Eroe Byroniano E Confronto Tra Manfred E Faust

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Eroe Byroniano E Confronto Tra Manfred E Faust EROE BYRONIANO E CONFRONTO TRA MANFRED E FAUST Introduzione all’autore: George Gordon Byron è considerato da molti critici il poeta indiscusso della corrente romantica. Il suo spirito libero e ribelle, che condivide con il suo amico Shelley, la sua passione per l’occulto, che lo rendono un possibile esponente della scuola satanica dei poeti, il suo evidente approccio con la corrente gotica e con tutto ciò che si può definire sublime, lo rendono sicuramente l’esempio vivente della definizione “bello e dannato”. La sua deformità fisica e il suo amore impossibile per la moglie di suo cugino fanno di lui un uomo dalla complessa e misteriosa personalità. E’ infatti risaputo che la sua vita fu piena di scandali, a causa della sua natura passionale e cinica. Il suo stile è chiaro ed egli è molto attento alle forme, tuttavia dalle sue opere ne esce anche una vena satirica, il cui scopo è rendere pubblico il suo disprezzo per le regole della società, che rendono la sua scrittura un’apoteosi di sfaccettature per niente scontate che rispecchiano il suo carattere. Eroe Byroniano: Tutti i protagonisti delle opere di Byron vengono definiti “eroi byroniani” per la loro evidente somiglianza con l’autore; in alcuni casi non sarebbe sbagliato parlare anche di autobiografia. L’elemento che accomuna tutti i protagonisti è il tema della ribellione: gli eroi del racconto scappano da un passato oscuro, pieno di costrizioni e disagi di diversi tipi, che li portano inevitabilmente sulla via della perdizione. Il loro fascino attira le persone che li circondano, ma il disprezzo che provano per il mondo supera ogni tentativo di creare un legame con gli altri personaggi. Gli eroi byroniani sono discretamente influenzati dalla passione che Byron nutriva per la mitologia greca: il suo modello è infatti il Titano Prometeo, che si ribella al re degli Dei, Zeus, per donare il fuoco all’umanità; la sua superbia verrà successivamente punita con una tortura eterna, tuttavia l’umiliazione subita non riuscirà a piegare la sua forte volontà. Manfred: Manfred, l’eroe protagonista dell’opera, è un giovane nobile che vive sulle Alpi svizzere ed è torturato dai sensi di colpa per la morte della sua amata moglie Astarte. La disperazione lo porta a cimentarsi nella magia, grazie alla quale tenta di invocare sette spiriti per riportare in vita la sua amata. Tuttavia gli spiriti, che sono i sovrani della materia corporea e non dell’oblio, non hanno il potere di cambiare il passato e perciò non possono esaudire il desiderio di Manfred. Il protagonista tenta perciò il suicidio, ma verrà fermato dall’arrivo della Strega delle Alpi, la quale si propone di aiutarlo a patto che lui diventi il suo schiavo personale. Manfred, fiero e indolente, rifiuta la sua offerta, facendo ritorno al suo castello. Qui si pente dei suoi peccati con l’abate di San Maurizio, nonostante le tentazioni, e trova finalmente la pace. Faust: Il dottor Faust è un uomo voglioso di conoscenza, che decide di voler acquisire tutta la sapienza del mondo. Per questo motivo si cimenta in tutti gli studi possibili, dalle materie umanistiche a quelle scientifiche, tuttavia alla fine è deluso dei suoi risultati poiché capisce che l’uomo è un essere limitato di natura e non può sfidare la morte,il tempo e Dio. Per soddisfare la sua sete di sapere, decide di concentrarsi sulla magia, sfidando le leggi naturali del mondo e cercando di invocare qualche spirito che riesca a donargli quella conoscenza che lui cerca disperatamente. Una visione di Dio lo fa desistere dai suoi intenti peccaminosi e pensa di poter espiare le sue colpe tramite il suicidio. Tuttavia riconosce quest’ultimo come la maggiore delle colpe di cui l’uomo può macchiarsi. Sfortunatamente diventa presto il bersaglio delle tentazioni di un diavolo chiamato Mefistofele, il quale aveva fatto una scommessa con Dio per vedere chi dei due avrebbe avuto la meglio sulla volontà del protagonista, e gli propone infatti un patto di sangue che potrebbe donargli la felicità eterna in cambio della sua anima. Nonostante i diversi attimi di insicurezza e nonostante i dolori che ha dovuto sopportare, alla fine della storia l’anima di Faust, dopo la sua morte, viene reclamata da Dio e non dal diavolo Mefistofele. Confronto tra Manfred e Faust: “Faust” è un’opera scritta dal tedesco Goethe dalla quale prende spunto Byron per la sua opera chiamata “Manfred”. I fattori in comune sono molti, a partire dal carattere testardo e imperterrito dei protagonisti fino alla stessa trama. Essa condivide molti temi delicati (quali il suicidio, la fede in Dio, la volontà contro le tentazioni, la magia, ed infine l’espiazione dei peccati e la pace eterna) che vengono affrontati in modo diverso in base alla personale visione dei due scrittori; tuttavia la speranza di un lieto fine li accomuna entrambi, nonostante i loro protagonisti siano l’emblema della superbia umana che non ha mai limiti. Nicoletta Ferrante IV B Liceo Scientifico Corigliano .
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