In the United States 1936 1938

4FEDERAI, SECURITY AGENCY

PAut, N.McNurr, Administrator V. S. oFFICJ:OFEDNATION JOHN W. STUDEBAKER, Cimmissioner

BULLETIN 1940. No. 2

BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION IN THE UNITED STATES 1936 1938

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UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE

WASHINGTON:1942

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a A,40L U. S. OFFICEOF EDUCATION

Created March 2.1867 Madean office of the InteriorDepartmicatJuly 1. 1869 Transferred to theFederal SecurityAgency July 1, 1939

coMMISSIONERS

HENRY BARNARD, LI,. 1). March 14,1867, to March 1.,, 17o

JOHN EATON, Ph. D.,LL.n March 16, 1870,to August 5. 1886

NATHANIEL H.R. DAwsoN,L. H. D. \luguPtt6, 1886, toSeptember 3, 1M9

WILLiAmT. HARRIS, Ph. D.,LL. D. September 12. 1889,toJune0, 1906

ELMER ELLSWORTHBROWN, Ph. D.. LI,. D. July 1, 1906, to June30. 1911

PHILANDERPRIESTLFY CLAXTON,Litt. D., LL. I). July 8, 1911, toJunel, 1921

JoinNJAMES 'FIGERT. M. A.(Oxon), Ed. D., I.L.D. June 2. 1921, toAugust 31. 1928 I. WILLIAM JOHNCOOPER, Ed. D.,Litt. D., I,1r). February 11,19Z9, to July 10,1933

GEORGE F. ZOOK,Ph. D., LL.D., Litt. D.

July //, 19.13, to June30, 1934 a

JOHN W. STUDEBAKER,Li.. I. October 23, 1934 CONTENTS

CHAPTER 1.Statisticalsummary of education,1937-38. II. Statisticsof Stateschoolsystems, 1937-38. III. Statisticsof cityschoolsystems, 1937-38. IV. Statisticsof highereducation,1937-38. V. Statisticsof publichigh schooLs,1937-38. INDEX. BIENNIALSURVEY OFEDUCATION IN THEUNITEDSTATES

STATISTICALSUMMARY OFEDUCATION,193738

BULLETIN1940, NO. 2 CHAPTER I

Prepa'redby

EMERY M. FOSTER,Chief log Division of Statistics

...=wo

FEDERALSECURITY AGENCY PAUL V. McNull',Administrator

U. S.OFFICE OFEDUCATION JOHN W.STUDEBAKER, Commissioner UNITESTAT GOVERNMENTPRIN INGOFFICE WASHINGTON :1Q41

For sale by theSuperintendent ofDocuments,Washington, D.C. Price 10 cents

1. CHAPTER 1

STATISTICALSUMMARYOFEDUCATION, 1937-38' cif

IN THIS chapter ofthe BiennialSurvey ofgducation,1936-38. national statisticsaresummarizedfrouLthevarious otherchapters of the Survey, supplementedby latestfigurskore: mates available. The U. S. Officeof Educationis requiredylawto collectstatistics toshow the conditionandprogressofeducation.Statisticscanbe made available,on anational scale,to the extent thatschooladminis- trators, principals, and collegeofficialscooperateon avoluntarybasis with the Officeof Educationin makingthe factsavailable. To reduce thenumb(' ofrequests made forstatisticalreports, data tirecollectedfrom Statedepartmentsof educationoroffices ofsuper- intendents ofschoolswhereveravailable.When theamount of detailed datadesired isnot Available fromacentraloffice,orwhen the work of supplyingsuch detailfor eachschoolor systemismorethan the central officecould handle,a reportisrequested fromeach school. In orderto giveareasonablycompletepicture ofeducationin the I, United Statesunder itsdecentralizedsystem ofadministration, statisticsarecollectedperiodicallyby theU. S. Officeof Educationon a2-, 4-,or6-year cyclecovering266,117 schoolunits (table2) through reports made byindividualinstitutionsorschoolsystems.Even this doesnotcoverall formsof organizededucation inthe United States andsamplingsof citiesand collegesarealsonecessarythrougk annualrequests for certaincost and trendstudies. Thenumber ofunitsto whichreport formswere sent during the biennium1936-38are asfollows:

TABLE 1. Educationunits requestedto report, 1937-38(continentalUnited States)

Numberof TYpe Statesand the schools District ofColumbia______.______49 Cityschool systems ___ 2, 900 Countyschool systems administeringschools incities ... ___ 181 Public high schools______25, 467 Institutionsof highereducation ....01. 411,IND ...... 1, 773 Total _ 30, 370 I Statisticalwork dopeby RoseMarieSmith. .1 2 BIENNIAL SURVEYOF EDUCATION,1 936-38

TABLE 2.Numbtr of schoolscoveredby reports requested(continental United States) A.- -Ix 1937-38 Nu mberof Ty pe school., _ 221, 660 Public elementary______25, 467 Public secondary_ __ Public institutionsof higlwreducation 608 Private institutionsof highereducation I, 165 611 2-18, 900 Total__ __ MP. - B.IN PREVIOUSYEARS (Data included in1937 3S estimates)

-. ow 9, 992 Private elementary' _._ _ _m. MD .. m _ _ _ 3. 327 Private secondary I Public residentialschools for exceptional children 2 _ 295 Private residentialschools forexceptional children2 123 2, 099 Private commercialschools _ . 1, 3g1 Public and privateschools of nursing2

_ __ .111. m _ _ _ 17. 217 Total__

266,.117 Grand total. _

I Estimated; latest study made in1933.

31936data.

Types of schools fromwhichnoda taare'collected andwhichare not included in thenationalfigures,are:

Private vocationaland trade schools. Private schoolsof art, music,dancing, anddramatics(non-degree-granting), including individualinstruction. Private Bibleschools not granting theoloRicaldegrees. Private correspondenceschools.

TABLE 3. Total numberof schools of specified types,1937-3&

Other types for whichnumbers areavailable Universities, colleges, and Elementary High schools Residential schools . professional schools for the schools Private State, District of blind, deaf, com- Schools Columbia or feeble-minded, mer- of nurs- outlying part and delinquentI cial ing schools Private Public1 Private'PublicPrivate%PublicPrivate Public

1 1 4 a 7 le

28 4, 438 123 511 63 10 16 8 32 Alabama .. 4 Arbon& .672 15 85 15 5 3 10 62 603 30 12 14 4 1 25 8 Arkansas 4,812 30 8, 297 306 663 175 47 57 7 5 131 California 15 Colorado 2, 644 79 321 28 10 9 6 1 18 a 21 4 36 21 O. MP _ 184 134 ge Connecticut 996 7 206 24 41 10 2 1 3 5 Delaware 45 14 2, 451 65 396 47 4 10 6 Florida 63 15 Georgia 6,048 56 717 48 18 s 7 Idaho 1, 224 36 192 14 a a 4 12 STATISTICALSUMMARYOFEDUCATION 3 TABLE 3. 7-- Total number ofschools ofspecifiedtypes, 1937-38Continued

Othert ypes for whichnumbers are available Universities: Ekmentary IIh schools collev.rs. and schools prokssional Residential 1 State. I District of salt )01s schools fortht i C ol urn bia or hlind ,deaf, Privatei, eorn- 1 outlyingpart fechle-niinded, :%chools I of anddelinquentI uurs- llciieari- ing 1 i schools nobly, I i PublicI; Privatc'Public Private' Private PublicPrivat . . _ _I .

1 2 3 4 6 1 7 - Il i 11) 11

111inuN 12.1112 887 1, 050 158 16 6 114 108 Indiana 3.1s9 325 844 53 6 lov. 6 1 64 . 11. 642 325 1, 002 143 28 30 f; 3 31 Kansas 1 31 9.044 229 733 51 20 23 6 1 3g Kentucky,. 7, 476 452 ISMi 716 90 9 28 4 1 33 18 Louisiana._ _ 3, 426 179 464 I 8 13 ti ) . _ _ 14 Maine 2, 209 68 227 CPO 7 4 20 Maryland 1, 291 161 205 ti5 24 21 11 26 Masochuset ts . . 1, 207 411 424 157 28 15 54 1 1 410 M _ $I 79 icttigan 7, 810 416I +.63 149 44 6 4 62 31 Minnftta 8, 336 350 5,57 82 14 '23 M ississippi 4, MO 40 1 33 29 7(18 52 17 17 4 M issuuri. _ _ '27 30 10, 080 439 981 90 17 31.r1, 9' 3 65 :10 Montana ._ _- - 2, 84E3 38 203 16 5 6 10 Nebraska._- - _ 12 7, 154 266 754 51 8 16 6 1 20 14

Nevada._ 262 1 43 1 1 2 New Hampshire. 750 73 107 34 3 5 2 New Jersey . . 2, 075 338 253 113 .ri 19 11 9 75 48 New Mexico_ 1, 229 44 154 19 7 5 7 2 New York 10, 289 1, 085 1, l'59 311 18 87 12 26 242 115 NOrthCarolina . 4, ()58 53 933 57 13 :49 11 North Dakota 4, 576 53 52 37 520 23 9 4 Ohio . . . 15 16 4, 599 58.1 1, 268 155 57 9 Oklahoma. _ _ 5,704 97 71 67 852 no 2g 10 9 Oregon _ _ _ _ 39 14 2, 031 68 301 2s 5 15 5 22 9 Pennsylvania___.. 10, 623 871 1, 261 236 17 811 11 17 125 Rhode.Island. 131 378 95 '14 2 4 4 1 13 7 South Carolina. 3, 262 31 4119 30 28 ti 24 South Dakota . 4, 82(1 r,9 373 20 9 4 8 Tennessee. . 5, 797 16 566 5g 7 40 ti 1 46 21 fir Texas _ _ 1 . 11, 887 331 1, 724 93 38 53 12..... 119 Utah 411 I 50 11 145 4 4 - 8 6 Vermont...... 1, 2S9 25 s 95 '21 4 '2 5 Virginia . .__ _ 12 4, 596 72 1 613 75 111 Ti3 9 36 Washington._ _ 24 1, 957 119 I 351 44 7 15 5 48 24 West Virginia p. -. . 5, 335 47 361 1g 11 11 j 21 Wisconsin . 31 _ . 8, 053 M6. 509 no '39 23 ti 3 33 Wyoming . _ . 1, 405 7 29 112 3 1 3 3 1 District ofColum-

bia . . _ . . 147 56 27 35 U. S. Service 2 24 5 2 23 8 Schools ..... 3 TotalUnited States._ _ _ nt,No 9, M 211, 461 3, 327 6* 1. 165 . 265 123 2, NI 1,381 Outlyingparts of the UnitedStales

Alaska . . 160 21 Canal 1 Zone_- . . 14 o 4 1 (Juan] _ _ 111 ca 14 26 1 Hawaii . _ _ __ _ J 150 28 9 1 2 7 PhilippineIslands. 1CF, 711 115 51 3 5 2 2 PuertoRico _ _. 1, 790 23 1 20 1 2 1 Samoa . 24 . . . 26 Virgin - Islands Sti 3 ..... 1111 Mll IEstimated. 11936data. I yicludes28covnty normalschoolsnot included in1938. ,iry.4.1- BIENNIL:-1.10EY(0-El)t ("NI ii)N,1936 -3S C

TABLE 4.Number ofdegree-graruingprofessional schwts 1 in highereducationand degreesgranted, 1937-38(independentschcertls and partsof universities)

)egrees Number, Schools (cfinti.nerital1-nIted .tate of " h()015 1 Bache- Master's Doetr4 lor's

2 3

Arriculture ...... rio 3, Si1-1 40% 11, . - 541 th 497 . Architecture.. _ ..... 1:t4 10. 240 44 34 Commerce andbusiness . . a Dentistry 39 1. 7t 4.4 35 Education... 297 31. 90.5 7,..**25 2'7: Engineering (al)branches) 146 10. L77 1, 117 144 Fine arts :t; 376 29 1, 716 52 I. Forestry.. -1 lIome economics 02 ; 1, 511 21 C.14 16 ; Journalism _ ...... p. Law.. 141 7,'.w.9 415 .1; 19 746 45 : Library science. sh.i Medicine 7h ; 5, 444 I 219 ..... 104 1, 193 2NJ Music . .. .`,2 . 4C5 75 Nurmng ...... 6 l 435 Osteopathy...... 341 Pharmacy 65 I 1, 419 147 1, 349 ; 351 Theology. .... % eterinary med:cine 10 324 Of 138 3,724 415 1 i Other.. . _ 1,611 4,437 11, 371 ikS3 Total_ .

school work iswork in aprofeional field,presumably leading to aspecialized diplomaor IProfessional whether thestudent degree; it mayhe on either the graduate orthe undergraduatelevel. defending not upon has abaccalaureate degreebefore entering uponthe professional coursesbut uponwhether the baccalaureate degkeeinvolved study intheprofessional field I In SS!)different institutionsin continentalUnited States. The 98,661degrees%granted in 19'38 by 1,611professional schools anddepartmentsof universitiesincontinental UnitedStates (table 4) wereconferred by 585differentinstitutions,manyot.,which havemore thanoneprofessionalschool.In theoutlying partsof the United States 39professionalschools granted 1,236first degrees, 20master's degrees,and 1doCtor's degree. Changes inNumber ofSchools The 1936-38bienniumperiodwasmarked by thebeginning ofa decrease inthe numberof publichigh schools(table 5).Formany yearsthediscontinuanceof 1-roomand othersmall eleMentaryschools and theirreplacementby largerconsolidated schoolshas caused a elementaryschools. .continuingdecrease inthe numberof public The increasingenrollment inhighschools, however,has causedthe number ofhighschools toincreasesteadily.Evidently thetidehas nowbeenreached whenthediscontinuance ofsmall highschools is greaterthan theopening ofnewhigh schools.The decreaseof 9.923 in thenumber of 1-roomschools accountsfor he most partforthe decrease of 10,514in thenumber ofelementar-chools from1936 to 1938. AT1STICALSUMMARY 01EDUCAT10N

TABLE5..Numberof publichigh whdmil. .V1/rno.er of high Year publi( pctioolft 191S_ . 16. 300

1926 _ _ _ 21, 700 192S I.. ___ 22, Sl.r) ), 1930______23. 930 1932 I______24. 322 1934 21. 714 1936 1 _ _ 25, 652

.193S . _ .. , 25. 467

1:-: 1mated. =k TABLE6.-Number andpercent of I-teacher srhuol.i.I930-38 Est inidtel 1-teacherschool, numtwr Year ofptiblic ele niP t1 t ar y Nurnht.r Perevnt schools of total

1 3 4

:i3O...... ZU. 306 1 I 149.2S2 W.6 *...4'2.. 7 ... ?-32..V) : I143,390 61. 6 :;(4.______zit;236 : i139,166 ; 58. 9

