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Measuring Progress Toward the Sustainable Development Goals in Urban Contexts in Colombia

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Measuring Progress Toward the Sustainable Development Goals in Urban Contexts in Colombia Measuring Progress Toward the Sustainable Development Goals in Urban Contexts in Colombia MEASURING PROGRESS TOWARD THE SDGS IN URBAN CONTEXTS IN COLOMBIA Measuring Progress Toward the Sustainable Development Goals in Urban Contexts in Colombia Authors: Lia Celi Diego de Leon Sarah Goddard Lucia Haro Jorge Salem Completed in fulfillment of the Workshop in Development Practice, Spring 2018. Faculty Advisor: José Antonio Ocampo Submitted May 8, 2018. School of International and Public Affairs, Columbia University Economic and Political Development Concentration 420 West 118th Street, 13th Floor, MC3323 New York, NY 10027 www.sipa.columbia.edu 1 MEASURING PROGRESS TOWARD THE SDGS IN URBAN CONTEXTS IN COLOMBIA Workshop in Development Practice The Workshop in Development Practice is a required capstone course for second-year master’s degree students at Columbia University’s School of International and Public Affairs in New York City. The Workshop provides students with an opportunity to apply what they have learned from their coursework, internships, and prior work experience to consulting engagements in the field of development. Students work in teams with a faculty advisor to assist clients on a wide variety of assignments in international development, human rights and related fields. This project on Measuring Progress Toward the Sustainable Development Goals in Urban Contexts in Colombia was developed in partnership with Fundación Corona and began in November 2017. Acknowledgments We would like to extend our sincere gratitude to our partners at Fundación Corona and the Cómo Vamos City Network (especially Esteban Pelaez, Luis Hernán Sáenz, Mónica Villegas, Natalia Borrero, and María Claudia Peñas) for their invaluable input and warm welcome during our fieldwork in Colombia; our SIPA faculty advisors Eugenia McGill and José Antonio Ocampo and Ilona Vinklerova for their endless support and feedback from the beginning of the project; interview participants from Alta Consejería, DANE, DNP, MADS, IDB, UNDP, C40, Fundación ANDI, WWF, Semana Sostenible, Consejo Privado de Competitividad, UniAndes, and CEPEI for taking time to share their key insights; and workshop participants in Aburrá Sur, Bogotá, Cali, Cartagena, Manizales, Medellín, and Quibdó for their enthusiasm and dynamic participation. We also thank SDSN for supporting our project. 2 MEASURING PROGRESS TOWARD THE SDGS IN URBAN CONTEXTS IN COLOMBIA Table of Contents Executive Summary 5 Introduction 9 Background 10 Client Organization 10 Colombian National and Regional SDG Implementation Efforts 11 Problem 15 Solution 17 Process 18 I. Benchmark Analysis 22 Localizing the SDGs: From Theory to Practice 22 SDG Localization Challenges 25 Global Efforts to Localize SDG Indicators 26 World Council on City Data (WCCD) 27 United Cities and Local Governments (UCLG) 28 Sustainable Development Solutions Network (SDSN) 29 Urban Institute 31 Social Progress Index (SPI) 32 Local SDG Implementation Digital Tools 33 North America 33 Latin America 33 Europe 36 SDG Localization Examples 37 North America 38 Europe 40 Asia 43 Africa 43 Sustainability Beyond the SDGs 44 Conclusions from the Benchmark Analysis 46 II. Field Report 47 Introduction 47 Methodology 48 Results 50 Interview key takeaways 50 Workshop key takeaways 54 Survey results 56 Analysis 58 Indicators 58 Goals and Targets 58 Visualization 59 City classification 59 Level of localization 60 Stakeholder analysis 60 Conclusions 64 3 MEASURING PROGRESS TOWARD THE SDGS IN URBAN CONTEXTS IN COLOMBIA III. Tool Refinement 65 PART A: SDG Localization Tool 65 PART B: SDG City Measuring Tool 68 Strengths, Weaknesses, and Lessons 77 Next Steps 79 References 80 Background 80 Benchmark 82 Annex 1: Brazil, Mandala 86 Annex 2: Switzerland, Cercle Indicateurs 95 Annex 3: Team meeting schedule 99 Annex 4: Survey questionnaire (in Spanish) 100 Annex 5: Workshop Guides for the Public and Private Sectors (in Spanish) 101 Annex 6: Interview Summaries 118 Annex 7: Workshop Summaries 139 Annex 8: Survey Results 165 Annex 9: SDG Localization Tool (Spanish) 166 Annex 10: Complete list of indicators (Spanish) 168 Annex 11: SIPA Workshop Team Biographies 171 4 MEASURING PROGRESS TOWARD THE SDGS IN URBAN CONTEXTS IN COLOMBIA Executive Summary Colombia is frequently cited as one of the leading countries in SDG implementation in Latin America, and the world in general. The main reason for its success has been the highly active participation of the public and private sectors, as well as civil society in general. This led to the early adoption of the SDG framework as part of its national development plan. The majority of the governments do not