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Astrometry for Astrophysics: Methods, Models and Applications William
AstrometryAstrometry forfor Astrophysics:Astrophysics: Methods,Methods, ModelsModels andand ApplicationsApplications William van Altena, editor Yale University 28 chapters - 28 co-authors from 15 countries IAU Beijing, August 2012 Inspiration for Astrometry for Astrophysics • IAU Symposium 248, Shanghai, October 2007 – Jin Wenjing - organizer • Brought together leaders in virtually all fields of modern astrometry. • Most successful astrometric conference in many years. IAU Beijing, August 2012 http://www.astro.yale.edu/vanalten/book.htm IAU Beijing, August 2012 Organization of text • Part I: Astrometry in the twenty-first century (34 pp) • Part II: Foundations of astrometry and celestial mechanics (79 pp) • Part III: Observing through the atmosphere (77 pp) • Part IV: From detected photons to the celestial sphere (120 pp) • Part V: Applications of astrometry to topics in astrophysics (75 pp) – http://www.astro.yale.edu/vanalten/book.htm IAU Beijing, August 2012 Part I: Astrometry in the 21 st Century • Ch 1: Opportunities and challenges for astrometry in the 21 st century – Michael Perryman • Ch 2: Astrometry satellites – Lennart Lindegren • Ch 3: Ground-based opportunities for astrometry – Norbert Zacharias IAU Beijing, August 2012 Part II: Foundations of astrometry and celestial mechanics • Ch 4: Vectors in astrometry, an introduction - Lennart Lindegren • Ch 5: Relativistic foundations of astrometry and celestial mechanics – Sergei Klioner • Ch 6: Celestial mechanics of the N-body problem – Sergei Klioner • Ch 7: Celestial coordinate -
Astrometric Reference Frames in the Solar System and Beyond
Mem. S.A.It. Vol. 83, 1001 c SAIt 2012 Memorie della Astrometric reference frames in the solar system and beyond S. Kopeikin Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Missouri, 322 Physics Bldg., Columbia, MO 65211, USA Abstract. This presentation discusses the mathematical principles of constructing coordi- nates on curved spacetime manifold in order to build a hierarchy of astrometric frames in the solar system and beyond which can be used in future practical applications as well as for testing the fundamentals of the gravitational physics - general theory of relativity. 1. Introduction equations in order to find out the metric tensor corresponding to the coordinate charts cover- Fundamental astrometry is an essential ingre- ing either a local domain or the entire space- dient of modern gravitational physics. It mea- time manifold. sures positions and proper motions of vari- ous celestial objects and establishes a corre- The standard theory adopted by the spondence between theory and observations. International Astronomical Union (IAU) pos- Theoretical foundation of astrometry is general tulates that spacetime is asymptotically-flat theory of relativity which operates on curved and the only source of gravitational field is the spacetime manifold covered by a set of local matter of the solar system (Soffel et al. 2003; coordinates which are used to identify posi- Kopeikin 2007). This approach completely ig- tions and to parametrize the motion of celestial nores the presence of the huge distribution of objects and observer. The set of the local co- mass in our own galaxy – the Milky Way, the ordinates is structured in accordance with the local cluster of galaxies, and the other visi- hierarchical clustering of the gravitating bod- ble matter of the entire universe. -
File Reference: 208737
Institute of Physics Publishing Journal of Physics: Conference Series 32 (2006) 154–160 doi:10.1088/1742-6596/32/1/024 Sixth Edoardo Amaldi Conference on Gravitational Waves ASTROD and ASTROD I: Progress Report Wei-Tou Ni1,2,3, Henrique Araújo4, Gang Bao1, Hansjörg Dittus5,TianyiHuang6, Sergei Klioner7, Sergei Kopeikin8, George Krasinsky9, Claus Lämmerzahl5, Guangyu Li1,2, Hongying Li1,LeiLiu1,Yu-XinNie10, Antonio Pulido Patón1, Achim Peters11, Elena Pitjeva9, Albrecht Rüdiger12, Étienne Samain13,Diana Shaul4, Stephan Schiller14, Jianchun Shi1, Sachie Shiomi3,M.H.Soffel7,Timothy Sumner4, Stephan Theil5,PierreTouboul15, Patrick Vrancken13, Feng Wang1, Haitao Wang16, Zhiyi