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Special Publication 06-05

NATIVE AND NATURALIZED OF A CHECKLIST AND DESCRIPTION

Wayne S Johnson, Associate Professor, Department of Resource Economics, College of Agriculture, Biotechnology & Natural Resources; Urban Forestry Specialist, University of Nevada Cooperative Extension Sue Strom, Urban Forestry Program Assistant, University of Nevada, Reno Patricia Rowley, Urban Forestry Volunteer Development Coordinator, University of Nevada Cooperative Extension Taylor Nelson, Research Assistant, University of Nevada, Reno

This checklist is offered to increase year. With much adaptability among species, awareness of native and naturalized conifers some conifers can survive in very low present in Nevada. Native conifers are those precipitation zones. However, most plantings found growing naturally in Nevada. require supplemental irrigation during and after Naturalized conifers are those introduced into establishment for best performance in a Nevada that are reproducing without human landscape. assistance in natural environs. They grow Junipers and the subalpine tolerate a above valleys on steppe or mountain slopes, wider range of soil salts than other conifers but many of these can be grown in urban found in Nevada. The alpine conifers prefer and community forests throughout Nevada. acid soils, but with few exceptions will grow in This is particularly so when large parks, travel soils with a pH less than pH 8. Most of the rest and utility corridors, and other areas are being tolerate the moderate alkaline soils in Nevada. restored or left “natural.” Native and naturalized species, such With few exceptions, when planting native as conifers, are important to all forms of life, and naturalized conifers, the site should mimic including vertebrates (large and small the natural environment of the species as mammals, birds, and fish) and invertebrates closely as possible. Choosing the appropriate (insects, worms, mollusks, and others). tree to mature in a landscape is important for Most of these trees will grow too large to be long term success. Soil conditions, moisture used in small and moderate yards or availability, and exposure are key components landscapes. They would be best used in of natural and constructed sites. Conifers parks, green belts, recreational facilities, and require well-drained soils; they decline and die along freeways. in wet soils. In nature, they develop extensive Tree is defined as a woody perennial with root systems that adapt to winter moisture and typically one main stem that grows to a mature periodic precipitation during the rest of the height of at least 15 feet.

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Tree Name Nevada Location Habitat Average Size Comments

Cypress Family – Cupressaceae Incense-cedar grows in many soils and western climates as a Found in the Carson narrow, pyramidal tree. Its scale This tree grows from Range of the Sierra leaves form flat sprays of rich 4,500 to 7,800 ft. in Nevada, Washoe, Carson yellow-green, aromatic foliage. Incense-cedar mixed coniferous forests Height: 75 to 90 ft. City, and Douglas The deeply, irregularly furrowed Calocedrus decurrens within canyons and Spread: 10 to 20 ft. counties and on Peavine bark is reddish brown. When hollows; also near Lake Mountain, Washoe open, its small cones look like a Tahoe’s shore. County. duck’s bill. The red heartwood is aromatic, rot resistant and is used in cedar chests.

The pyramidal Smooth Cypress has silvery, blue-green foliage with rough, red or brown Arizona Smooth Cypress It occupies dry, rocky to gray, exfoliating, patterned Cupressus arizonica Grows in the Virgin slopes and canyon walls Height: 16 to 40 ft. bark. The seed cones are small, var. glabra Mountains, Clark County. often growing with oaks, Spread: up to 20 ft. round to oval, and dull gray to

from 4,600 to 6,800 ft. brown. The few nonnative trees Naturalized found in the Virgin Mountains most likely naturalized from a homestead in Cabin Canyon.

A low growing, multi-stemmed, Inhabits dry slopes and shrubby tree, Juniper Located in the Newberry flats, often growing with has yellowish to bright green California Juniper Mountains, in the extreme Height: 3 to 20 ft. piñons, junipers and foliage with bright blue, berry-like Juniperus californica southern portion of Clark Spread: up to 20 ft. yuccas, from 2,500 to cones that turn brown, hard, and County. 3,600 ft. are one- to two-seeded. This native is rare in Nevada. Incense Cedar Arizona Smooth Cypress

Arizona Smooth Cypress has a pyramidal shape with red to brown to gray bark. Bark is uniquely red, brown and gray patterned. Round, grayish brown seed cones grow amongst blue- green foliage.

