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Chapter 8 The : Rock Offshoots and Responses

1. Rock offshoots and responses a. Rock culture gave the idea of the “rock star” a broad appeal b. Included a reaction to the excesses of corporate rock 2. Ancestors of punk (and new wave, industrial, hardcore, and ) a. Velvet Underground i. Not successful in commercial terms ii. Based in iii. focused on sexual deviancy, drug addiction, violence, and iv. Lead by singer/guitarist and avant-garde violist v. Self-consciously experimental b. Stooges i. Not successful in commercial terms ii. -based iii. Working class ancestors of iv. Lead by Iggy Stooge (a.k.a. ) v. Known for outrageous stage performances vi. Expressed sentiments of unemployed youth c. i. Not successful in commercial terms ii. Based in New York iii. Cross-dressing American band iv. Established core features of punk antifashion d. i. New York-based poet, journalist, and singer ii. First rock to regularly perform at in New York iii. Redefined gender roles in rock culture iv. Often cited as an influence for

3. Punk rock a. Originated in New York in the mid-1970s b. “Golden age of punk” lasted from 1975 to 1978 c. Rebellion against perceived artifice and pretension of corporate rock d. Exerted a strong influence on alternative rock e. Punk was as much a cultural style as musical f. Exploited rock ’n’ roll as a symbol of rebellion g. Opposed standards of traditional fashion but became a fashion system in its own right h. Offered an alternative to and its artistic ambitions i. Often purposefully “nonmusical” . Lyrics stressed dark and ironic subjects 4. a. The first bona-fide punk band b. Formed in 1974 in Queens, a borough of c. Influenced English punk bands and hardcore bands d. Led by (real name, “Joey Hyman”) e. Despite their stage names (all had the last name “Ramone”), they were not related f. Jeans and black leather evoked rebellious images of the 1950s g. Staged a in reverse in 1976 h. Known for short, fast with catchy hooks 5. a. Self-consciously artistic and exploratory b. Formed in 1974 by , , and in Rhode Island c. Attracted an audience of college students, artists, and critics d. First , Talking Heads: 77, achieved critical acclaim e. Influenced by minimalism (use of simple, repeated musical patterns) f. Projected an image of cerebral, nerdy college students g. David Byrne associated with music in the ’80s and ’90s h. Along with bands like Blondie, were identified with the term new wave 6. “ Killer” a. Features David Byrne’s trembling, high-pitched voice b. Lyrics delivered in a nervous, stream-of-consciousness manner c. Sung in French and English d. Includes an “inside” reference to the strangling of dancer and choreographer Isadora Duncan 7. The a. Along with and the Damned, exemplified ’70s British punk music b. Originally consisted of Glen Matlock (bass), (drums), (), and John Lydon (a.k.a. Johnny Rotten) c. Songs like “Anarchy for the U.K.” and “God Save the Queen (It’s a Fascist Regime) exemplified a nihilistic attitude 8. music a. Mix of Caribbean and American & b. First rock style to originate in the so-called Third World c. Popularized by the film The Harder They Come starring Jimmy Cliff d. Heart of is the interlocking “riddims” of the bass, guitar, and drums 9. Rastafarian movement a. Drew heavily on the work of Marcus Mosiah Garvey b. Associated with a “back to ” movement among black Americans c. Ethiopian Emperor Haile Selassie seen as a religious figure d. Associated with special terminology, use of marijuana, and “dreadlocks” e. Often adopted by “Rude Boys,” a Jamaican social category including anyone against “the system” 10. Jimmy Cliff a. Star of the film The Harder They Come b. The first Jamaican musician to gain recognition in the c. 1972 recording “The Harder They Come” exemplifies the reggae spirit of individual struggle against oppression 11. a. Led the Wailers b. Reggae’s most effective international ambassador c. Songs are rooted in Rastafarian beliefs d. Appeal and popularity has grown since his death in 1981 12. Popularization of reggae in the United States a. Majority of Americans became conscious of reggae in the mid- to late 1970s b. Eric Clapton’s cover of Marley’s “I Shot the Sheriff” helped popularize the genre c. The Wailers started playing instruments in the 1970s, a nod to the expectations of rock audiences d. Marley’s began featuring elaborate covers and extended rock guitar solos 13. music a. Represented a back-to-basics, dance-oriented approach b. Used as a label for characterized by strong dance- oriented c. Gave expression to the idea of dancing as the social backbone of urban black life d. The term funk comes from a central African term meaning “healthy sweat” e. ’s ’60s was an inspiration for ’70s funk bands f. Reached a pop audience in 1973 with the success of crossover bands like Kool and the Gang, Wild Cherry, and Ohio Players g. Exemplified by bands led by George Clinton (Parliament and Funkadelic) 14. Funkadelic/Parliament a. Bands led by funk musician George Clinton b. Known for spectacular stage shows c. Expressed an alternative black sensibility that reconfigured racial stereotypes as a positive moral force d. Frequently sampled by rap and rock musicians in the 15. The rise of a. In the 1970s was seen as the opposite of rock b. “Disco era” was 1975–1980 c. The term disco emerged from discotheque, which referenced European dance clubs d. Associated with urban black and Latino communities and increasingly visible gay communities e. Popularized by films like Saturday Night Fever (1977) f. Reinstated notions of hierarchy and classiness g. Inspired strong reactions (for and against) h. Some connect the antidisco movement with homophobia 16. Origins of rap music a. Rap emerged in the 1970s as part of hip-hop culture b. Forged by African American, Puerto Rican, and Caribbean American youth in New York City (especially the Bronx) c. Part of a cultural movement seen as a response to the destruction of the traditional family and a way to “civilize” a hostile urban environment d. Features inside references to particular neighborhoods and networks e. Pioneered by local DJs including f. Inspired by a long tradition of semi-improvised stories called “toasts” popular in black communities