Public Toilets CHAMPIONING DELIVERY MODELS THAT WORK Public Disclosure Authorized
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Go Before You Go: How Public Toilets Impact Public Transit Usage
PSU McNair Scholars Online Journal Volume 8 Issue 1 The Impact of Innovation: New Frontiers Article 5 in Undergraduate Research 2014 Go Before You Go: How Public Toilets Impact Public Transit Usage Kate M. Washington Portland State University Follow this and additional works at: https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/mcnair Part of the Social Welfare Commons, Transportation Commons, and the Urban Studies and Planning Commons Let us know how access to this document benefits ou.y Recommended Citation Washington, Kate M. (2014) "Go Before You Go: How Public Toilets Impact Public Transit Usage," PSU McNair Scholars Online Journal: Vol. 8: Iss. 1, Article 5. https://doi.org/10.15760/mcnair.2014.46 This open access Article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial- ShareAlike 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0). All documents in PDXScholar should meet accessibility standards. If we can make this document more accessible to you, contact our team. Portland State University McNair Research Journal 2014 Go Before You Go: How Public Toilets Impact Public Transit Usage by Kate M Washington Faculty Mentor: Dr. James G. Strathman Washington, Kate M. (2014) “Go Before You Go: How Public Toilets Impact Public Transit Usage” Portland State University McNair Scholars Online Journal: Vol. 8 Portland State University McNair Research Journal 2014 Abstract The emphasis on sustainable solutions in Portland, Oregon includes developing multi-modal transportation methods. Using public transit means giving up a certain amount of control over one’s schedule and taking on a great deal of uncertainty when it comes to personal hygiene. -
Lifting the Lid on Washrooms There’S Something Quintessentially British When It Comes to Talking About Toilets
Lifting the Lid on Washrooms There’s something quintessentially British when it comes to talking about toilets Introduction The loo, the restroom, the powder room, the washroom - call it what you may - we all spend a lot more time noticing them and talking about them than you think. Even though research finds the average desk at work harbours 400 times more bacteria than the average toilet seat, our sense of serenity comes from how we regard our restrooms. In restaurants, they impact our perceptions of hygiene while in the workplace grubby washrooms conjure up visions of employers with similarly low standards. In short, toilets say a lot about their owners. All of this is against a backdrop of an emerging national debate about our basic facilities. Not only are their size, design and functionality all being looked at, there is now a serious debate about whether workplaces should allow members of the public, not just their employees, to use their loos. Around 40% of public conveniences have disappeared in the last decade and, in a speech to her fellow MPs in September 2017, Madeleine Moon MP called for business rate reductions as a reward for friendly employers who open their (toilet) doors to a wider clientele. Pragmatically, there is an economic reason behind wanting to maximise the net internal area of a toilet. Dwarfing this though, is an emerging conversation about whether workplaces should dispense with traditional male-female loo labels altogether, and instead only offer gender-neutral toilets - to help transgender and non-binary people feel more comfortable. If even the White House has done it, many are asking why the change can’t be made here too. -
Adoption and Use of Self Sanitizing Biodegradable
ADOPTION AND USE OF SELF SANITIZING BIODEGRADABLE TOILET BAGS IN KIBERA SLUMS, NAIROBI COUNTY, KENYA FAITH WANJIKU NDERITU (B.A) N50/CTY/PT/24897/2011 A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Award of Master’s Degree in Environmental Studies (Community Development) in the School of Environmental Studies of Kenyatta University October 2015 ii DECLARATION iii DEDICATION This work is dedicated to my parents Aaron Nderitu Wambugu and Miriam Wambugu for their support towards my education. iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENT First and foremost, I would want to thank God for enabling me to finish the study. Special thanks to my husband Jamlick Ng‟ang‟a for providing financial and moral support throughout the study. My sincere thanks go to my supervisors, Dr. Joseph K. Muriithi and Professor Aggrey D.M for their academic guidance and support throughout the study. Moreover, I would like to acknowledge the entire staff of Peepoople for providing information that guided my study. I wish to express my sincere gratitude to my brother Solomon Gichuki for his financial commitment towards my studies. Last and not least, I would like to appreciate the resident of Silanga and Laini Saba for their participation, of which without their voluntary support, I would not have obtained the data. v TABLE OF CONTENTS DECLARATION .............................................................................................................................ii DEDICATION ............................................................................................................................. -
Have You Ever Heard of Kibera?
