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’S DARIEN LOWLANDS: CANOPY CAMP JANUARY 12–20, 2019

Adult female dark morph Crested Eagle

LEADER: ERIK BRUHNKE LIST COMPILED BY: ERIK BRUHNKE

VICTOR EMANUEL NATURE TOURS, INC. 2525 WALLINGWOOD DRIVE, SUITE 1003 AUSTIN, TEXAS 78746 WWW.VENTBIRD.COM

PANAMA’S DARIEN LOWLANDS: CANOPY CAMP January 12–20, 2019

By Erik Bruhnke

Panama is home to exceptional birding experiences. Over the course of the week, participants on our Darien Lowlands Canopy Camp tour enjoyed an amazing spectrum of scenic ecosystems, diverse life, and cozy lodging tucked into the wilderness. We met many amazing locals who welcomed us with open arms and prepared amazing locally-sourced cuisine that was a treat to our senses. Our tour began as we departed the Riande Hotel, located in Panama City. With our tour van loaded up and binoculars ready to go, we drove to scan the beautiful Bayano Lake, a vast reservoir of the Bayano River. We scoped out views of the beautiful Cocoi Heron feeding along the shore and had a great study opportunity of a Green Heron and its tropical cousin, the Striated Heron. Neotropic Cormorants flew overhead as they roamed along waters. Our next stop was in the Town of Torti.

The birding in Panama is high intensity, with so many all day long. A relaxing visit at Torti Avicar provided a delicious taste of the area for lunch. Just feet away from our dining table were several hummingbird feeders, as well as a tray feeder that provided food for the tanagers. Snowy-bellied Hummingbirds and Rufous- tailed Hummingbirds dined in a feeding frenzy. The large and snappy Black-throated Mangos and Scaly-breasted Hummingbirds put on a show. Just before we left, a stunning male Long-billed Starthroat took our breaths away. After lunch we ventured towards the Torti

River where we saw Male White-necked Jacobin nesting Carib Grackles (a near-exclusive resident of South America) that chattered among the hedgerows.

Victor Emanuel Nature Tours 2 Panama’s Darien Lowlands: Canopy Camp, 2019 Colorful Ruddy Ground-Doves dabbled among the roadside grit. The air smelled sweet with a whirlwind of flowers planted throughout people’s yards. A large flock of Southern Lapwings were feeding among the shallow river edges. Both Lesser Kiskadees and Great Kiskadees gleaned just above the water. An Amazon Kingfisher cackled as it flew by. Southern Rough-winged Swallows perched above the river to give their wings a rest. Birds were all around us! Our drive continued to the far-eastern region of Panama, the Darien region. While en route we scoped a gorgeous perched Savanna Hawk. Its rufous flight feathers and unique profile were breathtaking. Not far from the Savanna Hawk was a Pied Puffbird keeping safe watch. As we headed east, the “lowland” Savanna Hawk feel made itself known. The ecosystem was changing, and so did the birds. We arrived at Canopy Camp that evening, to be welcomed with a warm greeting by David Byers, the manager of Canopy Camp. A delicious dinner of locally-sourced food topped off a perfect day of birding and made for a fantastic start of our week-long tour. Before our first breakfast at the camp, a rich chorus of Howler Monkeys and Common Pauraques vocalized through twilight. In the hours to come we explored the nearby garden where we were treated to the very uncommon Gray-cheeked Gray-cheeked Nunlet... a treat to observe! Nunlet! White-vented Plumeleteers and Blue-

Victor Emanuel Nature Tours 3 Panama’s Darien Lowlands: Canopy Camp, 2019 throated Goldentails fed among the flowers. The trails took our breaths away as a complex host of canopy layers towered above us. While on the trails we enjoyed the lively presence of lek-displaying (courtship dancing) Golden-collared Manakins and Golden- headed Manakins. The melodious White-headed Golden-collared Manakin Wren left us speechless with smiles. It was an amazing morning. In the afternoon we headed to the easternmost tip of the Pan American Highway within Panama, to the town of Yaviza. A brief stop on the way was highlighted with the three species of oropendolas (Crested, Chestnut-headed, and Black)! Today was also our one day of the tour with four vulture species, as we saw King Vulture during our lunch, kettles of Black Vultures and Turkey Vultures together, and the uncommon special treat of the midday hour, a low and close Lesser Yellow-headed Vulture. At the end of the evening we scanned bushes topped with Flame-rumped Tanagers, Bananaquits, and Lesser Yellow-headed Vulture a very special sighting for the area, a Grayish Saltator. Despite the Grayish Saltator being found throughout much of Central and South America, this species’ range is essentially void of all of Panama, up until recently with this individual showing up in the Darien. This is the

