DOCSLIB.ORG

Predictive Factors of Posttraumatic Stress and Posttraumatic Growth Among the Survivors of Van, 2011, Earthquakes’ Trauma

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Predictive Factors of Posttraumatic Stress and Posttraumatic Growth Among the Survivors of Van, 2011, Earthquakes’ Trauma PREDICTIVE FACTORS OF POSTTRAUMATIC STRESS AND POSTTRAUMATIC GROWTH AMONG THE SURVIVORS OF VAN, 2011, EARTHQUAKES’ TRAUMA A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES OF MIDDLE EAST TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY BY ÖZCAN ELÇİ IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR PHILOSOPHY IN THE DEPARTMENT OF PSYCHOLOGY JANUARY 2021 Approval of the thesis: PREDICTIVE FACTORS OF POSTTRAUMATIC STRESS AND POSTTRAUMATIC GROWTH AMONG THE SURVIVORS OF VAN, 2011, EARTHQUAKES’ TRAUMA submitted by ÖZCAN ELÇİ in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Psychology, the Graduate School of Social Sciences of Middle East Technical University by, Prof. Dr. Yaşar KONDAKÇI Dean Graduate School of Social Sciences Prof. Dr. Sibel KAZAK BERUMENT Head of Department Department of Psychology Prof. Dr. Özlem BOZO ÖZEN Supervisor Department of Psychology Examining Committee Members: Assoc. Prof. Dr. Deniz CANEL ÇINARBAŞ (Head of the Examining Committee) Middle East Technical University Department of Psychology Prof. Dr. Özlem BOZO ÖZEN (Supervisor) Middle East Technical University Department of Psychology Prof. Dr. Ayşegül DURAK BATIGÜN Ankara University Department of Psychology Assoc. Prof. Dr. Sedat IŞIKLI Hacettepe University Department of Psychology Assoc. Prof. Dr. Ilgın GÖKLER DANIŞMAN TED University Department of Psychology PLAGIARISM I hereby declare that all information in this document has been obtained and presented in accordance with academic rules and ethical conduct. I also declare that, as required by these rules and conduct, I have fully cited and referenced all material and results that are not original to this work. Name, Last Name: Özcan ELÇİ Signature: iii ABSTRACT PREDICTIVE FACTORS OF POSTTRAUMATIC STRESS AND POSTTRAUMATIC GROWTH AMONG THE SURVIVORS OF VAN, 2011, EARTHQUAKES’ TRAUMA ELÇİ, Özcan Ph.D., The Department of Psychology Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Özlem BOZO ÖZEN January 2021, 130 pages Earthquakes, like other natural major disasters involves trauma resulting from exposure and/or witnessing to deaths and injuries, extreme fear of threatening situations, loss of a significant one, monetary loss and need of extreme physical power. On the other hand, the survivors may have also present positive changes in face of adversity. In present study, both negative and positive impacts of Van earthquakes which happened in 23rd of October and 9th of November 2011 are examined. 630 volunteer teachers from Erciş and Van districts participated in the study who experienced at least one of the earthquake in the disaster area. The data was collected four months after the second earthquake. Female gender, degree of exposure (proximity to the epicenter), loss of life, helpless coping, negative cognitions about self and world are found to be the risk factors for Posttraumatic Stress (PTS). In addition to the same variables, problem focused coping also significantly predicted the level of Hyperarousal and Intrusion factors. Avoidance factor was predicted by ego- resilience, helplessness coping, and negative cognitions about self. The predictors of iv Posttraumatic Growth (PTG) were found to be female gender, ego-resilience, perceived social support, problem focused coping, fatalistic coping, and seeking support coping. The mediator role of Posttraumatic Cognitions and Coping Styles in developing PTS and PTG were investigated. The results were discussed within the previous literature and posttraumatic stress and growth theories. Furthermore, limitations of the study, implications of the findings for clinical practice and community interventions, and future research were discussed. Keywords: Posttraumatic stress, posttraumatic growth, earthquake, natural disasters, coping v ÖZ 2011 VAN DEPREMLERİNİ YAŞAYANLARDA TRAVMA SONRASI STRES VE TRAVMA SONRASI BÜYÜMEYİ YORDAYAN FAKTÖRLER ELÇİ, Özcan Doktora, Psikoloji Bölümü Tez Yöneticisi: Prof. Dr. Özlem BOZO ÖZEN Ocak 2021, 130 sayfa