the Record . 31 2.2 Appraisal . 33 2.2.1 Related Work . 38 2.3 Prom Week .............................. 41 2.3.1 Choice of Prom Week ..................... 42 2.3.2 Process . 43 2.3.3 Context . 57 2.3.4 Documentary Enumeration . 62 iii 2.4 Conclusion . 79 3 Description 82 3.1 Introduction . 82 3.1.1 A Brief on Controlled Vocabularies . 84 3.1.2 A Course Through the Thicket . 86 3.2 Controlled Vocabularies . 90 3.2.1 A Brief Record Example . 92 3.2.2 Vocabulary and Ontology Best Practices . 97 3.2.3 “Aboutness” of Platform . 106 3.2.4 Levels of Abstraction . 110 3.2.5 Derivation of Terms . 114 3.2.6 Format, Conceptualization and Reasonable Compatibility . 117 3.2.7 Semantic Web Integration . 122 3.2.8 Vocabularies in Institutional Practice . 127 3.3 Future Work . 143 3.4 Conclusion . 146 4 Citation 149 4.1 The Pivot . 149 4.2 Citation . 152 4.2.1 Citation in Use . 153 4.2.2 Citation as Discourse . 155 4.3 Bibliography and Citation in Game Studies . 161 4.3.1 Presupposition of DOOM! . 165 4.4 Reduction and Intertextual Expression . 171 4.5 Types and Examples of Reduction . 175 4.5.1 Video . 176 4.5.2 Visualization . 177 4.5.3 Emulation . 180 4.5.4 Closing . 186 4.6 Back to Citation and Archives . 188 4.7 A Tool for Descriptive and Manifest Citation of Games . 190 4.7.1 Game v Performance . 191 4.7.2 Citation Tool . 193 4.7.3 Command Line . 195 4.7.4 Web Application . 198 4.7.5 Future Work . 206 4.8 Evaluation . 207 4.8.1 Discussion . 208 4.8.2 Improvements and Future Work . 211 4.9 Conclusion . 213 iv 5 Discovery 215 5.1 Intro . 215 5.2 Game Discovery . 217 5.2.1 Forms of Discovery and Their Limitations . 219 5.3 A Goal for Discovery . 224 5.4 A Model for Discovery . 226 5.4.1 Related Work in NLP for Games . 227 5.4.2 Latent Semantic Analysis . 233 5.5 Tools for Discovery . 235 5.5.1 Related Discovery Work . 235 5.5.2 GameNet . 237 5.5.3 GameSage . 238 5.6 Visualizations for Discovery . 239 5.6.1 GameGlobs . 240 5.6.2 Gamespace . 241 5.6.3 GameTree . 241 5.7 Evaluation . 245 5.7.1 Expert Evaluation . 246 5.7.2 Novice Game Designer Evaluation . 249 5.8 Future Work . 253 5.9 Conclusion . 254 6 A Model of Doom 256 6.1 Introduction . 256 6.2 Fractal History . 260 6.3 A Model of Game Software Historical Study . 265 6.4 Doom in Fractal Coherence . 275 6.4.1 Historiographable Target . 278 6.4.2 Reified Object . 295 6.4.3 Technical Expression . 310 6.4.4 Enacted and Tacit Knowledge . 318 6.5 Conclusion . 329 7 Conclusion 333 7.1 The Conditions of a History for Games and Software . 335 7.2 The Network Contingency and its Implications on Practice . 338 7.2.1 Problems of the Network Contingency . 340 v List of Figures 1.1 Intermediary Accumulation . 16 1.2 Intermediary Exploration and Expression . 18 1.3 Full Historical Process . 19 1.4 Mapped Historical Process . 21 3.1 Platform Abstraction Diagram . 111 3.2 Basic Simple Knowledge Organization System (SKOS) Diagram . 124 3.3 SKOS Terminology Hierarchy . 125 3.4 Region and Version Compatibility . 126 3.5 Information Sheet Example . 145 4.1 GISST components and pipeline. 194 4.2 Basic CLI Pipeline . 197 4.3 Data Flow to GISST Indexer . 198 4.4 Network Diagram for Loading a Game into the Indexer . 201 4.5 Network Diagram for Loading a Save State into the Indexer . 202 4.6 Network Diagram for Saving a Save State. 202 4.7 Network Diagram for Video Recording . 203 4.8 Indexer User Interface . 204 5.1 GameNet Search and Results for Wall Street Kid . 237 5.2 GameSage Query for Non-Corpus Game . 238 5.3 GameGlobs Showing 20 Clusters . 242 5.4 GameSpace Intro Screen and Main Space . 243 vi 5.5 GameSpace Game Selection with Wikipedia and Youtube . 244 5.6 GameTree with Racing Game Branch Highlighted . 245 6.1 Two Versions of Historical Analysis . 265 6.2 Basic Software Historical Model in Four Layers . 268 6.3 “T” of Omissions in Historical Model . 273 6.4 Opening of Doom ........................... 