Wei10, Andreas Wicht14,Xue-JunWu1,17, Yan Xia1, Yaoheng Xiong18, Chongming Xu1,17,JunYan1,2, Hsien-Chi Yeh19, Yuan-Zhong Zhang20, Cheng Zhao1, and Ze-Bing Zhou21 1 Center for Gravitation and Cosmology, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008 China E-mail: [email protected] 2 National Astronomical Observatories, CAS, Beijing, 100012 China 3 Center for Gravitation and Cosmology, Department of Physics, Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan 30013 4 Department of Physics, Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, London, SW7 2BW, UK 5 ZARM, University of Bremen, 28359 Bremen, Germany 6 Department of Astronomy, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093 China 7 Lohrmann-Observatorium, Institut für Planetare Geodäsie, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany 8 Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Missouri-Columbia, -
Recent VLBA/VERA/IVS Tests of General Relativity
Relativity in Fundamental Astronomy Proceedings IAU Symposium No. 261, 2009 c International Astronomical Union 2010 S. A. Klioner, P. K. Seidelman & M. H. Soffel, eds. doi:10.1017/S1743921309990536 Recent VLBA/VERA/IVS tests of general relativity Ed Fomalont1, Sergei Kopeikin2,DaytonJones3, Mareki Honma4 & Oleg Titov5 1 National Radio Astronomy Observatory, 520 Edgemont Rd, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA email: [email protected] 2 Dept. of Physics & Astronomy, University of Missouri-Columbia, 223 Physics Bldg., Columbia, MO 65211, USA email: [email protected] 3 Jet Propulsion Laboratory, 4800 Oak Grove Ave, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA email: [email protected] 4 VERA Project Office, Mizusawa VLBI Observatory, NAOJ, 181-8588, Tokyo, Japan email: [email protected] 5 Geoscience, Australia, GPO Box 378, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia email: [email protected] Abstract. We report on recent VLBA/VERA/IVS observational tests of General Relativity. First, we will summarize the results from the 2005 VLBA experiment that determined gamma with an accuracy of 0.0003 by measuring the deflection of four compact radio sources by the solar gravitational field. We discuss the limits of precision that can be obtained with VLBA experiments in the future. We describe recent experiments using the three global arrays to measure the aberration of gravity when Jupiter and Saturn passed within a few arcmin of bright radio sources. These reductions are still in progress, but the anticipated positional accuracy of the VLBA experiment may be about 0.01 mas. Keywords. gravitation—quasars: individual (3C279)—relativity techniques: interferometric 1. The VLBA 2005 Solar-Bending Experiment The history of the experiments to measured the deflection of light by the solar gravi- tational field is well-known. -
Relativity and Fundamental Physics
Relativity and Fundamental Physics Sergei Kopeikin (1,2,*) 1) Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Missouri, 322 Physics Building., Columbia, MO 65211, USA 2) Siberian State University of Geosystems and Technology, Plakhotny Street 10, Novosibirsk 630108, Russia Abstract Laser ranging has had a long and significant role in testing general relativity and it continues to make advance in this field. It is important to understand the relation of the laser ranging to other branches of fundamental gravitational physics and their mutual interaction. The talk overviews the basic theoretical principles underlying experimental tests of general relativity and the recent major achievements in this field. Introduction Modern theory of fundamental interactions relies heavily upon two strong pillars both created by Albert Einstein – special and general theory of relativity. Special relativity is a cornerstone of elementary particle physics and the quantum field theory while general relativity is a metric- based theory of gravitational field. Understanding the nature of the fundamental physical interactions and their hierarchic structure is the ultimate goal of theoretical and experimental physics. Among the four known fundamental interactions the most important but least understood is the gravitational interaction due to its weakness in the solar system – a primary experimental laboratory of gravitational physicists for several hundred years. Nowadays, general relativity is a canonical theory of gravity used by astrophysicists to study the black holes and astrophysical phenomena in the early universe. General relativity is a beautiful theoretical achievement but it is only a classic approximation to deeper fundamental nature of gravity. Any possible deviation from general relativity can be a clue to new physics (Turyshev, 2015). -