Incense-cedar is pyramidal in shape with sprays of yellow-green foliage and deeply furrowed bark. Its small cone resembles a duck’s bill when open.

California Juniper

The California Juniper is low growing and multi-stemmed. With age, the bark turns gray and may peel off in loose strips. Bright blue, berry-like cones grow among the yellowish green foliage.

California Juniper photos: ©2005, Michael L. Charters www.calflora.net, 4/12/06.

Tree Name Nevada Location Habitat Average Size Comments

Cypress Family – Cupressaceae Grows in subalpine In Nevada, Common Juniper forests of eastern grows as a shrub, forming a mat Found in Clark, Elko, Nevada on rocky, with bright green, sharp-pointed, Common Juniper Height: 3 ft. or less. Eureka, and White exposed slopes and in awl-like foliage, with a white Juniperus communis Spread: 4 to 10 ft. counties. mixed coniferous forests center stripe. It has red-brown of the Spring Mountains, bark, and blue to black, berry-like from 6,800 to 11,200 ft. cones with one to three seeds.

Very rare in Nevada, it has been found in Robinson Oneseed Juniper is a slow Occurs in piñon-juniper Canyon, White Pine growing, shrubby tree with dry, woodlands on dry, Oneseed Juniper County. Growing in Height: 10 to 30 ft. shedding bark. It has yellow- exposed slopes in rocky Juniperus monosperma Arizona and , along Spread: 10 to 30 ft. green, scale-like leaves and soil, from 3,000 to 5,500 the Nevada border, it may produces small, dusty blue, berry- ft. have spread into Clark like cones with one seed. County.

The long-lived Sierra and Western Junipers have gray- Sierra Juniper Found in high Grows in Churchill, green, scaly, fragrant leaves with Juniperus occidentalis sagebrush, steppe or Douglas, Elko, Eureka, two- to three-seeded, dusty blue, var. australis mountain brush Humboldt, Lander, Lyon, Height: 20 to 65 ft. berry-like cones. Their trunks are communities, from 4,100 Mineral, Nye, Pershing, Spread: 30 to 50 ft. massive size. The two varieties Western Juniper to 10,000 ft. Tolerates Storey, and Washoe are found growing together in J. o. var. occidentalis dry, well-drained, rocky counties. Nevada. Sierra Juniper has soils. reddish brown bark and Western Juniper has gray bark.

Common Juniper Oneseed Juniper Common Juniper grows as a mat-forming shrub in Nevada with green, needle-like foliage that has a white center stripe. It has blue to black berry-like cones.

Common Juniper Photos: Dave Powell, USDA Forest Service, Image 1215011 & 1213003, www.forestryimages.org, 12/8/05. Oneseed Juniper has dry, furrowed Sierra and Western Junipers bark that scales in long strips, yellow-green, scale-like leaves, and Long-lived Sierra dusty blue, berry-like cones. and Western Junipers have fragrant foliage, blue, berry-like cones, and large trunks. The Western Juniper pictured to the left has gray bark. 4/18/06. 4/18/06. , ov g lants.usda. p Susan McDougall @ USDA-NRCS Database, Database, PLANTS @ USDA-NRCS Susan McDougall www.

Tree Name Nevada Location Habitat Average Size Comments

Cypress Family – Cupressaceae Grows in all but the Utah Juniper is extremely hardy highest elevations of and is resistant to drought and piñon-juniper insect pests. A rounded shrub or The most widespread of woodlands. It forms tree, it has stiff, coarse, yellow- all the Nevada conifers, it pure stands at altitudes green foliage that has a pungent occurs in all 17 Nevada Utah Juniper below piñon-juniper Height: 4 to 30 ft. odor when crushed. Its large, counties, but is absent Juniperus osteosperma communities and grows Spread: 10 to 30 ft. berry-like cones are dusty blue, from mountain ranges in elsewhere as a single turning brown and hard with one northwestern and north- tree above the desert, to two seeds. Gray-brown, central Nevada. from 2,500 to 9,200 ft. exfoliating (thin strips) bark ages Tolerates dry, well- to ash white. It is used for drained soils. firewood and fence posts.