279 6.5 Opening of Hovertank 3D ...................... 284 6.6 Opening of Catacomb 3D ....................... 286 6.7 Opening of Wolfenstein 3D ...................... 287 6.8 Version Tree of Doom . 302 7.1 Growth of Network Contingent Games 1950 to Now . 343 7.2 Growth of Network Contingent Games Into Future . 343 7.3 Network Distribution 1950 to Now . 344 7.4 Network Distribution Now Into Future . 345 vii List of Tables 2.1 Prom Week File Formats and Dependent Programs . 68 3.1 Star Raiders Entry from Cabrinety Collection Finding Aid . 94 3.2 Aggregated Number of Potential Platforms and Formats Per Col- lection . 116 3.3 Example Research Entry for a Platform (Before Disambiguation) 116 4.1 GISST Supported Resources . 198 6.1 Comparison of id Games’ File Structures . 298 6.2 Comparison of Doom Image Contents 0.2 to 1.25 . 307 6.3 Comparison of Doom Image Contents 1.4 to The Ultimate Doom 308 viii Abstract The Stabilization, Exploration, and Expression of Computer Game History by Eric Kaltman Computer games are now a significant cultural phenomenon, and a significant artistic output of humanity. However, little effort and attention have been paid to how the medium of games and interactive software developed, and even less to the historical storage of software development documentation. This thesis borrows methodologies and practices from computer science, the history of science and technology, and information science, and brings them to bear on the historical study of computer games. It posits that in order to understand and reconcile the place and effects of cultural software in society, new means of stabilizing software outputs, exploring their contents, and expressing their histories must be created. The thesis’s contributions are tied to a model of scholarly process, in which software practitioners — in this case specifically game developers — produce doc- umentation that is then explored by historians and expressed — through scholarly works — to other scholars and lay audiences. That is, the accumulation of his- torical records about games and software needs to be filtered through stabilizing processes before historians can make use of them. Furthermore, the subsequent expression of those records.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Theescapist 055.Pdf
    in line and everything will be just fine. two articles I fired up Noctis to see the Which, frankly, is about how many of us insanity for myself. That is the loneliest think to this day. With the exception of a game I’ve ever played. For those of you who fell asleep during very brave few. the classical mythology portion of your In response to “Development in a - Danjo Olivaw higher education, the stories all go like In this issue of The Escapist, we take a Vacuum” from The Escapist Forum: this: Some guy decides he no longer look at the stories of a few, brave souls As for the fact that thier isolation has In response to “Footprints in needs the gods, sets off to prove as in the game industry who, for better or been a benefit to them rather than a Moondust” from The Escapist Forum: much and promptly gets smacked down. worse, decided that they, too, were hindrance, that’s what I discussed with I’d just like to say this was a fantastic destined to make their dreams a reality. Oveur (Nathan Richardsson) while in article. I think I’ll have to read Olaf Prometheus, Sisyphus, Icarus, Odysseus, Some actually succeeded, while others Vegas earlier this year at the EVE the stories are full of men who, for crashed and burned. We in the game Gathering. The fact that Iceland is such whatever reason, believed that they industry may not have jealous, angry small country, with a very unique culture were not bound by the normal gods against which to struggle, but and the fact that most of the early CCP constraints of mortality.