Victor Emanuel Nature Tours 4 Panama’s Darien Lowlands: Canopy Camp, 2019 first time a Grayish Saltator was documented on one of VENT’s Darien Lowlands: Canopy Camp tours! The next morning we started out in 4x4 trucks to trek through Quebrada Felix, with our aim set on birding the forests of Salto Road. One of the first birds of the day was a sunrise-lit Red- crowned , chattering and chiseling away atop a dead tree. It was beautiful! Black-chested Jays squawked at each other among the denser forests we hiked through. A glimpse of a Double-banded Graytail was complemented with our one sighting of a Rose-breasted Grosbeak throughout the tour… a powerful connection with a bird soon to be found again throughout the eastern Chestnut-headed Oropendola United States via spring migration. One of the most memorable moments from the first half of the day was hearing and seeing a Striped Cuckoo singing away over rolling grassy hills. After yet another amazing meal, we ventured throughout different trails at the Canopy Camp property. The birds among the property were simply outstanding. The Bright-rumped Attilas are incredible birds. As we wrapped-up our evening checklist, a pair of Palm Tanagers tended to their nest inside a hanging flower basket, just a few feet from our chairs. The next morning was an early one as we prepared to bird along and beyond the Chucunaque River. We hopped on the large dugout canoes (each made from a single tree), driven by locals who know intimately the river and all of its bends and depths. Our departure was pre-sunrise. Striated Herons fed along the river, seen shortly after both species of night-heron (Black and Yellow) were noted. An adult White Hawk soared overhead. We parked the boats and walked into the Ancon forest where we spent the day birding. Ancient trees towered above us. A Red-

Victor Emanuel Nature Tours 5 Panama’s Darien Lowlands: Canopy Camp, 2019 throated Caracara called atop one of the trees, showing off its neon-red throat, as well as its raucous call. The high-pitched three- part whistles of the Russet-winged Schiffornis made us smile. The Darien region of Panama is The adult and chick left us speechless! the only area of Central America where this bird is found. And then it happened…the trek over the rivers and through the woods led us to a Harpy Eagle nest. The nest was enormous, and the adult Harpy Eagle watched closely over its white chick. Our experience with the Harpy Eagle was a special one. Several scopes lined up on this amazing raptor as it carefully tended to its one chick. The Harpy Eagle is the national bird of Panama, and the entire experience with this bird was heartfelt by all. On the boat ride back a flock of 6 Blue-and-yellow Macaws flew over our canoe. It was one of the most zenful birding days of my life: the delightful company of VENT clients, birding with my good friend Carlos, witnessing a Harpy Eagle and its chick, and seeing the macaws fly over. It’s amazing how powerful Adult female dark morph Crested Eagle birding can be!

Victor Emanuel Nature Tours 6 Panama’s Darien Lowlands: Canopy Camp, 2019 The following day we focused our birding energy along La Pe ñita Road and ended with a sweet finale. In the morning we visited “Kingfisher Pond” where we scoped out a gorgeous Boat-billed Heron, the petite American Pygmy Kingfisher, and a very uncommon Green-and-rufous Kingfisher. We spent the afternoon with the Embera tribe along the Chucunaque River. It was such a privilege to meet them! They graciously welcomed us to their establishment and did several dances for us. Their handmade gifts were amazing. A few of us (myself included) purchased temporary tatoos sourced from ink from native plants. The experience of simply meeting them was so special, and it was a perfect cap to an already exciting day. Our last full day of birding together was spent along a different part of the Chucunaque River and also the Tuita River, both of which led us to another very special raptor experience. Earlier in the tour, we Blue-and-yellow Macaws had observed the active nest of a Harpy Eagle. As if that experience couldn’t be topped…it happened…we ventured deep into the woods where we had an incredible viewing experience of a nesting Crested Eagle! Both the Crested Eagle and Harpy Eagle are rare; and as far as raptors go, the Crested Eagle is a tier even less expected than the Harpy. The majority of Crested Eagles are light morphs, while dark morphs are extremely rare. For nearly an hour we witnessed a dark Mother Brown-throated Three-toed Sloth with baby

