Harilaos N. Psaraftis Editor

International Series in Operations Research & Management Science Harilaos N. Psaraftis Editor Green Transportation Logistics The Quest for Win-Win Solutions International Series in Operations Research & Management Science Volume 226 Series Editor Camille C. Price Stephen F. Austin State University, TX, USA Associate Series Editor Joe Zhu Worcester Polytechnic Institute, MA, USA Founding Series Editor Frederick S. Hillier Stanford University, CA, USA More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/6161 Harilaos N. Psaraftis Editor Green Transportation Logistics The Quest for Win-Win Solutions Editor Harilaos N. Psaraftis Department of Transport Technical University of Denmark Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark ISSN 0884-8289 ISSN 2214-7934 (electronic) International Series in Operations Research & Management Science ISBN 978-3-319-17174-6 ISBN 978-3-319-17175-3 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-17175-3 Library of Congress Control Number: 2015942145 Springer Cham Heidelberg New York Dordrecht London © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2016 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. Printed on acid-free paper Springer International Publishing AG Switzerland is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com) Foreword and Acknowledgments This book is a compilation of material on green transportation logistics. The material comes from various sources, mostly from projects that my associates and I have been involved in, but also from work of several external invited colleagues. An outline of the scope and contents of the book is presented in the Preface. The trigger for writing the book came from EU project SuperGreen on green corridors (2010–2013), and, in fact, several chapters of this book are based on the results of this project. Sometime before the end of this project, and when I was still at the National Technical University of Athens (NTUA), it occurred to me that material developed in the course of the project might form the basis for a book. However, the decision to go on with the book, as well as the specifics of the book, did not come until after the SuperGreen project was completed and I had moved to the Technical University of Denmark (DTU). The story of the SuperGreen project is an exciting one. The project spanned the period January 2010–January 2013, but its origins can be traced back to October 2007, when Atle Minsaas of Marintek (Trondheim, Norway), a colleague I had collaborated with since the mid-1990s in the context of several EU projects, visited me at NTUA. Atle asked me if I was interested in a specific call for proposals under EU’s 7th Framework Programme for R&D, which addressed the issue of green corridors. Green corridors were one of the concepts introduced within the European Commission’s “Freight Logistics Action Plan” of 2007. In that plan, a number of short- to medium-term actions were presented that would help Europe address its current and future challenges and ensure a competitive and sustainable freight transportation system. One among these actions was the so-called Green transport corridors for freight. These were characterized by a concentration of freight traffic between major hubs and by relatively long distances of transport. Green corridors would in all ways be environmentally friendly, safe, and efficient. I responded positively to Atle’s question, and in December of 2007 we decided that Marintek would take the lead in coordinating the proposal and that Atle would serve as Project Manager. A group of partners across Europe were assembled, and in May 2008 we submitted a proposal to the European Commission on the so-called v vi Foreword and Acknowledgments SuperGreen project, tasked to investigate this topic. This was a “coordinated action” comprising all stakeholders involved in the green corridors, and proposing to analyze and suggest, among other things, how the green corridors can be made even greener by green technologies and smarter utilization of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT). I was involved in the proposal as the main contact person for partner No. 2, NTUA, which was represented by the Laboratory for Maritime Transport, of which I was the Director. Even though we received the proposal’s evaluation report from the Commission as early as July 2008, we were not invited for contract negotiations until April 2009, as the Commission had to rank-order all proposals and then choose which among them could proceed. These negotiations were concluded in the fall of 2009 and the project set out to start in mid-January 2010. The SuperGreen consortium consisted of 22 partners from 13 countries in Europe and its official title was “Supporting EU’s Freight Transport Logistics Action Plan on Green Corridors Issues” (Grant Agreement No. TREN/FP7TR/233573/“SUPERGREEN”). It was during these negotiations that a switch between partners No. 1 and 2 took place. The switch assigned to NTUA the role of Project Coordinator, and to me the role of Project Manager. This was due to Atle’s assignment to manage the devel- opment of the new research infrastructure, the Ocean Space Centre, a 10+ year project in Norway dealing with maritime and ocean science and technology. Atle felt he could not undertake both managerial jobs and asked me if I could take over his role in SuperGreen. I accepted such role with simultaneous excitement and apprehension, as I knew that managing multi-partner EU projects could be nontrivial (at that point in time I had managed two such projects, but these were much smaller, both in scope and number of partners). Atle remained connected with the project in its entirety and I am glad that he accepted to co-author with me the final chapter of this book. Complementary to SuperGreen, I also had several other projects at NTUA that were related to the interface between transportation logistics and emissions. All of these projects were maritime related. They were the following: • “Ship Air Emissions Study,” study funded by Hellenic Chamber of Shipping (January–June 2008). • “Effective Bulk Transport,” gift agreement funded by Det Norske Veritas (January 2008–December 2010). • “Assessment of Environmental Impact in Marine Transportation and Related Activities,” project funded by the American Bureau of Shipping (June 2008– May 2011). • “Centre of Excellence in Ship Total Energy-Emissions-Economy,” project funded by The Lloyds Register Foundation (February 2010–December 2015). • “Envi-Shipping: Green Assessment of a Ship’s Lifecycle,” multi-partner project funded by the General Secretariat of Research and Technology, Greece (May 2011–November 2014). The financial support of all of the above funding sources, including the European Commission, is gratefully acknowledged. As with SuperGreen, some of the work Foreword and Acknowledgments vii conducted under these projects eventually found its way into this book, as much as it was also published in journals and presented in conferences. The same was the case with my engagement with the International Maritime Organization (IMO), as an advisor of the Hellenic Chamber of Shipping. In the period between 2007 and 2013, I participated in several meetings of IMO’s Marine Environment Protection Committee (MEPC) and in several expert groups on matters pertaining to Green House Gases (GHGs). I thought that some of this work was also relevant for the book. Work in the 3 years of SuperGreen was as exciting as it was challenging. I still remember walking in a snowstorm in Kuopio, Finland, home of our partner Sito Ltd., to go to a meeting where we would preselect 15 corridors for the analysis. Or a stakeholder’s workshop in Helsinki where we presented a proposal for the nine corridors we would use for our analysis. We even gave nicknames to the corridors: Brenner, Mare Nostrum, Two Seas, Nureyev, Cloverleaf, Strauss, Finis Terrae, Edelweiss, and Silk Way, the latter linking Europe to the Far East. Not to forget were also the stakeholder workshop in Napoli (Nola terminal) to come up with a list of sensible key performance indicators (KPIs), and the near-disaster stakeholder workshop in Antwerp on the same subject, as there was much confusion on what sensible KPIs might be. The turning point of the project came in the workshop in Malmo€ (March 2011), when the final list of KPIs was decided. Beyond that important milestone, progress in the project went smoothly. When in the fall of 2011, the European Commission issued its proposal for the new Trans-European Transport Network (TEN-T) guidelines, something that evolved into a Regulation in 2013, we were intrigued that the proposed TEN-T Core Network had substantial overlap with the set of nine corridors we had chosen about a year earlier. Contact was initiated with the Commission’s TEN-T Policy unit in 2012 and we maintained a fruitful dialog with them even after the end of the project.

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