Studium Der Artes Liberales Musik Als „Mathematisches“ Ordnungssystem Antike → Mittelalter

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Studium Der Artes Liberales Musik Als „Mathematisches“ Ordnungssystem �Antike → Mittelalter Vortrag zum Themenjahr 2012 „Reformation und Musik“ der Evangelischen Kirche in Mitteldeutschland: Wolfgang Robscheit Superintendent i.R., Eisenach, „ kann man wirksameres finden als eben die Musica?“ Luther, die Reformation und die Musik www.ekmd.de/attachment/aa234c91bdabf36adbf227d333e5305b/1e14670509f414e467011e182785fbbf81c70f970f9/Vortrag_Robscheit_2011_09_29.pdf 14981501 Georgenschule Eisenach: Chorus musicus / Kurrende‐Singen 15011505 Universität Erfurt: Studium der Artes liberales Musik als „mathematisches“ Ordnungssystem Antike → Mittelalter 1530 Entwurf „Über die Musik“ WA 30 II, 696 1538 Gedicht „Vorrede auf alle guten Gesangbücher“ WA 35, 483f. Musik als „donum/creatura Dei“ Augustinus musica speculativa → musica practica / scientia → ars Schöpfungsgabe, Herzenssache, Sprache d. Evangeliums u. Glaubens, Werkzeug d. Heiligen Geistes Luther als Komponist: vierstimmiger Satz, überliefert 1545 terminus ante quem Ps 118,17: Non moriar, sed vivam, et narrabo opera Domini. Quelle: Fr. Blume, Geschichte der evangelischen Kirchenmusik, Kassel u.a. ²1965, S. 6. Vokalsolisten der Capella Fidicinia, Ltg. Hans Grüß 1982 “edel” Vnd es war/ als wäre es einer/ der drommetet/ und sunge/ als höret man eine stimme zu loben den HErrn. Und da die stimme sich erhub von den Drommeten/ Cymbaln und andern Seitenspielen/ und von dem würcklichen loben des HErrn/ daß er gütig ist und seine Barmhertzigkeit ewig wäret/ Psalm CXXXVI. 1. folg. da ward das haus des HErrn erfüllet mit einem Nebel. II Chr 5,13 NB. Bey einer andächtigen Musique ist allezeit Gott mit seiner GnadenGegenwart. J.S. Bach Calov‐Bibel J.S. Bachs erworben 1733 mit eigenhändigen Anmerkungen, Sp. 2088. Faksimile: M. Petzoldt / J. Petri, Johann Sebastian Bach. Ehre sei dir Gott gesungen. Bilder und Texte zu Bachs Leben als Christ und seinem Wirken für die Kirche, Göttingen 1986, S. 8. Zu Luthers Gottesdienstreform lateinische und deutsche Liturgie Von ordenung gottis diensts ynn der gemeyne 1523 Formula missae et communionis pro Ecclesia Vuittembergensi 1523 Deudsche Messe vnd ordnung Gottis diensts 1526 Quelle späterer Praxis: Ordenung der gesenge in der Wittembergischen Kirchen 1543/44 M. Luther, Von ordenung gottis diensts verbleibende tägliche Stundengebete für Priester und Schüler: Matutin 4/5h Vesper 17/18h weitgehende Abschaffung der Heiligenfeste Sonntagsmesse WA 12, S. 37. M. Luther, FM 1523 M. Luther, DM 1526 aber besser ganze Psalmen dt. Lied oder dt. Psalm im 1. Ton im 1. Ton, nur 3‐mal statt 9‐mal kann auch entfallen dt. in F fa‐ut dt. im 8. Ton nicht mehr als zwei Verse dt. Lied „vox perpetua ecclesiae“ nur Weihnachten und Pfingsten dt. im 5. Ton nach Credo oder vor Introitus vor der Predigt Lied „Wir gleuben all an eynen gott“ Vaterunser‐Paraphr., Abendmahlsverm. Bereitung von Brot und Wein danach Einsetzungsworte Einsetzungsworte mit Elevation, Austeilung mit Elevation dt. Sanctus, alternativ „Gott sey gelobet“ oder „Jhesus Christus unser heyland“ danach Friedensgruß s.o. während der Austeilung dt. Agnus Dei kann entfallen