'..)41i.,. :22.174 ! I 131. 101' 56. 5 :04 . ._ ...... '221.till+) 121.17s' 54. 7

nttcliStates Department of theIntl.rior, Office ofEducation. Ire the1teacher schoolspassing'By W. 11. tiatunnitt.(Pamphlet No.92.,p. 12. Enrollment,1937-38 Of the estimatedtofalpopulation of130,215,000 in theUnited States in 1938, therewere 30,378,278 (or about 1 in4 of the population) vnrolled in full-timeday schools.The distributionof thesestudents type ofschool underpublicorprivate controlis given in table7. Approximately73 percent of the totalwerein elementa.ryschools, 22 percent in secondaryschools, and5 percent in institutionsof higher education.About86percentwereininstitutionsunder public control. r; Oo *, - c,4 Cr1 CA) ft> S CY) BIENNIAL SURVEY `XO1.LI/J.1(1:1 174 715 240 751 574 649 250 lIS 261 20,4 278 1417 RAI 366 1436 m40 E171 984 874 44 871 07K 7(17 I. 7. to, 10. 15, 76, 72, 24. 32. 341, 31. 21,1489 M. M. _ _ 145. to IN, 747, 205, 340. t81. 37)4, g49, 04 343, _ 673. corlegus- I. Total 4, 1, 12, 30, 21, 6, le. 11. 0( . . 129 1M Ott no2 U1 837 475 24)4 495 222 :pri 9 6.P.3 843 ciea 013 0.'15 )043 mentri 3, 3. U. 16. 14, 4%. 72, 93, 9 21, I I 441. R43. 311, 453. 319. 771. 447, 471. Ng, I I I I ..... Total Female . 3, 6, 3, IL 14, le, depart 44/ii 127 1M7 123 710 199 7116 379 ,413 9140 itp4 599 634 SC1 716 015 1/96 3. fl ale 8 17. 1:1, r)1. 24. 34. 27, I I sessionxexclwled) 232, 7,2, 32A. 507, 0493. 437.1455 947, SS& 271. L I I I M 3. 6, 3, ..... 11. 10, 16, efemeiitary _ 771; acid In" r.18 713 R33 265 422 240 233 R44 413 M14 Oil 411 316 691 316 066 )42#1 g06 251 95S 1, 1. 1, 4, 4, 7, 3, 4, 9, 2, (summer 11, 7 25, 76. 37, 44n, 141, 479, ?U. 61.:1, 477. 479, I Total 4 2. 1, 3, 2, 4 neti4)4,1s" I -7. _ ezpomple . schools 197 l9I 171 571 415 51i3 466 431 070 *24 ieb2 892 0341 fA4 . I I I. 2, 5.4 7, 3, 19 I 4)4, I I I 101, 132. 703. 247. 254. 249. 267,134 day I I -tratining 4 Federal Female Private I, I, 1, 4 _ at , 120 124 144 210 t;3r) 8111 975 850 991 016 6,15 2161 790 679 8.49 . -7.7 I I Includes . 2, '2. 011. 4, 6, e 1937-38, 13. IR, 27,638 I I I at/hoots 199. 101, 131. DA, 776. 215, 400. 1 3 Male _ O I. 1, I. 4 _ private . 723 -1" 140 470 control, 483 817 713 744 9:11 815 281 211 300 941 960 258- 252 712 607 834 034 060 ... in 7, 4, 9, 6, 11 IN, 26, 25, 24, 42. 4 46. 137,648 r, . 141, 226. 551, 681, K26, 849, MI. 259, 607, 842, Total . . 8, S. 3,11E) . 12, 19, 19, *401. 28, 24. private natiinated. i and 211 071 042 580 837 58l K25 t944 S2:i 270 345 918 86.1 nss 027 116 and 2. 3, 3, 17. 13, 617, 23, 3 I I I 198, 193. 140. 341, 7048, 214, 294, 639, 300, _ I I Public Female 3. 6, 3, 1, 9, 13. Partially systems. 4 - public 152 731 Z.15 963 7M 779 fc00 552 902 980 V79 4M 225 446 to I. 4. 5, 2, 11. 49.750 1g, 28, 3 I I O 363 402. 507, 1U, 306, Mg, 2U, 032. Male. I I 3, 6, 3, 9, a le, 13, - publia-school data. _ in . . _ according Iii4e1 O...... a . _ 3 Junior _ I_ prepare- _ 1 student") ...... in undistrib- enrolled ling .... . - children elamitleati(m ..... 7 children blood) enrollments, . 3 grades data. children (ciclu . secondary (including 11)38 . 1033 private ...... (1931) Indian . . 4 college excrptIonal schools States children: arid exceptional Items)._ . exceptional for more . (excluding _ elementary and , . for schools . 1 kindergarten or colleges for . . ptitilie universities), United I . S in Schools ( academies) colleges of schooh schools and int., iirofessional exceptional . Sehool schools of . business and schools distributed part estimate(' for (including colleges and education 7. Indians schools" norni and (of owx in Indians figures: continental (not rrsidental schools by and . for systems schools residential in 411mitrililats41 . total ABLE residential schools elementaiy higher colleges, secondary items). total, MMIMIND departments grades in above bn (high "training in nursing additional in school colleges schools Feeble-minded Deaf. Delinquent commercial Blind uted of schools) students) ISOM Grand Grand Total, Total, Total, Resident& City Cannot DIstAbution 43. ' I 4 high tory Elementary Private Included Federal Preparatory kindergartens Elementary Elementary Universities, Kindergartens Schools Secondary Secondary Teachers Secondary lb STATISTICALSUMMARYOFEDUCATION SignificantTrendsinEnrollment The 22,042,902enrollmentsinpublicandprivateelementary schools in1937-38 iire 663,904fewer.thanthenumberenrolledin 1935-36. In theOteviousbienniumthedecreasewas approximately 494,000. There was a decrease ofapproximately1,546,000pupilsin elementary grades from1929-30to 1937-38(table8). The peak of public-schoolkindergartenenrollmentswasreached in 1930, when a most three-quartersofamillionpupilswere enrolled. From thatyear thenumberdeclineduntilin1934 therewerebut few morethan600,000 enrolled,or 8,000 less than10yearsbefore.Be- tween1934 and 1938 thenumberincreasedto 607.034.However,in 1930, therewereabout 289 childreninkindergartenforeach1,000 children 5yearsof agein thepopulation.In1938, therewere293 enrolled for each1,000 children5yearsofage.The lossinnumber -i5therefore clue to fewerchildrenofkindergartenige andnot toa smaller proportionattendingkindergarten., The effect of thedecreasingbirthrateonthenumberofchildren availablefor is education indicatedby theestimatesthattherewere approximately 235,000 fewerchildrenaged3 in1938 thanin1930, about 182,000 feweraged4, about434,000 feweraged5, andabout 330.000 feweraged 6 (table10).Whilethedecreasefrom1930to 1938 in the number of5-year-oldchildrenwas 434,000,or17.3percent, the decrease inkindergartenenrollment.wasbut116,000,or 16.1 percent. From1930 to 1934 therewere decreases inthe firstfourgrades (table 9)and from1934to 1938, in thefirstsevengrades. os In1937-38 the enrollmentin highschools(last4yearsof the'school system)was 6,747,674, anincreaseof311,971over 1935-36.The increase during theprecedingbienniumwas 339,000 andduringthe 8yearsfrom1929-30to 1937-38 itwas 1,948,000. Therewere 1,350,905 enrolledin highereducatioriin1937-38,an increaseof142,678 over 1935-36.Fortheepreviousbienniumthe increase was approximately153,000. Theincreasefrom1929-30to 1937-38wasonly 250,000 -andis lessthan theincreasefrom1933-34 to 1937-38 dueto the factthat. therewas a decrease inenrollments from1930to 1934.

10. 8 BIENNIAL SURVEY OFEDUCATION, 1936-38

TABLE 8.Kindergarten,elementary, commercial,secondary, normal school,andcollege enr-ollments,1890-1938

Schools 1 s'90 1900 1910 1920 .111MII

1 2 3

Kindergartens (public and private) . 1 31. 227 ?94 I 3401. 19 NO.SW, Putlic elementary schools and tinderrartens 12, 519. 51Q 14, %3, \.1.9 IA.svgs. NI 19.371\ Private elementary schools and kindergartens (largely 9:7 est imated). . 1, 661. Pg7 L 240.92.5 1. MS, 437 1, 4SS.Sri

Total elementary and kindergarten_ _ _ 14. 1s1. 41S 16. ??.4. 7s4 IS, 437, ttS 2$. 44.OA

Public high schools_ _ 2.93 519. 2.s1 915, 061 2 2. 199, X49 Private high schools H.931 110.797, 117. 400 3 213. lies') Preparatory schooL% (in colleges and universities) . 749 ; ,e41.2%.r) 0.042 "19 309 Secondary students in teacher-training institution.% . _ S. 170 9. .r70 , 12, s90 22,1k'

Total secondary. 237.1413 615 13 I. 111 113 T. 4,4.ITS Normal schools and teachers colleges (excluding5fC ondary students) . . . . . 34. s14 69. !WI SR, 561 135,412 Colleges, universities, and profewional schools(excluding preparatory students) 1 7.999 2M. 6.`,4 44i2. 44:

Total higher education 1S4. 7$4 237. Sr LW ?LS SE. SP Private commercial and business schools 78, 920 91. 549 ! 155, 244 32Z. 1F:

1930 1934 193A 191s

6 7 1

.. Kindergartens (public and private)...... ___.... 777. S99 6.-14.2s1 : A44. %.`,9 Fv44. 40 Public elementary schools and kindergartens _.. 21. 27S. `93 ;20.29. 7S9 20. 443. 449 19. 790.4) Private elementary schools and kindergartens (largely

. .. . . es timated) 2, 309. 886 2, 370. 697 ; Z3.357 2. 252 47i

1 Total elementary and kindergarten.._ _.. n. sss. 471rs, ?OS, 4863 ?2, 701. 84 1 22. M. IV

Public high schools 4, 399. 422 5, 6f 9. 1.`45 5. 974. M7 6, 22A, St14 Private high schools . _ _ . _ 341, 1.`1.$ 360. 092 387, 309 446. Preparatory schools (in colleges and universities) 47, 309 24. 703 29.051 12. g74 Secondary students in teacher-training institutions__ 11.97S 36, 798 34.071 30%

Total secondary 4. 791.MII' -c I,ON, 70 I. 42-4, NS I. 731. Normal schools and teachers colleges (excludingsec- ondary students) _ . . 176. 462 136, 184 145, 467 10.6.49 Colleges, universities, and professional schools (excluding preparatory students) 924. 275 919, 176 1. 062. 780

Total higher education L let 737 t.su,*s L tt7 LW. 011 Ptivate commercial and busInem schools...... 179, 756 1O2.. zs6 lc 102, 2s6 11 102.26f

I 1888. 3 1912. 1From State reports since 1920. Does not include 61,885 pupils in residential schoolsfor exceptional children. Does not include 63,545 pupils in midential schoolsfor exceptional children. 192S. ' Does not include 5,739 pupils in residential schoolsfor exceptional children. ' Does not include 10,715 pupils in residential schoolsfor exceptional children. 1929. II 1933. .111VIVALIS Ti TOLLSTLVIS 30o ISIOLLUICI3 ciD 6 . 34 57. 41 77 26 37 02 67 18 63 (12 43 43 1 31 174 144 173 125 MO 381 722 034 934 617 428 379 281 506 398 370 . 2 9 9. 6 7. 9 R. 9 8. 5 4 n 12. 48, 13 748, 173, 226, 317, 607, 444, 488, 252. 160, 402. 342. 772, 979, 379, 869, 1u3$ 3, 6, 2, 2, 2, 1, 1, 2, 2, 1, 2, I, 1, 19, 24,1175. I 32 13 50 47 64 08 36 55 32 74 (12 2K 103 23 02 23 3614 735 558 070 735 Rg3 wrg 580 710 096 047 726 571 404 487 . 2. U. 9. 7. K 5. 9. R. 9. 6 4 6. 13 12 59, 171. u:17 070, 177, 522, 423, nnet, 1(X), 484. 450. 107, 3,47. 2,46, 731, 974. 644, 314, 2. 2, 1, 6, 2, 3, 2. 2, 2. 1, 1, 1, 1, 24. 20, _ 30 48 70 57 39 23 14 KO 47 60 74 Z7 04 MS 5111 537 5K9 738 7A.3 325 741 470 991 072 987 969 409 469 725 8412 . 2 9. 9 7. 4 9 8. 9. I. 1327 4. 6. 13. 11 70, 19341 347. 181, 392, M7, 524, ont%, 530, 974, 49$1, 319. 432. 739. 249, 970, 819, 064. 5, 3, 2, 2, 2, 2, 1, 1, 2, 2, 1, 1, 1, 24. 20, UI ; 29 73 22 S3 73 55 27 73 60 24 COI 92 2.5 UK 044 71'9 264 .'041) I S47 491 216 553 6.59 875 760 549 392 295 om 922 . -1 2 5. 9 9. 3 8. 9. 6. 7 4. 8 9 19.2 13. 10 415,4)23 4114. 574, 184, 1421. 535, 504. 594. Am. f123. 4:13. 303. 730. No), 912 229. 034, 1935 5, 2, 2, 2, 1, 1, 3, 2, 2, 1, 1, 2, 1. 20, 2s 041 21 WI 88 73 51 66 27 Ws 57 r2 1513 02 1113 140 119 180 037 775 201 728 010 441 051 652 )415 254 026 375 321 . 2 9 9 7. 5. 3 g 9. 9. tissIfited 6 4. g S 14 54., 1911 434, 187, 765, 573, 631, 716, 1i69, 601, 612, 2101, 433, 720, g55, FAO. 005, 209, ti 5, 2, 1, 1, 2, 3, 2, 2, 1, 1, 2. 1, 1, 20. 211. lots! , 26 46 52 NI 1m 01 46 29 79 56 rAs 01 K9 :42 112 417 729 588 I 1(1)i 053 on! OM MA 793 002 317 9K2 5h0 967 931 . 2 5. 6 4 6 3 IC H 9 9 10 M 14 10 47, uu_ir 334. 119,472 404, 701, 950, MI, 137, R26, 44X. 2)42. 637, 649. 701, K16. 483, 93K, 1933 5, 2, 1, 2, 1, 1, 2, 3, 2. 2, I, 2, 211. 20, I hm.1% l 14 67 57 14 37 941 76 io K5 2/4 32 M 06 19(1 qt 420 441 524 378 0'21 403 563 Ogg 520 755 913 825 608 331 7st1 r41 . . 2 7 6 5 n 3 M.117 41 9 4 7 10 10 14 :16, 135, 140, 273. 776, 701. Mg, 277, 930. 462. 663, 052. 777 3147, 6)41. 871. 066. 5, 2. 1, 2, 2, 1, 1, 3. 2, 2, 2, 1, 21, 21, public us 74 74 M :is 73 32 M 32 grl 99 76 96 03 07 72t4 164 721 558 007 (46 140 527 881 2x0 758 421 OP4t 216 447 337 270 . 2 4. 6 7 9. 6 3. 3. R. 9. 10. 15. 10. 18, 207. 1174. 769, 7)49. 712. 504, 040, 422. 267. 11117, 641, 702. 2P411, 78, 973, 4, 2, 2, 1, 2, 2, 4. 1, 1, 2, 2,1111. 23. 21, grudeq. _ by 16 18 R2 92 M 28 79 24 90 33 61 42 393 414 1t4.5 229 422 VI/ 914 919 249 525 373 736 491 )121 889 , 2. 7. 6 4 A. 9. 3. 2.73 6 3 10. 16. 10. 10. HEM) 150, 11714. 27M 3W, 721,443 192, 256, 3/42, 599. T12, f402, MI, 700, 626, 029, 879, 2, 4, 1, 1, 2, 2, 4. 1, 2, 2, 2, u. 21, pupils uf 6 9 08 51 79 36 10 29 is 47 05 60 :Di x5 97 40 24 AO 505 351 67 727 97x 374 490 1116 x71 pea 2 1. 7 9 s 6 4 3 2 6 $ 16 Ii 10 10 4 686 19 ¶E2t9 1ss, 1 428, 273, 11x. ' 551, I'M 5951/463 615, 44)4, 661, 8Z1, 3 1, 1, 2. 2, 2.M1. 4. 2 1, 2, oribut 19 77 76 45 57 57 15 :12 91 67 03 M6 47 05 OH 279 MO 466 490 037 55/1 636 354 443 091 t)24 70ti 2. 5. 14 9 0 4. 8. 2. 3. 11, In 10 10 3 - 1Ir-N 171. 171, 268,417 911, 632, 695. 816, WO, 243, 43S. 021, 475, 045, 622, 7117, 4). 3, 1, 2, 1, 1, 2, 4, 2, 2, U, 21, 1 4 74 17 32 20 . 11 KO 61 97 91 83 MI 43 01 581 210 372 I 360 21N 21 615 K9i 33 564 229 030 798 040 . 2. 9. 8. 7. 5. 6. 4. 3. 2. In 10. 11 3 141ii.K 10 1211, INC 1v4.4 073, K1K, K34, 454 647 695, 539, 2244 450, 751, 606, 025, 974 19'2'7 2. 3, 1, 1. 1, 1, '2, 4, 2. 2, 2. U. 21. I " years. . _ _._ ...... school school school school other school _ school school school . . - ...... grade: high high high high ...... grade: from high high schools 1 high .. . high . L. . _ each . year ...... year year year enrollment each . year . year year In year in schools indergarten Estimated Total Kindergarten First Fifth Fourth Eight First Second Fourth Third Sixth Postgraduate First Fourth Seventh Second K Fifth Third First Second Eighth Third Sixth Seventh Fourth Postgraduate Second ' Third high elementary 011111 In In Number Percent 10 BIENNIAL SURVEY OFEDUCATION, 1936-38

TABLE 10.Population 3to 6 years of age'

Age Year 3 years 4 yes rs 5yea rs 6years

3 4 3 I-...-

193n . _ 000 2,181. 000 2, 505, 000 2, 51S,(01 1934 2.062.000 2,107,000 Z 2,50, 000 2,401,non 193A ... 2, 004,000 1,999,000 2, 071,000 2. 1h5,(00

I Ages 3 and 4 derived from number born and deathrates as published by the U. S. Bureauof the Census Ages 5 and 6 taken from figures prepared by ScrippsFoundation for Research in PoriulationPrnhIpm; Report of Educational Policies Commission. "The Effectof Population Changeson American Educntion,' p. 52;also published by the National Education Amociationin Research Bulletin. vol.XVI. No.1, Janu- ary 1938.