Ausgabe 2019 Inhaltsverzeichnis
Olympia 2010.qxp:Olympia 2005 deutsch 31.3.2010 9:49 Uhr Seite 22 AusgabeAusgabe 2012 2010 Ausgabe 2019 Inhaltsverzeichnis Jahresbericht 2018 ................................................................... 4 Einstein-Feier 2018 – Verleihung der Einstein-Medaille ......................................... 8 Albert Einstein-Medaille 2019 – Vorstellung des Laureaten ................................................... 11 Empfänger der Einstein-Medaille ...................................... 14 Einstein-Lectures 2018 ......................................................... 16 Jürg Rub, Leiter des Einstein-Hauses, tritt zurück .......... 24 Jahresbericht 2018 der Leiterin des Einstein-Hauses...... 25 Einstein-Haus Clippings 2018.............................................. 27 Organe der Albert Einstein-Gesellschaft .......................... 28 Mitgliedschaft in der Albert Einstein-Gesellschaft ......... 29 Impressum .............................................................................. 30 Jahresbericht 2018 m Dezember 2017 wurde der Nobelpreis für Physik an Kip Thorne, Barry Barish und Rainer Weiss, für ihre besonderen Verdienste die zum Ierstmaligen direkten Nachweis von Gravitations- wellen (GW) führten, verliehen. Dies war für unsere Gesellschaft Grund genug, dem Thema GW auch im vergangenen Jahr ihre spezielle Aufmerksamkeit zu schenken. Es gelang, für die gemeinsam mit der Universität Bern veranstalteten Einstein Lectures 2018, die turnusgemäss der Physik und Astronomie gewidmet waren, Barry Barish als hochkompetenten Redner -
General Relativity and Cosmology: Unsolved Questions and Future Directions
Article General Relativity and Cosmology: Unsolved Questions and Future Directions Ivan Debono 1,∗,† and George F. Smoot 1,2,3,† 1 Paris Centre for Cosmological Physics, APC, AstroParticule et Cosmologie, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/lrfu, Observatoire de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 10, rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, 75205 Paris CEDEX 13, France; [email protected] 2 Physics Department and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, 94720 CA, USA 3 Helmut and Anna Pao Sohmen Professor-at-Large, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, 999077 Hong Kong, China * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +33-1-57276991 † These authors contributed equally to this work. Academic Editors: Lorenzo Iorio and Elias C. Vagenas Received: 21 August 2016; Accepted: 14 September 2016; Published: 28 September 2016 Abstract: For the last 100 years, General Relativity (GR) has taken over the gravitational theory mantle held by Newtonian Gravity for the previous 200 years. This article reviews the status of GR in terms of its self-consistency, completeness, and the evidence provided by observations, which have allowed GR to remain the champion of gravitational theories against several other classes of competing theories. We pay particular attention to the role of GR and gravity in cosmology, one of the areas in which one gravity dominates and new phenomena and effects challenge the orthodoxy. We also review other areas where there are likely conflicts pointing to the need to replace or revise GR to represent correctly observations and consistent theoretical framework. Observations have long been key both to the theoretical liveliness and viability of GR. -
10. Scientific Programme 10.1
