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Health at a Glance 2013 OECD INDICATORS Health at a Glance 2013 a Glance at Health Health at a Glance 2013 INDICATORS OECD Health at a Glance 2013 OECD INDICATORS Health at a Glance 2013 OECD INDICATORS This work is published on the responsibility of the Secretary-General of the OECD. The opinions expressed and arguments employed herein do not necessarily reflect the official views of the Organisation or of the governments of its member countries. This document and any map included herein are without prejudice to the status of or sovereignty over any territory, to the delimitation of international frontiers and boundaries and to the name of any territory, city or area. Please cite this publication as: OECD (2013), Health at a Glance 2013: OECD Indicators, OECD Publishing. http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/health_glance-2013-en ISBN 978-92-64-20071-5 (print) ISBN 978-92-64-20502-4 (PDF) ISBN 978-92-64-20422-5 (HTML) Annual: Health at a glance ISSN 1995-3992 (print) ISSN 1999-1312 (online) The statistical data for Israel are supplied by and under the responsibility of the relevant Israeli authorities. The use of such data by the OECD is without prejudice to the status of the Golan Heights, East Jerusalem and Israeli settlements in the West Bank under the terms of international law. Photo credits: Cover © gunnar3000 – Fotolia.com. Corrigenda to OECD publications may be found on line at: www.oecd.org/publishing/corrigenda. © OECD 2013 You can copy, download or print OECD content for your own use, and you can include excerpts from OECD publications, databases and multimedia products in your own documents, presentations, blogs, websites and teaching materials, provided that suitable acknowledgment of the source and copyright owner is given. All requests for public or commercial use and translation rights should be submitted to [email protected]. Requests for permission to photocopy portions of this material for public or commercial use shall be addressed directly to the Copyright Clearance Center (CCC) at [email protected] or the Centre français d'exploitation du droit de copie (CFC) at [email protected]. FOREWORD Foreword This 2013 edition of Health at a Glance – OECD Indicators presents the most recent comparable data on key indicators of health and health systems across the 34 OECD member countries. Where possible, it also reports comparable data for Brazil, China, India, Indonesia, the Russian Federation, and South Africa, as key emerging countries. The production of Health at a Glance would not have been possible without the contribution of OECD Health Data National Correspondents, Health Accounts Experts, and Health Care Quality Indicators Experts from the 34 OECD countries. The OECD gratefully acknowledges their effort in supplying most of the data contained in this publication. The OECD also acknowledges the contribution of other international organisations, especially the World Health Organization, the World Bank and Eurostat, for sharing some of the data presented here, and the European Commission for supporting data development. This publication was prepared by a team from the OECD Health Division under the co- ordination of Gaétan Lafortune. Chapter 1 was prepared by Gaétan Lafortune, Kees van Gool and Nelly Biondi; Chapter 2 by Franco Sassi, Marion Devaux, Michele Cecchini and Nelly Biondi; Chapter 3 by Michael Schoenstein, Gaétan Lafortune, Gaëlle Balestat and Anne Durand; Chapter 4 by Gaétan Lafortune, Valérie Paris, Gaëlle Balestat, Marie-Clémence Canaud and Jessica Farebrother; Chapter 5 by Kees van Gool, Ian Forde, Rie Fujisawa, Nelly Biondi, Evianne van der Kruk and Niek Klazinga; Chapter 6 by Marion Devaux, Valérie Paris, Gaétan Lafortune, Michael Schoenstein, Tomoko Ono, Michael Mueller, Emily Hewlett and Alessia Forti; Chapter 7 by David Morgan, Michael Mueller and Alan Diener; and Chapter 8 by Francesca Colombo, Yuki Murakami, Marie-Clémence Canaud, Nelly Biondi, Michael Mueller and Martin Salomon. This publication benefited from many comments and suggestions from Mark Pearson (Head of the OECD Health Division). HEALTH AT A GLANCE 2013: OECD INDICATORS © OECD 2013 3 TABLE OF CONTENTS Table of contents Editorial ................................................................... 9 Executive summary ......................................................... 13 Reader’s guide ............................................................. 17 Chapter 1. Health status ...................................................... 23 1.1. Life expectancy at birth ............................................. 24 1.2. Life expectancy by sex and education level ............................ 26 1.3. Mortality from cardiovascular diseases................................ 28 1.4. Mortality from cancer .............................................. 