TABLE6 11.Pereeniage distribution of total enrollmentin kindergarten andfirst Mr', grades

Orade 192s)-30 1933-34 I 1937-34

1 2 3 4

Kindergarten R. 95 6. 29 6 cv.6 First . 39. R8 38, R7 37. V. Second _ 26. 92 27.52 28. (1A Third.. 2e). 25 27. 32 27.60

Total 1 Cot 01 IOC 60 100.N

Chan sin Enrollment and Population

Changes in dernentary school enrollments since1890aregiienin table 12.Thesecannotbe compared directlywith the population date forages5-13, inclusive, becausemanychildrenover13yearsof age areenrolled dueto retardation in the early elementarygrades. This numberaccountsfor the fact that thereare morechildren in elementary school grades thon therearechildren5-13yearsofage.

TABLE 12.Chanws in elementary enrollment and population,5to 13years,inclusive, 1890-1938

Fnrollment Population,5-13years, inclusive Year Percent of in Percent of in- Number crease over Number crease over 1890 1890

1 3 4 5

1890 14, 181,415 13,188548 1900 16, 224,784 14. 41 15,385,793 16. 66 1910 18, 457, 228 30. 15 17, 019, 650 29. OS 1920 20, 864, 488 47. 13 19, 992, 947 51. 59 1930 23, 588,479 66. 33 22,230,101 68.56 1938 I 22, 706,806 00. 12 I 21,711,000 M.62 1938 72, 042,902 55. 44 I21,049,000 59.00

I Does not include 63,545 pupils in residential schoolsfor exceptional children not included in previous years. sEstimated. 4 STATISTICALSUMMARY OFEDUCATION 11 Tknhi 13.Increasein secondaryenrollment andpopulation,1-1to 1 Ts, inclusive, 189()-1938

EnrollMent Population14-17years, inclusive Numberen- Year rolledper 100 popula-

Percent of , ; Percentof tion. 14-17 Number increaseover Number years. inclu- increaseover , 1890 I 1890 sive

1 2 3 4

I. .1.011- 1R90 357,813 5. 354,653 14)0 895. 903 54.49 6, 152. 231 7, 1910 ... _ 1, 111,393 14. 90 11 iv2i) 210.81 7, 220,298 - 2, 494,676 34.84 15 1930 597.20 1 7.735,841 4, 799.867 44 47 32 1, 241. I ig16 45 9. 311,221 1 6, 424, 74.45 51 968 1, 655.82 ; I9, 565, 000 193S . 78. 63 18, 738, g19 1,782.81 I 9, 67 740, WO 81 90 69

Does not include10,735 childreninresidentialschools vearN for exceptionalchildrennot includedin previous 3Estimated.

TABLE 14. Increasein college enrollmentandpopulation18to 21years, inclusive, 1890-1938

Enrollment/ Popinculstio 18-21years, incsive Numberen- Year rolledper 100 popula- . Perv4ntof Percentof tion18-21 Number incase ! Number increase years, inclu- I over 890 over 1890 sive

1 3 4 - -- 1 6

1 0%90 156, 756! 1900 .. . 5, 151,067 237,592 3 M. 57 5, 930.7&5 1910 ... 15 14 4 355, 215 126 80 7, 335,453 1920 . ". 597. 857 42.41 5 1930 281 39 7. 343,794 1, 100,737 42. 57 8 1938.. (2 20 9, 026.741 75.24 1, 208, 227 670. 77 12 1938 1 9, 885,000 87.63 1, 350, 905 761 13 68 19. 679.000 87. 00 14

IEstimated. NumberofGraduates Nodata Ora are collected bythe U.S.Office ofEducationonthe ofpupils number graduatedfromelementaryschools.However, indicatethat estimates 1,845,000pupils,or 81percent ofthoseenrolledin the eighthgrade(seventhin schoolsoperatingonthe11-gradeplan), were graduatedin1938 frompublicandprivate Mire elementaryschools. was an increaseof10.3percent inthenumberof pupilswho high-school wdegraduatedin1938overthenumbergraduated Theprevious in1936. bienniumhadshownan increase of11percent. 1;i millionpupils Almost were graduatedfromhighschoolin1938. Thenumberof graduatesreceivingthebaccalaureateorfirstpro- fessionaldegreein1938 was 14.6percentgreater thanin1936, increaseofalmost en 21,000graduates.Thiswasmore than 3 timesas greatasthe6,000or 4.4 percentincrease from1934to 1936.Figure1 12 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1936-38 shows the comparison oftilenumber graduated from high schoolsand colleges with the number ofpersonsaged 17 and 21, these beingcon- sideredasthe "graduating ages."

TABLB15. -school and college graduates, public and private, 1870-1938

High school College Year

I Men ! Women 7otal Men Women Total

1 2 3 7 4 6

1870 7, 014 6, fEtti 1 16.1100 7. 591 1. 7S0 9. 371 1871 7, 398i 9, 34 3 16. 741 9. 709 2, 352 12, 061 1872 7, 733 9, 750 17. 483 5, 987 1, 497 7, 484 1873 ...... 8, 083 10, 142 IS.225 S. 002 2, 063 10. 065 1874 8, 434 10, 532 18, 966 S, 267 2, 198 10, 465

1875 hs 784 10. 923 19. 707 8. 342 2. 2S5 10.6T 1876 9, 135 11. 313 20, 448 Ps.161 2, 302 10, 463 1877 9, 2:4 11, 439 20, 693 6, 703 1, 954 S. ti.S7 1878 9. h21 12, 118 21, 939 7. 422 2, 217 9, 639 1879 10, 366 12, 762 23, 128 7. 569 2, 325 9, su4

1880 10. 603 13, 029 2.3, 634 7, WA 2, 485 0. 153 1881. 11, 175 13, 779 24, 954 9. 130 2, 963 Z 093

1882 12. 134 i 15, 017 27, 151 9. 268 3, 089 2. 357 1883 12. 654 15, 694 28, 348 9, 402 3. 218 2. 631 1884 13. 802 17, 160 30, 962 7, 993 2, 808 0. SW

1885 14, 371 18, 0U7 32, 468 9, 288 3, 349 2. Ca7 1886 14, 502 IM. 495 32,997 8, 314 3, 075 11,389 1887... .. 13, 971 18, 17 5 32, 146 S, 568 3. 250 11,81 3. 821 1888 .... _ 14, 311 18, 990 33, 301 9. 824 3. 60 1889 16, 445 22, 071 38, 516 9, 744 3, 884 13. 628

1890 18, 549 2.5, 182 43, 731 10. 157 4, 149 4.301 1891 20, 051 28, 329 48, 380 10, 934 4. 575 5, 5040 1892...... _.._ 21, 467 31, 572 53, 039 10, 836 4, 644 S,4.s0 1893 24. 106 35, 072 59, 178 11. 957 5. 247 7. 204 1894 - ..... 26. 777 38, S43 65, 320 13, 900 6, 245 20,145

1895 29. 390 42, 629 72, 019 15, 674 6, 558 22,1112 1896..... 30. 799 45, 0146 75, 813 16. 336 6, 353 22. ea 1897 _ . 32. 363 47, 395 79, 758 16, 463 0, 823 23., 2146 1898 _ 34. 113 50, WO 84. 173 16. 075 7, 054 23, 129 1899 36, 105 53, 4Z3 89, faS 16, 571 7, 423 23, 994

1900 38. 075 56, 808 94, 883 17,2/20 A. 104 25, 324 1901 37, 446 59. 77 5 97. 221 17. 744 8. 740 26,4M 1902 38, 672 60. M5 99, 277 17. 777 8, 955 26, 732 1903 41, 261 63, 970 105, 231 18. 206 9, 379 27. 585 1904 _ _ ...... 44. 154 67. 582 111, 736 18, 276 9, 841 28. 117

1905 47, 185 72, 144 119, 329 19. 166 9. 874 N.040 1906 49, FOO 76, 000 125, 860 19. 607 9, 877 29. 484 1907 50, 928 76, 266 127, 194 19. 579 10, 086 29,665 1908 52. 120 76, 534 128, 654 20, 363 10, 726 31,089 1909 57. 492 84. 082 141, 574 22, 989 11, 845 34, 834

1910 63. 676 92, 753 156, 429 22, 557 11, 621 34, 178 1911...... 68 779 99, 139 167. 918 22. 220 12, 499 34.719 1912 74. 422 106, 152 180, 574 22,819 13, 986 36, 805 1913 82, 289 117, 494 199, 783 24. 954 14. 972 39, 976

1914 f. 90. 057 128, 727 218, 784 26. 274 15, 765 42 039

1915 99. 309 140, 4 19 239, 728 26. 704 15, 349 42, 053 1916 108, 137 151, 259 259. 396 28, 190 15, 515 43,705 1917 110, 114 162, 108 272,222 23. 874 16936, 1918 11. 772 173, 275 285. 047 19. 716 18, 199 37.4011981105 1919 117, 694 180, 482 298, 156 25, 218 17, 403 42, 621

1920 123, 684 187, 582 311. 266 31, 980 16, 642 48, 622 1921 136, 523 197, 610 334. 133 36, 350vo.- 18, 408 54,756 1922 149, 876 207, 124 357, 000 41, 306 20, 362 61, 1923 181. 239 244. 264 425, 503 47. 625 23, 824 71.450 1924 213, 442 280, 564 494, 006' 54, 908 V, 875 84 33

eft

9 STATISTICALSUMMARY01;EDUCATION 13 TBLE15. Iligh-schooland college graduates,NA&andprivate,187-1938Con.

nighschool College Year Men Women Total Men Women Total1 1 2 3 II 7

1,zr2.5 _ .. , ...... 229. 656 1 29*.0$12 ; v..r. 738 I 5,S. 19'26 346 31. 244 49. 590 246. 080 1 315,389 561,469 61. 936 . as. 020 96. 966 256, 131 , 312.931 579. 062 I 1 ti.:S 64. 785 1 39. 031 103, 816 .4 266. 315 ! 330.340 596. 655 19'29 67, 659 43. 502 111, 161 :N3, 277 348.501 631. 7714 70. 568 46, 117 116. fA5 1.930 Arlo376 366.528i 666, 904 73, 595 t &t.. 337, 489 48. 889 122. 484 409.459 746, 948 78. 2%14 1M2 . . 374. 51. 756 130. 040 729 451262 826, 991 S3. 271 1,. 3 402.871 54. 792 138. 063 46S.051 I 870, 922 ; _ _ 83. 313 54. 641 1934 .... 431. 860 482.993 137. 954 914. R.S3 83, 354 M. 491 137, M5

1 is't5 _ 45,S, 738 506.361 965, 099 $44. 992 :936 I. 485. 616 55, 911 140, 903 529.729 ; 1, 015. 345 86, 629 i 1437... 504.873 57, 332 143, 961 562,839 ! 1.067. 712 1Y38 92, 154 6Z 298 154, 452 524. 129 595,950 i 1. 120. 079 97. 678 I 67. 2M 164. 843

\umber ofcollegegraduatesrevisedsinceoriginal Muni publicationof thesedata inStatistics ofHigherEdu-

In 1870graduation from highschoolwas rare(see figure1). The numbergraduated fromhighschool(assumedto be aged17) Wasonly 2out of each 100 of thetotalpopulationaged17.By1910 this ratio badincreased to 9out of 100.By1938 it hadincreasedto 46 out of 100. At thisrate, theaverage amount ofeducationbeing givenat present by thepublic-schoolsystem isapproximatelygradu- ation from high school.In10yearstheaverage amount ofeducation has increasedby about3yearsperstudent. Forgraduationfromcollege, figure1 showsthat in18701out of each100 of college-graduatingage (assumedto be 21years)was graduatedfromcollege thatyear.Notuntil1910were2personsof thisagebeinggraduated.In1938 thisbadincreasedto 7 of each 100 ofage21. In1870 ifapupil were graduated fromhighschooltherewere2 chancesin3 thathe wouldcontinueand begraduatedfromcollege, forthatwastheprimarypurposeforwhichhewent to college. 1938 the In chanceswereonlyabout1 in 7 thatahigh-school would graduate continuehiseductitionthroughcollegefor,among other things,the high-schoolcoursehadceasedto be chieflypreparation forcollege.

smmei,

alb 14 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION,1 9361-38 10

Mar 07 POPULATION OPGUMMINGk3r.13

11. gRADUATED MON ME =OM 14ID OOLLEGX 1870-1938 Percent

- T 50 I I- I 1 , I ! 1 1 , 1 .

i, 1 . ,

i , 45-,-- I .1 _ High School-Percent of age 17 ...... ciouege i -rercent orage21 1 i

I i i

1 I . , 4 0 1 , . ! : .. ; I , , ! i 1

Il , !

, ,1 + . . 35 I1 ; , I . I , 1 1 1 I . . 1 I i I , . I . . , I . . . . r, 30 . . 1 .

. . .

I . ; I i

1 f I i . IA

4 I I

25 , I .

i I

i 1 I I i I t . i I 20

i 15 , 1

1 ;

1 II . I i I 1

1 I 10 t ; . 1 I

g I 1 1 4041 0P 4. jr.e.40.4P e 5 Ie40 . . 1.0°P % ,i , 1 111. 411. 4110 II. \ IMP IIMP IMP4 Pmlimp Ma dowND so ... owgo IIND . . . . o -41 - I 1870 1680 1890 1900 1jrN- 1920 1930 19 411111

4FIGURE 1.

C STATISTICAL SUMMARYOFEDUCATION 15 I4111 F16. Number ofpersons graduatedfrom highschool.per 100persons. 17year.of age, 1870to 1938

41.