Rocky Mountain and Utah Junipers are called “cedars” due to their aroma and deep red Grows along stream heartwood. Rocky Mountain banks and ridges and in Juniper has gray-green foliage Found across eastern dry, rocky canyons with and small, berry-like, frosted blue Nevada from the Jarbidge pines from 5,200 to cones with two seeds. Grown in Mountains to the 9,200 ft. A unique Rocky Mountain Juniper Height: 26 to 40 ft. the sun, it forms a broad, Charleston Mountains, population, possibly a Juniperus scopulorum Spread: 10 to 20 ft. pyramidal tree. In shade, it including Elko, Eureka, subgroup, called swamp produces sparse, infrequent White Pine, Lincoln, Nye, cedar is found in Spring branches. It has gray, shedding and Clark counties. Valley, White Pine bark on its trunk and limbs. Its County. Does well in dry wood is often used for fence sites with good drainage. posts and to line cedar chests. Many ornamental are available.

Utah Juniper Rocky Mountain Juniper

Hardy Utah Juniper forms a rounded shrub or tree. It has shreddy, gray-brown bark and yellow-green foliage. Its large, berry- like cones turn from blue to dusty bronze as they age.

Rocky Mountain Juniper has gray- green foliage and small, frosty blue, berry-like cones. When grown in the sun, it forms a 4/13/06. 4/13/06. ,

broad, pyramidal y/ tree. forestr / Forestry Extension, Forestry ://extension.usu.edu p Utah State University htt

Tree Name Nevada Location Habitat Average Size Comments

Pine Family – Found in Carson City, Clark, Douglas, Elko, Lincoln, Lyon, Nye, The Rocky Mountain White Fir is Storey, Washoe, and The California White Fir smaller with a broader, pyramidal The California White White Pine counties, the grows in pine forests shape and waxy, blue foliage Rocky Mountain White Fir grows from 80 to California White Fir is along the eastern side of compared to the California White Fir 120 ft. tall or taller. common in the Carson the . Fir, which is a very tall, narrow, Its spread is 15 to 20 Range of the Sierra Rocky Mountain White spire-like tree with dark blue var. concolor ft. Rocky Mountain Nevada to the Sweetwater Fir grows in the pine foliage. Both have 1 to 2 in. long, White Fir is smaller, Mountains in Lyon County. forests of eastern flat needles, dark, furrowed bark California White Fir growing up to 80 ft. The Rocky Mountain Nevada. They range in and 3 to 4 in. long gray-green to A. c. var. lowiana with a spread of less White Fir is found in the elevations from 6,000 to brownish purple, upright than 20 ft. Pilot Range of Elko 9,500 ft. deciduous cones. Cultivars are County south to the Spring available in nurseries. Mountains in Clark County.

The Subalpine Fir is distinctive for its tall, narrow, steeple-like shape; however, above the timberline, it This tree commonly grows takes on a more sprawling form. in the Jarbidge Mountains It grows in the spruce-fir With gray bark, it has 1 to 3 in. of Elko County, but is also subalpine forests to Subalpine Fir Height: 60 to 100 ft. long, blue-green, flat needles, found at timberline in the timberline in cool, moist Abies lasiocarpa Spread: 10 to 20 ft. and bears dark purple, barrel- higher mountains of sites at elevations from shaped, upright cones, Lincoln, Nye, and White 6,040 to 10,000 ft. approximately 2 ½ to 4 in. in Pine counties. length. This tree is also known as Alpine Fir, and in Elko County as Balsam Fir.

Rocky Mountain and California White Firs

Rocky Mountain and California White Firs have flat, blue needles. Their upright cones are deciduous. These California White Firs at (right) have a tall, narrow form. Dave Powell, USDA Forest Service, Image 1214084, 1214084, Image Service, Forest Dave Powell, USDA 4/13/06. images.org, www.forestry

Subalpine Fir 4/13/06. 4/13/06. , g es.or g ima y

This young Subalpine Fir (left) already takes on a narrow steeple-

like shape. Subalpine Firs have dark purple, barrel-shaped, upright 0808063, Image Service, Dave Powell, USDA Forest www.forestr cones and blue-green, flat needles.