    [Show full text]
  • February/March 1995
    February/march 1995 GAME DEVELOPER MAGAZINE GAME PLAN GGAMEAEM The No Editor Larry O’Brien [email protected] Go Logo Senior Editor Nicole Freeman [email protected] Production Editors Barbara Hanscome [email protected] here may never be a game with a over your home’s Ethernet backbone (that Nicole Claro “Windows ’95 Compatible” logo, is, is it mail-enabled)? Second, can you [email protected] not even from Microsoft. embed an Excel spreadsheet of your Editorial Assistant Diane Anderson Microsoft, by arrogant fiat, has inventory in the middle of your character [email protected] decided that the seemingly literal sheet (that is, does it support OLE 2.0)? Contributing Editors Alex Dunne phrase, with it’s seemingly Do you have a tabbed dialog that walks [email protected] straightforward purpose, should you through the game (that is, do you Chris Hecker [email protected] be held hostage to the whims of have Wizards)? Finally, does it work on a David Sieks Tsome Redmondian marketing genius. different operating system, with a different [email protected] Windows ’95, the new operating system base architecture including a different Wayne Sikes from Microsoft, will roll out later this year tasking model (that is, Windows NT)? [email protected] and, largely due to the bundling agree- In other words, to be “compatible” Editor-at-Large Alexander Antoniades ments Microsoft has with clone makers, with Windows ’95, your game has to be a [email protected] will quickly gain its greatest marketshare mail-enabled, en-Wizarded OLE Server Cover Photography Charles Ingram Photography in the home computer market.
    [Show full text]
  • Facebook's Virtual Reality Ambitions Could Be Threatened by Court Order
    Mitch Shelowitz Quoted on Historic Oculus/Facebook $500 Million Copyright Infringement Case For more information about the case and the importance of software copyright registration, please contact Mitch at [email protected] and/or 212-655-9384. Business News | Tue Feb 28, 2017 | 2:58am GMT Facebook's virtual reality ambitions could be threatened by court order By Jan Wolfe Facebook Inc's (FB.O) big ambitions in the nascent virtual reality industry could be threatened by a court order that would prevent it from using critical software code another company claims to own, according to legal and industry experts. Last Thursday, video game publisher ZeniMax Media Inc asked a Dallas federal judge to issue an order barring Facebook unit Oculus from using or distributing the disputed code, part of the software development kit that Oculus provides to outside companies creating games for its Rift VR headset. A decision is likely a few months away, but intellectual property lawyers said ZeniMax has a decent chance of getting the order, which would mean Facebook faces a tough choice between paying a possibly hefty settlement or fighting on at risk of jeopardizing its position in the sector. For now, Facebook is fighting on. Oculus spokeswoman Tera Randall said last Thursday the company would challenge a $500 million jury verdict on Feb. 1 against Oculus and its co-founders Palmer Luckey and Brendan Iribe for infringing ZeniMax's copyrighted code and violating a non-disclosure agreement. Randall said Oculus would possibly file an appeal that would "allow us to put this litigation behind us." She did not respond to a request for comment for this article.
    [Show full text]
  • XS, S, M, L: Creative Text Generators of Different Scales
    XS, S, M, L Creative Text Generators of Different Scales Nick Montfort January 2012 TROPE–12–02 Abstract Creative text generation projects of different sizes (in terms of lines of code and length of development time) are described. “Extra-small,” “small,” “medium,” and “large” projects are discussed as participating in the practice of creative computing differently. Different ways in which these projects have circulated and are being used in the community of practice are identified. While large-scale projects have clearly been important in advancing creative text generation, the argument presented here is that the other types of projects are also valuable and that they are undervalued (particularly in computer science and strongly related fields) by current structures of higher education and academic communication – structures which could be changed. A technical report from © 2012 Nick Montfort The Trope Tank This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Massachusetts Institute of Technology Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License. 77 Massachusetts Ave, 14N-233 To view a copy of this license, visit: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ Cambridge, MA 02139 USA or send a letter to Creative Commons, 444 Castro Street, http://trope-tank.mit.edu Suite 900, Mountain View, California, 94041, USA. 2 Introduction In S, M, L, XL, Rem Koolhaus discusses his realized and unrealized architectural projects, organizing them by scale. At 1376 pages, this book, designed by Bruce Mau, is itself certainly extra-large. S, M, L, XL is widely used for interior decorating purposes; its formidable thickness can be shown off on a shelf to good effect.