Number . Numberof Number Year aaduated persons 1 grad uat from high years of age per100pop- school (U. S. ulat'op, 1 Census) 'years of age

3 4

. I., 16. OW Vki 15,000 I. 96 1;34 a',41 949, 026 2. 49 Ai 43. 74; 1. 259, 177 3. 47 94.rIbI.1 4,. .. 1.4S9, 14 6. 37 1.Vs. 429 :12f, I. 7S6.240 %. 76 . . Alf! 311.2N66 1, SM.,173 16. titift. 944 78 41i .... Z M. 822 29 11.5 1.120. 079 ! 2.4!04. OOP 45 57

Er angled.

TOLE 1 . Numberof persons graduatedfromcollege.per 100pf,rsonts. 21 1870w 1938 Years ofage.

. i Numberof ; Number Year Number 1 persons 21 'griduated, graduated 1 years ofare 1 per 100pop- from collegeI ( U. S. 1 illation, 21 Census) i years ofage

.- 3 4 . - 9. 371 ;X% (ILK) 29 141 10. 3.53 90%. 964 I 04 4(1 14.34)6 1. 246.S76I I.15 4ri - 25, 324 1, 42C. fs49 I 77 f .:43% 34. 178 i 1. 7x9.404 91 48. 622 . 1.821,712 2.67 :4 122. 4S4 2. 211.(131 .S,r4 )64. V4:1 .2. 40.r. 1100 . cn

Baccalaureate andfirstprofessionaldegrees Eqlmated. only. Teachers Therewerebut22,147 more teachersin1937-3S thanin1935-36 table1S), compared withan increase of54,504from1933-34 1935-36 which to was mainly dueto nothiringnew teacherswhenthey were needed.Decreasesin elementaryschoolenrollmentsarere- flecleditn thedecreaseof 7,701elementaryteachemin thelastbien- nium. Thisfollowed a decrease ofonly1,235 inthepreviousbien- niumandof35,856 duringthedepressionyears. The 18,608 increaseof in high-schoolteachers(includingjuniorhigh)in the biennium 1936-38 followedan increase of44,868 intheprevious anda decrease of biennium, 8,468 duringthedepressionperiod.Thisshowsthe slowingupof therate of increaseinnumberofteachersin thehigh- schoolfieldas we approachthepointwheremore than two-thirds ofthepopulationof high-schoolageare enrolledinschool.The increaseinpublic high-schoolstudents(includingjuniorhighschools) 112&161?-41-3 id '14 DTI 0'1 rri rl Cr) *NOILVJ.1(13 Ill IN) 139 173 798 793 47:1 -731 566 96-1 anI mil1 3.23) 1. 3. 5, 10.1Si 14 97, 27, 67, 6 7 14 591, 2s2. 693. & 6 3 Total 1 - 1, I college!:. collcges, 767 731 712 2()2 346 ro 767 67.1 So7 !OS )4411 )126 6 1. 1, 1$ 4, 5, 17, 1938 25, ri2. 7 & o 166, 525, Sit & 3 Women I 1.v') 148 164 197 591 450 399 373 264 296 293 !SIS universities. universities, I. 1, 1, 12 II 4, 4, in 10, in 69. 72, $ Men 7 116. III ¡St. 3 I I 6 740 218 542 5 767 522 497 3.1.1 373 673 V.6 se)0 Airttes. 6 11 5. 4, 15, 22, 62, 5 7 (Iiiplicite!4. 15s. dui 806. 533. 3 3 Women I 1936 unen. 191 12) 464 4o7 504 shi 379 000 961 :WO Kg?. 911 6 wf women, 1, 1, le 3. 2, 3, 9, 69, 64. Men 3 I 109. 264, $ I 502 817 I o and rind 101 . 132 211 60 718 571 6:)2 5titi 2:)1 467 631 .0$4) 4 11 1. 1, 7, 6. 1:1, 14. . 60. s e - 138,774 573. S20, men men 3 2 women - 1930 t - 1900-1938 0 1,000 - 1,s32 157 735 1101 447 466 r)r) 315 S63 578 Z39 532 562 aso -* 8 I, 1. 1, - 1, 5, S, 15, - 39. 74, 67, i 2 2 Men - 217, I - 1936. 1918. 1927. 112 include i scholils. for schwas. periods, for for 161 19 222 744 WA 410 312 717 Zi9 572 977 248 sol 652 0'22 958 6 not not 1, 1, 2, 5, 3. 6, 9. 10, 38. 69. 513, 463, for >oes Women 1 Figures Does !I Figures Figures " he Il 11 1920 1 0 0 professional profession:II 165 141 714 322 698 603 9( 597 215 024 9s2 976 , 6 1, 5, 2, 2, 6, 2 10. 21. 32.386 63. Men II teachers 131, 1 11 of critic 34 122 4.-43 777 741 230 597 352 572 200 611 9S2 000 1, 1. 2, 2, 3, 3, 8, 6, ..... and 22. 29 . 389, 471. Women 1910 134 171 890 512 807 2)1,5 692 503 736 702 500 591 (L51 571 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 5, 4, 2. 14. 18. 13, 91, Men 1514. 8.Distribution departments. i 110 01. 150 274 200 768 601 847 665 699 793 842 650 149 LE -4111. 3 1, 1, 1, 1, Is 2, 5, 7, 19, 10. . 286, 231, Women TiB cii111.iate 1900 172 189 275 599 413 416 648 9s7 277 068 792 S13 3:4) 999 and 1, 1, 1, 1, Z 6, 4, 8, 8, 10. Men 116, 161, I . . _ . _ _ _ _ schook. . AID noneollibeiate education. high schools: ingurnis...... (estimated) ab schools higher undistributed del . between AD trip junior of normal and in 1 schools schools . schools and business _ collrges: departments_ . departments. _ 1933. 1929. 1928. departments _ Teachers Including _ schools duplicates and and schools teachers schools Alaskan for Institutions for for defectives departments colleges In higb items_ for elementary and high elementary Total, Public Private Collegiate Other Preparatory Public Private Figures Figures Figures Estimated. Professional Includes Includes I 7 I 3 4 s * Professional Univenities Public Private Commercial Public Private Schools Indian Kindergartens: teachers Teachers STATISTICALSUMMARYOFEDUCATION 17 from 1933-34 to 1937-38was 13.2percent and theincreasein public high-schoolteachers inthit;same 4-year_periodwas in the 19.8percent. However, previous4years there hadbeena25.8percent increasein studentsand onlya6.8percent in teachers.In higher education'thenumberof teachersincreased11,350,or11.6percent, and the numberofstudents,142,678,or 11.8 percent.,duringthe 1936 -38 biennium. One-fourth ofallteachersare men. Thepercentage ofmale teachers continuesto increaseastheproportionofteachemin high schools andcollegesincreases.In1937-38,25.77percent of all teacheNwere men; in 1935-36, 24.84percent;and in1929-30, only 20.93 percent.

PublicElementaryandSecondarySchoolSystems, HistoricalSummary

From thereports to this OfficebyStatedepartmentsofeducation and the District of Columbia,dataare presented bydecadessince 1870 and for1934,1936, and1938 (table19). Thehigh-schooldata arefor the last4yearsof theschoolsystem only, inorderto beon a comparable basisfor theentireperiod.Thistablegivesabird's-eye view of thegrowth ofpublicelementaryandsecondaryschools. zr, t- Sm.& Ck CPO 'OIIV3.1(13 CaJ Nil) 10.1 1W 10s lU 21E 391 111 9:17 402 9.14 000 I 211 417 MI '121 90.1 021 641 1m.P,, 7)411. 2621t. 2924, M15, 192. 1.);;.ss. 377. t)75. 110,1134 711. 1477, 0:4, 0014. Kr.:1. 2;42, 400.1. 96j. 11 Mt". I;. '..:!. Z.r), 30. 73, 1:14). - 11:, M77, $21,1129, 493. 2144, it:12. Tn. :10% 6S1, 23.1, I, 1, 3, 2. z. t.7. ; I i . _ _ 67 7 17:i' .r137 1113, 741 20M, our) 1es, ir.ss 073, ,41;, 1413 71A toot; ).04. 719 4161 - - , - 121. 179, 401. -129. *.ter7 '2914. 691.1%941. 974 013. ?is. P470, 37o, '274t, :121,4:71 772, 4-92. hti:1. . mos. 144 . 1 1, 5, 31,61%4.11'ml *.."2, 20, 61, L.N. 171, 181, Tt h:7, .°)rl.t) $. 330, lilt), 971. Inv. .. 1. 1, 3 1. I, $ i 1 : i 1.43 1:0; 190 171 Um! 719 21w, .iI 919 000 71r 724 871 (1711 0931 T21 OW i U 12!. 161. i :iv!. 431. 4.'kx 771. 12:1, NO. 241 11K), 033. 27n. 103, 1447. 711:), %WS. !As). 662. 'fi , . , *Z2. 32, 241, rau. (W, r2e,. 103, '4;3, f.24. $.:; 317. lir2, 5.r37 720. hie. - 1, 3. 1, s. 1. it. 19311 ... . , 1 I - 7 12 III' toqi 32 2%9 01,11 01.' 005 2113! 1;:.1 517 424, 3.') 010 434 94;9 3841 V911 0137. I I 0;, lii 10 141.771. 71;.',. 712, 571. 3 P434, 510, 312, 217 ro47. s7. 21)1. 7 7110. 010, 1,4 434. 11.1.tt 4.1,19, )*, 21. :1!. KA, 122. 672, 21i. $27, 370. 64'1. 324,4. Zen. II:141, 316, 11004. 1. :1, 1, 2. fil. . i v4(teris. ,i 151 124) 7m.,. 3111 :011) 035. $331 41."4 elh, 319 r1'11 ;7,3. 57X 779 Xt.44;'. 0981 S.'12 M412. , 9"). 150 161, roct, 710.1;211 72m, r)7X. AM). 719. 271. 1241. M941. 20:i. III. $12, MA, 27m. 542. 404, 911N, 7 , 19'20 2, school 7 PI, 21, 27, 105, . Itps.i. 134. 153. 615, 7!1M. VA, 211i), 67 813, , 1.134. $2. : 4011 21 34,71 170 729 474 ,titt %:2 7411 512 V 555 Pi94 .sx2 h.54) 371) 434: '637 . secondary 110, 23914 1441, 412. 427. 4779116.91:1 141:).41;1 2-'..".. S13, 123. 221, U96, NH. (w. NIL 978, :154, 915, MI. 11 3 1910 6 12, 17. 24, 91.1172. 42, 64, (n, 102, 011, $14, :112. 0111. 433, 253, 426. and 2, $1. 1 110 474 130 1',3:1, Smo4 772 515 :122 VI) 27s4 217 274 in- 740 845 M20 748, 11521 61N 128, ;. 404, 2111, 152, 501, 519. $12, 24S. 632, Nil!. 4s8, 423, (mu, 241), 764.11049 450, MO, M28, 887, kW 1 3 10, 15, - 75. 1, Su, 37, 2:1. 35, 41, 149: '414, ekrnntary 137, 2111, 314,1164, $.'),50, = - 1, . 72:): 52.5 397 250 201 631 963' ft:15. M 190 526 791 7n5 426 323 2V2 86 484 041 711 public 153, 125, 722. 232, 23M, 4 543. 21r2, 224, 622. 164, Ml, 744, 222. $83, 345 /042, 207, 463, 838, 196. - IMIA) 3 M, the 1M, 12, 11, 62, $7, u7, 26, 26, 22, 91, 098, 143, us. $342. II _ 1431 122 714 767, 7271 970,1, 3145, 7404 7,0 71,4 972 647 ommEN, mom 3 155, 144, 122, 183, 110, 178, 719, MC, ons, 571, 281,113 942, C - 1KM4) 1 6, ..... 9, 1s, AO, 73, MO, summary $M, $209, 423 371 277 347 443 522 529 WM 312 _ ¿1i (X)M St6 666 - .111.-. 77, NO, .10 122, 116, 5514, 055, 871, 077, :1K3, 2N, 3 882, 3$6. 3 4, 8, 12, a. :ts 63, or Statistical 539,053, $37, $130, a . . .. . all 19.- . and ve) . by super- appro- I. schools libraries. . teachers funds and duOlicates) (Inlusi TABLE . high . . and 11(1160ga attended age taxes .. statistics of furniture, appropriations . property public days ltezzi 1 from, . local (excluding in permanent and of superintendents, attendance years Oenercg for purposes sources principals, of - teachers and ol school Financial schoolhouses I. apparatus. taxes buildings, 5-17 receipts IL of daily all teachers other other enrolled enrolled number of population lades priations lands Total Total and visors, Total teachers Codiay Income State AU Matt B. All pupils Pupils Average Pupils Total Children Men Total Number Revenue Women Value Expenditures rlY3I1SI1vIS' AllvIVKAS NOUVJ.1(13 cl;) 4 1 g 0 9 9 1 1 i0 5 3 7 7 4 3 I. 70 1 374 3. lV 7 LI 44. KA. 21. 10 2S 67. TA. 341. 173. ri 149.3 125. 7 $1, evi $17 UN. includes when then 4 7 n 6 (1* 0 ni nt 1 2 7 11 , 33i D13! 951 121 i 3 ot 20 s3 22. '21 X4. 21/ .N ti7. 31 173 4141 t4(U1 122 schools Minos 7 $1, $15. P47 4 6 1.1 0 1 0 11 g 0 2 2; M. positions; SI 4I 2 41 4 54 22 1 227 3, 3 C1 211 21 xi X5 19 ountinuation 22 7'' 41 32. 04. 171 11. $1, $13. $76 unit 457 teaching of I. 3 7. Ij 71 31 fi I. 3. 1 s' s II U. 1 g7! i'21) I tt 4 17 211 10 4.2 plirt-tigtio 16 .0.r). 2S. 17'). 17h 412 143.(I1 1 $1. $1)4 nuinlicr $14N Mild Iron wet% 1 11 '2: 91 rn 3' 71 2 3 u b%41, 2. 5, s 14. 11.M 9-1. $8711 t!1 7s. isurc. 161 1'21 sii Wry oomputeil gm ever&Ing, lir/O, 1 1 4 1, 5 1; and' 21 s! 9. 8 41 1 frig 37 2 4: 23 113 5, to 3. 9 2t 72. 14 21. $4)451 10_ 72 ryi) 1V, 157. 21 73.49 $1 $33 lolls tepurted. ot.elvtichttl ylwipals a. lIrl' !'s. I I :t 3 2' ' nisi) rutely 5 :11 14 xi 21 3. 4 ..". 41P4. 17 71_ '29 t125 lu 211 72.43 1"44. $2 $.lt)S 0 0 ) I', 4. 4. 3 1. Is: 32 10: .r) M. ..1",1 !III ls 3-4 $2.Y2 IX. 117.11, n5 tip I 11 1 3; 3' SI 0 7 417, 1, 51; 71' . 41 9 412 gi. !3 42 $19.'d III 71 134/ $1 61'2 31 s': 2: 31 7 2 4 7' 7 h :al s 1. f) .11 7 50 7W. 41 3X $1x9! 1 1 MY H 132. . a $4166,r) ;iØ 1 . average. . Massachusutt, by by tlwreon . age for . . _ total . . in . . . of . _ this popu- . to schools _ of . . . . average day . _ schools. in of _ . teachers attending . . is (inclusive) in . enrolled the Wks from- per years attended attended all estimates . lands high school teachers 1 _ age , alai of or devoted 17 . capita . . (eents) of pupil . days and Lazes. . 5 . included dayi days enrolled . high etc . . _ derived public per of per . of of in uot . years population population load of reports salaries teachers funds part-time _ . Peril-00(111f . expenditure enrolled sources purposes enrolled 5-17 attending children . and 231 children total pupils men revenue expenditures States session buildings, taxes number school number number of of 111. reports of annual total of Census of of of in other other day pupil 1871. child pupil expenditure s. expenditure Permanent County All State Sites. All Salaries Fur From tf. Includes population Several (inclusive) were each each each lation attendance I #- 3 each 4 3 a Percent Percent Percent Percent Percent Average Average Average Percent Percent Average Percent Total Total Average 20 BIENNIAL SURVEY OFEDUCATION, 1936-38

The trend of decreasing enrollmentsaffectedgrades 1to 3 firstin' 1926, grades 4 to 6 in 1928, but it took10years more to affect grades 7 and 8, which in 1938 show the first decrease(table 20). TABLE20. Changes in elementary school enrollmentby gradegroups, 1920-38

Enrollment bygradegroups

Kinder- Grades Grades Grades 7-8 , garten 1, 2, 3 4, 5, 6 Total

3 4

1920 _ 481,266 9,456,260 6,599,978 2, 840, 423 19, 377,r 1922 529,235 9,741,809 1,1"07,267 3, 187, 907 20, 366,2P4 1924 . _ _ _ . 609,659 9,793, 306 7,269,866 3, 226, 099 20, 89g, 930 1926 ..... 673,231 9,525,898 7,369,504 3, 415, 369 20, 984, 002 1928. _ _ _ . . ._ ...... _ 695,490 9,649,554 7,311,383 3, 611, 990 21, 263, 417 1930 723,443 9,686,072 7,237,969 3, 631, 109 21, 278., s3

1932 , 701,403 9,370,098 7,329,574 3, 734, 345 21, 135,a 1934 601,775 g, 960,826 7,294,502 3, 907,934 20, 76s,or

1936 606, 8,612, I 753 650 7,251,202 3, 921, 956 342, 56: 1938 607,034 R.248,075 6,997,767 3, 895, 298 19,748,174

Private ElementarySèhools

From data reported by Statedepartments andcity schoolsystems, and by the-NationalCatholic WelfareConference, itis estimated that in 1937-38,2,240,650 pupilswereenrolled in9,992 privateand parochial elementary schoolsemploying67,139 teachers. The latest dataonthe number of schools,teachers, andpupils by religious affiliationorcontrol of the schoolarefor1933 (Office of Education Bulletin,1935, No. 2, ch. VI).