possess readily data that will enable them to evaluate their SDG baseline, nor their progress in subsequent years. Based on this, governments need to either collect the data or adjust existing data to the chosen indicators. Moreover, in the case of local governments, since not all of the SDG indicators are applicable at the local level, it is necessary to adapt the metrics to the local context. As a result, a large number of metrics have been developed by each city to better adapt to the SDG targets and indicators. While this has enriched the process of development measurement in general, it has made it harder to establish a preset of indicators that can be widely used by all cities. Fundación Corona is a Colombian non-profit organization with the mission of contributing to capacity building to enhance social development, quality of life and equity in Colombia. Fundación Corona seeks to create innovative, replicable, integral and sustainable models that will improve Colombian’s quality of life. A core objective of Fundación Corona is to impact public policy, and the Foundation does so through implementing projects that involving oversight and monitoring of policy impacts and promoting higher involvement and citizen participation. Innovative measurements like the Social Progress Index and the SDGs have taken the concept of quality of life in urban contexts to a new level of analysis. In particular, the SDGs require a multisector approach to address challenges to sustainable development in cities in Colombia. A major challenge is the lack of disaggregated and local data for measuring indicators related to sustainable cities, sustainable consumption, climate change, and natural ecosystems. Under the MDGs, Colombia defined national level goals, but these goals did not represent local and regional differences. Now the challenge is to define targets at the local level and engage local actors. This project, being conducted under the umbrella of Fundación Corona’s Cómo Vamos program, is intended to develop an actionable measurement and ranking tool for policymakers and other local actors to help define local targets and realistic policy decisions in relation to the SDGs. The focus of this Workshop project will include updating baseline data at local levels and engaging local stakeholders in identifying the main challenges for each city and constructing a sustainable urban agenda. This will be followed by the construction of an actionable instrument to differentiate cities based on their level of development. There are currently no actionable agendas at the local level in Colombia, only at the National and regional level through the recent launch of the CONPES guilders for SDG monitoring and evaluation. This creates an opportunity for Fundación Corona to partner with Columbia University and other local actors in Colombia to create the first benchmark for cities that can be brought to local governments across Colombia, allow local governments to prioritize different targets and emphasize indicators or goals according to local capacity, and accelerate the 2030 5 MEASURING PROGRESS TOWARD THE SDGS IN URBAN CONTEXTS IN COLOMBIA Agenda implementation. In this sense, for the last seven years the specialized SIPA Workshop team has provided support to Fundación Corona to 1) conduct benchmark research, 2) review baseline data, 3) support and facilitate key stakeholder interviews, 4) develop an actionable monitoring instrument, and 5) validate the instrument with local stakeholders through fieldwork in Colombia. As a result of this project, Fundación Corona has an actionable tool that local governments can use to measure their progress in achieving local sustainable development goals that can be harmonized with the national sustainable development agenda. 6 MEASURING PROGRESS TOWARD THE SDGS IN URBAN CONTEXTS IN COLOMBIA Acronyms and Abbreviations CONPES: Consejo Nacional de Política Económica y Social (guidelines approved by the National Council of Economic and Social Policy) CVCN: Cómo Vamos City Network (Red de Ciudades Cómo Vamos) DANE: Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Estadísticas (Colombia’s National Administrative Department of Statistics) DNP: Departamento Nacional de Planeación (Colombia’s National Planning Department) GHG: Greenhouse gas HLPF: High Level Political Forum ICLEI: International Council for Local Environmental Initiatives, Local Governments for Sustainability initiative LDA-SI: Local Data Action Solutions Initiative of SDSN LRG: Local and regional governments MDG: Millennium Development Goals MSA: Metropolitan statistical area PND: Plan Nacional de Desarrollo (National Development Plan) SDG: Sustainable Development Goals SDSN: Sustainable Development Solutions Network SIPA: Columbia University’s School of International and Public Affairs SPI: Social Progress Index UCLG: United Cities and Local Governments UN: United
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