Ulrich Michels, dtv‐Atlas zur Musik. Tafeln und Texte, Bd. 1, München 1977, S. 128. Wittenberger Ordenung der gesenge 1543/44 Adolf Boës, Die reformatorischen Gottesdienste in der Wittenberger Pfarrkirche von 1523 an und die „Ordenung der gesnge der Wittenbergischen Kirchen“ von 1543/44, in: Jahrbuch für Liturgik und Hymnologie 4 1958/59, Kassel 1959, S. 140. Wittenberger Gottesdienst: letztes Dokument zu Lebzeiten Luthers Tabelle: De‐tempore‐Gesängen für alle Sonn‐ und Festtage Vorbildcharakter über Wittenberg hinaus Übergewicht lateinischer Gesänge über deutsche Lieder Kyrie Ordinariumsgesänge: J. Obrecht, A. Rener?, Josquin 3 „Sanctus D. Pomerani“ J. Bugenhagen: vgl. Braunschweig 1543 1483‒1546 frühe Quellen: erhaltene Einzeldrucke 1523/24 Urdrucke Achtliederbuch Nürnberg 1524 Einzeldrucke zusammengefasst Erfurter Enchiridion 1524 in 2 Ausgaben Wittenberger „Chorgesangbuch“, Johann Walter 1524 3‐ bis 5‐st. weitere gedruckte Quellen Auswahl: 1525 jeweils in Abbhängigkeit der Quellen 1524 Neuauflagen Erfurter Enchiridien Nürnberger Enchiridion Breslauer Gesangbuch Zwickauer Gesangbuch Neuauflage Walter’sches Gesangbuch Worms? Straßburger Teutsch kirchenampt Wolf Köpphel 1526 Straßburger Psalmen gebett und kirchenübung 1. Wittenberger Enchiridion Hans Lufft 1529/1533 2. Wittenberger Gemeindegesangbuch Martin Luthers Joseph Klug’sches Gesangbuch 15291539 Augsburger Liederbücher 1534/1537 erweiterte Neuauflagen Walter’sches Gesangbuch 1545 Valentin Babst’sches Gesangbuch Leipzig Übersicht M. Jenny, Luthers geistliche Lieder und Kirchengesänge, 1985, S. VII. Herkunft bzw. textlich‐musikalische Vorlagen der Lieder 1. Kontrafaktur u.a. Vom Himmel hoch Ich komm aus fremden Landen her 2. Hymnen u.a. Nun komm der Heiden Heiland Veni redemptor gentium Liedmelodie Hymnenmelodie 3. Sequenz Komm heiliger Geist, Herre Gott Pingstsequenz Veni sancte Spiritus neue Melodie 4. lateinische oder volkssprachliche Lieder ,Leisen‘ u.a. Christ ist erstanden Ostersequenz Vict. pasch. laudes ↓ Christ ist erstanden, gebessert M. Jenny 1985, S. 217. ,Barform‘ mit Schluss‐,Waise‘ Z. 9 a b a b c d c d x vgl. ,Lutherstrophe‘ a b a b c c x Peter Schreier, Capella Fidicinia, Ltg. Hans Grüß 1986 Capriccio M. Jenny 1985 ,Lutherstrophe‘ a b a b c c x Benedictus Ducis ca.14921544 Organist später Pfarrer in Geislingen und Ulm ,responsoriale‘ Form ,alternatim‘ ins Werk gesetzt Peter Schreier, Vokalsolisten der Capella Fidicinia, Ltg. Hans Grüß 1986 Capriccio Mehrstimmiger Liedsatz: Johann Walter, Geystliches gesangk Buchleyn, Wittenberg 1524 Tenor‐cantus‐firmus Diskant‐ cantus‐firmus J. Walter: frühe Liedmotette 1. Strophe: Leise 13. Jh. nach der Sequenz Veni sancte Spiritus Nû biten wir den heiligen geist umbe den rechten glouben allermeist, daz er uns behüete an unsrem ende, sô wir heim suln varn ûz disem ellende. Kyrieleis. 2.4. Strophe und Melodie‐Bearbeitung: Martin Luther Georg Rhau/Rhaw 14881548 1518 Assessor an der Universität Leipzig und Thomaskantor 1520 Schulmeister in Eisleben und Hildburghausen 1523 Drucker in Wittenberg 1525 Eröffnung der eigenen Druckerei u.a. Erstdruck von Luthers Großem Katechismus in Buchform 1528 Rhaus Sammeldrucke „evangelischer“ Kirchenmusik 15./16. Jh. Auswahl 1538 Selectae harmoniae . de passione Domini Passionen, Antiphonen u.a. Vorrede von Melanchthon Symphoniae iucundae . 