Astrodynamical Space Test of Relativity Using Optical Devices I (ASTROD I) - a Class-M Fundamental Physics Mission Proposal for Cosmic Vision 2015-2025
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Astrometry for Astrophysics: Methods, Models and Applications William
AstrometryAstrometry forfor Astrophysics:Astrophysics: Methods,Methods, ModelsModels andand ApplicationsApplications William van Altena, editor Yale University 28 chapters - 28 co-authors from 15 countries IAU Beijing, August 2012 Inspiration for Astrometry for Astrophysics • IAU Symposium 248, Shanghai, October 2007 – Jin Wenjing - organizer • Brought together leaders in virtually all fields of modern astrometry. • Most successful astrometric conference in many years. IAU Beijing, August 2012 http://www.astro.yale.edu/vanalten/book.htm IAU Beijing, August 2012 Organization of text • Part I: Astrometry in the twenty-first century (34 pp) • Part II: Foundations of astrometry and celestial mechanics (79 pp) • Part III: Observing through the atmosphere (77 pp) • Part IV: From detected photons to the celestial sphere (120 pp) • Part V: Applications of astrometry to topics in astrophysics (75 pp) – http://www.astro.yale.edu/vanalten/book.htm IAU Beijing, August 2012 Part I: Astrometry in the 21 st Century • Ch 1: Opportunities and challenges for astrometry in the 21 st century – Michael Perryman • Ch 2: Astrometry satellites – Lennart Lindegren • Ch 3: Ground-based opportunities for astrometry – Norbert Zacharias IAU Beijing, August 2012 Part II: Foundations of astrometry and celestial mechanics • Ch 4: Vectors in astrometry, an introduction - Lennart Lindegren • Ch 5: Relativistic foundations of astrometry and celestial mechanics – Sergei Klioner • Ch 6: Celestial mechanics of the N-body problem – Sergei Klioner • Ch 7: Celestial coordinate -
Cleo/Qels 2006
CLEO/QELS 2006 Technical Conference: May 21-26, 2006 Exposition: May 23-25, 2006 Long Beach Convention Center, Long Beach, CA, USA CLEO/QELS & PhAST 2006 once again reiterated their roles as the leading events for the fields of lasers, electro-optics and photonics. With more than 1,500 talks on the latest breakthroughs in research and applications, these conferences are the source of the most timely and innovative new developments for the industry. Consistent with previous year's shows, attendance reached 5,200. Technical attendance was strong at more than 2,500 and exhibit walk-in traffic remained steady with 2005. The CLEO exhibition showcased 358 participating companies this year, with almost a 100 percent increase in corporate sponsor participation. The show really is an international must- attend event, with approximately 25% of companies coming from outside the United States. There also were exciting new programs and topics introduced at the 2006 event. The PhAST conference established the PhAST/Laser Focus World Innovation Award which recognizes a company who has developed one of the most promising new products in the field. This year, Daylight Solutions won for its submission, "Commercializing the Mid-IR" and four honorable mentions were given to Thorlabs, Sacher Lasertechnik, Fianium and PolarOnyx. CLEO also launched the Terahertz Technologies and Applications subcommittee, a new topic area developed due to a consistent increase in papers in this area over the last few meetings. CLEO/QELS and PhAST had a great year in 2006. We're looking forward to seeing you in Baltimore , May 6-11, 2007. Conference Program Postdeadline Papers CPDA-CLEO Postdeadline Session I CPDA1 St. -
Astrometric Reference Frames in the Solar System and Beyond
Mem. S.A.It. Vol. 83, 1001 c SAIt 2012 Memorie della Astrometric reference frames in the solar system and beyond S. Kopeikin Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Missouri, 322 Physics Bldg., Columbia, MO 65211, USA Abstract. This presentation discusses the mathematical principles of constructing coordi- nates on curved spacetime manifold in order to build a hierarchy of astrometric frames in the solar system and beyond which can be used in future practical applications as well as for testing the fundamentals of the gravitational physics - general theory of relativity. 