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Brewing Yeast – Theory and Practice
Brewing yeast – theory and practice Chris Boulton Topics • What is brewing yeast? • Yeast properties, fermentation and beer flavour • Sources of yeast • Measuring yeast concentration The nature of yeast • Yeast are unicellular fungi • Characteristics of fungi: • Complex cells with internal organelles • Similar to plants but non-photosynthetic • Cannot utilise sun as source of energy so rely on chemicals for growth and energy Classification of yeast Kingdom Fungi Moulds Yeast Mushrooms / toadstools Genus > 500 yeast genera (Means “Sugar fungus”) Saccharomyces Species S. cerevisiae S. pastorianus (ale yeast) (lager yeast) Strains Many thousands! Biology of ale and lager yeasts • Two types indistinguishable by eye • Domesticated by man and not found in wild • Ale yeasts – Saccharomyces cerevisiae • Much older (millions of years) than lager strains in evolutionary terms • Lot of diversity in different strains • Lager strains – Saccharomyces pastorianus (previously S. carlsbergensis) • Comparatively young (probably < 500 years) • Hybrid strains of S. cerevisiae and wild yeast (S. bayanus) • Not a lot of diversity Characteristics of ale and lager yeasts Ale Lager • Often form top crops • Usually form bottom crops • Ferment at higher temperature o • Ferment well at low temperatures (18 - 22 C) (5 – 10oC) • Quicker fermentations (few days) • Slower fermentations (1 – 3 weeks) • Can grow up to 37oC • Cannot grow above 34oC • Fine well in beer • Do not fine well in beer • Cannot use sugar melibiose • Can use sugar melibiose Growth of yeast cells via budding + + + + Yeast cells • Each cell is ca 5 – 10 microns in diameter (1 micron = 1 millionth of a metre) • Cells multiply by budding a b c d h g f e Yeast and ageing - cells can only bud a certain number of times before death occurs. -
To Many Beer Lovers, Christian Monks
The history of monks and brewing To many beer lovers, Christian monks are the archetypes of brewers. It’s not that monks invented beer: Archeologists find it in both China and Egypt around 5000 B.C., long before any Christian monks existed. And it’s not that the purpose of monks is to brew beer: Their purpose is to seek and to serve God, through a specific form of spiritual life. But if monks did not invent beer, and brewing is not their defining vocation, they did play a major role in Western brewing from at least the second half of the first millennium. Let’s take a broad look at how. First, some background. Christian monasticism has its formal roots in the fourth century, when the Roman Empire was still at its height. The Empire suffered serious decline during the fifth century, the era in which St. Benedict lived (c. 480 - March 21, 547). As the social structure of the Roman Empire crumbled, monasteries organized under the Rule of Benedict emerged as centers of agriculture, lodging, education, literature, art, etc. When Charlemagne established the Holy Roman Empire in the year 800, he relied on monasteries to help weave its social and economic infrastructure – and he promoted the Rule of Benedict as the standard for monastic organization. Against this brief sketch of history, we can begin to observe the relationship between monks and brewing. In ancient days, within the Roman Empire as throughout the world, brewing was typically done in the home. This practice carried into monasteries, which had to provide drink and nourishment for the monks, as well as for guests, pilgrims, and the poor. -
Guinness Nigeria Plc. 2020 Final Rating Report
Guinness Nigeria Plc. 2020 Final Rating Report 2020 Corporate Rating Report Guinness Nigeria Plc Issuer Rating This is a company with good financial condition and strong capacity to repay A- obligations on a timely basis. Outlook: Stable Issue Date: 26 April 2020 RATING RATIONALE Expiry Date: 31 December 2020 . Guinness Nigeria Plc (‘Guinness Nigeria’, ‘GNPLC’ or ‘the Company’) is a Previous Rating: A- (expired member of the Diageo Group (‘Diageo’ or the ‘Group’) – one of the world’s December 2016) leading manufacturers of spirits, beers and wines. Diageo operates in over 180 countries and has over 200 brands across both alcoholic and non-alcoholic Industry: Brewery beverage categories. The Group is the largest