52 lateinische Kompositionen Vorrede von Luther Sätze von Brumel, Ducis, Forster, Isaac, Josquin, Mouton, Senfl, Verdelot, Willaert u.a. 1539 Officia paschalia de resurrectione et ascensione Domini Messensätze und Motetten für die Osterzeit 1540 Vesperarum precum officia . 115 Kompositionen für den Vespergottesdienst 1541 S. Dietrich, Novum ac insigne opus musicum . 36 Antiphonen 1544 Postremum vespertini officii opus . Magnificat‐Kompositionen u.a. J. Walter, Wittenbergisch . Gesangbüchlein Neuauflage französischer Hofdichter: Clément Marot 14961544 1539 30 strophische Psalmenübertragungen in Französisch für Franz I. 12 davon bei J. Calvin, Aulcuns pseaulmes . Straßburg, mit Melodien 1543 Flucht nach Genf Reformation in Genf: Guillaume Farel 1531→, Johannes Calvin 1541→ Einführung einstimmigen Psalmengesangs im reformierten Gottesdienst Melodien von Guillaume Franc, Loys Bourgeois, Pierre Davantès, Pierre Pidoux 1551 „Genfer Psalter“: 49 Gedichte von Marot, 34 von Théodor de Bèze 15191616 1562 erste vollständige Ausgabe des „Genfer Psalters“ mehrstimmige Vertonungen: Loys Bourgeois 1541‐61 Claude Goudimel 1551‐65 Claude Le Jeune 1564‐1612 deutsche Übersetzung des Genfer Psalters: Ambrosius Lobwasser, Der Psalter deß Königlichen Propheten Davids Lpz. 1573 /76 ... mit den französischen Melodien in 4‐stimmigem Satz Goudimel „lutherisches“ Gegenstück bereits vorhandene Psalmlieder ergänzend: Cornelius Becker, Der Psalter Davids gesangweis Lpz. 1602 ... mit im lutherischen Bereich bekannten Melodien erste 4‐stimmige Vertonung von Sethus Calvisius Lpz. 1605 Psalmlieder Luthers: Ps 12 „Ach Gott, vom Himmel sieh darein“ Ps 14 „Es spricht der Unweisen Mund wohl“ Ps 46 „Ein feste Burg ist unser Gott“ Ps 57 „Es wollt uns Gott genädig sein“ Ps 124 „Wär Gott nicht mit uns diese Zeit“ Ps 128 „Wohl dem, der in Gottes Furcht steht“ Ps 130 „Aus tiefer Not schrei ich zu Dir“ spätere „reformierte“ Nachdichtung der Psalmen: Matthias Jorissen, Neue Bereimung der Psalmen 1798 ... homorhythmische Faktur der „reformierten“ Psalm‐Lieder ,Kantionalsatz‘ Diskant‐cantus‐firmus Lukas Osiander Fünfftzig Geistliche Lieder und Psalmen. Mit vier Stimmen / auff Contrapunctsweise für die Schulen und Kirchen im löblichen Fürtstenthumb Würtenberg also gesetzt / da ein gantze Christliche Gemein durchauß mit singen kann. Nürnberg 1586 . die Componisten sonsten gewöhnlich den Choral im Tenor führen. Wann man aber das thut, so ist der Choral vnter andern stimmen vnkenntlich: Dann der gemein Mann verstehet nicht, was es für ein Psalm ist: vnd kann nicht mit singen. Darumb hab ich den Choral inn den Discant genommen, damit er ja kenntlich, vnd ein jeder Leye mit singen könne. Ausschnitt Vorrede Art. Kantionalsatz, in: Riemann Musiklexikon, Sachteil, 12. Aufl. Mainz 1967, S. 442443. Folge wichtiger ,Kantionalien‘: Rogier Michael 1593 Johannes Eccard 1597 „Vom Himmel hoch“ Sethus Calvisius 1597 Norddeutscher Kammerchor Andreas Raselius 1559 Ltg. Maria Jürgensen Bartholomäus Gesius 1601 2011 Deutschlandradio/MDG Melchior Vulpius 1604 Herr Jesu, Gnadensonne, Wahrhaftes Lebenslicht, Hans Leo Hassler 1608 Mit Leben, Licht und Wonne Wollst Du mein Angesicht
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