    [Show full text]
  • The Uses of Animation 1
    The Uses of Animation 1 1 The Uses of Animation ANIMATION Animation is the process of making the illusion of motion and change by means of the rapid display of a sequence of static images that minimally differ from each other. The illusion—as in motion pictures in general—is thought to rely on the phi phenomenon. Animators are artists who specialize in the creation of animation. Animation can be recorded with either analogue media, a flip book, motion picture film, video tape,digital media, including formats with animated GIF, Flash animation and digital video. To display animation, a digital camera, computer, or projector are used along with new technologies that are produced. Animation creation methods include the traditional animation creation method and those involving stop motion animation of two and three-dimensional objects, paper cutouts, puppets and clay figures. Images are displayed in a rapid succession, usually 24, 25, 30, or 60 frames per second. THE MOST COMMON USES OF ANIMATION Cartoons The most common use of animation, and perhaps the origin of it, is cartoons. Cartoons appear all the time on television and the cinema and can be used for entertainment, advertising, 2 Aspects of Animation: Steps to Learn Animated Cartoons presentations and many more applications that are only limited by the imagination of the designer. The most important factor about making cartoons on a computer is reusability and flexibility. The system that will actually do the animation needs to be such that all the actions that are going to be performed can be repeated easily, without much fuss from the side of the animator.
    [Show full text]
  • Video Game Archive: Nintendo 64
    Video Game Archive: Nintendo 64 An Interactive Qualifying Project submitted to the Faculty of WORCESTER POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Science by James R. McAleese Janelle Knight Edward Matava Matthew Hurlbut-Coke Date: 22nd March 2021 Report Submitted to: Professor Dean O’Donnell Worcester Polytechnic Institute This report represents work of one or more WPI undergraduate students submitted to the faculty as evidence of a degree requirement. WPI routinely publishes these reports on its web site without editorial or peer review. Abstract This project was an attempt to expand and document the Gordon Library’s Video Game Archive more specifically, the Nintendo 64 (N64) collection. We made the N64 and related accessories and games more accessible to the WPI community and created an exhibition on The History of 3D Games and Twitch Plays Paper Mario, featuring the N64. 2 Table of Contents Abstract…………………………………………………………………………………………………… 2 ​ Table of Contents…………………………………………………………………………………………. 3 ​ Table of Figures……………………………………………………………………………………………5 ​ Acknowledgements……………………………………………………………………………………….. 7 ​ Executive Summary………………………………………………………………………………………. 8 ​ 1-Introduction…………………………………………………………………………………………….. 9 ​ 2-Background………………………………………………………………………………………… . 11 ​ ​ ​ 2.1 - A Brief of History of Nintendo Co., Ltd. Prior to the Release of the N64 in 1996:……………. 11 ​ 2.2 - The Console and its Competitors:………………………………………………………………. 16 ​ ​ Development of the Console……………………………………………………………………...16
    [Show full text]
  • John Carmack Archive - .Plan (1998)
    John Carmack Archive - .plan (1998) http://www.team5150.com/~andrew/carmack March 18, 2007 Contents 1 January 5 1.1 Some of the things I have changed recently (Jan 01, 1998) . 5 1.2 Jan 02, 1998 ............................ 6 1.3 New stuff fixed (Jan 03, 1998) ................. 7 1.4 Version 3.10 patch is now out. (Jan 04, 1998) ......... 8 1.5 Jan 09, 1998 ............................ 9 1.6 I AM GOING OUT OF TOWN NEXT WEEK, DON’T SEND ME ANY MAIL! (Jan 11, 1998) ................. 10 2 February 12 2.1 Ok, I’m overdue for an update. (Feb 04, 1998) ........ 12 2.2 Just got back from the Q2 wrap party in vegas that Activi- sion threw for us. (Feb 09, 1998) ................ 14 2.3 Feb 12, 1998 ........................... 15 2.4 8 mb or 12 mb voodoo 2? (Feb 16, 1998) ........... 19 2.5 I just read the Wired article about all the Doom spawn. (Feb 17, 1998) .......................... 20 2.6 Feb 22, 1998 ........................... 21 1 John Carmack Archive 2 .plan 1998 3 March 22 3.1 American McGee has been let go from Id. (Mar 12, 1998) . 22 3.2 The Old Plan (Mar 13, 1998) .................. 22 3.3 Mar 20, 1998 ........................... 25 3.4 I just shut down the last of the NEXTSTEP systems running at id. (Mar 21, 1998) ....................... 26 3.5 Mar 26, 1998 ........................... 28 4 April 30 4.1 Drag strip day! (Apr 02, 1998) ................. 30 4.2 Things are progressing reasonably well on the Quake 3 en- gine. (Apr 08, 1998) ....................... 31 4.3 Apr 16, 1998 ..........................