Depremler, diğer doğal afetler gibi kayıp, ölüm ve yaralanmaya maruz kalma veya tanık olma, tehdit edici durumların yarattığı aşırı korku, önemli kişilerin kaybı, mali kayıplar ve aşırı düzeyde bedensel güce ihtiyaç duyma gibi sebeplerden dolayı travmatik bir süreci içerir. Öte yandan, böyle zor durumlarla karşılaşan hayatta kalan kişiler olumlu değişimler de gösterebilirler. Bu çalışmada, 23 Ekim ve 9 Kasım 2011 tarihlerinde meydana gelen Van depremlerinin hem olumsuz hem de olumlu etkileri araştırılmaktadır. Araştırmaya iki depremden en az birini afet bölgesinde yaşamış olan 630 gönüllü öğretmen katılmıştır. Araştırma verisi ikinci depremden 4 ay sonra toplanmıştır. Travma sonrası stresi (TSS) yordayan faktörler olarak, kadın cinsiyeti, can kaybı, afete maruz kalma düzeyi, çaresiz başa çıkma, kendisi ve dünya hakkında olumsuz travma sonrası bilişler değişkenleri bulunmuştur. TSS’in alt boyutları olan aşırı uyarılmışlık halini ve giricilik düzeyini aynı değişkenlere ek olarak problem odaklı başa çıkma değişkeni de yordamıştır. Travma sonrası büyümeyi (TSB) ise kadın cinsiyeti, ego-resilience, algılanmış sosyal destek, problem odaklı başa çıkma, kaderci başa çıkma ve son olarak sosyal destek arama değişkenleri yordamıştır. Travma vi sonrası bilişlerin ve başa çıkma biçimlerinin aracı değişken olarak etkileri de araştırılmıştır. Bulgular, önceki yazın ve TSS ve TSB kuramlarıyla birlikte tartışılmıştır. Ayrıca, araştırmanın sınırlılıkları, elde edilen bulguların klinik uygulama ve toplumsal müdahalelerdeki olası yansımaları, gelecekte yapılabilecek araştırmalarla ilgili öneriler sunulmuştur. Anahtar Kelimeler: Travma sonrası stres, travma sonrası büyüme, deprem, doğal afet, başa çıkma vii DEDICATION To my wife and our beloved cat Pişo viii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to express my heartfelt gratitude to my previous advisor, lifelong friend and guide Prof. Dr. A. Nuray Karancı, for her endless patience, support, and encouragement. During this study, I may have fall down hundred times, but she was not tired of picking me up hundred times. I am deeply honored that I know her since 1999. I would like to express my appreciation to my supervisor, Prof. Dr. Özlem Bozo Özen for her ongoing support and patience. I also want to extend my appreciation to Prof. Dr. Ayşegül Durak Batıgün, for her helpful feedbacks and contributions over the years. I am thankful to my committee members Assoc. Prof. Dr. Deniz Canel Çınarbaş, Assoc. Prof. Dr. Sedat Işıklı, and Assoc. Prof. Dr. Ilgın Gökler Danışman for their valuable critiques and comments. Special thanks to my wife. She always supported me with love and tolerance. I am indebted to Eylem. I would like to thank to Evindar Karabulut, Berivan Aydın, Cengiz Beyde, Bayram Eren, and Adil for their sincere help during data collection in Van and Erciş. ix TABLE OF CONTENTS PLAGIARISM ............................................................................................................ iii ABSTRACT ................................................................................................................ iv ÖZ ................................................................................................................................ vi DEDICATION .......................................................................................................... viii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ........................................................................................... ix TABLE OF CONTENTS ............................................................................................. x LIST OF TABLES .................................................................................................... xiii LIST OF FIGURES .................................................................................................... xv CHAPTERS 1. INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................... 1 1.1. "Natural" Disasters ................................................................................................ 1 1.2. Earthquakes in Turkey .......................................................................................... 2 1.2.1. Van Earthquakes ............................................................................................ 