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Oversight of the National Nanotechnology Initiative and Priorities for the Future

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Oversight of the National Nanotechnology Initiative and Priorities for the Future OVERSIGHT OF THE NATIONAL NANOTECHNOLOGY INITIATIVE AND PRIORITIES FOR THE FUTURE HEARING BEFORE THE SUBCOMMITTEE ON RESEARCH AND SCIENCE EDUCATION COMMITTEE ON SCIENCE, SPACE, AND TECHNOLOGY HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ONE HUNDRED TWELFTH CONGRESS FIRST SESSION April 14, 2011 Serial No. 112–15 Printed for the use of the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology ( Available via the World Wide Web: http://science.house.gov U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 65–702PDF WASHINGTON : 2011 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Internet: bookstore.gpo.gov Phone: toll free (866) 512–1800; DC area (202) 512–1800 Fax: (202) 512–2104 Mail: Stop IDCC, Washington, DC 20402–0001 COMMITTEE ON SCIENCE, SPACE, AND TECHNOLOGY HON. RALPH M. HALL, Texas, Chair F. JAMES SENSENBRENNER, JR., EDDIE BERNICE JOHNSON, Texas Wisconsin JERRY F. COSTELLO, Illinois LAMAR S. SMITH, Texas LYNN C. WOOLSEY, California DANA ROHRABACHER, California ZOE LOFGREN, California ROSCOE G. BARTLETT, Maryland DAVID WU, Oregon FRANK D. LUCAS, Oklahoma BRAD MILLER, North Carolina JUDY BIGGERT, Illinois DANIEL LIPINSKI, Illinois W. TODD AKIN, Missouri GABRIELLE GIFFORDS, Arizona RANDY NEUGEBAUER, Texas DONNA F. EDWARDS, Maryland MICHAEL T. MCCAUL, Texas MARCIA L. FUDGE, Ohio PAUL C. BROUN, Georgia BEN R. LUJA´ N, New Mexico SANDY ADAMS, Florida PAUL D. TONKO, New York BENJAMIN QUAYLE, Arizona JERRY MCNERNEY, California CHARLES J. ‘‘CHUCK’’ FLEISCHMANN, JOHN P. SARBANES, Maryland Tennessee TERRI A. SEWELL, Alabama E. SCOTT RIGELL, Virginia FREDERICA S. WILSON, Florida STEVEN M. PALAZZO, Mississippi HANSEN CLARKE, Michigan MO BROOKS, Alabama ANDY HARRIS, Maryland RANDY HULTGREN, Illinois CHIP CRAVAACK, Minnesota LARRY BUCSHON, Indiana DAN BENISHEK, Michigan VACANCY SUBCOMMITTEE ON RESEARCH AND SCIENCE EDUCATION HON. MO BROOKS, Alabama, Chair ROSCOE G. BARTLETT, Maryland DANIEL LIPINSKI, Illinois BENJAMIN QUAYLE, Arizona HANSEN CLARKE, Michigan STEVEN M. PALAZZO, Mississippi PAUL D. TONKO, New York ANDY HARRIS, Maryland JOHN P. SARBANES, Maryland RANDY HULTGREN, Illinois TERRI A. SEWELL, Alabama LARRY BUCSHON, Indiana DAN BENISHEK, Michigan RALPH M. HALL, Texas EDDIE BERNICE JOHNSON, Texas (II) C O N T E N T S Thursday, April 14, 2011 Page Witness List ............................................................................................................. 2 Hearing Charter ...................................................................................................... 3 Opening Statements Statement by Representative Mo Brooks, Chairman, Subcommittee on Re- search and Science Education, Committee on Science, Space, and Tech- nology, U.S. House of Representatives ............................................................... Written Statement ............................................................................................ 17 Statement by Representative Daniel Lipinski, Ranking Minority Member, Subcommittee on Research and Science Education, Committee on Science, Space, and Technology, U.S. House of Representatives .................................... Written Statement ............................................................................................ 19 Witnesses: Dr. Clayton Teague, Director, National Nanotechnology Coordination Office (NNCO) Oral Statement ................................................................................................. 21 Written Statement ............................................................................................ 22 Dr. Jeffrey Welser, Director, Nanoelectronics Research Initiative, Semicon- ductor Research Corporation and Semiconductor Industry Alliance Oral Statement ................................................................................................. 30 Written Statement ............................................................................................ 32 Dr. Seth Rudnick, Chairman, Board of Directors, Liquidia Technologies Oral Statement ................................................................................................. 42 Written Statement ............................................................................................ 43 Dr. James Tour, Professor of Chemistry, Computer Science and Mechanical Engineering, and Materials Science, Rice University Oral Statement ................................................................................................. 47 Written Statement ............................................................................................ 48 Mr. William Moffitt, President and Chief Executive Officer, Nanosphere, Inc. Oral Statement ................................................................................................. 