1. Introduction equations in order to find out the metric tensor corresponding to the coordinate charts cover- Fundamental astrometry is an essential ingre- ing either a local domain or the entire space- dient of modern gravitational physics. It mea- time manifold. sures positions and proper motions of vari- ous celestial objects and establishes a corre- The standard theory adopted by the spondence between theory and observations. International Astronomical Union (IAU) pos- Theoretical foundation of astrometry is general tulates that spacetime is asymptotically-flat theory of relativity which operates on curved and the only source of gravitational field is the spacetime manifold covered by a set of local matter of the solar system (Soffel et al. 2003; coordinates which are used to identify posi- Kopeikin 2007). This approach completely ig- tions and to parametrize the motion of celestial nores the presence of the huge distribution of objects and observer. The set of the local co- mass in our own galaxy – the Milky Way, the ordinates is structured in accordance with the local cluster of galaxies, and the other visi- hierarchical clustering of the gravitating bod- ble matter of the entire universe. -
File Reference: 208737
Institute of Physics Publishing Journal of Physics: Conference Series 32 (2006) 154–160 doi:10.1088/1742-6596/32/1/024 Sixth Edoardo Amaldi Conference on Gravitational Waves ASTROD and ASTROD I: Progress Report Wei-Tou Ni1,2,3, Henrique Araújo4, Gang Bao1, Hansjörg Dittus5,TianyiHuang6, Sergei Klioner7, Sergei Kopeikin8, George Krasinsky9, Claus Lämmerzahl5, Guangyu Li1,2, Hongying Li1,LeiLiu1,Yu-XinNie10, Antonio Pulido Patón1, Achim Peters11, Elena Pitjeva9, Albrecht Rüdiger12, Étienne Samain13,Diana Shaul4, Stephan Schiller14, Jianchun Shi1, Sachie Shiomi3,M.H.Soffel7,Timothy Sumner4, Stephan Theil5,PierreTouboul15, Patrick Vrancken13, Feng Wang1, Haitao Wang16, Zhiyi Wei10, Andreas Wicht14,Xue-JunWu1,17, Yan Xia1, Yaoheng Xiong18, Chongming Xu1,17,JunYan1,2, Hsien-Chi Yeh19, Yuan-Zhong Zhang20, Cheng Zhao1, and Ze-Bing Zhou21 1 Center for Gravitation and Cosmology, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008 China E-mail: [email protected] 2 National Astronomical Observatories, CAS, Beijing, 100012 China 3 Center for Gravitation and Cosmology, Department of Physics, Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan 30013 4 Department of Physics, Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, London, SW7 2BW, UK 5 ZARM, University of Bremen, 28359 Bremen, Germany 6 Department of Astronomy, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093 China 7 Lohrmann-Observatorium, Institut für Planetare Geodäsie, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany 8 Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Missouri-Columbia, -
Recent VLBA/VERA/IVS Tests of General Relativity
Relativity in Fundamental Astronomy Proceedings IAU Symposium No. 261, 2009 c International Astronomical Union 2010 S. A. Klioner, P. K. Seidelman & M. H. Soffel, eds. doi:10.1017/S1743921309990536 Recent VLBA/VERA/IVS tests of general relativity Ed Fomalont1, Sergei Kopeikin2,DaytonJones3, Mareki Honma4 & Oleg Titov5 1 National Radio Astronomy Observatory, 520 Edgemont Rd, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA email: [email protected] 2 Dept. of Physics & Astronomy, University of Missouri-Columbia, 223 Physics Bldg., Columbia, MO 65211, USA email: [email protected] 3 Jet Propulsion Laboratory, 4800 Oak Grove Ave, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA email: [email protected] 4 VERA Project Office, Mizusawa VLBI Observatory, NAOJ, 181-8588, Tokyo, Japan email: [email protected] 5 Geoscience, Australia, GPO Box 378, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia email: [email protected] Abstract. We report on recent VLBA/VERA/IVS observational tests of General Relativity. First, we will summarize the results from the 2005 VLBA experiment that determined gamma with an accuracy of 0.0003 by measuring the deflection of four compact radio sources by the solar gravitational field. We discuss the limits of precision that can be obtained with VLBA experiments in the future. We describe recent experiments using the three global arrays to measure the aberration of gravity when Jupiter and Saturn passed within a few arcmin of bright radio sources. These reductions are still in progress, but the anticipated positional accuracy of the VLBA experiment may be about 0.01 mas. Keywords. gravitation—quasars: individual (3C279)—relativity techniques: interferometric 1. The VLBA 2005 Solar-Bending Experiment The history of the experiments to measured the deflection of light by the solar gravi- tational field is well-known. -