3 1.3. Psychological Effects of Disasters ........................................................................ 5 1.3.1. Trauma Terminology and Posttraumatic Distress Following Disasters ......... 6 1.3.2. Epidemiology of PTSD .................................................................................. 8 1.3.3. Models of PTSD ............................................................................................. 9 1.3.3.1. Conditioning Model ................................................................................ 9 1.3.3.2. Horowitz’s Stress Response Syndromes ............................................... 10 1.3.3.3. Cognitive Model of the Maintenance of PTSD (Ehlers & Clark, 2000) ................................................................................................................... 11 1.3.4. Predictors Associated with PTSD After Disasters ....................................... 12 1.4. Posttraumatic Growth .......................................................................................... 16 x 1.4.1. Models of PTG ............................................................................................. 17 1.4.1.1. Schaefer and Moose’s Life Crises and Growth Model ......................... 17 1.4.1.2. Tedeschi and Calhoun’s Functional
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Failures of Masonry Dwelling Triggered by East Anatolian Fault Earthquakes in Turkey
    Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering 133 (2020) 106126 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering journal homepage: http://www.elsevier.com/locate/soildyn Failures of masonry dwelling triggered by East Anatolian Fault earthquakes in Turkey a,* a € b b Burak Yon€ , Onur Onat , Mehmet Emin Oncü , Abdulhalim Karas¸i_n a Munzur University, Department of Civil Engineering, Aktuluk Campus, 62000, Tunceli, Turkey b Dicle University, Department of Civil Engineering, 21280, Diyarbakır, Turkey ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Keywords: Turkey is located on active fault zones such as the East Anatolian Fault (EAF), the North Anatolian Fault (NAF) East anatolian fault and the Anatolian-Aegean Subduction Zone (AASZ). Ground seismicity activities of the NAF zone are relatively Masonry structures active compared with other faults. Eleven high-intensity earthquakes have been produced on this fault zone since Earthquake performance 1939. Whereas the EAF zone was relatively quiescent in the last century, on the basis of historical records, Updated active fault map destructive seismic activities occurred on the EAF zone in the last two decades. In this study, the rupture reason of faults, updated active fault data, and seismic maps are presented briefly.Moreover, failure reasons and failure mechanism of conventional masonry structures damaged from seismic ground motions on the EAF zone are evaluated in detail. Possible solutions are suggested on the basis of seismic codes. For this purpose, EAF-sourced earthquakes, i.e. 2003 Bingol,€ 2010 Kovancılar (Elazıg),� 2011 Maden (Elazıg),� 2011 Tabanlı (Van) and Edremit (Van) hit in last two decades on this fault are investigated. Failures of conventional masonry buildings triggered from these earthquakes are assessed.
    [Show full text]
  • Flood Risk Management in Turkey
    FLOOD RISK MANAGEMENT IN TURKEY Demet SAHIN Hydrogeological Engineer DISASTER AND EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT PRESIDENCY Dakar - 2013 CONTENT: i. TRANSITION FROM CRISIS MANAGEMENT TO RISK MANAGEMENT – ESTABLISMENT OF AFAD i. FLOOD RISK MANAGEMENT AND MAIN ACTIONS TO BE TAKEN ii. CURRENT SITUATION REGARDING FLOODS IN TURKEY iii. EFFECTIVE RESPONSE AND COORDINATION TRANSITION FROM CRISIS MANAGEMENT TO RISK MANAGEMENT – ESTABLISMENT OF AFAD DISASTER MANAGEMENT SYSTEM OF TURKEY Previous Disaster Management System Total 18.243 Deaths 48.901 Injured People Total Material Loss: 8 Billions f Dollars 100.000 KM2 15 M population TRANSITION IN TURKEY DISASTER MANAGEMENT SYSYTEM Previous Disaster Management System There were • several institutions related with disasters, lack of effective and efficient coordination. • focality on crisis management, • reactive approach for preparedness and response to disaster and emergencies, • lack of system