Tree Name Nevada Location Habitat Average Size Comments

Pine Family – Pinaceae A very tall, pyramidal-shaped tree, the Red Fir develops thick, It prefers pine forests at This tree occurs in the furrowed, reddish purple bark as high elevations (6,500 to Carson Range of the Height: 150 to over it ages. Its brown, upright cones Red Fir 8,880 ft.), where the Sierra Nevada in Carson 200 ft. are 5 to 8 in. long. Four-sided Abies magnifica snow cover lasts until City, Douglas, and Spread: 15 to 20 ft. (rather than flat), 1 in. long, green July and the summers Washoe counties. needles produce silvery new tips are cool and dry. of growth, and thus this tree is sometimes called Silver Tip Fir. Engelmann Spruce is the only native spruce in Nevada. Tall It grows along the Common in the Snake and straight, this pyramidal- timberline at elevations Range of White Pine shaped tree has dark green, 1 in. from 8,000 to 11,600 ft. County, it is also found in needles. At higher altitudes, its Engelmann Spruce in meadows and talus Height: 100 to 160 ft. the Schell Creek Range of shape may be shrubby. Mature Picea englemannii slopes. It forms Spread: 20 to 25 ft. White Pine County and bark is thin and flakes off to (stunted the Pilot Range and Ruby reveal pinkish underbark. Small, growth) at highest Mountains of Elko County. bright red cones enlarge and elevations. mature, as brown, tough, papery cones, 1 to 2 in. long.

The form of a Whitebark Pine can vary from an open growing, erect It is scattered throughout This tree grows west of tree to a more sprawling, prostate alpine and subalpine the Lahontan Basin, in plant. Its trunk is often crooked forests to timberline Whitebark Pine Carson City, Douglas, Height: 16 to 50 ft. with white or light-colored bark. where it grows in dry, Elko, Humboldt, Mineral, Spread: 8 to 25 ft. Its needles are dark green, 1 ½ to rocky areas, draws and Storey, and Washoe 3 in. long, and grow in clusters of ridges, from 6,800 to counties. fives. The 1 ½ to 3 in., rounded, 10,500 ft. purple cones grow on the ends of its upswept branches.

Red Fir Engelmann Spruce

Red Fir’s green needles are four-sided.

/index.html, 4/24/06. /index.html, Engelmann Spruce is tall and thin with dark green needles that have a rank odor when crushed. Mature bark is thin and flakes off.

Ed Jensen, State Oregon Jensen, Ed University www.oregonstate.edu/trees

Whitebark Pine Jeff Bisbee

Red Fir is a pyramidal-shaped tree with reddish purple bark and upright cones. Whitebark Pine has light-colored bark and often a crooked trunk. Its rounded cones grow on the ends of branches.

All other Red Fir photos: Susan McDougall @ USDA-NRCS PLANTS Database, Whitebark Pine Photos: Dave Powell, USDA Forest Service, www.plants.nrcs.usda.gov, 4/19/06. Image 1359066 & 0808064, www.forestryimages.org, 4/19/06.

Tree Name Nevada Location Habitat Average Size Comments

Pine Family – Pinaceae A tall, narrow tree, the Lodgepole Pine is also known as Tamarack Lodgepole Pine is found in Pine. Its yellow-green needles It grows in moist areas Lodgepole Pine Carson City, Douglas, grow in clusters of two and are 1 at meadow edges and Height: 20 to 65 ft. Esmeralda, Lyon, Mineral, ½ to 3 in. long. Mature bark is stream sides, from 5,000 Spread: 15 to 25 ft. var. murrayana Storey, and Washoe light-colored and flaky. The to 9,200 ft. counties. cones, which are less than 2 in. in length, become grayish brown and twisted when mature.

May grow near The Piñon Pine is Searchlight, Clark County. bushy in shape and has ¾ to Grows on plateaus, Those described in 1 ½ in. long, stiff, twisted, dark mesas, canyon walls, Colorado Piñon Pine Lincoln and east Clark Height: 20 to 40 ft. green needles that usually grow slopes, and foothills in counties are now Spread: 8 to 20 ft. in twos. It has orange-brown, arid, shallow, rocky soil considered two-needled oblong cones that are ½ to 2 in. in from 2,700 to 7,800 ft. forms of Pinus length. It produces large edible monophylla. seeds.

