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Brachytron 13: 47-54, 2010 47 Participants of the Symposium on Monitoring Dragon�Lies in Europe in Wageningen (2008) (Foto: J 40 jaar libellenonderzoek in Nederland Samenwerken voor libellen E.J. Ruiter, R.M.J.C. Kleukers & T.J. Verstrael Inleiding en de studie van libellen in brede zin, EIS is Sinds de oprichting van de Nederlandse primair verantwoordelijk voor opslag, beheer Vereniging voor Libellenstudie (NVL) en publicatie van de verspreidingsgegevens op 1 maart 1997 bestaat er een nauw en De Vlinderstichting richt zich vooral op samenwerkingsverband met de European bescherming van en communicatie over libellen. Invertebrate Survey - Nederland (EIS) en Deze rolverdeling is niet strikt zwart-wit: de De Vlinderstichting. Deze samenwerking partijen gunnen elkaar regelmatig meer ruimte is niet verwonderlijk, aangezien de drie waar dat gewenst is. Dat voedt een vruchtbare genoemde instellingen zich bezighouden met samenwerking, wat geïllustreerd kan worden dezelfde diergroep: libellen. EIS houdt zich aan de hand van gezamenlijke publicaties en daarnaast bezig met alle insecten en andere activiteiten en het gezamenlijke bestand. ongewervelden van pissebedden tot loopkevers. De Vlinderstichting hield zich aanvankelijk alleen Publicaties bezig met dagvlinders, maar daar werden in de Sinds de oprichting van de NVL staan libellen bij loop van haar inmiddels 25-jarig bestaan ook een gestaag groeiend aantal natuurliefhebbers nachtvlinders en libellen aan toegevoegd. In het in de belangstelling. Een belangrijke rol daarbij begin werkte de NVL als een soort werkgroep is weggelegd voor de ‘Veldgids Libellen’, van EIS en De Vlinderstichting, maar die tijd geschreven door Frank Bos en Marcel ligt al weer enige tijd achter ons. De NVL is Wasscher (1997) en uitgegeven door de KNNV. inmiddels een volwaardige partner. Voorheen was libellenstudie voorbehouden aan De drie partijen zijn gezamenlijk eigenaar van het een bescheiden clubje kenners, voornamelijk Landelijk Bestand Libellen. Veel medewerkers (oud-)jeugdbonders. Zij waren voor de van EIS en De Vlinderstichting zijn lid van de determinatie aangewezen op het boek ‘Libellen NVL waardoor ‘de lijnen kort zijn’ en er onderling van Nederland’ (GEIJSKES & VAN TOL, 1983) en veel contact is. Binnen het bestuur van de NVL is buitenlandse literatuur. Met het verschijnen de waarnemingencoördinator de contactpersoon van de veldgids kwam er in 1997 voor het eerst naar EIS en De Vlinderstichting. een praktisch overzicht beschikbaar van alle in In dit artikel wordt besproken hoe de drie ons land voorkomende soorten, met duidelijke organisaties betrokken zijn bij de verschillende beschrijvingen, verspreidingskaarten en foto’s. facetten van het Nederlandse libellenwerk en op Dit gaf een enorme impuls aan vele nieuwe welke wijze samenwerking plaatsvindt. libellenliefhebbers. Nadat er van de eerste vier uitgaven 10.000 exemplaren over de toonbank Terugblik waren gegaan is er in 2008 een vijfde (!) Terugblikkend over tien jaar kan worden volledig herziene druk verschenen. Hier is Weia vastgesteld dat de onderlinge samenwerking Reinboud als derde auteur aan verbonden. altijd goed is verlopen, zowel op bestuurlijk niveau Het meest toonaangevende voorbeeld van als op de werkvloer. Dat is mede het gevolg van de samenwerking is de uitgave ‘Libellen in duidelijke afspraken over welke organisatie welke Nederland’ (NVL, 2002). Dit standaardwerk rol in de samenwerking oppakte. De NVL houdt is het product van een goede samenwerking zich bezig met het verzamelen van gegevens waarbinnen vertegenwoordigers van EIS, 46 Brachytron 13: 47-54, 2010 47 Participants of the symposium on monitoring dragon�lies in Europe in Wageningen (2008) (Foto: J. Kok). Figuur 1. Deelnemers aan het symposium over monitoring van libellen in Europa in Wageningen (2008). De Vlinderstichting en NVL in de redactie in te zetten wordt in toenemende mate benut. zitting hadden. De presentatie van het Zo wordt er bij EIS gewerkt aan een Europese boek eind 2002 in Naturalis (Leiden) kan verspreidingsatlas en wordt er vanaf 2008 bij als een hoogtepunt in de geschiedenis van EIS met medefinanciering van de Europese georganiseerd libellenonderzoek in Nederland Unie gewerkt aan een Europese Rode Lijst worden beschouwd. Vanwege het grote aantal libellen volgens de criteria van de International waarnemingen dat sindsdien door vele mensen Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN). is verzameld, werd besloten om een actualisatie In de zomer van 2007 en 2008 werden van de verspreidingsatlas uit te geven, in de internationale libellenkampen gehouden in vorm van een themanummer van Brachytron respectievelijk Roemenië en Sardinië. Deze (BOUWMAN ET AL., 2008). Ook de themanummers kampen werden mede door EIS georganiseerd ‘Dragonflies of Turkey’ (NVL, 2006) en ‘Noordse en bezocht door leden van de NVL. Het kamp