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Método De Actualización De La Tasa Compensatoria Por Aprovechamiento Forestal Maderable En Bosques Naturales De Colombia Jairo

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Método De Actualización De La Tasa Compensatoria Por Aprovechamiento Forestal Maderable En Bosques Naturales De Colombia Jairo MÉTODO DE ACTUALIZACIÓN DE LA TASA COMPENSATORIA POR APROVECHAMIENTO FORESTAL MADERABLE EN BOSQUES NATURALES DE COLOMBIA JAIRO ANDRÉS NAVARRO GARZÓN UNIVERSIDAD DISTRITAL FRANCISCO JOSÉ DE CALDAS FACULTAD DEL MEDIO AMBIENTE Y RECURSOS NATURALES PROYECTO CURRICULAR DE INGENIERÍA FORESTAL BOGOTÁ D.C 2016 MÉTODO DE ACTUALIZACIÓN DE LA TASA COMPENSATORIA POR APROVECHAMIENTO FORESTAL MADERABLE EN BOSQUES NATURALES DE COLOMBIA AUTOR: JAIRO ANDRÉS NAVARRO GARZÓN CÓD: 20092010038 PROYECTO DE GRADO MODALIDAD MONOGRAFÍA DE ANÁLISIS DE EXPERIENCIAS DIRECTOR: JOSÉ MIGUEL OROZCO MUÑOZ JURADOS: LIZ VILLARRAGA FLÓREZ PABLO MANUEL HURTADO RINCÓN UNIVERSIDAD DISTRITAL FRANCISCO JOSÉ DE CALDAS FACULTAD DEL MEDIO AMBIENTE Y RECURSOS NATURALES PROYECTO CURRICULAR DE INGENIERÍA FORESTAL BOGOTÁ D.C 2016 NOTA DE ACEPTACIÓN _______________________________________ _______________________________________ _______________________________________ _______________________________________ _______________________________________ _______________________________________ _______________________________________ Firma del presidente del jurado _______________________________________ Firma del jurado _______________________________________ Firma del jurado Bogotá D.C. 16 de junio de 2016 A mi Familia por demostrarme el valor del esfuerzo, el deseo de superación y sus palabras de aliento A Laura García por su apoyo constante y comprensión y a su familia por el apoyo. AGRADECIMIENTOS. A la Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas y en especial a los profesores del Proyecto Curricular de Ingeniería Forestal por darme las bases necesarias para afrontar los retos profesionales. Al Ministerio de Ambiente y Desarrollo Sostenible (MADS) y al Instituto de Investigaciones Ambientales del Pacífico por darme la oportunidad de participar en el Convenio que me permitió enriquecer mi experiencia académica, laboral y profesional. A mi director, el Ingeniero José Miguel Orozco, por su disposición en la guía de la elaboración del trabajo de grado y el aporte de sus conocimientos constantemente. Al Ingeniero Pablo Manuel Hurtado, por la dedicación, la guía, el apoyo constante en el desarrollo del convenio y fuera de él y por los aportes suministrados constantemente para el desarrollo del trabajo de grado. A la Ingeniera Liz Villarraga, por la disposición a ser parte de la evaluación del trabajo de grado, al igual que por el aporte de conocimientos que enriquecieron el desarrollo del mismo. Al Ingeniero Fernando Ortiz, por el acompañamiento y participación en el convenio y la constante ayuda a afinar el instrumento económico. Al Ingeniero William Klinger Brahan, por ser parte de la construcción de la propuesta del convenio, y por su constante apoyo y aporte de conocimientos que enriquecieron el proceso de aprendizaje A las diferentes instituciones del SINA que ayudaron en el proceso con la disposición necesaria para el suministro de información, con una mención especial al IDEAM, CORPOAMAZONIA y CORPOURABA. A los funcionarios del MADS que ayudaron al desarrollo de la propuesta con su disponibilidad a colaborar, sus aportes y comentarios. Por ultimo pero no menos importante a mis compañeros de carrera que ayudaron a mi crecimiento personal, intelectual y profesional durante la etapa de formación académica. PRESENTACIÓN El siguiente trabajo de grado en la modalidad de monografía de análisis de experiencias, reúne de forma lógica y general la experiencia del proceso de actualización del instrumento económico: “tasa compensatoria por aprovechamiento forestal maderable en los bosques naturales de Colombia”, que adelanta el Ministerio de Ambiente y Desarrollo Sostenible con la participación del Instituto de Investigaciones Ambientales del Pacifico, por medio del convenio interadministrativo 271 del 2015; en el cual se busca tener la expresión matemática que sea la base de cobro del instrumento económico y que esté soportada técnica y jurídicamente, para que sea viable en su actualización, reglamentación y adopción por medio de un acto administrativo como lo es un Decreto. Este trabajo de grado entonces reúne la metodología utilizada para el proceso de actualización, la información de la cual el equipo técnico del convenio hizo uso para la construcción de la propuesta de expresión matemática, así como los análisis extras que desde la parte académica se pueden aportar para la construcción de un instrumento económico robusto de aplicación sencilla y que cumpla el objetivo por el cual fue creado que es el mantenimiento de la renovabilidad del recurso forestal maderable y el desarrollo sostenible. RESUMEN Este documento del proceso de actualización de