Relativity and Fundamental Physics
Relativity and Fundamental Physics Sergei Kopeikin (1,2,*) 1) Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Missouri, 322 Physics Building., Columbia, MO 65211, USA 2) Siberian State University of Geosystems and Technology, Plakhotny Street 10, Novosibirsk 630108, Russia Abstract Laser ranging has had a long and significant role in testing general relativity and it continues to make advance in this field. It is important to understand the relation of the laser ranging to other branches of fundamental gravitational physics and their mutual interaction. The talk overviews the basic theoretical principles underlying experimental tests of general relativity and the recent major achievements in this field. Introduction Modern theory of fundamental interactions relies heavily upon two strong pillars both created by Albert Einstein – special and general theory of relativity. Special relativity is a cornerstone of elementary particle physics and the quantum field theory while general relativity is a metric- based theory of gravitational field. Understanding the nature of the fundamental physical interactions and their hierarchic structure is the ultimate goal of theoretical and experimental physics. Among the four known fundamental interactions the most important but least understood is the gravitational interaction due to its weakness in the solar system – a primary experimental laboratory of gravitational physicists for several hundred years. Nowadays, general relativity is a canonical theory of gravity used by astrophysicists to study the black holes and astrophysical phenomena in the early universe. General relativity is a beautiful theoretical achievement but it is only a classic approximation to deeper fundamental nature of gravity. Any possible deviation from general relativity can be a clue to new physics (Turyshev, 2015). -
10. Scientific Programme 10.1
10. SCIENTIFIC PROGRAMME 10.1. OVERVIEW (a) Invited Discourses Plenary Hall B 18:00-19:30 ID1 “The Zoo of Galaxies” Karen Masters, University of Portsmouth, UK Monday, 20 August ID2 “Supernovae, the Accelerating Cosmos, and Dark Energy” Brian Schmidt, ANU, Australia Wednesday, 22 August ID3 “The Herschel View of Star Formation” Philippe André, CEA Saclay, France Wednesday, 29 August ID4 “Past, Present and Future of Chinese Astronomy” Cheng Fang, Nanjing University, China Nanjing Thursday, 30 August (b) Plenary Symposium Review Talks Plenary Hall B (B) 8:30-10:00 Or Rooms 309A+B (3) IAUS 288 Astrophysics from Antarctica John Storey (3) Mon. 20 IAUS 289 The Cosmic Distance Scale: Past, Present and Future Wendy Freedman (3) Mon. 27 IAUS 290 Probing General Relativity using Accreting Black Holes Andy Fabian (B) Wed. 22 IAUS 291 Pulsars are Cool – seriously Scott Ransom (3) Thu. 23 Magnetars: neutron stars with magnetic storms Nanda Rea (3) Thu. 23 Probing Gravitation with Pulsars Michael Kremer (3) Thu. 23 IAUS 292 From Gas to Stars over Cosmic Time Mordacai-Mark Mac Low (B) Tue. 21 IAUS 293 The Kepler Mission: NASA’s ExoEarth Census Natalie Batalha (3) Tue. 28 IAUS 294 The Origin and Evolution of Cosmic Magnetism Bryan Gaensler (B) Wed. 29 IAUS 295 Black Holes in Galaxies John Kormendy (B) Thu. 30 (c) Symposia - Week 1 IAUS 288 Astrophysics from Antartica IAUS 290 Accretion on all scales IAUS 291 Neutron Stars and Pulsars IAUS 292 Molecular gas, Dust, and Star Formation in Galaxies (d) Symposia –Week 2 IAUS 289 Advancing the Physics of Cosmic -
Research.Pdf (342.4Kb)