Victor Emanuel Nature Tours 7 Panama’s Darien Lowlands: Canopy Camp, 2019 morph female Crested Eagle preen and perch alongside her proud nest. It was incredible. Our walk through the forest was billowing with amazing birds like Southern Bentbill and White-bellied Antbird. The boat ride back was also busy with birds. A Black-and-white Hawk-Eagle soared right over our heads! On our last morning together we visited a very special natural area west of Canopy Camp called the San Francisco Reserve. This amazing foothill and mountainside tract of land is simply breathtaking. We met Father Pablo Kasuboski from Wisconsin, who established the reserve in 2001. Shortly after arriving we scanned a large grassy field that was home to a singing Red-breasted Meadowlark and a very dashing Blue-black Grassquit. This dapper little bird was putting forth its energetic jumping/bounding display for at least 15 minutes! Higher up in elevation we had three Purple-throated Fruitcrows in addition to a Black-throated Trogon and Broad-billed Motmot. The entire Darien Lowlands: Canopy Camp experience was exciting and memorable. A big thank you to Carlos Bethancourt from the Canopy Family, our local guide extraordinaire! The birding and day-by-day moments exceeded the fun any of us could have hoped for!

Birding in the beautiful Darien

Victor Emanuel Nature Tours 8 Panama’s Darien Lowlands: Canopy Camp, 2019

CC – Canopy Camp property B – Bayano Lake T – Torti area (Torti Avicar/Torti River) PAH – Pan American Highway QF – Quebrada Felix S – Salto CR – Chucunaque River ER – El Real (Ancon Forest) LPR – La Pe ñita Road TR – Tuita River SFR – San Francisco Reserve

COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME LOCATION Tinamidae Great Tinamus major ER Little Tinamou Crypturellus soui CC, QF, EL Waterfowl Anatidae Muscovy Duck Cairina moschata LPR Pigeons and Doves Columbidae Rock Pigeon (I) Columba livia B, T Pale -vented Pigeon Patagioenas cayennensis CC, QF, ER, LPR, CR Plain -breasted Ground -Dove Columbina minuta LPR, SFR Ruddy Ground -Dove Columbina talpacoti Seen every day. Common along most paved roadsides. Blue Ground -Dove Claravis pretiosa S White -tipped Dove Leptotila verreauxi Seen every day at CC Cuckoos Cuculidae Greater Ani Crotophaga major QF, CR Smooth -billed Ani Crotophaga ani Seen every day. Uncommon along most paved roadsides Striped Cuckoo Tapera naevia PAH, QF Squirrel Cuckoo Piaya cayana CC, SFR Nightjars Caprimulgidae Common Pauraque Nyctidromus albicollis Heard at CC Potoos Nyctibiidae Nyctibius grandis CR Common Potoo Nyctibius griseus CR Swifts Apodidae Short -tailed Swift Chaetura brachyura CC, LPR Band -rumped Swift Chaetura spinicaudus S, CC Lesser Swallow -tailed Swift Panyptila cayennensis CC Hummingbirds Trochilidae White -necked Jacobin Florisuga mellivora CC, T Rufous -breasted Hermit Glaucis hirsutus CC, LPR Band -tailed Barbthroat Threnetes ruckeri ER Long -billed Hermit Phaethornis longirostris ER Pale -bellied Hermit Phaethornis anthophilus CC Black -throated Mango Anthracothorax nigricollis CC, T, SFR Long -billed Starthroat Heliomaster longirostris T Scaly -breasted Hummingbird Phaeochroa cuvierii CC, T White -vented Plumeleteer Chalybura buffonii CC Blue -chested Hummingbird Amazilia amabilis CC, T Snowy -bellied Hummingbird Amazilia edward T