approach. TRANSITION IN TURKEY DISASTER MANAGEMENT SYSYTEM Disaster Management is a socio-economical development challenge for the countries, not only a response issue… TRANSFORMATION IN DISASTER MANAGEMENT SYSYTEM Fundamental Changes After 99 EQs : SYSTEM REORGANIZED DIRECTORATE-GENERAL of DIRECTORATE-GENERAL of CIVIL DEFENCE DISASTER AFFAIRS DIRECTORATE-GENERAL of TURKEY EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT BY 17 DEC. 2009 PRIME MINISTRY DISASTER AND EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT PRESIDENCY AFAD In order to take necessary measures for an effective emergency management and civil protection issues nation wide, AFAD conducts; pre-incidents
    [Show full text]
  • Economic and Social Council Distr.: Limited 9 July 2015
    United Nations E/ICEF/2015/P/L.19 Economic and Social Council Distr.: Limited 9 July 2015 Original: English For decision United Nations Children’s Fund Executive Board Second regular session 2015 8-10 September 2015 Item 4 (a) of the provisional agenda* Country programme document Turkey Summary The country programme document (CPD) for Turkey is presented to the Executive Board for discussion and approval at the present session on a no-objection basis. The CPD includes a proposed aggregate indicative budget of $4,785,000 from regular resources, subject to the availability of funds, and $50,000,000 in other resources, subject to the availability of specific-purpose contributions, for the period 2016 to 2020. In accordance with Executive Board decision 2014/1, the present document reflects comments made by Executive Board members on the draft CPD which was shared 12 weeks before the second regular session of 2015. * E/ICEF/2015/12. 15-11665 (E) 150715 *1511665* E/ICEF/2015/P/L.19 Programme rationale 1. Turkey, which is approaching high-income status,1 has a diverse population of 77.7 million.2 Social development indicators continue to improve. Under-five mortality, for example, has fallen sharply, from 24 per 1,000 live births in 2003 - 2008 to 15 in 2008-2013.3 Turkey is playing an increasingly large role in the international sphere. It is a member of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) and the G-20, and is a candidate for European Union (EU) membership. Official development assistance tripled in 2010-2013, reaching $3.3 billion in 2013,4 and increased further in 2014, partly due to the influx of Syrians.
    [Show full text]
  • The 2011 Van Earthquakes Ocurred in Turkey
    Archi-Cultural Translations through the Silk Road 411 2nd International Conference, Mukogawa Women’s Univ., Nishinomiya, Japan, July 14-16, 2012 Proceedings THE 2011 VAN EARTHQUAKES OCURRED IN TURKEY Baris Denizer1, Takuya Nagae2 1 Volunteer Civil Engineer, Turkey 2 National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Prevention, Japan Keywords: Turkey East, Van Earthquake, Government and Municipality Crisis after Disaster Geology of Turkey Turkey's most severe earthquake in the twentieth century occurred in Erzincan on the night of 1939-12-27; it devastated most of the city and caused an estimated 33.000 deaths. Earthquakes of moderate intensity often continue with sporadic aftershocks over periods of several days or even weeks. The most earthquake-prone part of Turkey is an arc-shaped region stretching from the general vicinity of Kocaeli to the area north of Lake Van on the border with Armenia and Georgia. Anatolian Plate The Anatolian Plate is a continental tectonic plate consisting primarily of the country of Turkey. The easterly side is a boundary with the Arabian Plate, the East Anatolian Fault, a left lateral transform fault.[1] Fig.1: Anatolian Plate The southerly and southwesterly sides comprise a convergent boundary with the African Plate, manifest in compressive features of the oceanic crust beneath the Mediterranean as well as within the continental crust of Anatolia itself, and also by what are generally considered to be subduction zones along the Hellenic and Cyprus Arcs. The northerly side is a transform boundary with the Eurasian Plate forming the North Anatolian Fault Zone (NAFZ). 245 Research indicates that the Anatolian Plate is rotating counterclockwise as it is being pushed west by the Arabian Plate, impeded from any northerly movement by the Eurasian Plate.
