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8088 8-Bit Hmos Microprocessor 8088 8088-2
8088 8-BIT HMOS MICROPROCESSOR 8088/8088-2 Y 8-Bit Data Bus Interface Y Byte, Word, and Block Operations Y 16-Bit Internal Architecture Y 8-Bit and 16-Bit Signed and Unsigned Arithmetic in Binary or Decimal, Y Direct Addressing Capability to 1 Mbyte of Memory Including Multiply and Divide Y Two Clock Rates: Y Direct Software Compatibility with 8086 CPU Ð 5 MHz for 8088 Ð 8 MHz for 8088-2 Y 14-Word by 16-Bit Register Set with Symmetrical Operations Y Available in EXPRESS Ð Standard Temperature Range Y 24 Operand Addressing Modes Ð Extended Temperature Range The Intel 8088 is a high performance microprocessor implemented in N-channel, depletion load, silicon gate technology (HMOS-II), and packaged in a 40-pin CERDIP package. The processor has attributes of both 8- and 16-bit microprocessors. It is directly compatible with 8086 software and 8080/8085 hardware and periph- erals. 231456±2 Figure 2. 8088 Pin Configuration 231456±1 Figure 1. 8088 CPU Functional Block Diagram August 1990 Order Number: 231456-006 8088 Table 1. Pin Description The following pin function descriptions are for 8088 systems in either minimum or maximum mode. The ``local bus'' in these descriptions is the direct multiplexed bus interface connection to the 8088 (without regard to additional bus buffers). Symbol Pin No. Type Name and Function AD7±AD0 9±16 I/O ADDRESS DATA BUS: These lines constitute the time multiplexed memory/IO address (T1) and data (T2, T3, Tw, T4) bus. These lines are active HIGH and float to 3-state OFF during interrupt acknowledge and local bus ``hold acknowledge''. -
Kontron / ICS Advent SB586P(V) Manual (Pdf)
Full-service, independent repair center -~ ARTISAN® with experienced engineers and technicians on staff. TECHNOLOGY GROUP ~I We buy your excess, underutilized, and idle equipment along with credit for buybacks and trade-ins. Custom engineering Your definitive source so your equipment works exactly as you specify. for quality pre-owned • Critical and expedited services • Leasing / Rentals/ Demos equipment. • In stock/ Ready-to-ship • !TAR-certified secure asset solutions Expert team I Trust guarantee I 100% satisfaction Artisan Technology Group (217) 352-9330 | [email protected] | artisantg.com All trademarks, brand names, and brands appearing herein are the property o f their respective owners. Find the Kontron / ICS Advent SB586PV at our website: Click HERE Model SB586P(V) Product Manual MANUAL NUMBER : 00431-027-3C Page - ii FOREWORD This product manual provides information to install, operate and or program the referenced product(s) manufactured or distributed by ICS Advent. The following pages contain information regarding the war- ranty and repair policies. Technical assistance is available at: 800-480-0044. Manual Errors, Omissions and Bugs: A "Bug Sheet" is included as the last page of this manual. Please use the "Bug Sheet" if you experience any problems with the manual that requires correction. The information in this document is provided for reference only. ICS Advent does not assume any liability arising from the application or use of the information or products described herein. This document may contain or reference information and products protected by copyrights or patents and does not convey any license under the patent rights of ICS Advent, nor the rights of others. -
Computer Organization and Architecture Designing for Performance Ninth Edition