Victor Emanuel Nature Tours 9 Panama’s Darien Lowlands: Canopy Camp, 2019 Rufous -tailed Hummingbird Amazilia tzacatl CC, T, QF, S Sapphire -throated Hummingbird Lepidopyga coeruleogularis CC Violet -bellied Hummingbird Juliamyia Julie CC, T Blue -throated Goldentail Hylocharis eliciae C Rails, Gallinules and Coots Rallidae Purple Gallinule Porphyrio martinica B White -throated Crake Laterallus albigularis RT Limpkin Aramidae Limpkin Aramus guarauna PAH Stilts and Avocets Recurvirostridae Black -necked Stilt Himantopus mexicanus B Plovers and Lapwings Charadriidae Southern Lapwing Vanellus chilensis T, CR Killdeer Charadrius vociferous T Jacanas Jacanidae Wattled Jacana Jacana jacana B, PAH, SFR Sandpipers and Allies Scolopacidae Spotted Sandpiper Actitis macularius B, T, CR Solitary Sandpiper Tringa solitaria QF, CR Storks Ciconiidae Wood Stork Mycteria americana PAH, TR, CC Frigatebirds Fregatidae Magnificent Frigatebird Fregata magnificens CR, T Anhinga Anhingidae Anhinga Anhinga anhinga TR Cormorants Phalacrocoracidae Neotropic Cormorant Phalacrocorax brasilianus B, PAH, CR, TR Pelicans Pelecanidae Rufescent -Heron Tigrisoma lineatum CR Great Blue Heron Ardea herodias B, CR Cocoi Heron Ardea cocoi B, CR Great Egret Ardea alba B, CR, LPR, TR Snowy Egret Egretta thula PAH, CR, TR Little Blue Heron Egretta caerulea CR, TR Tricolored Heron Egretta tricolor B, CR, TR Cattle Egret Bubulcus ibis Seen every day. Regular along roadsides. Green Heron Butorides virescens B Striated Heron Butorides striata B, CR Black -crowned Night -Heron Nycticorax nycticorax ER, CR Yellow -crowned Night -Heron Nyctanassa violacea ER, CR Boat -billed Heron Cochlearius cochlearius LPR Ibises and Spoonbills Threskiornithidae White Ibis Eudocimus albus CR, TR Green Ibis Mesembrinibis cayennensis CR New World Vultures Cathartidae King Vulture Sarcoramphus papa CC, PAH, QF, SFR Black Vulture Coragyps atratus Seen every day. Found among various forests and roadsides. Turkey Vulture Cathartes aura Seen every day. Found among various forests and roadsides. Lesser Yellow -headed Vulture Cathartes burrovianus PAH - Amazingly close views of a soaring bird! Osprey Pandionidae Osprey Pandion haliaetus B

Victor Emanuel Nature Tours 10 Panama’s Darien Lowlands: Canopy Camp, 2019 Hawks, Eagles and Kites Accipitridae Pearl Kite Gampsonyx swainsonii T Swallow -tailed Kite Elanoides forficatus CR Harpy Eagle Harpia harpyja TR - Amazing experience with adult and chick CR - Incredible experience with adult female dark morph and Crested Eagle Morphnus guianensis chick! Black Hawk -Eagle Spizaetus tyrannus TR Black -collared Hawk Busarellus nigricollis CR Crane Hawk Geranospiza caerulescens ER Common Black Hawk Buteogallus anthracinus CR, SFR Savanna Hawk Buteogallus meridionalis PAH, ER Roadside Hawk Rupornis magnirostris T, PAH White Hawk Pseudastur albicollis CR, CC Gray -lined Hawk Buteo nitidus CC Broad -winged Hawk Buteo platypterus CC Short -tailed Hawk Buteo brachyurus PAH Owls Strigidae Crested Owl Lophostrix cristata CC Central American Pygmy -Owl Glaucidium griseiceps CC Mottled Owl Ciccaba virgata CC Black -and -white Owl Ciccaba nigrolineata CC Trogons Trogonidae Slaty -tailed Trogon Trogon massena CC Black -tailed Trogon Trogon melanurus B, CC, LPR White -tailed Trogon Trogon chionurus CC, SFR Gartered Trogon Trogon caligatus CC Black -throated Trogon Trogon rufus SFR Motmots Momotidae Whooping Motmot Momotus subrufescens CC, S, ER, SFR Broad -billed Motmot Electron platyrhynchum SFR Kingfishers Alcedinidae Ringed Kingfisher Megaceryle torquata B, T, CC, CR, TR Amazon Kingfisher Chloroceryle amazona B, CR American Pygmy Kingfisher Chloroceryle aenea LPR Green Kingfisher Chloroceryle americana CR Green -and -rufous Kingfisher Chloroceryle inda LPR Puffbirds Bucconidae White -necked Puffbird Notharchus hyperrhynchus S Pied Puffbird Notharchus tectus CC, S, SFR Barred Puffbird Nystalus radiatus CC White -whiskered Puffbird Malacoptila panamensis S Gray -cheeked Nunlet Nonnula frontalis CC Jacamars Galbulidae Dusky -backed Jacamar Brachygalba salmoni CR Rufous -tailed Jacamar Galbula ruficauda CR Great Jacamar Jacamerops aureus CR New World Barbets Capitonidae Spot -crowned Barbet Capito maculicoronatus CC Toucans Ramphastidae Collared Aracari Pteroglossus torquatus CC, PAH Yellow -throated Toucan Ramphastos ambiguus CC, PAH