A straggly, pyramidal shaped This tree is found tree, Limber Pine has 1 ½ to 3 in. throughout central and long, blue-green needles that eastern Nevada, Clark, It grows on windy, dry grow in clusters of five. It has Limber Pine Elko, Esmeralda, Eureka, slopes and ridges of Height: 26 to 50 ft. yellow-brown cones that are 3 to Humboldt, Lander, high mountains at 6,000 Spread: 15 to 25 ft. 12 in. long. Its limbs droop at an Lincoln, Lyon, Mineral, to 11,500 ft. angle near its trunk. Mature bark Nye, and White Pine is dark brown and deeply counties. furrowed, forming rectangular plates.

Lodgepole Pine Colorado Piñon Pine Limber Pine

Limber Pine’s needles grow in clusters of five and its cones are 3 to 12 inches long. It forms a scraggly pyramid.

Lodgepole Pine grows as a tall, narrow tree with yellow-green needles. Colorado Piñon Mature bark is Pine is a dense light-colored tree with needles and flaky. that usually grow in twos along its branches. Its cones produce

edible seeds. 4/21/06. www.pinetum.org, Bisbee, Jeff

Tree Name Nevada Location Habitat Average Size Comments

Pine Family – Pinaceae A tall, pyramidal tree, Jeffrey Pine has aromatic, reddish brown bark. Its blue-green needles grow in Native to Carson City, Jeffrey Pine likes dry clusters of three, are 5 to 8 in. Jeffrey Pine Douglas, Lyon, Mineral, Height: 32 to 150 ft. forests from 4,500 to long, and have a pineapple odor Pinus jeffreyi Storey, and Washoe Spread: 20 to 25 ft. 9,100 ft. when crushed. The reddish counties. brown cones are 2 ½ in. to 4 in. long and have incurved spines at the ends of the cone scales.

Grows on the Carson A straight, narrow pyramid, Sugar Range of the Sierra Pine grows more pendulous and Nevada, around Lake This tree prefers cool, open with age. Its needles are Sugar Pine Tahoe, Carson City, moist sites of steep Height: 130 to165 ft. gray-green to bluish green, grow Pinus lambertiana Douglas, and Washoe mountains at 5,200 to Spread: 50 ft. in clusters of five, and are 3 to 4 counties and on Peavine 7,000 ft elevations. in. long. The light brown cones Mountain, Washoe that form on branch ends are County. cylindrical and 10 to 20 in. long.

Great Basin has deep green, aromatic, 1 in. long needles in clusters of five. It has This tree is found in Clark, It grows on exposed two lengthwise resin ducts and Bristlecone Pine Elko, Esmeralda, Eureka, limestone or dolomite lacks conspicuous resin deposits. Height: 16 to 60 ft. Lander, Lincoln, Mineral, areas of high mountain The 3 to 4 in. long, brown cones Spread: 15 to 20 ft. Nye, and White Pine peaks, near timberline are purplish when immature. Its (One of two state trees) counties. from 6,760 to 11,600 ft. trunk is often multiple and twisted and can be quite thick, up to 5 ft. in diameter. Long-lived; some trees are over 3,000 years old.

Jeffrey Pine Sugar Pine

Tall, pyramidal Jeffrey Pine has reddish brown cones with incurved prickles. Its reddish brown bark is aromatic.

Jeff Bisbee Straight and narrow in shape, the Sugar Pine has gray-green needles and long, cylindrical cones.

Gary A. Monroe @ USDA-NRCS PLANTS Database, www.plants.usda.gov, 4/20/06. 4/20/06. www.plants.usda.gov, Great Basin Bristlecone Pine

Left, Great Basin Bristlecone Pines (pinus longaeva) growing near the timberline. Above and right, Bristlecone Pines grown in local landscapes are commonly Rocky Mountain Bristlecone Pines (pinus

James R. Bouldin, www.en.wikipedia.org, 4/19/06 aristata).