53 Written Statement ............................................................................................ 54 Appendix: Answers to Post-Hearing Questions Dr. Clayton Teague, Director, National Nanotechnology Coordination Office (NNCO) ................................................................................................................. 74 Dr. Jeffrey Welser, Director, Nanoelectronics Research Initiative, Semicon- ductor Research Corporation and Semiconductor Industry Alliance ............... 82 Dr. Seth Rudnick, Chairman, Board of Directors, Liquidia Technologies .......... 89 Dr. James Tour, Professor of Chemistry, Computer Science and Mechanical Engineering, and Materials Science, Rice University ....................................... 91 Mr. William Moffitt, President and Chief Executive Officer, Nanosphere, Inc. 100 (III) OVERSIGHT OF THE NATIONAL NANOTECHNOLOGY INITIATIVE AND PRIORITIES FOR THE FUTURE THURSDAY, APRIL 14, 2011 HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, SUBCOMMITTEE ON RESEARCH AND SCIENCE EDUCATION, COMMITTEE ON SCIENCE, SPACE, AND TECHNOLOGY, Washington, DC. The Subcommittee met, pursuant to call, at 2:02 p.m., in Room 2318 of the Rayburn House Office Building, Hon. Mo Brooks [Chairman of the Subcommittee] presiding. (1) 2 3 HEARING CHARTER COMMITTEE ON SCIENCE, SPACE, AND TECHNOLOGY SUBCOMMITTEE ON RESEARCH AND SCIENCE EDUCATION U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Nanotechnology: Oversight of the National Nanotechnology Initiative and Priorities for the Future THURSDAY, APRIL 14, 2011 2:00 P.M.–4:00 P.M. 2318 RAYBURN HOUSE OFFICE BUILDING Purpose On Thursday, April 14, 2011, the Subcommittee on Research and Science Edu- cation will hold a hearing to examine the National Nanotechnology Initiative (NNI) and address the Nation’s research and development priorities for the future. Wit- nesses include a representative from the NNI, as well as researchers and other nanotechnology experts. The hearing will provide background on the science and ap- plications of nanotechnology. Witnesses Dr. Clayton Teague, Director, National Nanotechnology Coordination Office (NNCO) Dr. Jeffrey Welser, Director, Nanoelectronics Research Initiative, Semiconductor Research Corporation and Semiconductor Industry Alliance Dr. Seth Rudnick, Chairman, Board of Directors, Liquidia Technologies Dr. James Tour, Professor of Chemistry, Computer Science and Mechanical En- gineering and Materials Science, Rice University Mr. William Moffitt, President and Chief Executive Officer, Nanosphere, Inc. Brief Overview • Nanotechnology is the understanding and control of matter at dimensions be- tween approximately 1 and 100 nanometers, where unique phenomena enable novel applications. (A nanometer is one-billionth of a meter. A sheet of paper is about 100,000 nanometers thick.) Unusual physical, chemical, and biologi- cal properties can emerge in materials at the nanoscale. These properties may differ in important ways from the properties of bulk materials and single atoms or molecules. 1 • In December 2003, the President signed the 21st Century National Nanotechnology Research and Development Act (P.L. 108–153). This Act pro- vided a statutory framework for the interagency National Nanotechnology Ini- tiative (NNI), authorized appropriations for nanotechnology research and de- velopment (R&D) activities through fiscal year 2008 (FY08), and enhanced the coordination and oversight of the program. The U.S. House of Representa- tives passed bills in both the 110th (H.R. 5940) and 111th (H.R. 554 and H.R. 5116) Congresses to amend and reauthorize the Act; however, the Senate did not act in either Congress. • Funding for the NNI has grown from $464 million in fiscal year 2001 (FY01) to $1.9 billion in FY 10; 15 agencies currently have nanotechnology R&D pro- 1 The National Nanotechnology Initiative Supplement to the President’s FY 2012 Budget, p. 3 4 grams. Through FY 11, Congress has appropriated approximately $14.2 bil- lion in nanoscale science, engineering, and technology, through the NNI. 2 • The President’s FY 12 budget request proposes a total of $2.1 billion for the NNI, more than a $200 million or 11.3 percent increase over the FY 10 en- acted levels 3. • It is estimated that in the U.S. the private sector investment in the research and development of nanotechnology is twice that of the public investment. 4 • Globally, the U.S. is the leader in this field but foreign investments in nanotechnology continue to increase. In 2009, the U.S. continued to lead glob- al public investments in nanotechnology at over $2.5 billion (Federal, state and local contributions). While Japan, France, China, South Korea, and Tai- wan grew their support, no other investment reached $1 billion. 5 • The very structure of materials can be improved through nanotechnology, by developing nanomaterials
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