international premium spirit producer in the world by revenue and continues to benefit from its global distribution networks and partnerships. Diageo has a strong market position Outline Page across multiple product categories, underpinned by its wide product portfolio Rationale 1 1 Company Profile 4 and marketing innovation. As at 31 December 2019 , the Group’s total assets Financial Condition 7 stood at £31.7 billion ($39.4 billion), while net revenue of £10.8 billion ($13.4 Ownership, Mgt & Staff 12 billion) was reported in the same period. Diageo Group has investment grade Outlook 14 2 Financial Summary 15 ratings from three international rating agencies, on the back of its improving Rating Definition 19 profitability and strong cash generating capacity. Over the years, Diageo Plc. has provided strong parental support (both Analysts: technical and financial) to Guinness Nigeria. This is demonstrated through the Ojuru Adeniji continued credit lines provided to the Company coupled with the Group taking [email protected] up its rights in the last concluded capital raise which increased its shareholdings Isaac Babatunde to 58.02% from 54.32%. -
UNITED SPIRITS Alcohol Beverage Industry India
UNITED SPIRITS Alcohol beverage industry India INDIAN ALCHOLBEV INDUSTRY IndianIndian Made IndianIndian Made BeerBeer Wine ForeignForeign LiquorLiquor IndianIndian Liquor (IMFL) (IMIL) IMFL category accounts for almost 72% of the market. Alcohol industry growth rate Spirits Market in India by Volume 5% 5% 5% 4% 4% 4% 3% 4% 4% 4% 15% 15% 15% 14% 14% 14% 13% 20% 19% 17% 22% 22% 21% 21% 19% 16% 17% 18% 22% 22% 59% 59% 60% 59% 59% 60% 60% 61% 61% 64% 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 Whisky Brandy Rum White Spirits Spirit Market in India by Value 5% 5% 4% 4% 6% 6% 5% 6% 6% 6% 14% 14% 13% 12% 10% 10% 10% 10% 10% 9% 11% 10% 11% 12% 12% 12% 12% 12% 12% 11% 70% 69% 71% 72% 72% 73% 73% 73% 74% 75% 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 Whisky Brandy Rum White Spirits Source: Equrius Report Major players in the industry Major Companies in the Indian Liquor Market Source: Equrius Report Top liquor brands in India Source: Equrius Report United Spirits – Diageo India World’s second largest liquor company by Volume. Subsidiary of Diageo PLC. One of the leading players of IMFL in India with a strong bouquet of brands like Mcdowell’s, Signature, Royal Challenge etc. In 2013, Diageo PLC acquired 10% stake in the company and gradually ramped up its share to 55% by the end of 2014. The main inflexion point came in 2015, after the whole company came under the control of Diageo PLC. -
SUDS and SNOW. Enjoy Pub Food and a Cash Bar Featuring Specialty Brews As You Enjoy Live IS THERE a BETTER COMBINATION? Entertainment
WELCOME SATURDAY, MARCH 14 This year’s BrewSki Festival marks our eleventh Noon-5pm | Festival Grounds Open - year of bringing together snow, craft beers, Sample over 60 breweries featuring and entertainment, with fun on tap from more than 200 craft brews. morning through night - and beyond. Hit the slopes, Entertainment on the main stage from 1-5pm with the share laughter with friends and join us at our snow bars entertainment from Distant Stars and Galactic Sherpas where brewery representatives share their enthusiasm, [Base area behind Main Lodge] and more than 200 brews 4:30pm | After Party - from around the world. Head inside to the Zoo Bar where the party continues with Metro Rockway. /Tents BEER AND TICKETS [Zoo Bar] We are proud to offer a diverse selection of beers, ciders, ofBoyne with Pig Roast meads, and seltzers. You can exchange one ticket for a Tent #1 SUNDAY, MARCH 10 Food Trucks *CCB * Happy's Tacos * Cheese and Co 4 oz. pour. Tickets are available for purchase at the Retail Tent Beer for $2 each until 5pm. 10am| Create your own 6 pack Saw something at the festival you loved and want to take RETAIL TENT home with you? You’re in luck! During the festival, make sure to stop by our Retail Tent. Guests will have the opportunity to purchase craft beers in a It’s the place to pick up your Brew-Ski Festival : merchandise! mix and match 6 pack! *while supplies last [Olympic Room - Above Main Lodge Lobby] purchase purchase - Admission For Pre Owners PLEASE ENJOY YOURSELF RESPONSIBLY. -
What Does Your Beer Really Cost?