    [Show full text]
  • Disaster Science and Enginnering
    DISASTER SCIENCE AND ENGINNERING 2018 - Volume: 4 Number: 1 Page: 1-11 Received: 13 Mar 2018 Revised: 20 May 2018 Accepted: 25 May 2018 2011 Van Earthquakes: Design vs Construction Barış Erdil* Dept. Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Van Yuzuncu Yil University, Van, Turkey ABSTRACT In this study, differences in design projects and the construction practice of 146 RC buildings experienced 2011 Van earthquakes are compared in the light of earthquake resistant design codes published in 1975, 1997 and 2007. Comparisons include reinforcing details, concrete strength, properties and amount of vertical load carrying members and general building properties. Although the deficiencies in the design projects decreased with the improvement of the capabilities of design software, no improvement was seen at the site. It is seen that details of ties in the design projects started to obey the rules given in the earthquake resistant design codes, but same development was not seen at the site. In addition, improvement in the concrete technology was not able to speed up the concrete quality. The slow improvement in concrete quality and the increased number of stories in the buildings made load carrying members vulnerable under axial load and shear forces. Keywords: 2011 Van earthquakes, RC building damages, design project, concrete strength. 1. INTRODUCTION Two consecutive earthquakes, 17 days apart in 2011, hit the Van region located at the eastern part of Turkey. The first earthquake with Mw=7.0 according to [1] and Mw=7.2 according to [2] occurred in Tabanlı village on October 23, 2011. This earthquake mainly affected Erciş Town, the biggest town of Van City, killing 477 people and causing injuries of more than 5000 people in the town.
    [Show full text]
  • Engineering Geologic Assessment of the Slope Movements And
    EGU Journal Logos (RGB) Open Access Open Access Open Access Advances in Annales Nonlinear Processes Geosciences Geophysicae in Geophysics Open Access Open Access Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 13, 1113–1126, 2013 Natural Hazards Natural Hazards www.nat-hazards-earth-syst-sci.net/13/1113/2013/ doi:10.5194/nhess-13-1113-2013 and Earth System and Earth System © Author(s) 2013. CC Attribution 3.0 License. Sciences Sciences Discussions Open Access Open Access Atmospheric Atmospheric Chemistry Chemistry and Physics and Physics Engineering geologic assessment of the slope movements and Discussions Open Access Open Access liquefaction failures of the 23 October 2011 Van earthquakeAtmospheric Atmospheric Measurement Measurement M = ( w 7.2) Techniques Techniques A. Karakas¸, O.¨ Coruk, and B. Dogan˘ Discussions Open Access Open Access Kocaeli University, Engineering Faculty, Department of Geological Engineering, Izmit,˙ Kocaeli, Turkey Biogeosciences Correspondence to: A. Karakas¸([email protected]) Biogeosciences Discussions Received: 30 October 2012 – Published in Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss.: – Revised: 29 January 2013 – Accepted: 18 April 2013 – Published: 26 April 2013 Open Access Open Access Climate Climate Abstract. On 23 October 2011, a M = 7.2 earthquake oc- 1 Introduction w of the Past of the Past curred in the Van Province in eastern Turkey, killing 604 peo- Discussions ple. The earthquake was triggered by a thrust fault due to a Earthquakes are natural events that have different effects on compression stress in the region, and caused extensive dam- the earth. Some effects severely affect humans, man-made Open Access Open Access age over a large area. Many structures in the earthquake re- structures, and nature.
