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Çay Sektörü Raporu ÇAY SEKTÖRÜ RAPORU Common borders. Common solutions. 1 UYARI Bu doküman Karadeniz Havzası 2014-2020 Ortak Operasyonel Programı kapsamında Avrupa Birliği’nin yardımı ile hazırlanmıştır. İçeriği yazarlarının sorumluluğundadır ve hiçbir şekilde Avrupa Birliği’nin görüşle- rini yansıtmamaktadır. Common borders. Common solutions. 2 İçindekiler Tablosu 1. Yönetici Özeti .....................................................................................................................................11 2. Çay Sektörü Raporu .........................................................................................................................14 1.1. Mevcut Durum ........................................................................................................................................... 14 1.1.1. Dünya ........................................................................................................................ 14 1.1.1.1. Çayın Tarihi ............................................................................................................................................. 14 1.1.1.2. Çayın Dünyadaki Yeri .............................................................................................................................. 15 1.1.1.3. Dünya’nın En Büyük Çay Üreticileri ........................................................................................................ 25 1.1.1.4. Karadeniz Havzasında Çay Üretimi Yapan Ülkeler .................................................................................. 53 1.1.1.5. Çay Tüketim Kültürü ............................................................................................................................... 55 1.1.2. Karadeniz Havzası ...................................................................................................... 58 1.1.3. Ulusal ve Bölgesel ...................................................................................................... 69 1.1.3.1. Firma Yapıları .......................................................................................................................................... 69 1.1.3.2. İş Destek Yapıları .................................................................................................................................... 70 1.1.3.3. Yasal Durum............................................................................................................................................ 73 1.1.3.4. Teşvikler.................................................................................................................................................. 75 1.1.3.5. Sürdürülebilirlik ...................................................................................................................................... 78 1.1.3.6. Ar-Ge ...................................................................................................................................................... 85 1.2. Geleneksel Çay Tarımı ve İşletmeciliği .................................................................................................... 89 1.1.1. Mevcut Durum ........................................................................................................... 89 1.1.1.1. Üretim Teknikleri ve Standartları ........................................................................................................... 89 1.2.1.2. Paketleme ve Dağıtım ........................................................................................................................... 120 1.2.1.3. Hammadde ........................................................................................................................................... 124 1.2.1.4. Pazar İmkanları ve Trendler .................................................................................................................. 132 1.2.2. Swot ........................................................................................................................ 144 1.2.3. Gelişim Alanları ....................................................................................................... 148 1.2.3.1. Turizm ................................................................................................................................................... 148 1.2.3.2. Sağlık..................................................................................................................................................... 150 1.2.3.3. Diğer Gelişim Alanları ........................................................................................................................... 152 1.2.4. İyi Uygulama Örnekleri ............................................................................................ 153 1.3. Organik Çay Yetiştiriciliği ........................................................................................................................ 158 GİRİŞ ....................................................................................................................................................................... 159 1.3.1. Mevcut Durum ......................................................................................................... 161 1.3.2. Organik Siyah Çay İşleme Aşamaları ......................................................................... 169 1.3.3. Önerilen Organik Çay Yetiştirme Modeli ................................................................... 180 1.3.4. İyi Uygulama Örnekleri ............................................................................................ 181 1.3.5. Çay Üretimini Organikleştirme İmkanları .................................................................. 185 1.3.5.1. Yer Seçimi ............................................................................................................................................. 185 1.3.5.2. Dönüşüm Süreci ................................................................................................................................... 186 1.3.5.2.1. Organik Çay Tarımına Dönüşümün Avantaj ve Dezavantajları ......................................................... 190 1.3.5.3. Hayvanlar .............................................................................................................................................. 192 1.3.5.4. İşçiler .................................................................................................................................................... 193 1.3.5.5. Kültürel Uygulamalar ............................................................................................................................ 195 1.3.5.5.1. Toprak Reaksiyonu ........................................................................................................................... 195 Common borders. Common solutions. 3 1.3.5.5.2. Toprak ve Su Koruma Tedbirleri ....................................................................................................... 203 1.4. Firma Analizleri ........................................................................................................................................ 206 1.4.1. Ürün Portföyleri ....................................................................................................... 206 1.4.1.1. Çaykur’un Ürün Portföyü ...................................................................................................................... 206 1.4.1.2. Özel Sektörün Ürün Portföyü ............................................................................................................... 209 1.4.2. Mevcut ve Hedef Pazarlar ........................................................................................ 211 1.4.2.1. Mevcut Pazarlar .................................................................................................................................... 211 1.4.2.2. Hedef Pazarlar ...................................................................................................................................... 211 1.4.3. Üretim Yöntemleri ................................................................................................... 212 1.4.4. Swot ........................................................................................................................ 212 1.4.5. Rekabetçilik Analizleri .............................................................................................. 214 1.4.6. Eğitim ve Danışmanlık İhtiyaçları .............................................................................. 220 1.4.6.1. Çay Sektöründe Belirlenen İhtiyaçlar ................................................................................................. 220 1.4.6.2. Sektördeki Bilimsel Toplumun Deneyimlerinden Kaynaklanan Yeni Yaklaşımlar, Yeni Metodolojiler ve Yeni Araçlar ...................................................................................................................................................... 222 1.5. Kaynaklar .................................................................................................................................................. 223 Common borders. Common solutions. 4 Tablolar Tablo 1: Dünyada Çay Dikili Alanları ................................................................................................................ 18 Tablo 2: Dünyada Kuruçay Üretimi .................................................................................................................. 19 Tablo 3: Dünyada Kuru Çay İhracatı ................................................................................................................
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