WHat DOES YOUR Beer Really COST? Establishing an Effective Beer Costing Program in the Brewpub Your brewpub has been open a few years, you’re making award-winning beers, you’re a centerpiece of the community, and you’re even making a profit. Employees are happy, the bank is happy, investors are happy, and you’ve managed to get your work week down to a manageable 70 hours. Labor expenses are steady and manageable, food cost is at the industry average, and beer cost is “around” 10 percent. That’s good, right? Right? If you don’t have a clear view of the cost of your beer, you may be pouring dollars down the drain (literally). A well-established cost analysis will not only provide valuable data on the real cost of selling your suds, but may also identify areas of opportunity such as purchasing, labor and compensation analysis, and reducing waste. Many different methods exist for calculating beer cost, and in this article I’ll describe the ones I find valuable, in addition to a few I don’t (and why). BY SCOTT METZGER If you don’t have a clear view of the cost of your beer, you may be pouring dollars down the drain (literally). GROSS SALES AND REVENUE dient used times the price of each ingredi- you’re staying up-to-date on your per-recipe PER BARREL ent used and sum up the totals. Costing out costs, the cost associated with any specialty Top line revenue is a number we’re all quite each recipe like this provides the opportuni- ingredients will be captured by the respec- aware of, and we can usually gauge a suc- ty to look at ingredient costs on a per-brand tive values of your beer inventory. -
Neolocalism, Craft Beer and Beer Tourism in South Africa By
COPYRIGHT AND CITATION CONSIDERATIONS FOR THIS THESIS/ DISSERTATION o Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use. o NonCommercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes. o ShareAlike — If you remix, transform, or build upon the material, you must distribute your contributions under the same license as the original. How to cite this thesis Surname, Initial(s). (2012). Title of the thesis or dissertation (Doctoral Thesis / Master’s Dissertation). Johannesburg: University of Johannesburg. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/102000/0002 (Accessed: 22 August 2017). Neolocalism, Craft Beer and Beer Tourism in South Africa By KEAGAN JAMES EDWARD COLLINS A Dissertation Submitted In Fulfilment of the Requirements For The Degree Of Masters In Tourism and Hospitality Management In the The College of Business and Economics School of Tourism and Hospitality UNIVERSITY OF JOHANNESBURG SUPERVISOR PROF. C.M ROGERSON DECEMBER 2018 . DECLARATION I declare that the information presented in this thesis is my own original work, conducted under the supervision of Prof. C.M. Rogerson. It is submitted for the degree of Masters in Tourism and Hospitality Management in the College of Business and Economics at the University of Johannesburg. This work has not been submitted as part of a degree at another institution, but it has informed the production of three co-authored journal articles written by the same author. I understand that plagiarism means presenting the ideas and words of someone else as my own without appropriate recognition of the source. -
Beer from Fat Head's Brewery
BEER FROM FAT HEAD’S BREWERY BEER FROM OTHER GREAT BREWERIES Middleburg Hts., OH AUROCHS Sunrise Hazy IPA, PA. 6.7% ABV, 16oz | 8 * SIERRA NEVADA Pale Ale, CA. 5% ABV, 16oz | 7 FAT HEAD’S HEAD HUNTER IPA 16oz | 7 HELLTOWN Mischievous Brown, PA. 5.5% ABV, 16oz | 7 Aggressively hopped IPA, with big notes of citrus, pine and LEFT HAND Milk Stout (Nitro), CO. 5% ABV, 16oz | 7 grapefruit. A clean bitter finish. 7.5% ABV, 87 IBU ALLAGASH White, ME. 5.1% ABV, 16oz | 7 OSKAR BLUES Guava Rodeo (Sour), CO. 6% ABV, 16oz | 7 FATHEAD’S HOP JUJU Imperial IPA 12oz | 7.5 PRAIRIE Sneaking Suspicion (Sour), OK, 5% ABV, 16oz | 7.5 Citrus, pine and tropical fruit with a juicy finish. 