COMPUTER ORGANIZATION AND ARCHITECTURE DESIGNING FOR PERFORMANCE NINTH EDITION William Stallings Boston Columbus Indianapolis New York San Francisco Upper Saddle River Amsterdam Cape Town Dubai London Madrid Milan Munich Paris Montréal Toronto Delhi Mexico City São Paulo Sydney Hong Kong Seoul Singapore Taipei Tokyo Editorial Director: Marcia Horton Designer: Bruce Kenselaar Executive Editor: Tracy Dunkelberger Manager, Visual Research: Karen Sanatar Associate Editor: Carole Snyder Manager, Rights and Permissions: Mike Joyce Director of Marketing: Patrice Jones Text Permission Coordinator: Jen Roach Marketing Manager: Yez Alayan Cover Art: Charles Bowman/Robert Harding Marketing Coordinator: Kathryn Ferranti Lead Media Project Manager: Daniel Sandin Marketing Assistant: Emma Snider Full-Service Project Management: Shiny Rajesh/ Director of Production: Vince O’Brien Integra Software Services Pvt. Ltd. Managing Editor: Jeff Holcomb Composition: Integra Software Services Pvt. Ltd. Production Project Manager: Kayla Smith-Tarbox Printer/Binder: Edward Brothers Production Editor: Pat Brown Cover Printer: Lehigh-Phoenix Color/Hagerstown Manufacturing Buyer: Pat Brown Text Font: Times Ten-Roman Creative Director: Jayne Conte Credits: Figure 2.14: reprinted with permission from The Computer Language Company, Inc. Figure 17.10: Buyya, Rajkumar, High-Performance Cluster Computing: Architectures and Systems, Vol I, 1st edition, ©1999. Reprinted and Electronically reproduced by permission of Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey, Figure 17.11: Reprinted with permission from Ethernet Alliance. Credits and acknowledgments borrowed from other sources and reproduced, with permission, in this textbook appear on the appropriate page within text. Copyright © 2013, 2010, 2006 by Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Prentice Hall. All rights reserved. Manufactured in the United States of America. -
Introduction to the Intel® Nios® II Soft Processor
Introduction to the Intel® Nios® II Soft Processor For Quartus® Prime 18.1 1 Introduction This tutorial presents an introduction the Intel® Nios® II processor, which is a soft processor that can be instantiated on an Intel FPGA device. It describes the basic architecture of Nios II and its instruction set. The Nios II processor and its associated memory and peripheral components are easily instantiated by using Intel’s SOPC Builder or Platform Designer tool in conjunction with the Quartus® Prime software. A full description of the Nios II processor is provided in the Nios II Processor Reference Handbook, which is available in the literature section of the Intel web site. Introductions to the SOPC Builder and Platform Designer tools are given in the tutorials Introduction to the Intel SOPC Builder and Introduction to the Intel Platform Designer Tool, respectively. Both can be found in the University Program section of the web site. Contents: • Nios II System • Overview of Nios II Processor Features • Register Structure • Accessing Memory and I/O Devices • Addressing • Instruction Set • Assembler Directives • Example Program • Exception Processing • Cache Memory • Tightly Coupled Memory Intel Corporation - FPGA University Program 1 March 2019 ® ® INTRODUCTION TO THE INTEL NIOS II SOFT PROCESSOR For Quartus® Prime 18.1 2 Background Intel’s Nios II is a soft processor, defined in a hardware description language, which can be implemented in Intel’s FPGA devices by using the Quartus Prime CAD system. This tutorial provides a basic introduction to the Nios II processor, intended for a user who wishes to implement a Nios II based system on an Intel Development and Education board. -
SOS Internals
Understanding a Simple Operating System SOS is a Simple Operating System designed for the 32-bit x86 architecture. Its purpose is to understand basic concepts of operating system design. These notes are meant to help you recall the class discussions. Chapter 1 : Starting Up SOS 3 Registers in the IA-32 x86 Architecture BIOS (Basic Input/Ouput System) Routines Real Mode Addressing Organization of SOS on Disk and Memory Master Boot Record SOS Startup A20 Line 32-bit Protected Mode Addressing Privilege Level Global Descriptor Table (GDT) More on Privilege Levels The GDT Setup Enabling Protected Mode Calling main() Chapter 2 : SOS Initializations 10 In main() Disk Initialization Display Initialization Setting Up Interrupt Handlers Interrupt Descriptor Table (IDT) A Default Interrupt Handler Load