la tasa compensatoria por aprovechamiento forestal maderable, aborda la metodología de actualización utilizada, en la cual se comienza por analizar el marco normativo, dentro del cual tiene que estar argumentada la propuesta del instrumento económico, con el objetivo de que tenga validez jurídica. Posteriormente se aborda el contexto en el cual se encuentran los bosques naturales de Colombia con la información más actualizada disponible, para obtener un panorama claro de lo que se va a gestionar, además, se pone en contexto el instrumento económico en el ámbito internacional, con el fin de identificar fortalezas, debilidades y tener una referencia comparativa; también se aborda el proceso histórico que ha tenido este instrumento económico, partiendo del último acto administrativo vigente y de las propuestas históricas de actualización que se han realizado. Finalmente, el documento muestra como con la recopilación de información y el contexto histórico, se construye una expresión matemática que fomente la conciencia de pago por parte de los beneficiarios del bosque, y a su vez, ayude a que entren en la legalidad de la madera proveniente de bosque natural. Como este proceso de actualización, es un proceso relativamente nuevo dentro del contexto del Ministerio de Ambiente y Desarrollo Sostenible, se propone en primera medida los elementos básicos que debe tener un programa de implementación del instrumento económico, que ayude a que sea un proceso de gestión exitoso y en segunda medida se propone una metodología que ayude a futuros procesos de actualización o creación de cualquier instrumento económico, con base a la experiencia adquirida en este proceso. ABSTRACT This document update process compensatory rate by timber logging, addresses the methodology for updating used, in which he begins by analyzing the regulatory framework within which must be argued the proposed economic instrument, with the aim of having legal validity. Later the context in which they are the natural forests of Colombia with the latest information available, to get a clear picture of what is going to manage also puts into context the economic instrument at the international level is dealt with in order to identify strengths, weaknesses and have a benchmark; the historical process that has taken this economic instrument, starting from the last current and historical update proposals that have been made also addresses administrative act. Finally, the paper shows how the collection of information and historical context, a mathematical expression that promotes awareness of payment by the beneficiaries of the forest is built, and in turn, help entering the legality of timber from natural forest. As this update process is a relatively new process in the context of the Ministry of Environment, Housing and Territorial Development, proposed in a first step the basics you should have a program of implementation of the economic instrument that helps make it a management process successful and second as a methodology to help future processes of updating or creating any financial instrument, based on the experience gained in this process is proposed. CONTENIDO 1. INTRODUCCIÓN .............................................................................................. 1 2. PLANTEAMIENTO DEL PROBLEMA .............................................................. 3 3. JUSTIFICACIÓN ............................................................................................... 5 4. OBJETIVOS ...................................................................................................... 7 4.1 Objetivo general .......................................................................................... 7 4.2 Objetivos específicos .................................................................................. 7 5. MARCO DE REFERENCIA ............................................................................... 8 5.1 Marco Normativo ........................................................................................ 8 5.1.1 Constitución Política de la República de Colombia 1991 ..................... 8 5.1.2 Decreto – Ley 2811 de 1974. Por el cual se dicta el Código Nacional de Recursos Naturales Renovables y de Protección al Medio Ambiente ............. 10 5.1.3 Acuerdo 048 de 1982. “Por el cual se establece la forma de liquidación y se fijan los montos de las diferentes tasa para el aprovechamiento de los bosques naturales, públicos y privados”. (Adoptado por acto administrativo por la Resolución 140 de 1983 del Ministerio de Agricultura) ................................ 11 5.1.4 Acuerdo 036 de 1983. “Por el cual adiciona al Acuerdo 048 de 1982” .. ........................................................................................................... 14 5.1.5 Resolución 868 de 1983. “Por la cual se reglamenta el artículo cuarto del Acuerdo 048 de 1982” ..............................................................................
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