9% ABV, 100 IBU EAST END Northern Heights (Barrel Age), PA 9% ABV 12oz | 7 YUENGLING Lager, PA. 4.5% ABV, 16oz | 5.5 FAT HEAD’S BONE HEAD RED IMPERIAL IPA 12oz | 7.5 MILLER LITE, Milwaukee, WI. 5% ABV, 16oz | 5 Hopped -up to the max, deep ruby in color, and an almost pungent piney aroma. Malts bone-up their magic 9.4% ABV, 90 IBU HARD CIDER/MEAD ARSENAL CIDERHOUSE, Pittsburgh, PA 9oz Pour FAT HEAD’S HAZY EIGHT Imperial Hazy IPA 12oz | 7.5 PICKET Bone Dry Apple, 8.5% ABV | 9 * M ango, pineapple, grapefruit and orange, mild bitterness. 8% ABV. ARCHABALD ADO, 8.5% ABV | 9 * 70 IBU. KELLY’S CONCORD GRAPE, 8.5% ABV | 9 * FAT HEAD’S GROOVY JUICE HAZY IPA 16oz | 7 LAUREL HIGHLANDS MEADERY, Iriwn, PA 9oz Pour Juicy, hoppy, big tropical notes, soft body. -
Carlsberg Uk Partners with Brooklyn Brewery on Exclusive Distribution of Craft Beer Portfolio
News Release 12 September 2016 CARLSBERG UK PARTNERS WITH BROOKLYN BREWERY ON EXCLUSIVE DISTRIBUTION OF CRAFT BEER PORTFOLIO Carlsberg UK is partnering with Brooklyn Brewery to handle the exclusive distribution of the Brooklyn Brewery beer portfolio in the UK, following agreement to transfer distribution rights from James Clay effective 30 December 2016. Brooklyn Brewery is an independent brewer whose mission is to brew flavourful beers that reflect and enrich the life, traditions and culture of creative communities worldwide. Its beer range stretches across a wide selection of quality, innovative and seasonal beers including Brooklyn Lager, Brooklyn Scorcher IPA, Brooklyn Summer Ale, Brooklyn East IPA and Brooklyn Sorachi Ace, each imported from New York and overseen by iconic Brewmaster, Garrett Oliver. The Brooklyn Brewery beer range will complement Carlsberg UK’s existing premium beer and cider portfolio which includes craft cider Bad Apple, Danish style pilsner Carlsberg Export, Italian lager Poretti, Belgium ale Grimbergen, Spanish lagers Mahou and San Miguel, and Sweden’s Backyard Brewery range including Shed Head, Bee 17 and Lawnmower. In the Free Trade Carlsberg UK will manage the Brooklyn Brewery portfolio through its newly- launched brand and sales division, House of Beers. House of Beers is dedicated to world, craft and speciality beers and ciders, and provides specialist support to customers operating premium pubs, bars and restaurants in major cities across the UK, including central London. House of Beers’ team of brand ambassadors will drive the continued growth of the Brooklyn Brewery portfolio in the Free Trade through unique events, range advice and staff training. Liam Newton, vice president of marketing for Carlsberg UK, adds: “Brooklyn Brewery is at the forefront of the craft beer revolution, brewing quality beers that drinkers seek out and enjoy. -
Signature Cocktails
Signature Cocktails Lavender Gin Fizz $18 Builder’s Botanical Gin, St. Germain Elderflower Liqueur Lavender Syrup, Fresh Lemon Juice, Perrier, Twist of Lemon Barrel-Aged Perfect Manhattan $23 Rossville Union Barrel Proof Rye, Antica Sweet Vermouth Carpano Dry Vermouth, Angostura Bitters Luxardo Cherry, Craft Ice Cube, Batch #8, Aged 46 Days Osage Smash $16 Buffalo Trace Bourbon, Fresh Lemon Juice Orgeat Syrup, Blackberries BCL Old Fashioned $23 Jefferson’s Ocean Aged at Sea Voyage 22, Pure Cane Sugar Blend of Bitters, Luxardo Cherry Tatanka $17 Zubrowka Bison Grass Vodka, Organic Unfiltered Apple Juice Honey Syrup, Fresh Lemon Juice, Big Cedar Amber Lager Table Rock Sunset $15 Tito’s Handmade Vodka, Grapefruit Juice, Lemonade, Grenadine Cannonball $15 Jim Beam Black Bourbon, Amaretto, Pineapple Juice Bottle Beer Budweiser, Coors Light, Miller Lite, O’Doul’s - $6.50 Blue Moon, Boulevard Tank 7, Corona Stella Artois - $7.50 Draft Beer Big Cedar Amber Lager, Bud Light, Michelob Ultra - $6.50 Public House Elusive IPA, Public House Giddy Goat Coffee Milk Stout Public House Revelation Stout, White River Brewing Co. Table Rock Red Ale - $7.50 Spirits, Liquors & Special Offerings Gin Beefeater · Bombay Sapphire · Builders Barrel Finished · Builder’s Botanical Hendricks · Ozark Mountain Daredevil’s · Tanqueray · Tanqueray 10 Vodka Absolut · Absolut Citron · Belvedere · Grey Goose · Ketel One · Tito’s Tequila & Mezcal Jose Cuervo Gold · Maestro Dobel Diamante Reposado · Milagro Reposado Montelobos Mezcal · Patron Silver Rum Bacardi Silver · Captain -