30 1.5. Mortality from transport accidents ................................... 32 1.6. Suicide ........................................................... 34 1.7. Infant mortality ................................................... 36 1.8. Infant health: Low birth weight ...................................... 38 1.9. Perceived health status ............................................. 40 1.10. Diabetes prevalence and incidence ................................... 42 Chapter 2. Non-medical determinants of health................................. 45 2.1. Smoking and alcohol consumption among children .................... 46 2.2. Overweight and obesity among children .............................. 48 2.3. Fruit and vegetable consumption among children ...................... 50 2.4. Physical activity among children ..................................... 52 2.5. Tobacco consumption among adults .................................. 54 2.6. Alcohol consumption among adults .................................. 56 2.7. Overweight and obesity among adults ................................ 58 2.8. Fruit and vegetable consumption among adults ........................ 60 Chapter 3. Health workforce .................................................. 63 3.1. Doctors (overall number) ............................................ 64 3.2. Doctors by age, sex and category ..................................... 66 3.3. Gynaecologists and obstetricians, and midwives ....................... 68 3.4. Psychiatrists and mental health nurses ............................... 70 3.5. Medical graduates.................................................. 72 3.6. Remuneration of doctors (general practitioners and specialists) .......... 74 3.7. Nurses ........................................................... 76 3.8. Nursing graduates ................................................. 78 3.9. Remuneration of nurses ............................................ 80 Chapter 4. Health care activities ............................................... 83 4.1. Consultations with doctors ......................................... 84 4.2. Medical technologies ............................................... 86 4.3. Hospital beds...................................................... 88 HEALTH AT A GLANCE 2013: OECD INDICATORS © OECD 2013 5 TABLE OF CONTENTS 4.4. Hospital discharges ................................................ 90 4.5. Average length of stay in hospitals ................................... 92 4.6. Cardiac procedures ................................................. 94 4.7. Hip and knee replacement .......................................... 96 4.8. Caesarean sections ................................................ 98 4.9. Cataract surgeries ................................................. 100 4.10. Pharmaceutical consumption ........................................ 102 4.11. Pharmaceutical generic market share ................................. 104 Chapter 5. Quality of care ..................................................... 107 5.1. Avoidable hospital admissions ....................................... 108 5.2. Prescribing in primary care .......................................... 110 5.3. Mortality following acute myocardial infarction (AMI) ................... 112 5.4. Mortality following stroke ........................................... 114 5.5. Surgical complications .............................................. 116 5.6. Obstetric trauma ................................................... 118 5.7. Unplanned hospital re-admissions for patients with mental disorders..... 120 5.8. Excess mortality from mental disorders ............................... 122 5.9. Screening, survival and mortality for cervical cancer ................... 124 5.10. Screening, survival and mortality for breast cancer ..................... 126 5.11. Survival and mortality for colorectal cancer............................ 128 5.12. Childhood vaccination programmes .................................. 130 5.13. Influenza vaccination for older people ................................ 132 5.14. Patient experience with ambulatory care .............................. 134 Chapter 6. Access to care ..................................................... 137 6.1. Coverage for health care ............................................ 138 6.2. Out-of-pocket medical expenditure ................................... 140 6.3. Geographic distribution of doctors.................................... 142 6.4. Inequalities in doctor consultations .................................. 144 6.5. Inequalities in dentist consultations .................................. 146 6.6. Inequalities in cancer screening...................................... 148 6.7. Waiting times for elective surgery .................................... 150 Chapter 7. Health expenditure and
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