Spiritan Magazine Volume 33 Number 3 Fall Article 10 Fall 2009 Have you ever heard of Kibera? Eamonn Mulcahy Follow this and additional works at: https://dsc.duq.edu/spiritan-tc Recommended Citation Mulcahy, E. (2009). Have you ever heard of Kibera?. Spiritan Magazine, 33 (3). Retrieved from https://dsc.duq.edu/spiritan-tc/vol33/iss3/10 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Spiritan Collection at Duquesne Scholarship Collection. It has been accepted for inclusion in Spiritan Magazine by an authorized editor of Duquesne Scholarship Collection. Spiritan missionary in Kenya Have you ever heard of Kibera? Eamonn Mulcahy CSSp here are many slums and shanty-towns, favelas and an unplanned, higgledy-piggledy patchwork of shacks and bidonvilles spread around the world. Kibera is one of huts, and make-shift dwelling places of wood, plastic and Tthem. It is a slum. But not just any slum. They say that cardboard, on rough hilly terrain, with no tarmac roads, Kibera is the second largest slum on earth, the biggest in mountains of refuse and rubbish strewn all around, with raw Africa and still continually growing in population. It is just one sewage cascading down the sides of every path. The one- of five slums within the city of Nairobi, the capital of Kenya, and only a few kilometres from Spiritan House where I live and work. Easily an average of 6 or 7 people live Though geographically so close to the city-centre, socially, in each one-roomed hut, sleeping on the Kibera is a different planet compared to downtown Nairobi, a city of 4 million people, where a socio-economic apartheid same bed which also serves as a sofa flourishes. -
Kimberly-Clark Continues Crucial Work Amidst Pandemic to Address the Global Sanitation Crisis
Kimberly-Clark Continues Crucial Work Amidst Pandemic to Address the Global Sanitation Crisis November 18, 2020 Through the Kimberly-Clark Foundation, the 'Toilets Change Lives' program supported sanitation solutions in 10 countries this year DALLAS, Nov. 18, 2020 /PRNewswire/ -- As the pandemic has unfolded, many people focused on access to essential products such as toilet paper. Yet over 2 billion people – or 1 in 4 – around the world – continue to lack access to basic sanitation, including a toilet. Additionally, 785 million – or 1 in 10 – do not have clean water close to home. Kimberly-Clark and several of its trusted brands, including Andrex, Neve, Scott, Suave and Baby Soft, responded to the global sanitation crisis and have engaged consumers through the 'Toilets Change Lives' program over the last six years. Supported by the Kimberly-Clark Foundation, the company launched the program in 2014 initially with its Andrex brand, and it has since provided critical resources in 12 countries and impacted 5 million lives. The United Nations General Assembly officially designated World Toilet Day in 2013 to raise awareness and inspire efforts to bring solutions to the more than 2 billion people who lack access to basic sanitation. This crisis often leads to children dying from preventable diseases, women lacking a safe place to relieve themselves, or missing school and work because they are unable to manage their periods. "The need for access to clean water and sustainable sanitation has never been more urgent," said Jenny Lewis, Vice President of the Kimberly-Clark Foundation. "While the sanitation crisis existed long before the pandemic, the public health crisis combined with the impacts of climate change have only magnified the issue and the need for solutions. -
Questionnaire / Schedule for Open Defecation Free (ODF) Verification in Districts
Swachh Bharat Mission (Gramin) Questionnaire / Schedule for Open Defecation Free (ODF) verification in Districts Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation एक कदम वछता क ओर A. VILLAGE SCHEDULE Investigator to visit PRIs, places of open defecation and in addition at least 5 more public locations in a village at random: Places to be visited by the S. Investigator Options Skip No. 1. Yes 1 Does every household have a toilet? 2. No Does anyone go out and defecate in the 1. Yes 2 open in your village? 2. No Are these faeces from the toilet being 3 1. Yes disposed in the river? 2. No Is there any OD spot / excreta in an open 4 1. Yes place? 2. No Are there institutional toilets at schools, 5 1. Yes anganwadis and PHCs? 2. No Is waste from restaurants, public places 6 1. Yes dumped into the river? 2. No 7 Is there a prevalence of tourist OD? 1. Yes 2. No Is there an institutional mechanism to 8 1. Yes check OD by insiders/outsiders? 2. No 9 Are twin-pit toilets common in your village? 1. Yes 2. No Are septic tank toilets (non-porous) 10 1. Yes common in your village? 2. No 11 Is there a P-Trap in all toilet? 1. Yes 2. No 1. 5-10 feet On an average how deep are the pits in 12 2. 10-20 feet your village? 3. more than 20 feet Page 1 of 10 Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation एक कदम वछता क ओर B. HOUSEHOLD SCHEDULE At least 10 randomly selected households shall be covered from each Village for canvassing the Household Schedule. -
Sanitation Options