. STATISTICALSUMMARYOFEDUCATION 21 TABLE 21.Numberofprivate elementaryschoolsreporting,number ofinstructors, enrollment, classifiedacardingto religious and affiliationor control of schools,1932-33

Number I Instructon Enrollment Religiousdenomination of schools report.. ing Men Women Boys Girls

3 5 Bapt ist 29 12 64 1,014 910 Brethren 2 Christian 2 7 106 81 1 Christian Science _ _.. _ ...... 1 14 Church of NewJerusalem 5 2 19 64 96 1 1 21 Congregational Disciples of Christ 16 7 44i 737 689 Episcopal 2 6 59 47 85 Friends 115 218 2,593 2, 137 27 32 256 1,841 1, 724 Hebrew. 2 11 7 471 9 Lutheran 1, 062 Mennonite 1,547 449 34,598 32, 528 Methodist Episcopal. 1 1 1 16 12 Methodist Episcopal,South. 24 11 52 364 616 Moravian 10 2 30 392 376 1 2 9 Pillar of Fire Pmbyterian 1 1 2 13 Reformed Church. 43 123 1,416 1.421 411, 4 4 13 Roman Catholic . 207 51 5,759 1,418 40, 927 813,737 816, Al Seventh-dayAdventist 72 18 119 1.650 1, 516 Unitarian 1 Universalist 1 1 11 2 1 Other denominations 1 2 Nonsectarian 11 8 60 840 825 5R5 , 857 2,945 21,675 21, 149 Total (continentalUnited ing parts) States andoutly- 7. 7U I 4,082 4S, SS. 881,797 881. 131

PublicSecondarySchools Generalstatistics for publichighschoolswere collected for1937-38 replacing thoiefor1934.Tabulationsweremadeso as to make availablethe number ofschools,numberofinstructionalstaffmem bers,including supervisors,principals,teachers,and otherinstructionil staff,. and enrollmentin eachtype ofschoolseparately(table 2`41. In 1938 therewere50 publichighschoolswith5,000or more pupils (table23). In 1937-38 thejuniorhighschoolsenrolled19.0percent of all high-school pupils.Junior-seniorand=divided5- and6-year higU schools enrolled24.4percent of thepupils.Seniorhighwhom enrolled 13.1percent of thehigh-schoolpupils.Thereforetherfor- ganizedhighschoolsaccount for56.6percent of thetotal and the regular highschoolsof4years or less enrolled43.5percentof all high-schoolpupils.Thesedataincludethepupils intbe sevoth and eighthgradesin juniorhighschoolsandshouldnot be compired with high-schooldata basedonthe last4yearsof the-..11.1: 03- re- gardlessof its organization. -0. . ty (,4 4Z. (.1 NeP .1( a cli

I Wfi3

%le a. ))00 22 BIENNIAL SURVEY OFEDUCATION, 1936-3S

T4BIP.".Number nI whack instructionalstaff. and enrdlment inpublic high schools, frtYpe.1937-38

NarnbPr Number \umbel YP0 of schools instrue- of pupas repegt:ngtincaltafT

1 2 3 4

JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOLS 3i. 2-year.wh'.te. 11 grades(2-3 plan) 90A t 26. (.1:44 (2-3 plan) - 2-year,NegTn.11 grades ...... f 641, 2-year,white,11 grades(2-4plan) 32 - 71)1 'VI rk'i 2-year,white, 12 grades(2-3 plan) _ ... 2-year,white, 12 grad rbs(2-4 plan) _ .e ,:3; Negro, 12gravies(2-4 plan) 1\2yesr, I 4r. 1-y.ar, white, 11grades(3-2plan 1?. \" tit; 11 . year.white,grades(3-3 plar 1. . 44,*; (3-3 plan 3-y-ar, Negro, 11grades MO 3-year,white, 12 grades(3-2 plan 2V.) 7 1 --- -year. white, 12grades(3-4plan 11 112 . b 3-yar. white, 12grades(3-3 plan 4:01 fd 43. :. 11:c. sit; 1-yonr, Nerro, 12grades(3-3 plan i _ 91* (4-2 plan s.1 ...... t-yar, white, 11grades ) r, . 4-year,white, 12 grades (4-2plan' wJ 2. '24 4- 4-y.sr,Negro. 12 grades (4-2plan) . Total juniorhigh whooki 2. 371 52. 40% JUNIOR-SENIORANDUNDISIFED HIGH SCIInnt.9 JuniorSenior White,1 2 grades(2-4 plan). _ ...... :-,..-----____ILI)...-{ 13. 4N I Nerrn,1 2 grades (2-4plan) ./..._ 1. -01-1 1 _ _. I% White,12grades (3-3 plan)_ _ ....._ . 1.71 Negro,1 2grades (3-3 plan) , -- 37 White,1 2grades (3-4 plan) 41..7 : .1 If Negro,1 2 grades(3-4 plan) 1 White,11grades(2-4, 3-3 plan) r..%.4 - 14 Negro.11 grades (2-4.3-3 plan) _ nlivided 179 s-year.white,1 1grades(2-3,3-2 plan) _ _ . 44. -year,Negro,1 1 grades(2-3, 3-2 plan) li . -year,white,12 crades(2-3. 3-2 plan) r, __ _ . . i-y ear,Negro,12 grades(2-3, 3-2 plan)_ ____ ._ _ ..... 17 s-year,white,1 1grades 472, 12 )-year.Negro,11 grades year,white.12 grades 2. 4%1 ;-year.Negro,12 grades ... high school% a. 2$3 74. 1157 ; K3 Total(junior-seniorand undMded 1

SENIORHIGH SCHOOLS I

I.: . 2-year, white, 12grades 9 144 I 3-year,white, 11 grades '4. 31 3:4 vi 34 e 3-year, Negro, 11grades.. 3 64`.# white, 12 grades...... NI.N: 7.3: 2v 3-year. % ¶-year,Negro, 12grades...... t-year,white.11 grades 3 f10 1. Y -year,white, 12 grades 21". `.(.11.. 14:r;,. *year,Negro, 12 grades ... Totalserilor high schools). $S, 37.374 I In. 21%

i Total (reorganisedhigh school%) 1. $34 164. tI4 ; 4. It!"1i RIGCLARHIGH SCHOOLS 9. 41S k 4-cear, white, 12grades 1V) 2. tb31. 4-year. Negro,12 grades 2-'0% 1 3. 176t 4-year, white, 11grades ?fi. 7%7 1 f -year.Nefro, 11 grades 1 +rear, white, 13 grades 4 11 17_ 992 I 3-)%arsorlees, white, 12grades 1. S.ti aluirsorlest, Negro, 12grades------7R Le ,. 3-Tetrsor1cs, white, 11 grades 33#-) 3-ypntorless, Negro, 11grades ...I 3. ??7. %3 °Ili& (regular high schools) 1S. LAI 137. IS4 301. t37 7. 120. 71 Grand total...... 24.SW. High school with fewer than 10 enrolled: _- _ 373 White-- ..... 447 Negro.. I Ungraded voettional day high schools 34 1.0 713 11 Estimated numler not reporting 217 10.SO 2.1. Grand told tS, 3Ors 314. 290 1 7. 7111,Ili ., 111111 I (2-3 Plan) is 2 griMes to juniorhigh and 3 in senior. \STATISTICAL SUMMARY OF EDUCATION 23

T4BLE23.Publie high schools enrollingmorethan5.000 pupils in 1938

Rink Enroll- Name of school City and State :: 51ze ment I

1 2 2 4

1 . 10.476 : James Monroe High School_ New York, N. Y.

2 , 9. 965 ; New Utrecht High School Brooklyn. N. Y. 3 9. A21 Evander Childs High School New Vork. N. Y.

4 ' 9.569 . Newtown High School Flushing (N. Y. City), N. Y. 5 9,490 : De Witt Clinton High School New York, N. Y. t

1 6 S. 115 Lane Technical High Schnol. Chicago,ni. , 7. it41 Metropol,tan Evening High School Los Angeles, Calif. s I 7. S72 Julia Richman High School New York. NV. 9 7. &/4 John H. Francis Polytechnic Evening High School Los A ngeWs. Calif. 10 7, 623 Walton High School New York, N_ Y.

11 7. !Al Straubenmneller Textile High School Do. 12 7. 4,4 James Madison High School Brooklyn, N.Y.

13 7. 444 1. Abraham Lincoln High School 1)o.

14 7. 373 . Thomas Jefferson High School___ ...... _._ _ Do.

; 15 7, 777 Wa.shington Irving Evening High School .- - - - New York, N. Y.

lf; , 7. 244 I Samuel J. Tilden High School Brooklyn. N. Y. 17 7.234 Arsenal Technical High School . Indianapolis. Ind. IS 7. OrA Theodore Roosevelt Evening High Sly.. 1._.. New York. N. Y 19 7.029 . Evening High School of Commerce ...... San Francisco. Calif. X 6, 874 , Hollywood Evening High School Los Angeles, Calif.

21 6. 787 Erasmus Hall High School Brooklyn. N Y. ?2 6.744 Frank Higgins Trade Evening High Seho..1 Los Angeles. Calif. 23 6. 730 Theodore Roosevelt High School New York. N. Y. 24 6. 67S John Adams High School Jamaica (Oione Park). N. Y. 2Z 6, 663'Girls Commercial High School..._ _ Brooklyn, N. Y. e741 6, UrBrooklyn Technical High School Do. 6.313Lindblom Technical High School_ _ Chicago, Ill. 2S 6, ?XI Frank Higgins Trade High School _ Los Angeles, Calif. 29 6. 289 Austin High School Chicago, Ill. 30 6, 250 , Haaren High School New York, N. Y.

31 ! 5. 937 Jamaica High School Jamaica (N. Y. City. N. Y. 32 5,919Carl Schun High School _____Chicago, Ill. 1 33 5.8.50 , Washington Irving High School ; New 'York, N. Y.

34 5.822J. Sterling Morton High School ! Cicero,ni. 35 5,623 Seward Park High School New York. N. Y.

36 5. 525 i West Philadelphia High School Philadelphia, P. 37 5.463 George Washington High School New York, N. Y. 38 5,421 Morris High School Do. 39 5,408 Harlem Evening High School. Do. 40 5, 309 Crane Technical High School Chicago, ni.

41 5. 248 Bay Ridge High School Brooklyn. N. Y. 42 5.177Manual Training High School Do. 43 5, 121 Olney High School Philadelphia, Pa. 44 5,120Boys High School Brooklyn, N. Y. 45 5,085Evening High School. Glendale, Calif.