10. SCIENTIFIC PROGRAMME 10.1. OVERVIEW (a) Invited Discourses Plenary Hall B 18:00-19:30 ID1 “The Zoo of Galaxies” Karen Masters, University of Portsmouth, UK Monday, 20 August ID2 “Supernovae, the Accelerating Cosmos, and Dark Energy” Brian Schmidt, ANU, Australia Wednesday, 22 August ID3 “The Herschel View of Star Formation” Philippe André, CEA Saclay, France Wednesday, 29 August ID4 “Past, Present and Future of Chinese Astronomy” Cheng Fang, Nanjing University, China Nanjing Thursday, 30 August (b) Plenary Symposium Review Talks Plenary Hall B (B) 8:30-10:00 Or Rooms 309A+B (3) IAUS 288 Astrophysics from Antarctica John Storey (3) Mon. 20 IAUS 289 The Cosmic Distance Scale: Past, Present and Future Wendy Freedman (3) Mon. 27 IAUS 290 Probing General Relativity using Accreting Black Holes Andy Fabian (B) Wed. 22 IAUS 291 Pulsars are Cool – seriously Scott Ransom (3) Thu. 23 Magnetars: neutron stars with magnetic storms Nanda Rea (3) Thu. 23 Probing Gravitation with Pulsars Michael Kremer (3) Thu. 23 IAUS 292 From Gas to Stars over Cosmic Time Mordacai-Mark Mac Low (B) Tue. 21 IAUS 293 The Kepler Mission: NASA’s ExoEarth Census Natalie Batalha (3) Tue. 28 IAUS 294 The Origin and Evolution of Cosmic Magnetism Bryan Gaensler (B) Wed. 29 IAUS 295 Black Holes in Galaxies John Kormendy (B) Thu. 30 (c) Symposia - Week 1 IAUS 288 Astrophysics from Antartica IAUS 290 Accretion on all scales IAUS 291 Neutron Stars and Pulsars IAUS 292 Molecular gas, Dust, and Star Formation in Galaxies (d) Symposia –Week 2 IAUS 289 Advancing the Physics of Cosmic -
Research.Pdf (342.4Kb)
General Relativistic Theory of Light Propagation in the Field of Gravitational Multipoles A Dissertation presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School University of Missouri-Columbia In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy by Pavel Korobkov Dr. Sergei Kopeikin, Dissertation Supervisor AUGUST 2007 The undersigned, appointed by the Dean of the Graduate School, have ex- amined the dissertation entitled: General Relativistic Theory of Light Propagation in the Field of Gravitational Multipoles presented by Pavel Korobkov a candidate for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy and hereby certify that in their opinion it is worthy of acceptance. Dr. Sergei Kopeikin Dr. Bahram Mashhoon Dr. Adam Helfer Dr. Giovanni Vignale Dr. Aigen Li ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to thank my advisor Dr. Sergei Kopeikin for guidance, Dr. Bahram Mashhoon, Dr. Adam Helfer, Dr. Giovanni Vignale, and Dr. Aigen Li for taking the time to be on the committee and for warm, supportive attitude. I am indebted to my family, friends, and to many people who in different ways supported and helped me during the time in graduate school. ii Contents ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ii LIST OF FIGURES iv CHAPTER 1 Introduction 1 1 Historical Background and Statement of the Problem. 1 2 Notations and Conventions . 7 2 Metric Tensor and Coordinate Systems 12 1 Metric Tensor . 12 2 The Harmonic Coordinate System . 14 3 The Arnowitt-Deser-Misner Coordinate System . 15 3 Equations for Propagation of Electromagnetic Signals 18 1 Geometrical Optics in Curved Spacetime . 18 2 Equations for Trajectory of a Photon . 20 3 Equations for Propagation of Polarization Properties . -
Astrodynamical Space Test of Relativity Using Optical Devices I (ASTROD I) - a Class-M Fundamental Physics Mission Proposal for Cosmic Vision 2015-2025
Astrodynamical Space Test of Relativity using Optical Devices I (ASTROD I) - A class-M fundamental physics mission proposal for Cosmic Vision 2015-2025 Thierry Appourchaux Institut d’Astrophysique Spatiale, Centre Universitaire d’Orsay, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France Raymond Burston Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung, 37191 Katlenburg-Lindau, Germany Yanbei Chen Department of Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA Michael Cruise School of Physics and Astronomy, Birmingham University, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK Hansjörg Dittus Centre of Applied Space Technology and Microgravity (ZARM), University of Bremen, Am Fallturm, 28359 Bremen, Germany e-mail: [email protected] Bernard Foulon Office National D’Édudes et de Recherches Aerospatiales, BP 72 F-92322 Chatillon Cedex, France Patrick Gill National Physical Laboratory, Teddington TW11 0LW, United Kingdom Laurent Gizon Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung, 37191 Katlenburg-Lindau, Germany Hugh Klein National Physical Laboratory, Teddington TW11 0LW, United Kingdom Sergei Klioner Lohrmann-Observatorium, Institut für Planetare Geodäsie, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany Sergei Kopeikin Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65221, USA Hans Krüger, Claus Lämmerzahl Centre of Applied Space Technology and Microgravity (ZARM), University of Bremen, Am Fallturm, 28359 Bremen, Germany Alberto Lobo Institut d´Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC), Gran Capità 2-4, 08034 -