MIT OpenCourseWare http://ocw.mit.edu 11.479J / 1.851J Water and Sanitation Infrastructure in Developing Countries Spring 2007 For information about citing these materials or our Terms of Use, visit: http://ocw.mit.edu/terms. On-site Sanitation Brian Robinson and Susan Murcott Week 12 - MIT 11.479J / 1.851J Water and Sanitation Infrastructure in Developing Countries Mass. Institute of Technology May 8, 2007 On-site Sanitation • Sanitation ladder: options in sanitation • Ecological Sanitation • Case Study: Ecosan in Kenya Improved sanitation • connection to a public sewer • connection to septic system • pour-flush latrine • simple pit latrine • ventilated improved pit latrine The excreta disposal system is considered “adequate” if it is private or shared (but not public) and if it hygienically separates human excreta from human contact. "Not improved“ = service or bucket latrines (where excreta are manually removed), public latrines, latrines with an open pit. Sanitation “Ladder” Technology Hygiene 1. Open defecation, “flying toilet” 2. “Cathole” burial 3. Pit latrine 4. VIP 5. EcoSan 6. Pour-flush 7. Water-sealed toilets + neighborhood wastewater collection 8. Water-sealed toilets + neighborhood wastewater collection + treatment 1. No Poop sanitation *S. Murcott (T.P.) 2. “Cathole” burial Sanitation “Ladder” Technology Hygiene 1. Open defecation, “flying toilet” 2. “Cathole” burial 3. Pit latrine 4. VIP On-site sanitation 5. EcoSan 6. Pour-flush 7. Water-sealed toilets + neighborhood wastewater collection 8. Water-sealed toilets + neighborhood wastewater collection + treatment 3. Pit latrine – with pit Drainage? 3. Pit Latrine, No Pit 4. Ventilated Fly screen improved Air (ventilation) pit latrine (VIP) Vent pipe Seat cover A dry latrine system, with a screened vent pipe Pedestal to trap flies and often Pit collar Cover slab (May be extended to with double pits to base of pit in poor allow use on a ground conditions) permanent rotating basis. -
Investigation Into Methods of Pit Latrine Emptying April 2009
WRC PROJECT 1745 Management of sludge accumulation in VIP latrines Investigation into Methods of Pit Latrine Emptying April 2009 by Mark O’Riordan Mark O’Riordan Investigation of Methods of Pit Latrine Emptying Page - i Executive Summary Improving sanitation is now increasingly being recognized as a key factor in ending poverty; providing basic sanitation has been included in the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) under target 10 of halving the proportion of people without access to adequate basic sanitation by 2015. In an attempt to reach this MDG target many developing countries have embarked on the construction of pit latrines and improved sanitation in people’s homes. An emerging challenge that is resulting from this work is what to do when the latrines are full. If they are to be emptied how should the waste be extracted, where should the waste go and what should be done to it and with it? The approaches to meeting this question are the focus of this report. The report aims to summarise all information currently available to PID resulting from; • General research • Durban’s pit latrine emptying programme • Work with the Vacutug on loan from UN Habitat • A visit to UN Habitat in Nairobi • Site visit to Vacutug facilitating charity Maji na Ufanisi working in Kibera, Nairobi • Design and development work on the ‘Gobbler’ The main part this report is a fairly high level introduction to the issue of faecal sludge management. Where details and information have been readily available the report goes into further depth. A large section of this report focuses on assessment of the United Nations Vacutug project in an attempt to build guidance for the development of a successful latrine exhausting system. -
Japan on Holiday – Experience Top Hygiene the Entire World Is Looking to Japan in Time for the 2021 Olympic Games
MEDIA INFORMATION Japan on holiday – experience top hygiene The entire world is looking to Japan in time for the 2021 Olympic Games. Anyone travelling to Japan will experience a bathing culture with unparalleled hygiene in most places. At the heart of this is a development still unfamiliar to many Europeans – the shower toilet or WASHLET™, as most in Japan call it. The 2021 Olympic Games are around the corner! Due to the current restrictions, Press office UK: only a few spectators will be lucky enough to travel to Tokyo for this historic event. INDUSTRY PUBLICITY From the moment they arrive, however, they will have the chance to experience Phone: the outstanding hygiene Japan is known for – especially in restrooms. “Toilets are +44 (0) 20 8968 8010 a symbol of Japan’s world-renowned culture of hospitality,” explained the Nippon hq@industrypublicity. Foundation on their website https://tokyotoilet.jp/en/. The foundation also initiates co.uk and supports other social projects. They asked TOTO to supply the equipment for public toilets in Tokyo designed by internationally renowned architects. Travellers Press office Europe: will also find hygienic shower toilets and other sanitary ware from TOTO on the Anja Giersiepen planes flown by Japanese airlines and upon arrival at Tokyo’s Narita International anja.giersiepen@ Airport. toto.com Travellers flying with a Japanese airline will have the chance to use WASHLET™ TOTO on the Internet: on the plane. Once they arrive at Terminal 2 in Tokyo’s Narita International Airport, gb.toto.com they will enjoy the distinctive hygiene culture in Japan that is closely linked to TOTO – the country’s undisputed market leader of sanitary products, responsible for selling the most shower toilets around the world. -