IDT The Programmable Interrupt Controller (PIC) The Keyboard Interrupt Handler Starting the Console Putting It All Together Chapter 3: SOS1 – Single-tasking SOS 16 Running User Programs GDT Entries Default Exception Handler User Programs Executable Format System Calls Creating User Programs The run Command Understanding a Simple Operating System The DUMB Memory Manager Program Address Space Process Control Block Switching to a User Program Kernel-Mode Stack Chapter 4 : SOS2 – Multi-tasking SOS 24 Running Multiple User Programs NAÏVE Memory Manager Programmable Interval Timer (PIT) Process States Timer Interrupt Handler Sleep System Call The run Command Process Queue The Scheduler The Complete Picture ps Command Chapter 5 : SOS3 – Paging in SOS 31 -
Computer Organization & Architecture Eie
COMPUTER ORGANIZATION & ARCHITECTURE EIE 411 Course Lecturer: Engr Banji Adedayo. Reg COREN. The characteristics of different computers vary considerably from category to category. Computers for data processing activities have different features than those with scientific features. Even computers configured within the same application area have variations in design. Computer architecture is the science of integrating those components to achieve a level of functionality and performance. It is logical organization or designs of the hardware that make up the computer system. The internal organization of a digital system is defined by the sequence of micro operations it performs on the data stored in its registers. The internal structure of a MICRO-PROCESSOR is called its architecture and includes the number lay out and functionality of registers, memory cell, decoders, controllers and clocks. HISTORY OF COMPUTER HARDWARE The first use of the word ‘Computer’ was recorded in 1613, referring to a person who carried out calculation or computation. A brief History: Computer as we all know 2day had its beginning with 19th century English Mathematics Professor named Chales Babage. He designed the analytical engine and it was this design that the basic frame work of the computer of today are based on. 1st Generation 1937-1946 The first electronic digital computer was built by Dr John V. Atanasoff & Berry Cliford (ABC). In 1943 an electronic computer named colossus was built for military. 1946 – The first general purpose digital computer- the Electronic Numerical Integrator and computer (ENIAC) was built. This computer weighed 30 tons and had 18,000 vacuum tubes which were used for processing. -
A Modular Soft Processor Core in VHDL
A Modular Soft Processor Core in VHDL Jack Whitham 2002-2003 This is a Third Year project submitted for the degree of MEng in the Department of Computer Science at the University of York. The project will attempt to demonstrate that a modular soft processor core can be designed and implemented on an FPGA, and that the core can be optimised to run a particular embedded application using a minimal amount of FPGA space. The word count of this project (as counted by the Unix wc command after detex was run on the LaTeX source) is 33647 words. This includes all text in the main report and Appendices A, B and C. Excluding source code, the project is 70 pages in length. i Contents I. Introduction 1 1. Background and Literature 1 1.1. Soft Processor Cores . 1 1.2. A Field Programmable Gate Array . 1 1.3. VHSIC Hardware Definition Language (VHDL) . 2 1.4. The Motorola 68020 . 2 II. High-level Project Decisions 3 2. Should the design be based on an existing one? 3 3. Which processor should the soft core be based upon? 3 4. Which processor should be chosen? 3 5. Restating the aims of the project in terms of the chosen processor 4 III. Modular Processor Design Decisions 4 6. Processor Design 4 6.1. Alternatives to a complete processor implementation . 4 6.2. A real processor . 5 6.3. Instruction Decoder and Control Logic . 5 6.4. Arithmetic and Logic Unit (ALU) . 7 6.5. Register File . 7 6.6. Links between Components . -
The Bootstrap the Where Are Wenow?