Tree Name Nevada Location Habitat Average Size Comments

Pine Family – Pinaceae Slow growing and hardy, the Single-leaf Piñon Pine also withstands heat and aridity. It Rare north of the Truckee Single-leaf Piñon Pine has ¾ to 1 ½ in. long, gray-green and Humboldt Rivers, it is It grows in open, dry, Height: 10 to 40 ft. needles and 2 to 3 in., light brown found in all Nevada desert mountain slopes Spread: 10 to 15 ft. cones. As a young tree, it is counties except Pershing at 2,800 to 8,740 ft. (One of two state trees) narrow and symmetrical, but as it and Humboldt. matures it becomes more open and rounded with a crooked trunk. Pyramidal in shape, the has spreading, Found west of the It prefers poor mountain drooping branches and dark gray Lahontan Basin, it grows soils with adequate Western White Pine Height: 65 to 80 ft. bark. Its blue-green needles are in Carson City, Douglas, moisture at elevations Pinus monticola Spread: 20 ft. 1 ½ to 4 in. long and grow in Storey, and Washoe between 5,400 to clusters of five. Yellow-brown, 5 counties. 9,200 ft. to 10 in. long cones hang in clusters from mature trees.

The Pacific Ponderosa Spire-like and stately, the Pine grows in small stands Ponderosa Pine has yellow-green Pacific Ponderosa Pine in the Carson Range and to dark green needles and 3 to 5 within and west of the in., light brown, prickly cones. var. ponderosa Lahontan Basin in Mineral, They live on dry, rocky, Height: 50 to 100 ft. The Rocky Mountain Ponderosa Storey, and Washoe mountain slopes from or more. Pine has shorter needles (3 to 5 Rocky Mountain counties. Rocky Mountain 4,200 to 9,000 ft. Spread: 25 to 30 ft. in.) than the Pacific Ponderosa Ponderosa Pine Ponderosa Pine is more Pine (5 to 10 in.) Mature bark is P. p. var. scopulorum common in eastern and orange-brown and forms large southern Nevada, Clark, plates. Lincoln, and Nye counties. Single-leaf Piñon Pine

The Single-leaf Piñon withstands heat and aridity. It has gray-green needles and small brown cones. Gary A. Monroe @ USDA-NRCS PLANTS Database, 4/20/06. www.plants.usda.gov,

Western White Pine Pacific Ponderosa and Rocky Mountain Pines Western White Pine has blue- green needles that grow in clusters of five and dark gray Spire-like, bark. Its long cones hang from Pacific and Rocky its branches. Mountain Ponderosa Pines’ mature bark is orange-brown and forms large plates.

Its needles are yellow-green and its cones are prickly.

Tree Name Nevada Location Habitat Average Size Comments

Pine Family – Pinaceae Rare, Washoe Pine was extensively harvested in the late 19th century for use in mines. Its Washoe Pine grows along bark is yellow-brown and Galena Creek on Mt. Rose It grows in cool, moist Height: Less than shallowly furrowed. A spire- Washoe Pine and one tree was found in areas at 6,240 to 115 ft. shaped tree, it has dark green Pinus washoensis the Mosquito Mountains, 8,500 ft. Spread: 20 to 25 ft. needles that grow in clusters of Washoe County three and are 4 to 6 in. long.

Egg-shaped cones are 2 to 3 ½ in. long and reddish purple, turning brown when mature.

Rocky Mountain Douglas- This pyramidal fir has 1 ½ in. Rocky Mountain fir grows in Clark, Lincoln, long, dark green needles and red- Douglas-fir and White Pine counties. brown, cylindrical, 2 to 3 ½ in. They prefer moist, Pseudotsuga menziesi Planted populations are cones with an extended, three- northern, steep Height: 80 to 160 ft. var. glauca found in Lander and parted bract. Its bark is dark mountain sides at 6,240 Spread: 20 to 30 ft. Humboldt counties. One brown, thick, and deeply to 9,800 ft. Pacific Douglas-fir very old individual Pacific furrowed. The Pacific Douglas-fir, P. m. var. menziesii Douglas-fir grows at Lake has been harvested to near Tahoe, Douglas County. extinction in northern Nevada.