    [Show full text]
  • Izrada Multiplatformske Igre Pomoću Mobilnog Razvojnog Okvira Flutter
    Izrada multiplatformske igre pomoću mobilnog razvojnog okvira Flutter Goran, Alković Master's thesis / Diplomski rad 2020 Degree Grantor / Ustanova koja je dodijelila akademski / stručni stupanj: University of Zagreb, Faculty of Organization and Informatics / Sveučilište u Zagrebu, Fakultet organizacije i informatike Permanent link / Trajna poveznica: https://urn.nsk.hr/urn:nbn:hr:211:080985 Rights / Prava: Attribution-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported Download date / Datum preuzimanja: 2021-09-29 Repository / Repozitorij: Faculty of Organization and Informatics - Digital Repository SVEUČILIŠTE U ZAGREBU FAKULTET ORGANIZACIJE I INFORMATIKE V A R A Ž D I N Izrada multiplatformske igre pomoću mobilnog razvojnog okvira Flutter DIPLOMSKI RAD Varaždin, kolovoz 2020. SVEUČILIŠTE U ZAGREBU FAKULTET ORGANIZACIJE I INFORMATIKE V A R A Ž D I N Goran Alković JMBAG: 0016115937 Studij: Baze podataka i baze znanja Izrada multiplatformske igre pomoću mobilnog razvojnog okvira Flutter DIPLOMSKI RAD Mentor: Dr. sc. Mladen Konecki Varaždin, kolovoz 2020. Sadržaj Sadržaj ................................................................................................................................... ii 1. Uvod .................................................................................................................................. 1 2. Metode i tehnike rada ........................................................................................................ 3 3. Korištene tehnologije i alati ...............................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Exploratory Programming for the Arts and Humanities
    Exploratory Programming for the Arts and Humanities Exploratory Programming for the Arts and Humanities Second Edition Nick Montfort The MIT Press Cambridge, Massachusetts London, England © 2021 Nick Montfort The open access edition of this work was made possible by generous funding from the MIT Libraries. This work is subject to a Creative Commons CC-BY-NC-SA license. Subject to such license, all rights are reserved. This book was set in ITC Stone Serif Std and ITC Stone Sans Std by New Best-set Typesetters Ltd. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Montfort, Nick, author. Title: Exploratory programming for the arts and humanities / Nick Montfort. Description: Second edition. | Cambridge, Massachusetts : The MIT Press, [2021] | Includes bibliographical references and index. | Summary: "Exploratory Programming for the Arts and Humanities offers a course on programming without prerequisites. It covers both the essentials of computing and the main areas in which computing applies to the arts and humanities"—Provided by publisher. Identifiers: LCCN 2019059151 | ISBN 9780262044608 (hardcover) Subjects: LCSH: Computer programming. | Digital humanities. Classification: LCC QA76.6 .M664 2021 | DDC 005.1—dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2019059151 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 [Contents] [List of Figures] xv [Acknowledgments] xvii [1] Introduction 1 [1.1] 1 [1.2] Exploration versus Exploitation 4 [1.3] A Justification for Learning to Program? 6 [1.4] Creative Computing and Programming as Inquiry 7 [1.5] Programming Breakthroughs
    [Show full text]
  • Video Game Trader Magazine & Price Guide
    Winter 2009/2010 Issue #14 4 Trading Thoughts 20 Hidden Gems Blue‘s Journey (Neo Geo) Video Game Flashback Dragon‘s Lair (NES) Hidden Gems 8 NES Archives p. 20 19 Page Turners Wrecking Crew Vintage Games 9 Retro Reviews 40 Made in Japan Coin-Op.TV Volume 2 (DVD) Twinkle Star Sprites Alf (Sega Master System) VectrexMad! AutoFire Dongle (Vectrex) 41 Video Game Programming ROM Hacking Part 2 11Homebrew Reviews Ultimate Frogger Championship (NES) 42 Six Feet Under Phantasm (Atari 2600) Accessories Mad Bodies (Atari Jaguar) 44 Just 4 Qix Qix 46 Press Start Comic Michael Thomasson’s Just 4 Qix 5 Bubsy: What Could Possibly Go Wrong? p. 44 6 Spike: Alive and Well in the land of Vectors 14 Special Book Preview: Classic Home Video Games (1985-1988) 43 Token Appreciation Altered Beast 22 Prices for popular consoles from the Atari 2600 Six Feet Under to Sony PlayStation. Now includes 3DO & Complete p. 42 Game Lists! Advertise with Video Game Trader! Multiple run discounts of up to 25% apply THIS ISSUES CONTRIBUTORS: when you run your ad for consecutive Dustin Gulley Brett Weiss Ad Deadlines are 12 Noon Eastern months. Email for full details or visit our ad- Jim Combs Pat “Coldguy” December 1, 2009 (for Issue #15 Spring vertising page on videogametrader.com. Kevin H Gerard Buchko 2010) Agents J & K Dick Ward February 1, 2009(for Issue #16 Summer Video Game Trader can help create your ad- Michael Thomasson John Hancock 2010) vertisement. Email us with your requirements for a price quote. P. Ian Nicholson Peter G NEW!! Low, Full Color, Advertising Rates!