46 5, 075 Union High School Phoenix, Ariz. 47 a, OW kStnyvesant High School New York, N. Y. 48 5, 034 Girls HighSchool....__ Brooklyn. N. Y. 49 5, 019 Central High School_ Tulsa, Okla. 50 5,017Grover Cleveland High School Brooklyn, N. Y. e p4n. 7-7 -I b_011V3.1(13 011 $7 10 54 23 .11 37 23 06 30 33 27 56 59 (I 60 19 00 61 91 S2 49 51 75 :11 78 92 97 36 ...... of 1 1. 1. 2. 2.. 7. 6. 6. n. 6. 6. 5. Per- 16 17 H) 14. 17. 17. cent 30 90 total 11. 10 1934 171 314 710 431 094 320 329 210 53 4t.1 71;9 g.PN 928 :WI 521) 174 075 227 4$9 0'41 632 802 913 2341 025 338 .275 2, 4, 10, 59, 71. 127 41, 81, 21, 106,672 103, 4941, 721, 488, 280, 367, 767, 071, 281, 339, 656, 1.;..!1!1 292, 798, 779, 304, 278, 536. 6)04 Students 1, 4, 4, I I 41 41 22 09 99 02 SI UM MO 42 27 06 85 65 77 59 flg 07 09 68 81 s6 87 42 30 06 65 34 . . . . nf 17 I. 1. 1. 2. 6. 7. 2. 9. 2. 7 Per- 6 6 3 cent total 14. 19 13. 93. 21. 1 35 17 10. 11...... I 1928 175 250 1311 633 952 564 552 3'23 402 691 759 391 548 012 673 969 835 632 062 2:b 241:i 794 632 31:I 62,,,4 V.17 'III) Is 1, 2, 2, 53, 76, 69, ati, 242, 46, 77, 23, '47 198. Af, 696, 636. 406, 273, 204, 020, 573, 175. 393, 227,0-)4 507,10; 192, 517, 301, Students L. 2, 2, 1 I 1 16 46 28 5 6.5 68 53 02 07 93 40 28 53 78 27 82 08 06 29 h7 23 35 :12 . . . . IS of 1. 1. 8. 7. 4, 3. 8. 5, 6. 2. Per- cent total 15. 11. 10. 7359 18. 15 27-52 40 2'2. 17 15. 19 1972 9 162 146 330 515 086 715 474 380 918 825 918 413 010 288 520 519 72,1 ,rd 766 mn 392 s341 32 14 1, 3, 13, 32, 92, 32, K2,241 61, 593, 192, 159, 189, 333, 242, 865. 488, 266, 109, 130, 391 329, 371, :330, 416. 1,603,928 Students 2,163,441 i 1 i :19 42 14 IS :12 39 84 82 80 53 48 23 5S 38 Till 72 . .25 .4M of 13 2 7 1. 8 7 3.21 9 6.90 9 Per- 1890-1934 cent total 14 flg 55 3 14 24 48 26 NI In , 4 1 1915 103 516 871 613 294 743 215 925 220 2 S34 ri21) 031 911 436 511 55.4 .383 067 24, , 13 3 t. 5, 17, 31, 146, 37, 80, S 102, schinds, 165, 169, 434. 110. 21. 569, 106. (100, 6.'4 309, 5,89 Students 1,183,461 I I 10 16 S5 69 09 90 67 87 61 34 ri3 89 02 83 32 03 . high of 11 1.87 1. 9 6. R. Per- cent total 57 11. 19. 57. 16. 49.05 23. 15. (4, 30 ' 1910 161 170 MS 980 207 051 083 920 812 915 '2.M 923 94$ 53S 252 744 ter.!. public , le 4, 3. 8, 13. 73, 50, TM. 729,143 107, 175, 142, 42'2, 421. 362, 113, in 420. 228 1tt 400, Students I 14 16 54 34 21 2'2 25 76 51 71 52 66 3 96 88 117 of otal 1 1, 9 6. 2 Per- cent t 15. 49. 50 48. 20. !SI'. 28. 21. 21 17 40. studies 1905 4 120 318 791 895 430 24g 661 893 393 651 307 275 262 1Mi 914 86 8 8, 11, 15, 62, 45,4041) 137, 191, 106, 329, 33?), 146, 571. 341, 300, 149, 122 277, certain Students I I - in 10 48 78 33 29 61 78 39 91 04 72 37 16 42 (11 (In 7 or 1. 7. 2. 7. 3. Per- cept total 14. 3R 42. 19 50 56. 27. 23. 27. 21 38. s ' 1900 767 231 sai 613 395 408 287 235 435 8441 915 335 125 743 401 Students Stu- 9, dents 14, 40, 74, 18, 98, 441,1184 194.1, 112, 218, 2(2, 121, $12. 292. 142, 198, 112.465 t _ 15 52 40 79 05 97 53 27 31 89 95 00 33 24. of 4. 6. 2. 9. 5. Per- cent total 11. 43 25. 32 22.77 54 23. 29. 34...... i . 1895 205 VA 950 813 70 720 901 77-0 988 8418 020 642 862 201 TABLic ..... Stu- 8, dents 22, 39, 16, 17,488 79, M, 32, 83, . 153, 112, 189. 330, 104, 120, : . . 10 51 tly 44) 84 :13 21 31 3 of . 5 Per- total cent 10 . lo 34. 45. '21. 22. 27. 11190 1M) 1144 411 338 K58 04113 '294 50:1 427 2 Stu- dents 11, 1:1, 70, 21, 92, 46, .55. 292, . . . . of In . . . _ _ ...... _ - _ _ . . _ . . . . _ . . modern . . mrM. _ . . - . . .. . -.- _ _ number 1 sanitation . _ _ government ...... and ..... _ . . . history_ . Subject . .. geography and literature history _ history . science students . studies__ sehoolsreporting _ . history Total government history lgebra Rhetoric French.. English Latin (lerman Italian Spanish_ Physical Community World A Geometry Arithmetic__ Civil Physics Chemistry Zoology Botany. Biology Hygiene Ancient Medieval Trigonometry Astronomy Physiology English Geology General American STATISTICAL SUMMARY NOI.T.vja(13 12 72 21 si: 611 33 54 6t1 24; WI 417 60 44 . . I. :t S. 4.111 :1 A. U :1 were 14.01 16, 15. lc). 25. 50. 5 11 7 1 I 121 440i 237 732 iJM in4 394 7%2 'IN 1;14 so7 072 :4 . , 7 )4 I. 11. $4. II. 7 72, I 114,312 I 17g. 1.'19. 404 2 442. 749.31.1') 2211. 275, 155. 7ril. e9. I 41,30 *.! I. -, percentages 14 ti2 44 75 41 111 01 13 11*% 1.1. To; the . . I. I 4.81 210 3 .? IK 15. 1:1. .!ft. . yearc 7 1.18 11.1 245 .'181 2m 321 -.N7 4.11 379 390 6:11 RN n 20(1 11,-) (11-1 rt. ; :. 7t1, 21.617 40.648 WI. .to) HI). Me). 14 3011. 439.:1;9 r):1. 7:-)4 435, 384. 477, 2111. previous . I 1 14 . t 11 47 73 27 211 31; 70 70 75 7 In 94) K11 . . . I. I 1 1 I. I 5. X I 1 12 i:t 14 25 , 1.1 V13 764 .:12 307 721 )42.1 1i87 ..." 901 :. studies. t 2 7, s. 1 19.111 23. 34'). 341,11111 '.1 1 PA. II) 27o. 317 3117. 2 544. I*2 17 17 g',' 50 ! 1 3. "i reporting 11 1 .'' I .... VI 1,04 I 41.1.) ".71 % 2:1; . t. schools . 39, .% - LW. 151i. 2,4;. 3437, 1 the 1 in 7'.% ;1; 1 .t t ii,lents 11.. 9.1 st 1 27. of ,t titimber the upon based is 1.6 -c study 114 each in schools. ,4 students all of in students percentage of the . . . 1910 number _ ._ . _ . _ . . with btisineq; total . _ art _ law geography history arithmetic democracy the _ . subject. of and education economics practice. upon Beginning I training Economic. Sociology Problems Agriculturn Home Industrial Shorthand Commercial Music Physical Commercial Bookketping Commercial Commercial based Penmanship Office Elementary Drawing Typewriting_ SEW 26 BIENNIALSURVEY OFEDUCATION. 1936-38 PrivateSecondarySchools

From dataavailable fromvarioussourcesitis estimatedthatin 1937-38 therewere446,833 pupils enrolledin 3,327schools,employing 27,964 teachers. The latest dataavailableonthe number ofschoolsreporting,number of teachers,and enrollment,classifiedaccordingto religious affiliation arefor1933 (table 25).

TABLE 25.Numberof privatehigh schoolsreporting, number ofinstructors, andenroll- ment, classified accordingto religious affiliationorcontrol ofschools,1932-33

Number Instructors Enrollment Religious denomination of schools: reporting Men : omen Boys (i;r'

1 2 3 s

Baptist 39 10 lip Brethren ', 110 1. 564 4 I 11 1 1 Christian 105 12.1 1 14 170 Christian Reformed 3 1 s 6 324 Christian Science 3 8 5 33 1r)

Church of NewJerusalem I . .. 9 29 Congregational 20 Disciples 68 76 S45 9.44 of Christ 3 11 11 131 . Episcopal.. .. _ ._.._...... ______1 Evangelical Free Church 440 459 432 4. 509 1 1 2 - 34 Friends Jewish 22 132 134 1. 280 I. 21fi ...... 2 26 2 34A Lutheran _ _ 35 s 120 Mennonite 43 1, 166 '5 Methodist Episcopal 2 3 17 '..t% 1..1) 143 1. 491 two!)

MethodistEpiscopal, South r, 16 25 1R6 11 Moravian 2 1 5 16 17 7 Nazarene i 3 8 9 67 A Pillar of Fire 1 Presbyterian 2 : 4 19 I 48 169 i 2.'22 2. 494 , 14 Reformed Church : Roman Catholic. 7 43 4 738 2 I, 715 3, tri0 1 8. 16.5 S4. si-40 1 12 42 Seventh-day Adventist 72 . 172 Swedish Evangelical 1 116 1. (.$14 7i Mission Covenant I 6 3 r4 Unitarian i 1 ;411 i 7 e)9 Universalist 1 I Otber denominations , 11 I Nonsectarian 2 7 7 14 16 r4/ 522 2. 757 Z 502 29.773 21. i

Total (continentalUnited Statesand out-1' ''-'lyingparts).___.. ' ... 2. 1U 7. 412! 11, SO 131, Si2 144. VA holormr.

A STATISTICALSUMMARY OF EDUCATION 27 HigherEducation

Comparable data for all highereducation combinedareavailable biennially since 1932 (table26).

TABLE 26."-Historica1summaryfor higher education,1932-38 (continental *United ates)

Item 1931-32 1933-34 1935-36 1937-as

1 2 3 4 $ 0--

. Number of institutions on mailing list 1. 460 i 1. 695 I. Faculty. students. and degrees. 1. 773 Numberreporting faculty, students, and degrees.. . 1. 460 1. 418 1. 62S 1. 690 À. Faculty(reducedtoftill-time I. basis): 1. Men 71. 6..*3 71. .W2 78, 316 87. 990 2. Women 29. 109 28. 343 31. 909 I 35. 687

Total 160,789 99, 125 lit 1U 123,. 677 B. Resident college enrollment. 1. Regular session: (a) Men 667. 181 615. 720 709, 672 803. fal (b)Women 466. 936 439. 640 498. 535 547.012

Total_ I 1. 154, 117 1. 6$3, 36 1. Mk rt1 1. Sit NI 2. Summer session: (a) Men _ 14S. 017 119, 4S6 135, 752 158, 794 (b) Women 266. 243 1 184. 263 234, 274 271. 070

.Total 414, IN 313, 754 376. Kt 429. 864 3. Third week of fall term (men

. _ d and women) I K39. 741 1765.661 / 1. .4,34 2 1, 219, Mr 4. Freshmen (firstyear of college 0 work),men and womenI... 336. 997 307.690 366. 734 387, 983 S. Arta and sciences: (s) Undergraduate: (1) Men 296, 495 2R3, 1R9 32S, 729 374, 147 (2) Womeu 235, 517 227. 430 27Z 973 315, 143

Total J 1 _ 531. 611 516. 611 NI. 711 MS. 210 i (b)Graduate: i 1 i (1) Men 2.5. 947 I 21. 292 24. 336 29. 065

1 (2) Women ; 16, 711 15. 404 16, 992 19. 832 . . 4 . Total_ 42.658 ,; ,i. 38. 616 41. 348 4i, 917 G. Professional schools: (a) Undergraduate: (1) Men, 302, 375 282 995 336, 763 381. 203 (2) Women 193. 158 170, 107 190. 450 199. 9041

Total DS. 433 453, 192 ¿n.eetI 1161, 184 (b) Graduate: (1) Men 24, 961 21, 8R5 24, 211 26. 789 (2) Women 10. 301 10, 251 012 15, 095

Total_ H U4I 32. 106 113 41. 884

Cllegrees: . I 1. Baccalaureate and firstpro- 1 fession*: (a) Men.. sa 271 82. 341 86. (167 97, 678 (b)Women: 1 54. 792 53. 815 57. 058 67, 263 Total_ 1381 ON 136. 1S4 1134. lIS 16immmilmm=mmmumEm4. 163 116..... l Tontlsfor schools reporting theseitems. Estimatedfor ichools not reporting theseitems. . 28 BIENNIALSURVEYOF EDUCATION, 1936-38

TABLE 26.Historicalsummaryfor higher education. 1932-38 (continental UnitedStates)-Continued

Item 1931-32 '1933-34 1935-3C, 15137-36

1 2 3 4

- .0MIND I. Faculty. students, and degrees-Con. C. DegreèsContinued. 2. Master's, including advRnced engineering: (a) Men. 12.210 11. 516 11, 503 13. 414 (b) Women 7. 157 1 a, f 6, 799 8, 726

Total 19, 167 18, 193 18, 302i 71..201 Dbctor's: (a) Men 247 2, 456 2, 370 2,50: (b) Women 2.407 ! 374 400 t'S 1 Total...... t. 114 t83$ t,770 2, sr

4. Honorary (men and women). 1. 167 1 240 1. 347

I IReceipts: Number reporting receipts...... 1, 380 1. 3.57 1. 541 1.See A. Receipts for educational and gen- eralpurposes:

1. Student fees.. - 411. _ $150. 64i4, 047 $138, 257. 350 SIM, 134. 025 $i:\t.496. 2. Endowment income 60. 90:2, 567 55. 533. 447 60. 090. 075 , 70.654. 211 3. Federal Government 19. 826. 6h.5 43, 233. 704 29.344. 721 4. State and local governments_ 1744 663. M9 119. 58S, 147 (a) State 117. 3.51. 1 14 140. 959. (b) County, city, district.... _ 21, 049, 547 22 090.M2 S. Private gifts and grants _ 429, 947. 529 27. 467. MO 37. 115. 240 38, 90i. 257 8. Sales and services of organized activities 21, OK 513 17. 758. R28 24. 942. F21 27, 906.k: 7. Other (miscellaneous) receipts 144 823,938 12. 330. 113 26. 954. 992 15, 207, 831 B. Receipts for other noneducational 3) purposes.. . . . 10, 997., 781 to, 633. 366 J. C. Receipts for increase of physical plant 56, 256818 41. S02,871 (3) 5b. 263. q14

AMP

Total. A through C _.. . 519. 251. 432 440. 1S1. 534 491. 105, &51 MO. 371. %V D. Auxiliary enterprises and activities 103, 268. 891 x7. 9e13. 321 106. 479. 162 130. sm.064- E. Receipts for increase ofpermanent funds 47.676,822 !7. 477. 96s 47. 038. 348 49. sa 421, III. Expenditures: Number reporting expenditures_ 1, 357 1. 327 1, 540 1. iI36 A. Educational and general expenditures: 1. Generaladministration and expense $47, 231, 796 $43. 154. 673 $48, 069. 292 $56. 406. 2. Resident instruction: (a) Colleges, *schools,and departments 232. 645. OM' mi. 111. 619 225, 143, 586 253. 006,386 (b) Related activities______. 21, 207. 061 14. 154, 858 20. 240. 598 24. 031. 3. Organized reserch 21. 977. 741 17. nr'l FAO 22 090. 800 2.%. 211 97 4. Linranes.. $1 I. 379. OH Si& 387. 323 $15, 530, 878 $17. 588. 2* S. Physical plant OperatiOn and maintenance 56, 796, 812 31, 046, 180 56, yoi, 592 62 737. 653

Subtotal 391. 327, 463 $42. 138, 513 387. 876, 746 43. 9K 264 4. Extension 24. 066, 441 20. 020. 217 29, 426. 534 34.161).Ofil Total Itemised expend.. Itures_...... 411. 3n, 04 $2,158, IS 417, 303, IN 471, 111. :17 7. Uniternized expenditures..... 5. 238. 649 7. 502, 347 2, 5791 553 2, 020.311 Total educational and general expenditures_. tn. at su s so. ULM 419, 882, 833 473, 191. ae B. Auxiliary enterprises and activities 90. 897. 297 I 7S. 730. 423 96, 331, 995 115.619.721 C. Othernoneducationalexpend- itures 2 99;_922 - 20. 937, 898 21 175, 774 23,57i796 D. Capital out1ar I. Buildings andgroun&...... 83. 272. 416 22,364.ti188 39. 605, 904 58. 523,21ti 2. Equipment. 15. 017, 563 7. 138, 064 7, 763. 503 11,942 452 . Total capital outlay.. 1111, 1311,971- 28, 50, 933 47, IS9, 407 U.446, 2:111==1=1=111111211=20 1======llnciuded under sectionIL

4' STATI TICAL &UNWARYOF EDUCATION 29

TABLE 26. Historicalsummaryfor higher education,1932-38 (continental United Continued

; Item 1931-32 1933-34 1S35-36 193'7- 3z.%

1 3 4 3 . - Iv. Pripert y: A Number . 1.21;9 reporting property. 993 1 31.: 1. 434 A. Number ufhound volumes in li- . 4 braries_ 52.919. orh3 .K.7. 917. s12 ; 62, 65b, or* .4. - -7 B. Value of physical property:

1.Grounds.. $3:31. 293. S62 ; r2. V29. .M.) 1 M34. Ilk') 3,s Oh. 420. 323 .Buildings I. 527. 50n. v.k56 1. 54. 766, wr2 ? 636 722. 044 1, 710.r24.titi Equipment . . AS. 499. S59 36:i. ISO. 972 3.*.%. 611.1% 421.M-r.2.2f) 4 1. Unexpended plant funds.._ (4) I t ) 4173,6 mks ;

Total ph yskal property. 2. 27. 2$4, S77 2. 252. S77. 46.5 2. 359, 41S. 449 2. SM. 07 4.311 1)ormitorie3 (included in builii- !ngs). r 221. 469.9f12 :7. lei. VI:, 315. 7.V..tii2 C. Permanent funds:

_ _ .v,3.1;11). 1. Endowment funds 1.i72. 34%, 96,5 1. 472. 46 3S-4 I. 393 1. e):12. e.21) 1%1, 4011 2. Annuity fuilds ... ow A.a. Q. 43. 756 s19 42. 04. %71 4.3 7%2. 491

. _ I.otin funds 91. OM, 165 23. 0'24. 392 27. W. 736 ; 2.;40%.tt.r1.1

O s Total funds 1,49..727.561 I 1. 123. 1S&IN Em.l4l.13$ Total, propertyand 'fund.; (5) 7*2. Hs. on '$. pt2. us0! I 4. 277. 913. 1*; I 1).ita not enllected. I No comparabledata. Sommer school enrollmenis in institutionsof higliqreducation reachedanalhtime peak in1937 withanincrease ofmorethanHi. percent in the 2yearsfrom 1935to 1937, after having droppedin 1933 to almostas1C)wastheywerein 1923. Although enrollmentsinextension and correspondencecourses gainedmorethan 1 7percentduring the biennium1935-36to1937-3S. theyarestill billow the peakreached in1927-28. Summer schooleiirollnwntsininstitutionsof highereducation from 1914to 1937,and enrollments in extensionand correspondence, excludingveryshortcoursesand lectures only,aregiven for191 7-1S to 1937-38in table 21.The enrollments inextension andcorre- sponedence 'work previousto 1932includeanunknown number of noncollegiate students whocannotbe segregatedasinVecentyears.

