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A Study of Supply Chain Management for Sustainable Solid Waste Plan In 1022 Int. J Sup. Chain. Mgt Vol. 8 , No. 5 , August 201 9 A Study o f Supply Chain Management f or Sustainable Solid Waste Plan i n Perhentian Island, Terengganu Siti Aisyah Saat 1 , Jumadil Saputra 1 , *, Rahaya Md Jamin 1 , Rosyidah Muhamad 1 , Rozita Muhamad Nawi 1 1 Faculty of Business, Economic s and Social Development, Un iversiti Malaysia Terengganu, Malaysia * Corresponding author: [email protected] Abstract — Solid waste management is a serious collection system is categorized as the primary environmental issue for marine park islands in basis and is identified as one of the key issues faced Malaysia. With the ra pid growth of non - systemic by local authorities in resort islands. The study also solid waste management problems generated by the found that Tenggol Island and Lang Tengah still tourism industry. The amount of waste generated by have no organized solid waste collection system [ 3 - massive visitors is a difficult problem in small islands 10 ]. Most of the waste is self - propelled by resort as it is usually produced within a short period of time and adds to the existing waste management problems. owners or with the method of burning waste This study is aimed at identifying the sustainability collect ed on the island. Challenges fa ced by Local level of solid waste management in Perhentian Island, Authorities in resort islands are less concern of Terengganu. Therefore, this study proposed waste awareness among local communities to contribute management plans for Perhentian Island in order to in recycling and composting programme. Various achieve sust ainability of solid waste management in activities have been carried out by the authorities Small Island. Inefficient solid waste management will on the island c ommunity but the activities car ried not only cause a deterioration in tourist arrivals to the out are not prolonged because of their own attitude island but it also has a negative impact on the quality that they do not want to change. Exposure to of the Perhentia n island environment. The study using qualitative approaches, in - depth interviews recycling and food waste composting programs was with chalet operators and Besut district Council conducted and explained but unsuccessful due to officials in relation to the management of solid waste lack of awareness and invo lvement from local management on the island. The study found that communities. Recycling activities on the island are integrated recycling pr ogram approaches and still low due to the lack of buyers of recyclable composting methods were seen to be more efficient materials due to high transportation and for use to ensure sustainable solid waste management maintenance costs. In addition, facilities for in Perhentian Island. recycling on the island are still inadequate, Keywords — sustainability, solid waste, Small Island, e specially the provision of recy cling bins around management, recycling, composting . the island and this is also a major challenge facing the authorities in addressing the issue of solid waste 1. Introduction management in the maritime parks especially in Terengganu [3]. Education background, condition Solid was te management in small islands is a major of house, established income were the main factors issue facing by local authorities in Malaysia. The influencing local communities to contribute in situation is also faced by local authorities in recycling and compost programme. Terengganu which has five islands of marine parks and are often the focus of tourists. Among the 2. Study Area marine parks in Te rengganu are the islands of Per hentian, the island of Redang, Lang Tengah Pulau Perhentian has divided with two islands Island, Tenggol Island and Kapas Island. Solid namely Pulau Perhentian Kecil and Pulau waste management systems in all marine park Perhentian Besar located within the state of islands in Terengganu are still inefficient and Terengganu where about 11 nautical miles or 21 environmentally friendly. Every year most o f kilometers from the east coast of Malaysia, in the Resorts Island in Malaysia ar e experiencing an South China Sea (figure 1). Both islands have been increase in tourist arrivals until there is an increase gazetted as a marine park dating back to 1994. The in the amount of solid waste [ 1, 2]. The garbage ___________________________ ___________________________________ International Journal of Supply Chain Management IJSCM, ISSN: 2050 - 7399 (Online), 2051 - 3771 (Print) Copyright © ExcelingT ech Pub, UK ( http://excelingtech.co.uk/ ) 1023 Int. J Sup. Chain. Mgt Vol. 8 , No. 5 , August 201 9 community placement on the island of Kampu ng interviews will be analyzed and coded according to Pasir Hantu with a populatio n of 2, 023 people on th e themes set in the study. Pulau Perhentian Kecil. The majority of the population is involved in tourism activities, which 4. Resu lts And Discussion is also a major economic