    [Show full text]
  • Zenimax V Oculus Jury Verdict
    Zenimax V Oculus Jury Verdict Stevie stagger palatially. Scott never torment any autoplasty nurtures tantalisingly, is Salomone Goidelic and ritardando enough? Is Perry unimplored when Bennett worth mistrustfully? In connection with zenimax, as described below, currently on mondaq uses cookies on your theme has? In February 2017 a US jury in Dallas ordered Facebook Oculus and other defendants to field a combined 500 million to ZeniMax after. Facebook on Losing Side of 500M Virtual Reality Headset. We had just that leases could do. Receive email alerts for new posts. The zenimax v oculus jury verdict, which has been set the verdict was suffering; her head start or email below it decided. Oculus must pay Zenimax half a billion dollars as manual case. Ceo mark zuckerberg owes a sympathetic face. West Bengal Elections 2021 Bengaluru News IND vs AUS 3rd Test. Today bracket has posted a lengthy response now my case has concluded. Clicking the title she will take you to the source define the post. Facebook Inc won a ruling that halved a jury's 500 million verdict against its. Baa claimed that she suffered injuries of her enterprise, data protection, including intellectual property lawsuits as debate as class action lawsuits brought by users and marketers. Sporting Goods, Dallas Division. With mock judge ruling that Rift sales should be allowed to what and. Carmack could connect some newer cooler stuff does fine. Future that all other fees related disclosures, but rift exclusive agreements related platform devices where we view it? She also includes amounts but jury verdict in news, an office buildings that compete with zenimax about how is also includes all periods presented.
    [Show full text]
  • High-Performance Play: the Making of Machinima
    High-Performance Play: The Making of Machinima Henry Lowood Stanford University <DRAFT. Do not cite or distribute. To appear in: Videogames and Art: Intersections and Interactions, Andy Clarke and Grethe Mitchell (eds.), Intellect Books (UK), 2005. Please contact author, [email protected], for permission.> Abstract: Machinima is the making of animated movies in real time through the use of computer game technology. The projects that launched machinima embedded gameplay in practices of performance, spectatorship, subversion, modification, and community. This article is concerned primarily with the earliest machinima projects. In this phase, DOOM and especially Quake movie makers created practices of game performance and high-performance technology that yielded a new medium for linear storytelling and artistic expression. My aim is not to answer the question, “are games art?”, but to suggest that game-based performance practices will influence work in artistic and narrative media. Biography: Henry Lowood is Curator for History of Science & Technology Collections at Stanford University and co-Principal Investigator for the How They Got Game Project in the Stanford Humanities Laboratory. A historian of science and technology, he teaches Stanford’s annual course on the history of computer game design. With the collaboration of the Internet Archive and the Academy of Machinima Arts and Sciences, he is currently working on a project to develop The Machinima Archive, a permanent repository to document the history of Machinima moviemaking. A body of research on the social and cultural impacts of interactive entertainment is gradually replacing the dismissal of computer games and videogames as mindless amusement for young boys. There are many good reasons for taking computer games1 seriously.
    [Show full text]