Today's Marking of the UN World Toilet Day May Not Attract a Lot Of
November 17, 2009 Dear Editor, THE WORLD TOILET DAY - LET’S TALK ABOUT SH!T World Toilet Day, today (November 19), may pass unnoticed largely owing to lack of awareness of such a day. So, what is World Toilet Day for? It seeks to promote good toilet behavior and raise awareness on the effects of poor hygiene on people’s health. This year’s theme is ‘health of your child begins in the toilet’. It aims to raise awareness on the effects of faecal-oral contamination on children. This simply means how ‘eating shit’ can lead to contracting diarrhoeal diseases such as dysentery and cholera, and lead to death of children. It also contributes to absenteeism from school. Over 2.6 billion of the world population do not have proper toilet facilities. Worse still, even those with proper toilet facilities do not wash their hands properly after shitting. In Kenya, about 20 million people do not have proper toilet facilities. They defecate in the open or in a juala (flying toilet). Over 85% of Kenyans do not properly wash their hands after shitting. The implication? Four out of every five people you shake hands with today will most likely leave some human shit in your hands! As Kenyans, we worry a lot about where and how to get water, food, shelter and good health. However, when we do eat a meal, how many of us pause to think of where and how we shall dispose of it after it has gone through the digestive system? For a minority (VIPs, political elite, CEOs and the middle class), this is never an issue as toilets are readily available. -
On the 路(Lu) to the Loo: a Case Study of Public Restrooms
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by The University of Mississippi ON THE 路(LU) TO THE LOO: A CASE STUDY OF PUBLIC RESTROOMS IN CHINA SINCE THE CHINESE COMMUNIST REVOLUTION © 2017 By Elizabeth S. Newsom A thesis presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for completion Of the Bachelor of Arts degree in International Studies Croft Institute for International Studies Sally McDonnell Barksdale Honors College The University of Mississippi University, Mississippi as;dlkfj;asdlkfj;asldkfj;asldkfs;dalkfjas;lkdflMay 2017 Approved: _____________________________ Advisor: Dr. Minjoo Oh _________________________________ Reader: Dr. William Schenck __________________________________ Reader: Dr. Joshua Howard Newsom 2 Abstract: This thesis is a case study of China’s changing perceptions on privacy, hygiene and sanitation, as well as gender through public restrooms across the three different time periods of the 1950s, the early 2000s, and the 2010s. I analyze the situations, laws, civil codes, and perceptions that lead to different toilet styles. As toilets and defecation are taboo subjects, I use online anonymous resources like Zhihu to discover the modern perceptions of people on today’s toilets as well as architecture and statistics. I in part find that I can analyze China’s income disparity through toilets as the Coastal region of China has the most public restrooms and the Western region of China has the least. Then, I analyze what effect and correlation this has on their society. Key Words: Public Restrooms, toilets, gender, privacy, hygiene, China 2 Newsom 3 Table of Contents I. Introduction II. Literature Review III. -
Determinants of Usage of Communal Sanitation Facilities in Informal Settlements of Kisumu, Kenya
EAU0010.1177/0956247815616732Environment & UrbanizationShort Title 616732research-article2015 Determinants of usage of communal sanitation facilities in informal settlements of Kisumu, Kenya SHEILLAH SIMIYU Sheillah Simiyu is a PhD ABSTRACT Residents of informal settlements in developing countries are faced researcher in the School with various challenges, including a lack of household sanitation facilities, which of Public Leadership at leads to use of alternative methods such as open defecation. The lack of household Stellenbosch University in South Africa. Her PhD sanitation facilities and consequent use of improper methods necessitated the research is on sanitation introduction of communal sanitation facilities in informal settlements as a way of in informal settlements, increasing access to and use of sanitation facilities. However, little is known about and was carried out in their use and effectiveness, particularly in Africa’s informal settlements. This study Kisumu city in Kenya. She used a number of quantitative and qualitative methods to assess determinants has a Master’s degree of use of communal sanitation facilities in informal settlements of Kisumu, in Public Health (MPH) and a Bachelor’s degree a city in Kenya. Findings reveal that factors such as location/siting, inadequate (Honours) in Environmental maintenance, economic aspects, and gender issues influence the use of communal Studies – both from facilities, and they should therefore be included in future sanitation interventions. Kenyatta University, Kenya. Address: School of Public KEYWORDS communal sanitation / informal settlements / Kisumu / sanitation / Leadership, Stellenbosch shared sanitation University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, Stellenbosch, South Africa; e-mail: Sheillahshie@gmail. I. INTRODUCTION com, [email protected] Informal settlements are faced with various challenges, including a lack of household sanitation facilities.