Diageo Luxury Brands Again Star at the Bar on Oscar® Night
Diageo Luxury Brands Again Star at the Bar on Oscar® Night Sterling Vineyards®, Johnnie Walker®, Haig Club™, Mortlach™, Talisker™ and Ketel One® Offer Ultra-premium Beverage Experience At the 87th Oscars® Hollywood, CA (February 4, 2015) – Diageo is proud to announce that it will once again feature top luxury brands including Sterling Vineyards® wines, Johnnie Walker®, Haig Club™ Mortlach™ and Talisker™ Scotch whiskies, and Ketel One® vodka at this year’s Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences’ Governors Ball. The Governors Ball is the official party following the 87th Oscars® that will take place on Sunday, February 22, 2015. This marks Sterling Vineyards’ 9th appearance at the iconic event and, for the second consecutive year, Sterling will be joined at the bar by a selection of Diageo’s world class spirits showcased in specialty cocktails. The evening’s pre-show reception will also feature wines from Sterling Vineyards and a selection of Diageo spirits for guests to enjoy responsibly. “We are thrilled that our Sterling wines and a portfolio of luxury spirits will again be served at the world’s most spectacular party, “said Peter McDonough, Chief Marketing Officer for Diageo. “This is a tremendous honor and affords us the opportunity to pour our finest offerings as we celebrate the best and brightest in film.” One of the most iconic and celebrated wineries in Napa Valley, Sterling Vineyards®’ winemakers have created two custom made wines to be exclusively poured for the evening, 2013 Sterling Vineyards Limited Edition Gold Standard Reserve White and 2012 Sterling Vineyards Limited Edition Red Carpet Reserve Red. -
A Socio- Economic History of Alcohol in Southeastern Nigeria Since 1890
CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION Background to the Study Alcohol has various socio-economic and cultural functions among the people of southeastern Nigeria. It is used in rituals, marriages, oath taking, festivals and entertainment. It is presented as a mark of respect and dignity. The basic alcoholic beverage produced and consumed in the area was palm -wine tapped from the oil palm tree or from the raffia- palm. Korieh notes that, from the fifteenth century contacts between the Europeans and peoples of eastern Nigeria especially during the Atlantic slave trade era, brought new varieties of alcoholic beverages primarily, gin and whisky.1 Thus, beginning from this period, gins especially schnapps from Holland became integrated in local culture of the peoples of Eastern Nigeria and even assumed ritual position.2 From the 1880s, alcohol became accepted as a medium of exchange for goods and services and a store of wealth.3 By the early twentieth century, alcohol played a major role in the Nigerian economy as one third of Nigeria‘s income was derived from import duties on liquor.4 Nevertheless, prior to the contact of the people of Southern Nigeria with the Europeans, alcohol was derived mainly from the oil palm and raffia palm trees which were numerous in the area. These palms were tapped and the sap collected and drunk at various occasions. From the era of the Trans- Atlantic slave trade, the import of gin, rum and whisky became prevalent.These were used in ex-change for slaves and to pay comey – a type of gratification to the chiefs. Even with the rise of legitimate trade in the 19th century alcoholic beverages of various sorts continued to play important roles in international trade.5 Centuries of importation of gin into the area led to the entrenchment of imported gin in the culture of the people.