Dedicated Operating System March2011 Prof. Dr.Antônio AugustoFröhlich http://www.lisha.ufsc.br/Guto Getting ready for the OS for the ready Getting [email protected] LISHA/UFSC The Boot: The March 2011 (http://www.lisha.ufsc.br) 1 Dedicated Operating System March2011 ● ● ● BIOSgot the system ready for BIOSbrought the system on ● Lots of “jmp” so far, no calls, why? ● First instruction fetched ● initializedBIOS a complex architecture Where the stack?Where is 0x7c00 BIST, POST, hooks The Bootstrap Where are we now? we are Where (http://www.lisha.ufsc.br) =>Today class 2 EPOS Bootstrap: m src/boot/pc_boot.S e t ; CONSTANTS s ;============================================================ y ; PHYSICAL MEMORY MAP S ; 0x0000 0000 -+-----------------------+ BOOT_IDT ; | IDT (4 K) | g ; 0x0000 1000 -+-----------------------+ BOOT_GDT ; | GDT (4 K) | n i ; 0x0000 2000 -+-----------------------+ t ; : : a ; | BOOT STACK (23 K) | r ; 0x0000 7c00 -+-----------------------+ BOOTSTRAP_STACK e ; | BOOT CODE (512 b) | BOOTSTRAP_CODE p ; 0x0000 7e00 -+-----------------------+ ; | RESERVED (512 b) | O ; 0x0000 8000 -+-----------------------+ DISK_IMAGE ; | DISK IMAGE (608 K) | d ; : : e ; | | t ; 0x000a 0000 -+-----------------------+ a ; | UNUSED (384K) | c ; : : i ; | | d ; 0x000f f000 -+-----------------------+ e D March 2011 (http://www.lisha.ufsc.br) 3 EPOS Bootstrap: Notes m e t s Code to be ran at real mode (16 bits) y S Interrupts (IDT) ● g At real mode, always at 0x0000 n ● i At protected mode, anywhere (IDTR) t a Segmentation (GDT) r ● e Always -
Assignment Solutions
Week 1: Assignment Solutions 1. Which of the following statements are true? a. The ENIAC computer was built using mechanical relays. b. Harvard Mark1 computer was built using mechanical relays. c. PASCALINE computer could multiply and divide numbers by repeated addition and subtraction. d. Charles Babbage built his automatic computing engine in 19th century. Solution: ((b) and (c)) ENIAC was built using vacuum tubes. Charles Babbage designed his automatic computing engine but could not built it. 2. Which of the following statements are true for Moore’s law? a. Moore’s law predicts that power dissipation will double every 18 months. b. Moore’s law predicts that the number of transistors per chip will double every 18 months. c. Moore’s law predicts that the speed of VLSI circuits will double every 18 months. d. None of the above. Solution: (b) Moore’s law only predicts that number of transistors per chip will double every 18 months. 3. Which of the following generates the necessary signals required to execute an instruction in a computer? a. Arithmetic and Logic Unit b. Memory Unit c. Control Unit d. Input/Output Unit Solution: (c) Control unit acts as the nerve center of a computer and generates the necessary control signals required to execute an instruction. 4. An instruction ADD R1, A is stored at memory location 4004H. R1 is a processor register and A is a memory location with address 400CH. Each instruction is 32-bit long. What will be the values of PC, IR and MAR during execution of the instruction? a. -
CISC Processor - Intel X86
Architecture of Computers and Parallel Systems Part 4: Intel x86 History Ing. Petr Olivka [email protected] Department of Computer Science FEI VSB-TUO Architecture of Computers and Parallel Systems Part 4: Intel x86 History Ing. Petr Olivka [email protected] Department of Computer Science FEI VSB-TUO Architecture of Computers and Parallel Systems Part 4: Intel x86 History Ing. Petr Olivka [email protected] Department of Computer Science FEI VSB-TUO CISC Processor - Intel x86 This chapter will introduce the CISC processors evolution. We will try to illustrate the history on one typical processor, because the comparison of multiple processors simultaneously would not be clear for readers. But the selection of one typical processor is complicated due to a variety of products and manufactures in the past 30 years. We