Graceful, sweeping branches form the pyramidal shape of the This tree grows in the Mountain Hemlock. With dark Carson Range of the High mountains with brown bark, its needles are ½ to 1 Mountain Hemlock Sierra Nevada in Carson cool, dry slopes between Height: 32 to 50 ft. in. long and are silvery, blue- Tsuga mertensiana City and Douglas counties 7,920 to 9,650 ft. are the Spread: 15 to 20 ft. green. Reddish brown, oblong and on Peavine Mountain, home of this tree. cones hang in great numbers Washoe County. from its outer limbs and are ½ in. to 3 in. in length. Washoe Pine Rocky Mountain Douglas-fir Mountain Hemlock

The Rocky Mountain Douglas-fir has long needles, a cylindrical cone, and thick, deeply The rare, spire- furrowed shaped Washoe bark. Pine has yellow- Mountain Hemlock brown, furrowed has sweeping bark, long green branches and oblong needles, and cones that hang cones that from its outer limbs. mature from reddish purple to brown.

Mountain Hemlock photos: Washoe Pine photos: Susan McDougall @ USDA-NRCS PLANTS Database, Jeff Bisbee, www.pinetum.org, 4/20/06. www.plants.usda.gov, 4/20/06. References: UNIVERSITY OF NEVADA COOPERATIVE EXTENSION OFFICES Benzel, K.N., ed., 2001. Sunset Western Carson City/Storey County Lincoln County Garden Book. Sunset Publishing 2621 Northgate Ln., Suite 15 360 Lincoln St. Corporation, Menlo Park, CA. Carson City, NV 89706-1619 Caliente, NV 89008-0728 (775) 887-2252 (775) 726-3109

Churchill County Lyon County Charlet, D.A. 1996. Atlas of Nevada Conifers. 111 Sheckler Rd. 504 S. Main St. University of Nevada Press, Reno, NV. Fallon, NV 89406-8951 Yerington, NV 89447-0811 (775) 423-5121 (775) 463-6541 Clark County Mineral County Hickman, J.C., ed. 1993. The Jepson Manual, 8050 S. Maryland Pkwy., Suite 100 314 5th St. Las Vegas, NV 89123-0855 Hawthorne, NV 89415 Higher Plants of California. University of (702) 222-3130 (775) 945-3444 California Press, Berkeley & Los Angeles, CA. Northeast Clark County No. Nye County/Esmeralda County 1897 N. Moapa Valley Blvd. 475 Saint Patrick St. Logandale, NV 89021-0126 Tonopah, NV 89049-0231 Kartesz, J.T. A Flora of Nevada. doctoral (702) 397-2604 (775) 482-5001 dissertation, University of Nevada, Reno, 1987. Douglas County So. Nye County 1329 Waterloo Ln. 1651 E. Calvada Blvd. Gardnerville, NV 89423-5385 Pahrump, NV 89048-5831 Lanner, R.M. 1984. Trees of the Great Basin, A (775) 782-9960 (775) 727-5532 Natural History. University of Nevada Press, Elko County Pershing County 701 Walnut St. 810 6th St. Reno, NV. Elko, NV 89801-5032 Lovelock, NV 89419-0239 (775) 738-7291 (775) 273-2923 Neartica.com, Inc. September 16, 2005, Eureka County Washoe County/Incline Village 701 S Main St. 865 Tahoe Blvd., Suite 110 www.nearctica.com/trees/conifers/index.htm. Eureka, NV 89316-0613 Incline Village, NV 89451-9449 (775) 237-5326 (775) 832-4150 Humboldt County Washoe County/Pyramid Lake Uncredited Photographs: 1085 Fairgrounds Rd. Paiute Tribe Winnemucca, NV 89445-2927 Nixon, NV 89424 Donna Macknet, Undergraduate Research (775) 623-6304 (775) 574-0101, ext. 28 Lander County Washoe County/Reno Assistant, University of Nevada, Reno. 815 North Second St. 5305 Mill St. Battle Mountain, NV 89820-2326 Reno, NV 89520-0027 Wayne S Johnson, Associate Professor, (775) 635-5565 (775) 784-4848 White Pine County Department of Resource Economics, College 995 Campton St. of Agriculture, Biotechnology & Natural Ely, NV 89301-0210 (775) 289-4459 Resources; Urban Forestry Specialist, University of Nevada Cooperative Extension.

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