    [Show full text]
  • 22 Economic and Environmental Forum
    EEF.GAL/9/14 7 March 2014 ENGLISH only 22nd ECONOMIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL FORUM “Responding to environmental challenges with a view to promoting cooperation and security in the OSCE area” FIRST PREPARATORY MEETING Vienna, 27-28 January 2014 CONSOLIDATED SUMMARY Office of the Co-ordinator of OSCE Economic and Environmental Activities Wallnerstrasse 6, 1010 Vienna; Tel: + 43 1 51436-6675; Fax: 51436-6251; email:[email protected] Conference documents can be retrieved from the Website: http://www.osce.org/event/22nd_eef_prep1 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .......................................................................................................................... 4 REPORTS OF THE RAPPORTEURS ......................................................................................................... 7 Session I: Impact of Natural Disasters: Losses and Damages ........................................... 7 Session II: Behind Natural Disasters – The human-environment interaction: Case Studies 1 ................................................................................................. 12 Session III: Panel Debate – Improving environmental security: How can we reduce natural disaster risks? ........................................................................... 16 Session IV: Co-operation in Natural Disaster Management and Prevention: Case studies 2 .................................................................................................. 21 Session IV continuation: Co-operation in Natural Disaster Management and
    [Show full text]
  • Proceedings of 7Th International Academic Conference on Economics, Business, Engineering and Social Sciences
    Proceedings of 7th International Academic Conference on Economics, Business, Engineering and Social Sciences Date: 21-22 December, 2019 Venue: Tbilisi, Georgia Conference Scientific Committee: Prof. Valentín Molina-Moreno, University of Granada Prof. Suresh Deman, Centre for Economics & Finance, UK Prof. Michael Saunders, San Diego State University Assoc. Prof. Arzuhan Burcu GÜLTEKİN, Ankara University Assoc. Prof. Erol DEMİR, Ankara University Assoc. Prof. Yeşim ALİEFENDİOĞLU, Ankara University Assoc. Prof. Manuel Rios de Haro, University of Granada Assoc. Prof. Diana Eerma, University of Tartu Assoc. Prof. Emre Görgülü, Afyon Kocatepe University Assoc. Prof. Ayhan Erol, Afyon Kocatepe University Assoc. Prof. Giacomo Branca, Tuscia Universit Assist. Prof. Szalai László, Budapest University of Technology and Economics Jaan Masso, Chair of Economic Modelling, University of Tartu Franceco Clarioni, Tuscia University Angela Fattoretti, Tuscia University © European Institute for Research and Development Tbilisi, 2019 ISBN: 978-9941-8-2004-5 1 Contents Parameters Affecting User Preferences in Urban Parks: The Case of Ankara-Turkey ..................................... 5 A Research on Sustainable Development and Natural Disasters: Case of Erbaa Earthquakes ......................... 6 Conservation of Sustainable Cultural and Natural Heritage: Case of Uçhisar – Cappadocia ........................... 7 How individual characteristics explain trade policy preference in Thailand ..................................................... 8 The Effects
    [Show full text]
  • Financial Management of Earthquake Risk
    Financial Management of Earthquake Risk Please cite this publication as: OECD (2018), Financial Management of Earthquake Risk, www.oecd.org/finance/Financial-Management-of-Earthquake-Risk.htm. This work is published under the responsibility of the Secretary-General of the OECD. The opinions expressed and arguments employed herein do not necessarily reflect the official views of the OECD or of the governments of its member countries or those of the European Union. This document and any map included herein are without prejudice to the status of or sovereignty over any territory, to the delimitation of international frontiers and boundaries and to the name of any territory, city or area. © OECD 2018 FOREWORD │ 5 Foreword Disasters present a broad range of human, social, financial, economic and environmental impacts, with potentially long-lasting, multi-generational effects. The financial management of these impacts is a key challenge for individuals, businesses and governments in developed and developing countries. The Financial Management of Earthquake Risk applies the lessons from the OECD’s analysis of disaster risk financing practices and the application of its guidance to the specific case of earthquakes. The report provides an overview of the approaches that economies facing various levels of earthquake risk and economic development have taken to managing the financial impacts of earthquakes. The OECD supports the development of strategies and the implementation of effective approaches for the financial management of natural and man-made disaster risks under the guidance of the OECD High-Level Advisory Board on Financial Management of Catastrophic Risks and the OECD Insurance and Private Pensions Committee.