Winterjuffer (Sympecma paedisca)’ (NVL, leverde een bijdrage aan de totstandkoming van 2007), zijn goede voorbeelden van gezamenlijke een Europese verspreidingsatlas. publicaties. Onderzoek Europese expansie De Vlinderstichting heeft de afgelopen jaren Nu Europa steeds belangrijker wordt op het diverse onderzoeksprojecten uitgevoerd gebied van natuurbescherming, weten de drie met financiering van provincies, het Rijk en instanties elkaar ook te vinden. Zo werd op natuurbeschermingsorganisaties. Voorbeelden 19 september 2004 in Kranenburg een Duits- hiervan zijn het onderzoek naar de ecologie Nederlands symposium over libellenstudie en van de Speerwaterjuffer (Coenagrion -bescherming georganiseerd door de NVL en hastulatum) (KETELAAR, 2001), het onderzoek De Vlinderstichting. De belangrijkste bijdragen naar het voorkomen en de biotoopeisen van van dit symposium zijn in Brachytron 12 (1) Bosbeekjuffer (Calopteryx virgo) en Gewone gepubliceerd. In het kader van haar 25-jarig bronlibel (Cordulegaster boltonii) in Nederland bestaan organiseerde De Vlinderstichting in (Groenendijk, 2002) en een studentenonderzoek juni 2008 een Europees symposium over de naar het gezamenlijk voorkomen van Noordse monitoring van libellen. EIS verzorgde een deel witsnuitlibel (Leucorrhinia rubicunda) en van het programma. Beide symposia verliepen Venwitsnuitlibel (L. dubia) (SCHUT & KOOPS, zeer succesvol en gaven aanleiding voor het 2004). Dergelijke projecten dragen bij aan de organiseren van vergelijkbare bijeenkomsten ontwikkeling van nieuwe kennis over soorten, in de toekomst. Ook de mogelijkheden om de in relatie tot de duurzame instandhouding Nederlandse kennis meer op Europees niveau van populaties. Behalve onderzoek in het 48 Brachytron 13: 47-54, 2010 49 Opening of de Wyldemerk, the �irst dragon�ly reserve in the Netherlands (2007) (Foto: J. Bouwman). Figuur 2. Opening van het eerste libellenreservaat in Nederland: de Wyldemerk (2007). veld zijn gegevens uit het gezamenlijke Bescherming waarnemingenbestand hierbij onmisbaar. Voor een effectieve bescherming van libellen zijn Naast onderzoek dat direct gekoppeld is aan de ten minste drie zaken nodig: het inzamelen van bescherming van specifieke soorten, werkt De verspreidingsgegevens, het beschikbaar maken Vlinderstichting sinds 1997 ook aan het Landelijk van kennis over de verspreiding en ecologie Meetnet Libellen, in nauwe samenwerking met en het actief aanbieden van deze kennis aan het Centraal Bureau voor de Statistiek (CBS). terreinbeherende organisaties en de overheid. Doel van dit meetnet is om de populatietrends De NVL, EIS en De Vlinderstichting vullen elkaar van de Nederlandse libellensoorten op een op deze punten uitstekend aan. gedegen manier te volgen, waardoor de Door het gezamenlijke optreden hebben libellen vooruitgang of achteruitgang van een soort de afgelopen jaren een stevige plek gekregen direct kan worden opgemerkt. Aan het Landelijk in de Nederlandse natuurbescherming. Dat Meetnet Libellen werken tientallen mee, die is enerzijds te danken aan de Europese jaarlijks de libellen langs vaste routes tellen. Habitatrichtlijn, waardoor een grote impuls is Een belangrijk deel van deze tellers bestaat uit gegeven aan de kennis over het voorkomen NVL-leden. van soorten die op Europese schaal beschermd Eind 2007 werd een onderzoeksproject naar de zijn, zoals de Groene glazenmaker (Aeshna ecologie van de Noordse winterjuffer afgerond. viridis) en de Gevlekte witsnuitlibel (Leucorrhinia Dit project is door NVL-leden getrokken en heeft pectoralis). Anderzijds is er bij regionale aangetoond dat er met gericht onderzoek in overheden, natuurbeschermende organisaties teamverband en met betrekkelijk eenvoudige en agrariërs veel draagvlak ontwikkeld voor hulpmiddelen veel nieuwe kennis kan worden de bescherming van libellensoorten die op gegenereerd. Hopelijk vormt dit een goede landelijke schaal kwetsbaar zijn. Dit heeft inspiratiebron om soortgelijk onderzoek ook onder andere geleid tot de verschijning van voor andere soorten op te pakken. Dat hoeft landelijke soortbeschermingsplannen voor niet enkel betrekking te hebben op specifieke Groene glazenmaker (DE JONG & VERBEEK, 2002) soorten, maar kan ook ingaan op een specifiek en Hoogveenglanslibel (Somatochlora arctica) thema als bijvoorbeeld de gevolgen van (KETELAAR ET AL., 2005; GROENENDIJK & BOUWMAN, klimaatverandering op libellen. 2008) en regionale soortbeschermingsplannen voor Donkere waterjuffer (Coenagrion armatum) 48 Brachytron 13: 47-54, 2010 49 (BOUWMAN & RUITER, 2004), Speerwaterjuffer PR en educatie (TERMAAT, 2006) en Gewone bronlibel (TERMAAT & Met name De Vlinderstichting timmert hard aan GROENENDIJK, 2005). Verschillende voorbeelden de weg voor wat betreft educatieve projecten. tonen aan dat libellen al daadwerkelijk hebben Dat gebeurt al structureel in iedere uitgave geprofiteerd
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