General Relativistic Theory of Light Propagation in the Field of Gravitational Multipoles A Dissertation presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School University of Missouri-Columbia In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy by Pavel Korobkov Dr. Sergei Kopeikin, Dissertation Supervisor AUGUST 2007 The undersigned, appointed by the Dean of the Graduate School, have ex- amined the dissertation entitled: General Relativistic Theory of Light Propagation in the Field of Gravitational Multipoles presented by Pavel Korobkov a candidate for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy and hereby certify that in their opinion it is worthy of acceptance. Dr. Sergei Kopeikin Dr. Bahram Mashhoon Dr. Adam Helfer Dr. Giovanni Vignale Dr. Aigen Li ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to thank my advisor Dr. Sergei Kopeikin for guidance, Dr. Bahram Mashhoon, Dr. Adam Helfer, Dr. Giovanni Vignale, and Dr. Aigen Li for taking the time to be on the committee and for warm, supportive attitude. I am indebted to my family, friends, and to many people who in different ways supported and helped me during the time in graduate school. ii Contents ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ii LIST OF FIGURES iv CHAPTER 1 Introduction 1 1 Historical Background and Statement of the Problem. 1 2 Notations and Conventions . 7 2 Metric Tensor and Coordinate Systems 12 1 Metric Tensor . 12 2 The Harmonic Coordinate System . 14 3 The Arnowitt-Deser-Misner Coordinate System . 15 3 Equations for Propagation of Electromagnetic Signals 18 1 Geometrical Optics in Curved Spacetime . 18 2 Equations for Trajectory of a Photon . 20 3 Equations for Propagation of Polarization Properties . -
Year in Review
Year in review For the year ended 31 March 2017 Trustees2 Executive Director YEAR IN REVIEW The Trustees of the Society are the members Dr Julie Maxton of its Council, who are elected by and from Registered address the Fellowship. Council is chaired by the 6 – 9 Carlton House Terrace President of the Society. During 2016/17, London SW1Y 5AG the members of Council were as follows: royalsociety.org President Sir Venki Ramakrishnan Registered Charity Number 207043 Treasurer Professor Anthony Cheetham The Royal Society’s Trustees’ report and Physical Secretary financial statements for the year ended Professor Alexander Halliday 31 March 2017 can be found at: Foreign Secretary royalsociety.org/about-us/funding- Professor Richard Catlow** finances/financial-statements Sir Martyn Poliakoff* Biological Secretary Sir John Skehel Members of Council Professor Gillian Bates** Professor Jean Beggs** Professor Andrea Brand* Sir Keith Burnett Professor Eleanor Campbell** Professor Michael Cates* Professor George Efstathiou Professor Brian Foster Professor Russell Foster** Professor Uta Frith Professor Joanna Haigh Dame Wendy Hall* Dr Hermann Hauser Professor Angela McLean* Dame Georgina Mace* Dame Bridget Ogilvie** Dame Carol Robinson** Dame Nancy Rothwell* Professor Stephen Sparks Professor Ian Stewart Dame Janet Thornton Professor Cheryll Tickle Sir Richard Treisman Professor Simon White * Retired 30 November 2016 ** Appointed 30 November 2016 Cover image Dancing with stars by Imre Potyó, Hungary, capturing the courtship dance of the Danube mayfly (Ephoron virgo). YEAR IN REVIEW 3 Contents President’s foreword .................................. 4 Executive Director’s report .............................. 5 Year in review ...................................... 6 Promoting science and its benefits ...................... 7 Recognising excellence in science ......................21 Supporting outstanding science ..................... -
Optical Frequency Measurement and Ground State Cooling of Single Trapped Yb+ Ions
Optical frequency measurement and ground state cooling of single trapped Yb+ ions Peter Blythe March 2004 with updates and corrections August 2005 Submitted in partial ful¯lment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy of the University of London Abstract The thesis describes experiments on single laser-cooled ions of Yb+ in a radiofrequency ion trap. 2 2 The ion is laser-cooled on the 369 nm S1=2! P1=2 electric dipole tran- 2 2 sition, and high resolution spectroscopy of the 467 nm S1=2! F7=2 electric octupole `clock' transition has been performed. The 467 nm transition can be used as an optical frequency standard. To this end, several absolute optical frequency measurements of the F = 171 + 0; mF = 0 ! F = 3; mF = 0 component in Yb have been made with a femtosecond laser frequency comb generator. The comb was referenced to a hydrogen maser which forms part of the clock ensemble used to generate the UTC(NPL) timescale. During the work described in this thesis, the linewidth of