    [Show full text]
  • Earthquake Response of Heavily Damaged Historical Masonry Mosques After Restoration
    Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 17, 1811–1821, 2017 https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-17-1811-2017 © Author(s) 2017. This work is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License. Earthquake response of heavily damaged historical masonry mosques after restoration Ahmet Can Altunı¸sıkand Ali Fuat Genç Department of Civil Engineering, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, 61080, Turkey Correspondence to: Ahmet Can Altunı¸sık([email protected]) Received: 11 April 2017 – Discussion started: 20 April 2017 Revised: 26 August 2017 – Accepted: 7 September 2017 – Published: 20 October 2017 Abstract. Restoration works have been accelerated substan- tially in Turkey in the last decade. Many historical buildings, mosques, minaret, bridges, towers and structures have been restored. With these restorations an important issue arises, namely how restoration work affects the structure. For this reason, we aimed to investigate the restoration effect on the earthquake response of a historical masonry mosque con- sidering the openings on the masonry dome. For this pur- pose, we used the Hüsrev Pasha Mosque, which is located in the Ortakapı district in the old city of Van, Turkey. The region of Van is in an active seismic zone; therefore, earth- quake analyses were performed in this study. Firstly a finite element model of the mosque was constructed considering the restoration drawings and 16 window openings on the Figure 1. Undamaged view of the Hüsrev Pasha Mosque and social dome. Then model was constructed with eight window open- complex. ings. Structural analyses were performed under dead load and earthquake load, and the mode superposition method was used in analyses.
    [Show full text]
  • Calculation of the Index of Turkey's Vulnerability in Natural Disasters
    EURASIAN JOURNAL OF 102 Original Article EMERGENCY MEDICINE Calculation of the Index of Turkey's Vulnerability in Natural Disasters Sedat Bostan1, Ünal Yaprak2 1Health Management Department, Gümüşhane University School of Health Sciences, Gümüşhane, Turkey 2Disaster Management PhD Student, Gümüşhane University School of Health Sciences, Gümüşhane, Turkey Cite this article as: Bostan S, Yaprak Ü. Calculation of the Index of Turkey's Vulnerability in Natural Disasters. Eurasian J Emerg Med 2017; 16: 102-11 Abstract Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the vulnerability levels of Turkey in terms of natural disasters and to guide decision makers and strategists in this field. In the study, disaster data obtained for 1987–2011 were used, and the disaster of type was most observed in our country. Materials and Methods: Data vulnerability indices against the disasters were calculated using a Data Envelopment Analysis Program (DEAP) 2.1 program with a Data envelopment analysis-based output-oriented Malmquist Total Factor Productivity Index method. Results: The regions of Turkey, which have the highest vulnerability index for the disasters, were TRA2 (0.323), TRB2 (0.305), and TRB1 (0.287) regions. In addition, it was seen that in the Black Sea region, the TR82 (0.267) region was more vulnerable than the other places of the region. In this study, a picture of the whole country over a period of 25 years in terms of disasters was captured. Conclusion: In the picture, it is seen that economic and social costs endured due to disasters are separated into two regions starting from the region of Eastern Anatolia and the north branch extends across the Black Sea region and the other south branch reaches to the Mediterranean.
    [Show full text]
  • Framing Community Disaster Resilience Framing Community Disaster Resilience
    Framing Community Disaster Resilience Framing Community Disaster Resilience Resources, Capacities, Learning, and Action Edited by Hugh Deeming HD Research, Bentham, UK Maureen Fordham Northumbria University Newcastle upon Tyne, UK; and IRDR Centre for Gender and Disaster, UCL, UK Christian Kuhlicke Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research – UFZ Leipzig, Germany; and University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany Lydia Pedoth Eurac Research Bolzano, Italy Stefan Schneiderbauer Eurac Research Bolzano, Italy Cheney Shreve Western Washington University, Resilience Institute Washington, USA This edition first published 2019 © 2019 John Wiley & Sons Ltd All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, except as permitted by law. Advice on how to obtain permission to reuse material from this title is available at http://www.wiley.com/go/permissions. The right of Hugh Deeming, Maureen Fordham, Christian Kuhlicke, Lydia Pedoth, Stefan Schneiderbauer, and Cheney Shreve to be identified as the editors of this work has been asserted in accordance with law. Registered Office(s) John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA John Wiley & Sons Ltd, The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex, PO19 8SQ, UK Editorial Office The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex, PO19 8SQ, UK For details of our global editorial offices, customer services, and more information about Wiley products visit us at www.wiley.com. Wiley also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats and by print‐on‐demand. Some content that appears in standard print versions of this book may not be available in other formats.
    [Show full text]