Jahresbericht 2018
Jahresbericht 2018 Einleitung Im Dezember 2017 wurde der Nobelpreis für Physik an Kip Thorne, Barry Barish und Rainer Weiss für ihre besonderen Verdienste, die zum erstmaligen direkten Nachweis von Gravitationswellen (GW) führten, verliehen. Dies war für unsere Gesellschaft Grund genug, dem Thema GW auch im vergangenen Jahr ihre spezielle Aufmerksamkeit zu schenken. Es gelang für die gemeinsam mit der Universität Bern veranstalteten Einstein Lectures 2018, die turnusgemäss der Physik und Astronomie gewidmet waren, Barry Barish als hochkompetenten Redner für die üblichen drei öffentlichen Abendvorträge in der Aula der Uni Bern zu gewinnen werden. Eine Zusammenfassung der Vorlesungen ist unter „Einstein Lectures“ zu finden. Einstein Haus Die Betreuung des Einstein Hauses(EH) an der Kramgasse 49 in Bern wurde einmal mehr als die sichtbarste Aktivität der Gesellschaft bestätigt. Nachdem Ende 2017 der langjährige Leiter des Einstein-Hauses, Jürg Rub, seinen Rücktritt auf Ende 2018 ankündigt hatte, war der Vorstand im Verlaufe des Jahres bemüht, eine adäquate Nachfolge zu etablieren. Als neue Leiterin des EH wurde Frau Tatsiana Widmer gewählt; ihre Stellvertretung und die stark gewachsene Administration der Führungen übernimmt Frau Jalan Lehmann. Der Vorstand ist überzeugt, dass die beiden Damen, zusammen mit dem personell leicht veränderten Aufsichtsteam, den Betrieb des EH erfolgreich weiterführen werden. Jürg Rub, Leiter des Einstein Hauses seit 2006, kann auf eine sehr erfolgreiche Tätigkeit zurückblicken. Zusammen mit dem Vorstand der AEG half er mit, dem Einstein Haus eine stabile Zukunft als wichtige Berner Kulturstätte zu sichern. Mit seinem Engagement und Talent hat Jürg Rub viel zur Konsolidierung des Hauses und zum markanten Anstieg der jährlichen Besucherzahlen auf über 60‘000 beigetragen. -
Beyond the Standard IAU Framework Sergei Kopeikin Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by University of Missouri: MOspace Relativity in Fundamental Astronomy Proceedings IAU Symposium No. 261, 2009 c International Astronomical Union 2010 S. A. Klioner, P. K. Seidelman & M. H. Soffel, eds. doi:10.1017/S1743921309990081 Beyond the standard IAU framework Sergei Kopeikin Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO 65211, USA Abstract. We discuss three conceivable scenarios of extension and/or modification of the IAU relativistic resolutions on time scales and spatial coordinates beyond the Standard IAU Frame- work. These scenarios include: (1) the formalism of the monopole and dipole moment transforma- tions of the metric tensor replacing the scale transformations of time and space coordinates; (2) implementing the parameterized post-Newtonian formalism with two PPN parameters – β and γ; (3) embedding the post-Newtonian barycentric reference system to the Friedman-Robertson- Walker cosmological model. Keywords. relativity, gravitation, standards, reference systems 1. Introduction Fundamental scientific program of detection of gravitational waves by the space in- terferometric gravitational wave detectors like LISA is a driving motivation for further systematic developing of relativistic theory of reference frames in the solar system and beyond. LISA will detect gravitational wave sources from all directions in the sky. These sources will include thousands of compact binary systems containing neutron stars, black holes, and white dwarfs in our own Galaxy, and merging super-massive black holes in distant galaxies. However, the detection and proper interpretation of the gravitational waves can be achieved only under the condition that all coordinate-dependent effects are completely understood and subtracted from the signal.