the 467 nm probe laser has been narrowed from 4 kHz to 200 Hz, increasing the measurement resolution. The frequency measurements have been supported by a full investigation of the systematic frequency shifts of the octupole transition, including the AC Stark, second-order Zeeman, quadrupole, DC Stark, second-order Doppler and blackbody shifts. Cooling an ion of 172Yb+ to the ground motional state of the ion trap by `EIT cooling' on the 369 nm transition has been investigated, both by numerical simulation and experiment. A new technique for measuring the temperature of a trapped ion without the use of a narrow transition has been developed. -
Beyond the Standard IAU Framework Sergei Kopeikin Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by University of Missouri: MOspace Relativity in Fundamental Astronomy Proceedings IAU Symposium No. 261, 2009 c International Astronomical Union 2010 S. A. Klioner, P. K. Seidelman & M. H. Soffel, eds. doi:10.1017/S1743921309990081 Beyond the standard IAU framework Sergei Kopeikin Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO 65211, USA Abstract. We discuss three conceivable scenarios of extension and/or modification of the IAU relativistic resolutions on time scales and spatial coordinates beyond the Standard IAU Frame- work. These scenarios include: (1) the formalism of the monopole and dipole moment transforma- tions of the metric tensor replacing the scale transformations of time and space coordinates; (2) implementing the parameterized post-Newtonian formalism with two PPN parameters – β and γ; (3) embedding the post-Newtonian barycentric reference system to the Friedman-Robertson- Walker cosmological model. Keywords. relativity, gravitation, standards, reference systems 1. Introduction Fundamental scientific program of detection of gravitational waves by the space in- terferometric gravitational wave detectors like LISA is a driving motivation for further systematic developing of relativistic theory of reference frames in the solar system and beyond. LISA will detect gravitational wave sources from all directions in the sky. These sources will include thousands of compact binary systems containing neutron stars, black holes, and white dwarfs in our own Galaxy, and merging super-massive black holes in distant galaxies. However, the detection and proper interpretation of the gravitational waves can be achieved only under the condition that all coordinate-dependent effects are completely understood and subtracted from the signal. -
Precise Radio-Telescope Measurements Advance Frontier Gravitational Physics 1 September 2009
Precise Radio-Telescope Measurements Advance Frontier Gravitational Physics 1 September 2009 Bending of starlight by gravity was predicted by Albert Einstein when he published his theory of General Relativity in 1916. According to relativity theory, the strong gravity of a massive object such as the Sun produces curvature in the nearby space, which alters the path of light or radio waves passing near the object. The phenomenon was first observed during a solar eclipse in 1919. Though numerous measurements of the effect have been made over the intervening 90 years, the problem of merging General Relativity and quantum theory has required ever more accurate observations. Physicists describe the space Sun's Path in Sky in Front of Quasars, 2005 curvature and gravitational light-bending as a parameter called "gamma." Einstein's theory holds that gamma should equal exactly 1.0. (PhysOrg.com) -- Scientists using a continent-wide "Even a value that differs by one part in a million array of radio telescopes have made an extremely from 1.0 would have major ramifications for the precise measurement of the curvature of space goal of uniting gravity theory and quantum theory, caused by the Sun's gravity, and their technique and thus in predicting the phenomena in high- promises a major contribution to a frontier area of gravity regions near black holes," Kopeikin said. basic physics. To make extremely precise measurements, the "Measuring the curvature of space caused by scientists turned to the VLBA, a continent-wide gravity is one of the most sensitive ways to learn system of radio telescopes ranging from Hawaii to how Einstein's theory of General Relativity relates the Virgin Islands.