TABLE 27. -Number ofstufients takingsummersession and extension andcorrespondence work in institutions of higher education,1915-38

Extension sunifiler Summer Extension Year andcorre : session Year session andcorm. ( spondenos I; I sponleace I i

! 1 $ I 3 l I 2 3

1%44-15 83,234 1927-28 382 77 I 360 246 . 16, .111. OD 115- MP 89. 438 1929-30 388,006 354, 133 1917- Is 41...... _ . 78,059 50, 314 1931-32 414, 260j. 266, 265 1910-24) I 132, 849 101, 662 I1933-34...... ID dil MD IND 303. 754 3208, 507 1921-22 I; . nO, 311 155, 163 1935-36 370.026 z 3 251, 469 1923-24 _ _ . VI 125 194. 147 1937-38 . 429, S64 4 205. 351 1925-21 340, 461 324, 819

I174,921nopeol Vs students omitted. 3 46.452 noncollegiate studentsomitted. 45.484nontoi, students omitted. 73,822 nonoollegiate students olnitted. 30 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1 936-38

The number of_junior colleges reportingtothe U. S.Officeof Education increasedmorethan 9percentduring the biennium1936-38, while the enrollments increased almost 19percent,showing thatthe size of individual junior colleges is increasing.The Office doesnot request reportsfrom junior colleges offering less than 2 years'work orfrom nonaccredited institutions having fewer than50 college students.The total number of institutions offering juniorcollege work, including those offering1 year's work only, is 556&sgiven in theJunior Colby Journalfor January 1939.This isgreater than the number shown in table 28, buteventhis smaller number shows anincrease of almost 1,000percentin the number reporting from 1917-18 to 1937-38.

TABLE 28.Number of junior colleges and their enrollment, 1918-38

All schools reporting Public.];eaateereCi Privately controlled Year

NumberEnrollmentNumbert Enrollment I Numter I Enrolimeni

4 s 7

1917-18 . 46 4. 504 14 1, 367 32 3.137 1919-20 52 & 102 10 2. 940 42 5.142 1921-22 so 12, IN 17 4. 771 63 7. ra 1923-24...... _ _ .. _ _. 132 20. 559 39 9. 240 03 11. 3,is 1925-26 153 27, 095 47 13, MO 106 13,236

1977-28 , i 24S 44. S53 114 28, 437 1S4 16.41i 1929-30 277 M. 616 129 36. 501 148 19. 115 1931-32 342 85, 063 159 5g, 7 183 26. 176 1933-34 3n 7& 480 152 55, 869 170 4 811 1935-36 415I 102. 453 187 70, 557 228 31. N.16

1 1937-38 ! 453 121. 510 209 sz 041 244 39.0

Source of Income Income for public and private education (not including income from auxiliary enterprises and activities and for increase ofpermanent funds) increased 15.6percentorslightlymorethan $451,000,000. during the 1936-38 biennium and is accouuted forasfollows: noome from Amount Public funds S361, 000, 000 Student fees _ _ ...... 21, 000, 000 Other localsources 69, 000, 000 With ratherconstantincreases from 1934 to41938, the income for education for 1938 (including income from auxiliary enterprises and activities and forpermanentfunds since itcannot beexcluded in 1930) exceeded the 1930 level by $59,656,606. ° 31(. .ktIVIVIV.1S

1V3LLSLLYIS vi NOLLvDa(13 C0 im . of 671 634 257 771 =MM a41.5 A33 1141 131 7- f9.17, 747, 719, 11414, KS2, 624, 9 383, MO, PIS. otal 6, 43, 492, 301, KU, 215, Increase 27K. &M. 2, $2. z2,-64, for N 138 Mift 542 3M8 M5 431 Wail 6.14 821 . I. 8 194, 711, 121,84.") 534, 564, A52, 614, 714. 421. lourres 2, lb Is, P45, $4 $2t4, (Ulivr 215, 204. 331, i)r 26.1 SJAN 223 464 464 687 7 (t) purls's". (3) Oats 311 411, 2E11, 211, M73, $71410. 7, 7. 50. St 17. this entorprisrs 1 M. m- for h revs 517 517 nin 711 711 228 : 6 (3) 961, M14, (4)111 (I) 634. 994. grants auxiliary purposes Niutat : in 46, $46,W1, 132. 132. 17%, al student. for for and = instil.. 563 40(1 M15 giíts 784 111P4 Ill 402 04 est 194, 297, 279, 771. in 713, 6 633. M. M19. $71).513.9n1 3, Total 10, 43, 14, :ill 492, 19, 714, 769. including 2, 2, $2. A 10. inelulied I include s73 338 211 598 funds, SON city, nit 14;5, 147, 9/41, 204, 4 204, U1.409 sources district itsuume. M09, KU, Does All PM. or , ) 4 1, treiLsury County. $1, es( _7. permanent ¡ nee OlIO A15 P421 A79 402 111 281 l'utaw oi "sitte 3 187,1M6 194, 596, 17N, 57A1 A10, 294, 273, state 7, 3, 43, 11. 154, KU, 861. $658, 24). V inerewte 7" . for `279 473 732 211 221 1$1.1e. PO 1116 " 110, 535, 641. 'V 932. 932, 577, um. 44, 2, Federal 1. m 41, 67. TO, 1r Va. as m. P4.181.75,5 or defi- deli- ...... enterprises . mentally mentally . - purpose . deaf. deaf, . system - _ auxiliary this ior for blind. blind, ..... school schools 1 ...... the . the gifts I I tichim)IA _ _ 11.. . . for for reporting $51,009,143 3 secondary !secondary , including total and public delinquent prIvate schools and separutely. delinquent schools schools include for and and education education funds, Total Ttal Grand not data reported cient, dent, Klementary Residential Iligher Elementary Higher Residential Does Not 119I6 I 3 Public: Private: permanent 32 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1936-38

Roughly, 97 percent of the income forpublic education (table29) camefrom the public treasury; 2 percent,Federal; 30percent, State; and 65 percent, county,city,ordistrict; thesame asfor 1935-36. For private education,although not all incomecanbe includedsince someprivate schools refuse to reportfinancial data and othersare notincluded inOur survey,less than 3 percentcamefrompublic funds: 0.59 percent,Federal; 2.27 percent, State; and 0.04percent. i county,city,ordistrict. . Of the entire income forpublic education, 97.07percentwa:. derived from publicfunds in 1937- 3S, 96.75 percent.in1935-36,and 96.62 ,percentin 1933-34, continuing the trendtowardsa greater

proportion of supportfrom publicsources. . Within the public-school system, thetrend of receipts from taxation And approptin 'ontowardsagreaterproportion from the State also continued, inct lasing from 29.4 percentin 1935-36 to 29.Wpercentin 1937-38(table 30).

'fumy 30.--Percentage analysis of receiptsfrom taxation and appropriation fiirthe *public-schoolsystem, 1930- 38

_ 011reeinwr(ent 1- State County i lrBi

1 2 3 4 - - - - - 4 -

I 1931) 16. 7 ¡ 10. 6 '72.7 19:0 19. 5 1 8. R 71.7

1,.E44 M. 4 i 9. 4 67 .2 1 1936 2 9. 4 7. 1 63.! i

Itas 29. 8 1 6. 5 63.7

. 1 Expenditures for Public andPrivate Educaiion The 13.7 percent increasein expenditures during the 1936-38 bienniumoverthe former biennium corresponds closely with the 15.6 percentincrease in income during thesameperiod.It should be remembered that the expendituresshown in table 31arenotcomplete. in that privatevocational and trade schools, private schools ofart. music, dancing, anddramatics, private Bible schools, and independent training schools fornurses(alj non-degree-granting institutions) do not reportexpeliditures. Although expendituresfor private education increased 16.0percent during the 1936-38biennium,ascompared witha13.3 percent increase in expendituresfor public education, the privateschool expenditureswerestill $41,000,000 below the level of 1931-32. The elementaryschools spent approximately $1,485,000,000,the high schools, $964,000,000; andthe institutions of higher education. .STATISTICALSUMMARY OFEDUCATION 33

$546,000,000; not including publicand privateresidentialschools for exceptional children and FederalGovernmentschools forIndians. The $3,000,000,000spent.oneducationnot only.paysfor the full- timeeducation of approximOelyone-fourth ofthe totalpopulation, hutprovides direct employmentforapproximately1,560,000 different individuals in the administrationof theschools,the instructionof the students, thecareand repair ofbuildings,and in theauxiliary servicessuchastransportation, healthservice,etc. In addition,it purchases the buildings, suiplies, ariaequipmentwhich haveprovided employment tomanypeople inmanyoccupations. Ill 1937-38 thecostof educatingthe26,826,211personsin public institutionswasequalto 8.43 centsaday for eachadult 21yearsof acreandoverin the UnitedStates.The educationof the 3,403,6' peNonsin privateschoois for whichexpenditureshave beenestimated. Would add 1.61centsaday for eachadult.Therefore,10.04centsa day for eachpersonof votingagein the UnitedStates wouldpaythe, entirebill foreducation in1937-38.This wouldamount to auf annualcostperadult of$30.76 for publiceducation and of$5.89 for private education,atotal of$36.65, comparedwith$34.84 for 1935- 36, $30.51 for 1933-34,$40.05 for 1931-32,and$44.34 for1929-30. Themost complete figuresavailableonexpenditures forthe public elementary and secondaryschools and forpubliclycontrolledinstitu- tions of higher educationsince1900aregiven in table32.

TOLE 31.Expenditures forschools reporting,1937-38 (includescapital outfits)

Schools Public Private Total

2 3 4

Elementary schools (including kindergartens)..... $1. 331 376. 527 1 $151. 24,Ls.688 $1. 4g1.865, 215 High schools and academies...... , . . . 899, 733, 527 I 64, 544, 177 964. 297, 704 niversities,colleges, andprofessional schools(including preparatorydepartments)!. ----- 234,384, 917 263. M2. 944 Teachers collegesand normal schools 497 937, 861 3.-______45,147, g44 2. 271, 595 47. 719, 439 Schools for delinquents4 2, 103, 052 3 224. 326 , 32";,378 Schools for the deaf4 870. 190 1, 992. 321 2. '42. 511 &boob for the blind4 1, 020, 706 I352,218 Schools for the 1, 372, 924 mentally deficient4v. a 883; 919 3 2763, 318 3. 967,Zi7 Governmentschools for Indians6 8. 923. 814 S.92:4, 814 Total expenditures(continentalUnited "N States)._ . 2, R9,144, 49f 4S4, 521811 I 3, 014,074, lig3 Federal Government schoolsfor natives of Alaska__ _.1 616, 220 Territorial public _ _ _ 616, 2'20 schoolsLi . . . _ Alaska . _ _ 780, 177 780. 177

I Estimated. !Doesnot include $39,327,572public, $87,288,292private, and$106,615,864 total expendituresfor auxiliary enterprisesand activities,and 131229,527public, $19,917,107 private.and $21.148,634 educationalexpenditures. total for othernon- Does not include$8,605,295 public, $398,582private, and $9,003,857total expenditures,forauxiliary enter prises andactivities, and$313,551 public, $113,601private, and expenditures. $427,152 total for othernoneducational 41938 data forState and privateresidential schools;city public schoolsnot included. I Includesexpendituresfor instructionalpurposes and capital outlayfor schools reportingthese items Notincludingamount spent for tuitionin public schoo3st6501712. 34 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1936-38

TABLE 32.Total expenditures for public education (inchuling capital outlayand auxiliary agenciesandactivities), 1900-1938

Year Elementary ' Higher edu- Year Elementary I Higheredu- : and secondary cation , and secondary cation

2 1 //

1 1900 $214. 964, 618 $11. 333. 4S3 1920 I $1, 036 151. 209 r 1$115,59k9Ot 1902 Z38, 262 299 14. 461, 511 11 1922 .4 1, 580, 871.298 3 164. 43( 1904 ...... 23. 216, 277 1 1 17, 219. 0G5,.1924 1, 820. 743.936 3Pin, 461.IC- 1906 307, 76S, 6.(44 I 20.633.749 ; 1926 2, 026, 3(18, 190 I2% 943,ir 1908 371. 344, 410! 1 2s, 019. in 19e38 2, 184, 336. 638 I 264. 04&

1910 426. 250. 434 , 648, 564 5I 1930 2.316, 790, 384 28& 908,502 191'2 482 RS5. 793 ; 39. 523.478 ' 1932 2, 174, 650. S55 242, 334.Sk' 1914 ss.f) R77. 146 1 54.Skik,514 . 1934 1, 720, 105. 229 220. 02S. CC4

1916 640. 717. 053 I 61, 510, 9,0 I 193A 1, 968, 898. 198 2S5, le. s-,! 191S 763, 678, 089 784.204. 1 6,5i 193S 2, 23a 110. 054 331. 306,. 7Ty

Does not include public institutions not cla.sifled as land-grant colleges or normal schools. Recriptt itqed for expenditure. Receipts used for expenlitures for universities and colleges. 3 Receipts used for all institutions. Federal Expenditures for Education

It is practicallyimpossibleto presentacomplete picture of Federal expenditures for education,evenomittingemergencyfunds, because it issodifficulttodecide whatmayand whatmaynotbe considered "education," and to separatemoneyfor education fromarnount which alsocoverother fields.Table 33 shows themostdefiniteand available figures, whetherdirect-expendituresby the Federal Govern- ment orasppropriations to States, etc., for expenditures for educational purposes.

