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Centro de chmmtInvestigaciones Energdticas, Medioambientales y Tecnoldgicas V#jzCEQVED The Spanish WindEnergy Situation '' . ~PRo 5 1\99 andcomparisonWithPortugal and The Netherlands M.Varela R! Gonzilez Informes Ticnicos Ciemat 884 marzo, 1999 Mormes Ticnicos Ciemat mano, 1999 The Spanish WindEnergy Situation and ComparisonWithPortugal and TheNetherlands M.Varela R. Gonzilez Instituto de Estudios de la Energia DISCLA1 M ER Portions of this document may be illegible in electronic image products. Images are produced from the best available original document. Toda correspondenica en relacibn con este trabajo debe dirigirse a1 Servicio de Informaci6n y Documentaci6n, Centro de lnvestigaciones Energeticas, Medioambientales y Tecnol6gicas, Ciudad Universitaria,28040-MADRID, ESPAfiA. Las solicitudes de ejemplares deben dirigirse a este mismo Servicio. Los descriptores se han seleccionadodel Thesauro del DOE para describir las materias que contiene este informe con vistas a su recuperacion. La catalogacion se ha hecho utilizando el documento DOEITIC-4602 (Rev. 1) Descriptive Cataloguing On-Line, y la clasificaci6n de acuerdo con el documento DOE/TIC.4584-R7 Subject Categories and Scope publicados por el Office of Scientific and Technical Information del Departamento de Energia de 10s Estdos Unidos. Se autoriza la reproduccion de 10s resljrnenes analiticos que aparecen en esta publicaci6n. Deposit0 Legal: M -14226-1995 ISSN: I 135 - 9430 NIPO: 238-99-003-5 Editorial CIEMAT CLASIFICACION DOE Y DESCRIPTORES 170400 ENERGY CONVERSION; WIND POWER; WIND POWER PLANTS; WIND POWER INDUSTRY; SPAIN; PORTUGAL,; THE NETHElUANDS; “The Spanish Wind Energy Situation and Comparison with Portugal and The Netherlands” Varela, M. y Gonzalez, R. 52 pp. 10 figs. 12 refs. Abstract: This report review the institutional and legal framework of wind energy in Spain as well as the current market situation, consideringthe geographical distribution of power, its past evolution, what are the Spanish foreseen wind power.. .. A review of main actor within the wind market: suppliers, promoters, administrative bodies, is also performed. The second part of the report carries out a comparison of the Spanish wind energy situation with the current conditions in Portugal and The Netherlands. These two countries present different levels of wind develop- ment with also different approaches to wind energy integration. Finally, the report states some differences and weak points comparing their wind energy situation with the Spanish one. “SituaciBn de la Energia E6lica en Espafia y Comparacih con Portugal y Holanda” Varela, M. y Gonzalez, R. 52 pp. 10 figs. 12 refs. Resumen: Este informe revisa la situaci6n legal e institucional de la energia e6lica en Espaiia, asi como la situaci6n actual del mercado, considerando la distribuci6n geogrhfica de la potencia, su evoluci6n pasada, cuales son las previsiones de potencia eblica en Espaiia,. .. Se realiza tarnbikn una revisi6n de 10s principales actores dentro del mercado e6lico: fabricantes, promotores, administraciones pfiblicas, .. La segunda parte del informe realiza una comparaci6n de la situaci6n de la energia e6lica en Espaiia en comparaci6n con las condiciones actuales en Portugal y Holanda. Estos dos paises tienen diferentes niveles de desarrollo e6lico y poseen tambien distintas aproximaciones hacia la integraci6n de la energia e6lica. Finalmente, el informe establece algunas diferencias y puntos debiles de la situaci6n de la energia e6lica en comparaci6n con la situaci6n espaiiola. TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................... 5 2. WIND ENERGY INSTALLATION PLANNING ................................................................ 6 2.1. PLAN OF PROMOTION OF RENEWABLE ENERGIES IN SPAIN .............................................. 9 2.2. THE ALTENER LI PROGRAM ............................................................................................... 12 3 .PUBLIC SUBSIDIES ............................................................................................................ 13 4 .OPERATION OF WINDFARMS........................................................................................ 14 5. LICENSING PROCEDURES.............................................................................................. 18 6 .PUBLIC AUTHORITIES OR PEOPLE'S INVOLVEMENT ............... ;.......................... 21 7 .COMPARISON BETWEEN WIND ENERGY SITUATION IN SPAIN AND PORTUGAL .............................................................................................................................. 23 7.1. BACKGROUND..................................................................................................................... 23 7.2. GOVERNMENT POLICY....................................................................................................... 25 7.3. PLANNING SYSTEM ............................................................................................................. 26 7.4. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTASSEsSMENT .......................................................................... 26 7.5. PLANNING A WIND FARM .................................................................................................. 27 8 .COMPARISON WITH THE NETHERLANDS ................................................................ 27 8.1. BACKGROUND..................................................................................................................... 27 8.2. THE PLANNINGSYSTEM ..................................................................................................... 30 8.3. PLANNINGA WINDFARM .................................................................................................. 31 9. CONCLUSIONS ................................................................................................................... 31 10. REFERENCES .................................................................................................................... 33 ANNEX ..................................................................................................................................... 34 A.l. SPANISH MINISTRY OF ENERGY .............................................................................. 35 A.2. ARAGON ........................................................................................................................... 39 A.3. CANARY ISLANDS ......................................................................................................... 40 A.4. CASTILLA Y LEON ........................................................................................................ 43 A.5. GALICIA ........................................................................................................................... 44 A.6. BALEARES ....................................................................................................................... 45 A.7. NAVARRA ......................................................................................................................... 45 A.8. ANDALUCIA ..................................................................................................................... 45 A.9. LA RIOJA .......................................................................................................................... 48 A.lO. EXTREMADURA........................................................................................................... 48 The Spanish Wind Energy Situation CIEMAT - IEE 1. INTRODUCTION The strategy followed for the development of wind energy in Spain has been implemented in several steps. During the period 1980 to 1985, the progress was focused in the assessment of the national resources and also in the development of the national technology. As a result of the programs (national, and utilities program), two of the present leaders of the Spanish industry, MADE and ECOTECNIA emerged with wind turbines developed in the range of the 20-30 kW. During the period 1985-90, the continuation of the resource assessment at regional level and the Demonstration Program launched by the public organization IDAE (Institute for Diversification and Saving of Energy) for installation of several small wind farms allow the consolidation of the new created industry. At that time, CEMAT, the main public research center in the field of energy research in Spain, started activities in wind energy trough the development of the AWEC-60 project (a 60m diameter, 1200 kW wind turbine) inside the R&D program of the DG XII of the European Union. During the period 1990-95, a definitive impulse was done (once Spanish industry was ready to fulfill the requirements of future market) through the publication of the Royal Decree 2366/1994 that guarantees the electricity price to be paid by utilities to wind power plants. That was the beginning of the new era of wind energy in the country. This Decree could be considered as the crucial point for the take off campaign of wind energy in Spain. It has contributed to attract the interest of utilities and private investors to wind energy and to establish a secure environment to wind investments at least for 5 years (the lifetime of the first Decree). The list of wind energy promoters has increased considerably taking into account this Decree and also the excellent wind resources and the strong position of wind manufacturers in Spain. Nowadays, besides the national promoters also international pension and investment
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