CAUSAL Major Insect Pests of Ginger DISEASES ORGANISM SYMPTOMS MANAGEMENT INSECTS PEST SYMPTOMS MANAGEMENT 3.Soft Rot Pythium spp. ?The symptom initially appears as water Use disease free, healthy rhizome for planting. ? 1.Shoot borer: Infestations starts in June and continues till October. ?Collect all the emerged adult and destroy Hot water treatment for rhizome at 51°C for 10 soaking in collar region of pseudostem. (Dichocoris The moth lay eggs on the growing bud, petiole or ?Install light trap during Mid May to June, mins followed by treatment of the rhizome punctiferalis) leaf of the young plants. ?The rotting progress upwards and also Caterpillars bore through the central shoots of the July month for adult mass trapping. with Trichoderma viride. downwards damaging the rhizome. plants and feed on the growing buds resulting in ?In the stem borer infested field collection ?Provision of good drainage. withered and dried shoot referred to as “Dead Heart” -In leaf the symptoms starts as yellowing of dead heart and destruction of the same ?Application of FYM and other organic manure The presence of a bore hole on the pseudostem will help in reduction of the pest. through which frass is extruded and withered and INTEGRATED PEST AND DISEASE from the tip and progresses upwards to increase the population of beneficial ?Application of Metarhizium. yellow central shoot is a characteristic symptom towards the entire lamina. micro-organism. of pest infestation. Treatment with Beauveria bassiana @ 10g/lit water. ?Yellowing spreads from lower leaves ?Bio fumigation with residues of cruciferous crops like mustard, toria, rapeseed. MANAGEMENT IN GINGER to upper leaves. ?Application of neem cake @ 2.5 quintals ?Initially the yellowing is only on the along with Trichoderma viride @ 2.5 kg/ha margin and remaining portion of the at the time of planting. leaf margin remain green. ?Immediate removal of infected plant and drenching with COC @0.3% ?Drenching with Bordeaux mixture @1% or COC @0.3% for effective management of the disease.

INSECTS PEST SYMPTOMS MANAGEMENT 2..White grub The grub feeds on the roots and newly (Holotrichia spp.) formed rhizomes. Leaving the land fallow for 2 consecutive Pest infestation leads to yellowing of the leaves.years reduce the pest population. In severe pseudostem, the pseudostem may be Growing of resistant crops such as sunflower cut at the basal region also checks the build up of grub population. The entire crop may be lost in severely infested Sowing of trap crops such as sorghum, plantations. maize, onion etc to reduce white grub The adults are dark brown beetles and measures infestation. about 2.5mm x 1.5mm in size. Application of Beauveria bassiana or CAUSAL The grubs are creamy white and occur in soil. DISEASES ORGANISM SYMPTOMS MANAGEMENT Metarhizium anisopliae mixed with The adults emerge in large numbers with vermicompost @ 5g/kg or drenching the summer showers in April-May. 4.Leaf spot Phyllosticta ?On the leaves, small oval to elongated Growing the crop under partial shade soil with these entomopathogenic fungi @ 5g/l. IPM / State Bio – Control Lab zinziberi Application of Bordeaux mixture Two sprays of neem oil 0.15 EC (1500ppm) spots measuring l-10mm x 0.5mm appear @ 1% or COC @ 0.3% during monsoon @ 3ml/l at 15 days interval is found Food Security & Agriculture Development ?Spots will develop white papery centre to be effective. Use of light trap. and dark brown margin with a yellowish Department / Horticulture & Cash Crops INSECTS PEST SYMPTOMS MANAGEMENT halo surrounding it. ?It is an olive green caterpillar with a distinct Field sanitation should be maintained. Development Department In severe conditions leaves become 3.Leaf roller Application of Bacillus thuringiensis (Udaspes folus) black head which folds the leaves. shredded and disfigured. @ 1-2 gm /litre of water. Tadong, Gangtok, East Sikkim ?It folds the leaves and remains inside the fold and defoliates the leaves from the tip and margins. When one portion is complete it moves and makes another folds. MAJOR DISEASES IN GINGER

CAUSAL CAUSAL Manure to be applied should also to be treated with trichoderma DISEASES ORGANISM SYMPTOMS MANAGEMENT DISEASES ORGANISM SYMPTOMS MANAGEMENT 2.Dry Rot Fusarium ?Initial site of infection is roots ?Seed rhizomes are to be selected viride or T. Herzianum + Pseudomonas florescens to avoid disease occurrence. oxysporium 1.Bacterial Wilt Ralstonia ?Drooping and wilting of leaves in the Seed should be selected from disease free source. thereby causing marginal yellowing from disease free garden solanacearum Sowing should be done on disease free land based Soil solarisation with transparent polythene sheet for 30 to 45 days of older leaves early morning when there is no ?Application of Trichoderma on previous history. before planting helps to suppress all kinds of soil borne pathogen ?Affected leaves appear stunted and sunshine 4 to 5 years of crop rotation should be followed to exhibit varying degree of foliar harzianum along with neem cake avoid disease incidence. and pest present in the soil. yellowing. @ 1 kg/bed helps ?Base of the pseudo stem turns grey Avoid crop rotation with solanaceous crops like with water soaked and soft. tomato, chilli, brinjal etc. Rather go for cruciferous Regular monitoring of field is important to avoid spread of diseases. ?The affected rhizomes and roots in preventing the disease crops like mustard, radish to overcome pathogen. shows brownish lesion. ?The leaves turn yellow by collapse Removal of infected plants at the initial appearance of symptoms ?Use Bordeaux mixture or Planting ginger on raised beds help to avoid water ?The pseudo stem of dry rot of pseudostem. stagnation during rainy season. and disposal after boiling them can avoid contamination of land in affected plants do not come out copper fungicides@ 2.5 gm / lit Thick mulching should be applied to check weed ?The cut end of the pseudo stem or growth and to conserve soil moisture beside greater extent. Spot treatment with Trichoderma viride or easily with gentle pull in contrast water as spot drenching. to soft rot The affected rhizomes rhizome exudes a milky substance providing nutrient to the crops. Cow urine drenching FYM or cow dung should be well decomposed T. Herzianum + Pseudomonas florescens could be helpful. are often shrunken and dry. ?Seed rhizome should be treated The disease spread very rapidly to avoid white grub infestation. ?Both nematodes and fungus are Planting ginger in paddy field can help overcome go for planting smaller size rhizome seed (30 to 50 gms) from devastating the entire plantation found in diseased rhizome. with hot water at 51°C for ten minutes bacterial diseases as bacteria cannot survive in economic point of view. within no time submerged condition provided seed is free from and shade dry before sowing in the field. disease inoculums. Weeding should be done in time to avoid crop – weed competition ?Inter cropping with marigold. Provide proper drainage to avoid water stagnation. Seed should be treated with trichoderma viride or for nutrient light, space and also serve as collateral host to the pathogen. T. Herzianum + Pseudomonas florescens @ 5 to 10gm per kg seed before sowing. Spot treatment with cow urine. Use bio fumigation by incorporating cabbage and mustard plant.