TABLF 33.Amount of Federal fundsauthorizedorexpended for educationalpurposes. 1937-38 Nonemergency funds: U. S. Office of Education, Federal Security Agency: For Administration, research, and service by the Federal Amore office in Washington, D. C $888, 960 Appor ionment to the States and TerritoTies for vocational education and rehabilitation (total) 52, 122, 101

1. To land-grant colleges (subtotal) 28, 363, 123

3 (a) For instructioninagriculture, mechanic arts, etc.'__ 4, 530, 000 (b) For agricultural extension service 3 17, 540, 623 (C) nar agricultural experimental stations 4 6, 292, 500

IIncludes administration of CCC educational program. I Administered by the U. S. Office of Education. 3Adininisteredby th4 U. 8. Department of Agriculture. 4 Administered by the U. 8. Department of Agriculture and includes cost of administration,research, and servke of the staff in Washington, D.C.,and of tbe printing of official experiment station dJcuments STATISTICALSUMMARY OFEDUCATION 35

TABLE33.-Amourst of Federal fundsauthorizedor(vended foreducationalpurposes, 1937-38--Continued yonemcrgencyfunds-Continued. Apportionment to the States,etc. Continued. 2. For vocationaleducationat secondary level 5_ __ _ 21, 775, 978

(a) For trainingof teachers 2, 168, 859

(b) Foragricultural _ mm. education ...... omp. 7, 126, 054 (c) For tradeand industrialeducation 6 7, 178, 240 (d) Forhome-economicseducation 4, 048, 825

(e) For distributiveoccupations am 1. 254, 000

3. For vocational rehabilitation' 1, 983, 000

U. S. Office of IndianAffairs 10, 048, 525 Federal oil andmineral royalties7 _ 2, 637, 037 National forest funds6___ - _ _ __ _ 1, 214, 547 United States MilitaryAcademy 9 3, 121, 270 United States NavalAcademy9 2, 023, 282 State marine schools)0 220, 000 Public schools in PanamaCanal Zone 455, 247 Howard University 700, 000 National Training Schoolfor Boyq 247, 830

MD ea Columbia Institution _ ma,. o 411. _ _ am for the Deaf » ow. a. 145, 000 Public schools ofthe Districtof Columbia 1, 591,439 Emergency funds: College and high-schoolstudent aid (National YouthAdmin- istfation) - 19, 091,039 Education program(WorksProgressAdministration)_ ..... _ 34, 529,036 School building (PublicWorks Administration) 115, 063,521 ;The amount indicated isthe maximumamount authorized forapportionment to theseveral Statesand TerritoriesIncase a balance remains froma preceding year 's apportionment inany State, the apportionment to the State is reduced accordingly. A certain part of thissum may be used for home-economicseducat ion. This amount represents374 percent of receiptsfrom Mineral LeasingAct. which is paidto the various kai Suites receivinisuch funds, for roadsor schools. 15 percent of thecurrent national forestreceipts, chiefly from timberand grazing rights,is paid tot he States for public roads andschools of the countiesin whicht he forestsare situated. Fundsare provided annually by the FederalGovernment for the educationaltraining of cadetsin the L. S. Military Academyat West Point and the1;. 8. Naval Academyat Annapolis.Such provisionis authorized eachyearby Congressas a part of the annual appropriationacts for the War and NavyDepart- ments Thepay of cadets at the Military Academy is included hut thepay of midshipmen at the Naval Academy is notincluded, since it isconsideredas a part of the pay of the regular personnelof the Navy. To reimbursethe States of California.Massachusetts, New York.and Pennsylvaniaforexpenses incurred in maintenanceand support of theirmarine schools. S25,000 each:in addition, theuse of $120,000 was authorized for themaintenance and repairof ships loanedto the schools hy the U. 8.Navy in 1938 Value ofProperty andEndowments

Althoughpartially estimatedandnot always reportedonthe , somebasis, themajor educationalsystems and institutionsin the UnitedStates reportedaninvestment of$10,700,000,000 in land, buildings,and equipment,includingunexpended plantfunds, in 037-38(table 34).Thiswas anincrease in valueof$581,000,000,or Pt

36 . BIENNIAL SURVEYOF EDUCATION, 1936-38 S

5.7 percent, in the 1936-38 bienniiim.Endowments andothernon- expendable fundswerereportedas$2,749,000,000, includingState debtstopublic-schoolpermanent funds and the value of unsoldsfilbool land belongingtothepermanent school fund.On thisnewbasis, therewas anincrease of7.3percent, $186,560,000, from 1933-34to 1935-36.The increase from1933-34to 1935-36was6.2percent,or $148,62.5,000.

TABLE 34.Estimated value ofpriperty and endowments, 1937-38

Endowments ! Land, build- Schools ings, and and othernon- expendable Total equipment funds

1 2 3 4

Public elementary andsecondary schools . *7, 115, 377, 402 $875. 7M, 151 $7. 991,I4Z 5,% Private elementary schools _ . . I 375 000, 000 3 2. ,40, 128 377, ~so. Private secondary schools 2 650, 000, (XX) 148. 3:i7, 439 lnst itut ions of higher education: 798, 337,439 Public 1, 096, 976, 089 214. 379, 404 1.311. 3M,493 Private 1, 459, 098, 482 1, 507, 461, 732 2,968.560,214

Total. ". le, Mt 451,173 2, 748, 723, Mk 13, 443, 175,it7

I Includespermanent school funds. State debts to permanent schoolfunds, and valueiunsoldshuol !awls.(Not comparable with figuresused in previous years.) I1934estimate. 1933 data. 41 IvaLLSIllas AHVIVh1L1S 0 NOLLV3,1(13 /NO 11 47 78 74 63 29 67 93 6? 64 130 126 ol 327 950 191 467 017 674 250 01S 407 568 690 251 541A 675 3. o. 0. 49 6, 3. 42 27. 1, 50. 92. 47 57 68.30 2, 2. . 2. 3.1 72.480 32. 33, 260, 5411, gch 209, 434, 346, 907,791 R68. t Total 7, 12, 26, $A. 28, $6, 193 ; 33 82 71 25 96 2,4 75 99 69 40 separate 39 246 302 797 155 C29 241 016 711 135 350 790 332 a 4. o 0 1, 33 4, 39 2, 49 8ft 55 8 48 2. rural) 2, (urban as 443, 245. $150. $147, County 1,164,000 049 and unit 24 500 45 1 24. 385, ounties 27 91 84 19 25 227 41 93 76 38 36 Minted 951 ( 835 656 812 109 324 010 750 578 333 705 295 705 330 2'49 13, perintenfhnen, 6. 0 o 3,184) 29 41. 94 52. 54 1, 1. 26. 7 50, 22. 23. mot was 231, 991, 775, only) (rural $913, $8Atl, County 1, 3, 10, I school 29 10 79 12 45 64 M RO 67 74 74 county 901 144 097 450 325 673 452 254 626 648 500 891 257 794 791 5/49 25,i 3. 0 o IV 2, 72 2. 43 51 7, 7, 46 1,377 )49 1. 1. 67. 6 5A. 3. 3, 101 17. .2, 33, 182 HO. I 190, 82f), 843. MO, to 5. 8, Groups combined 13,049. 16, ims $5. $5, elementary rut 71 15 80 22 37 89 2g 56 46 of i4,4 IV 82 .41 433 944 283 830 183 to 945 299 376 691 500 857 943 601 207 207 013 038 an 4 0 1, 1, o 73 9, 5, 62. 2, 49 1. 44 2, 9:3 71 1. I. 61 1, 1, 6 137 9.999 tion) 437, 752, 073, F195, 252, 222.915 popula- 2,500 with (cities 1, 1, 2, 4, Group $1. SI. admi ' 71 39 77 86 68 Vis.4 53 77 of 81 to KO III 647 451 186 578 743 797 54A 067 762 oos 396 623 5'18 590 391 3 o 0 1, 1. 69 6,955 3.713 53 41. 48. wo. building 4 61 54j 2, 2. 2, 153 under tion) 222. 4N2, )4)47. 29,999 025, 038, popula 10,000 (cities 1, 2, 3.131,250 °tom) $I, $1, same . , I 49 97 18 I 21 70 :15 49 of 36 8g to st-ht,4,111 8'; 151 the 453 2'20 535 932 545 137 851 622 000 990 137 514 622 730 062 919 R. 3 0 0 1.242 5, (1)4.114 2. 46. 47 I. 86 3 66 64 4 2, 8, 7. in 183 Lion) 104, 067, 371. 887, 978, 99,9149 087, and I)or (cities 30,000 1, 2, Oroup 2, $1, 1 .¡ . I school. housed I 90 89 62 62 42 94 76 46 36 of 22 6,1 54 54 64 66 247 194 555 9:04 . 730 750 781 694 017 3:13 406 378 2 0 0 sySterns I, 68 5. 44. 1, 49 36 2, 86 2 more) co; 55. 2. 11.759 219 45, 46. 185, 2211.093 340, 321, 448, 54. school loomoo separite (cities °rout) 2, 6, 4, 5, an(1 population a S3, $2, !whim)/ as - - high - . M _ . _ M (ity MP _ e. P MP junior MP . (.0.1 libraries counted ...... a _ _ . 411, a _ was . OP _ - . collections_ - States grOuPA 1934-35 _ _ - -1 centralized school _ - in .010.0 vIr . by fiPr 44 United e_ 10 _ classroom _____ ...... he 410 _ library t 4. . or (approximate) MI served . in elementary _ 40 mi. 40 !statistic.% an ft.m.11. volumes) volumes) child 10 libraries as libraries 1 (In (in per schot1 centralized _____ 00 .4 with ..... - Item of hbrary per _ 41 replies _ owned . libraries housed libraries _ centralized _ . _ . centralized _ added _ number o . libraries: libraries in . collections: usuable . . .._ - reporting. reporting. school replies volumes _ . either in enrolled enrolled total ... _ librarie:: of _ _ . _ volumes by Puistjc-u-hfko1 centralized centralized high . for . to to the I. volumes libraries: of .. of pupil usable pupil of system system systems systems at centralized classroom centralized of in for . . sent reprted sent 35. of of per per per replying per size number replying. . size served replying served replies by by by regular systems: systems a number in Percent Percent Number Number. AM, systems: *my all arriving number income expenditure verage Percent Number Usable Percent Number Percent Number Served Served Percent Percent In Reported Served Average Number Number Median Average Average A Amount_ Average Amount Average TA In School Schools Enrollment: Average Total Total Likewise Total 4. 38 BIENNIALSURVEY OFEDUCATION,1 936-38 SchoolSurvival Rates

Of each 1.000 pupilsin the fifthgrade in1930-31, approximately 417 graduated from high schoolin 1938.This is39morethanwere surviving throughgraduation2 years.earlierand147morethan7 yearsearlier in theclass that graduatedin 1931.In theTyears from 1931to 1938 the survivalratethrough highschoolincreasedfrom 27percent to 42percent.These dataareshown intable36. Of 1.000 pupik inthe first yearofhigh schoolin1934-35,approxi- mately541 graduated in1938.Of1.000 in the firstyearof high school in1927-28. only 465 graduatedin 1931.These dataart- shown in table37.

TABLE 36.--7,Surt-ival,try grades,per1,000 pupils eniolledin the fifth gradein the_wan indicated

Number survivingper 1,000 pupils in the fifth gradein- Gradeor year 19M-241924-251925-261926-271977-s 192b-291929-30193)3:

3 4 6 7 8 1 a

Elementary: P % Fifth 1 1. On° 1. 000 1, 000 1. n00 1.000 1.oto' 1. 000 1.0 Sitth i493 . ._...... So 11 911 I 919 v..t 939 954 rt . Seventh 7N2 79g ; S15 i 624 s.34 i S47 141 .- i

Fightb 71Y . 1 741 745 ! 754 779 SOS . s25 High school: .4 :4 I I i 51,1,2 612 642 : 677 1 714 734 74) , 509 F II 441 470 , 552 51ki 624 6,47 t.t. III . . 347 3%-i-4 421 43 4)0 49S 512 427 IV 1 310 344 370 ! 400 415 Graduates 432 454 441 ru 302 316 333 . 3.f.5 378 4413 4,* :

Year of graduation `Y31 1932 1:33 1934 1.411 1936 1937 1'0 _ _ College I. 122 1 1 s 112 12q Is Graduates ...... 51. 53 57 60

Year of graduation 193.; 193/1 1937 193s

.1 Fourth grade in 11-grade system. fifthgradein 12-grade system

TABLE 37.Sw4-ival bygradesper1.000 pupils enrolledin the firstyearof high school in the_warsindicated

Number survivingper 1.000 pupils in firstyear o( high cehool andyear eatena; and graduating fromhigh school High-school )ear

: 1977-28 1928-29 1921.$-30 1930 ?1 1931-32 19T2 33 1933 34 1434-15

i t 3 4 i 1 s 7 8

,. i I 1.000 i 1, 000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1.000' 1.000 1 OW II 758 I 768 k$2 793 815 823 , F48 1 il 84* I I I 596 I 677 GOO 656 680 677 1 6' 4 or I V 533 I 562 577 591 582 i 586' w7 63L Graduates 465 1 49S 492 492 4116 513 : 531 41

ear of graduation ¡I 1931 1932 1913 1934 ! 1933 1936 1937 1938 STATISTICAL SUMMARYOFEDUCATION 39 In the class graduated fromcollegein1918, therewere 23 remaining of each1,000 pupilsenrolled inthefifthgradein1906-7.Tsenty year;later,1938.60 of each1.000 enrolledin thefifthgradein1926-27 .tirvived(table38.).The survivalrates fromvariousgradesthrough l'olletre graduationareshownin table:39.

TOME38. Surriral.throughcollege,per 1,000 pupils 'limitedin thefifth gradein the Years indiroted

Numbersurvivingper 1.00) pupilsin Educauon the fifthgradein-

1416-0 19'211-21 1'-(21 22 1972-Z3 ... 1(15-24 1924-25 192.5- 2A1926-27

4 I 7 3

.":.-. enrle ' ...... Loci) 1.011) Liu) 1.0c 1. ....v.' -44 -v11 000 Low 1.iton 1 graduatIon . 119 . non 241 245 2. 7i.cr-Aduation ro 302 31A 3.1i Zi % 5.:3 !.) .1., S:1 57 AO _ .,:cce raduation '41 1.32 133 1934 it:to 1 'AP.; -1,.07 1%1*

F zralein11-frracle system. fifthtradein 12-era4esystem gib.

T%IMF 3g.--- Sunivalthrough (-Id/Pieper UM enrolledinrariou.sgradA

Nualhcrper thousand survivingto grsdu- rov1 . ate from collegein-

3 F . lb. F:rltvo,ar.fcrhschool 60 F:rv, yoar -f. (.1 liege 81) 414 4157

Thefiguresin table39, expressed inpercentages,mean that6per- centof thosewhoentered the fifthgradein1926weregraduatedfrom collegein1938,9 percent ofthosewhoenteredthefirstyearof ciloolin1930 high were graduatedfromcollegein1938, and47 thosewho percent of enteredcollegein1934were graduatedin1938. Fromthedata givenin table36, it ispossibleto calculatethe whosurvivefrom number anygradetoany other gradebyfindingthe agethe percent- lattergradeis oftheformer(dividingthe former). lattergradebythe EstimatedEducationofthePopulation Itisestimatedthatin 1938 therewerein theUnitedStatesabout .775,500livingcollege graduates.Therewerealso13,575,000living ...IA-schoolgraduateswhohad not also beengraduatedfromcollege. qfthese,approximately 4,075,500were under21yearsofage, having t-Ptlen graduatedfromhigh schoolbeforetheywere 18years ofagein 40 BIENNIAL SiURVEY OFEDUCATION, 1936-38

1935, 1936, 1937, and 1938.This leaves9,499,500 high-schoolgradu- ates 21yearsofageandover.Therewere,therefore, in theadultpope. lation in 1938 about34 college graduates and115 high-school graduate5 per1,000 adults,or149 who had completed high schoolorcollege. Even with the death annuallyofmanypeople who havehad little education and thecoming ofage21 ofa group alittle lesstha half*ofwhom have been graduated fromhigh school, themedianeduca- tion of adults for thecountryas awhole is still probablyonlycomple. tion of the elementary school. o e

1 a.