activity on the island. The village is located in the north - east of Perhentian Among several issues faced by Resort Island over Kec il Island. It is a fishing vill age and has several the years, increasing waste generation is becoming public facilities, including the police station, health one of the major problems. In additional, the center, mosque, jetty, and shop. problems of land scarcity, lack of economic resource and ex pertise in the field of waste m anagement considerably reduces the waste management potentials in these island . Waste management system in Perhentian Island are under pressure because of increasing population, changing patterns of consumption and tourism in dustry. The current system of w aste management also seem not environmental friendly and less efficient in term of economic [ 11, 12 ] . An increase in the number of tourists visiting Perhentian Island generates more waste which must be disposed of. The dispo sal methods chosen can have the ir own environmental impacts; landfills create leachates which can impact water and soil and incineration generates ash and air pollution. Poor disposal methods are particularly problematic for marine environments as a number of marine Figure 1 . Perhentian Island animals can be impac ted by certain types of trash. Prior to tourism on the islands, local residents dealt 3. Methodology with their waste through small scale burning and localized composting of decomposable materials. This study involved respondents' questionnaires Most of the waste generated was from natur al consisting of residents o f Pulau Perhentian. A total sources on the islands as ot her materials would of 106 respondents had been involved in this need to be imported from the mainland. In more questionnaire consisting of 56 female respondents recent years, the lifestyles of village residents have while the rest were men with 50 respondents. The changed and more products are imported which are questionnaire was made to see the level of people's difficult to dispose o f Resort Owner interview . satisfaction about solid waste c ollection services and their ma nagers on Pulau Perhentian. This study The po or solid waste management behin d the also involved in - depth interviews with three premises of the building and the beach without research informants. Among them are resort guardianship and surveillance also affects visual management, cleaning contract staff and Besut quality and directly affect the tourism industry in District Council officials who are directly involved the resort island [ 13 - 16 ] . In order to deal with the in the management of waste in Pulau Perhentian. In trash generated b y tourists, the Perhentian isl and addition, observation methods were also used in operate a trash removal service which collects trash this study on solid waste management processes by from centralized points and disposes of it on the contractors, including collection, transportation and mainland. This is a mandatory service and there is a waste disposal systems to landfills. Secondary data fee for this which is billed to each of the resorts. is obtained from the annual rep ort of the Besut However, it was not clear whether there was a district council, the official portal of Besut District difference in amount for the size of the resort; each Council, as well as journals related to solid waste resort operator when asked about this was not sure. management. Information and data obtained from Some resorts said they were billed through their tourist license. It was suggested that if you do not 1024 Int. J Sup. Chain. Mgt Vol. 8 , No. 5 , August 201 9 pay the trash fee, you do not get your licens e to these situations some resorts will ferry their trash operate. Many operations are refusing to pay the back to the mainland, others including the local maintenance fees and continued to indiscriminately v illages bury or burn it behind their backyard. t hrow their garbage into the sea. (Besut District Council Interview). Consequently, illegal dumping or backyard burning of wastes The trash collection service is only operated during becomes a common waste management practice in peak season, usually around mid - F ebruary to mid - many Small Island Developing State (SIDS). Food September; it ca nnot operate during monsoon waste is the most a bundant solid waste that is mor e season or bad weather as the waves are too high than 72 percent in Perhentian [ 17 - 23 ] , (Table 1). (boat operator). The trash generated during the off - Thus, to address the problem of solid waste in the season is considerably less due to the limited island as well, existing resorts are encouraged to number of tourists on the islands, but what is compost and recycle programme. It’s seen more gen erated is usually burned. The d ifficulty comes practical and relevant in achieving sustainable solid when the services stop operating, but tourists are wa ste management at Resort Island. still arriving or workers are still on the islands.
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