have decided to describe in this presentation one of the best- known and longest mass-produced processors in existence. We definitely do not want to say that it is the best technology or that these are processors with the highest performance! The Intel x86 processors are the selected product line. Intel 8080 (Year-Technology-Transistors-Frequency-Data bus-Address Bus) Y: 1974 T: NMOS 6μm Tr: 6000 F: 2MHz D: 8b A: 16b This 8 bit processor is not directly the first member of x86 series, but it can not be skipped. It is one of the first commercially successful microprocessors. This microprocessor became the basis for a number of the first single-board computers and its instruction set inspired other manufacturers to develop 8-bit processors. -
How Microprocessors Work E 1 of 64 ZM
How Microprocessors Work e 1 of 64 ZM How Microprocessors Work ZAHIDMEHBOOB +923215020706 [email protected] 2003 BS(IT) PRESTION UNIVERSITY How Microprocessors Work The computer you are using to read this page uses a microprocessor to do its work. The microprocessor is the heart of any normal computer, whether it is a desktop machine, a server or a laptop. The microprocessor you are using might be a Pentium, a K6, a PowerPC, a Sparc or any of the many other brands and types of microprocessors, but they all do approximately the same thing in approximately the same way. If you have ever wondered what the microprocessor in your computer is doing, or if you have ever wondered about the differences between types of microprocessors, then read on. Microprocessor History A microprocessor -- also known as a CPU or central processing unit -- is a complete computation engine that is fabricated on a single chip. The first microprocessor was the Intel [email protected] +923215020706 (2003) How Microprocessors Work e 2 of 64 ZM 4004, introduced in 1971. The 4004 was not very powerful -- all it could do was add and subtract, and it could only do that 4 bits at a time. But it was amazing that everything was on one chip. Prior to the 4004, engineers built computers either from collections of chips or from discrete components (transistors wired one at a time). The 4004 powered one of the first portable electronic calculators. The first microprocessor to make it into a home computer was the Intel 8080, a complete 8- bit computer on one chip, introduced in 1974. -
Computing :: Operatingsystems :: DOS Beyond 640K 2Nd
DOS® Beyond 640K 2nd Edition DOS® Beyond 640K 2nd Edition James S. Forney Windcrest®/McGraw-Hill SECOND EDITION FIRST PRINTING © 1992 by James S. Forney. First Edition © 1989 by James S. Forney. Published by Windcrest Books, an imprint of TAB Books. TAB Books is a division of McGraw-Hill, Inc. The name "Windcrest" is a registered trademark of TAB Books. Printed in the United States of America. All rights reserved. The publisher takes no responsibility for the use of any of the materials or methods described in this book, nor for the products thereof. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Forney, James. DOS beyond 640K / by James S. Forney. - 2nd ed. p. cm. Rev. ed. of: MS-DOS beyond 640K. Includes index. ISBN 0-8306-9717-9 ISBN 0-8306-3744-3 (pbk.) 1. Operating systems (Computers) 2. MS-DOS (Computer file) 3. PC -DOS (Computer file) 4. Random access memory. I. Forney, James. MS-DOS beyond 640K. II. Title. QA76.76.063F644 1991 0058.4'3--dc20 91-24629 CIP TAB Books offers software for sale. For information and a catalog, please contact TAB Software Department, Blue Ridge Summit, PA 17294-0850. Acquisitions Editor: Stephen Moore Production: Katherine G. Brown Book Design: Jaclyn J. Boone Cover: Sandra Blair Design, Harrisburg, PA WTl To Sheila Contents Preface Xlll Acknowledgments xv Introduction xvii Chapter 1. The unexpanded system 1 Physical limits of the system 2 The physical machine 5 Life beyond 640K 7 The operating system 10 Evolution: a two-way street 12 What else is in there? 13 Out of hiding 13 Chapter 2.