Victor Emanuel Nature Tours 11 Panama’s Darien Lowlands: Canopy Camp, 2019 Keel -billed Toucan Ramphastos sulfuratus CC, PAH, CR Picidae Olivaceous Piculet Picumnus olivaceus CC, LPR Black -cheeked Woodpecker Melanerpes pucherani CC, PAH, QF, S, LPR Red -crowned Woodpecker Melanerpes rubricapillus B, CC, PAH, QF, S, LPR, SFR Red -rumped Woodpecker Dryobates kirkii CC, PAH Crimson -crested Woodpecker Campephilus melanoleucos LPR Lineated Woodpecker Dryocopus lineatus PAH, LPR Cinnamon Woodpecker Celeus loricatus QF, LPR Golden -green Woodpecker Piculus chrysochloros LPR Spot -breasted Woodpecker Colaptes punctigula PAH, LPR Falcons and Caracaras Falconidae Collared Forest -Falcon Micrastur semitorquatus TR Red -throated Caracara Ibycter americanus ER Yellow -headed Caracara Milvago chimachima Seen regularly along roadsides. Common raptor. Laughing Falcon Herpetotheres cachinnans ER Bat Falcon Falco rufigularis CR African & New World Parrots Psittacidae Orange -chinned Parakeet Brotogeris jugularis Seen every day, along various forest edges. Brown -hooded Parrot Pyrilia haematotis TR Blue -headed Parrot Pionus menstruus CC, CR, LPR Red -lored Parrot Amazona autumnalis Seen every day throughout various habitats Mealy Parrot Amazona farinosa ER Spectacled Parrotlet Forpus conspicillatus LPR Blue -and -yellow Macaw Ara ararauna CR Typical Antbirds Thamnophilidae Barred Antshrike Thamnophilus doliatus SFR Black -crowned Antshrike Thamnophilus atrinucha CC, S, ER, SFR (Western Slaty-Antshrike) formerly Black Antshrike Thamnophilus nigriceps LPR Checker -throated Antwren Epinecrophylla fulviventris ER Moustached Antwren Myrmotherula ignota S Pacific Antwren Myrmotherula pacifica CC White -flanked Antwren Myrmotherula axillaris CC Dot -winged Antwren Microrhopias quixensis SFR White -bellied Antbird Myrmeciza longipes CC, TR Chestnut -backed Antbird Poliocrania exsul S, SFR Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers Furnariidae Plain -brown Woodcreeper Dendrocincla fuliginosa CC Wedge -billed Woodcreeper Glyphorynchus spirurus QF, S Northern Barred -Woodcreeper Dendrocolaptes sanctithomae S Cocoa Woodcreeper Xiphorhynchus susurrans S, CC Black -striped Woodcreeper Xiphorhynchus lachrymosus CC, ER Streak -headed Woodcreeper Lepidocolaptes souleyetii CC, PAH, S, SFR Plain Xenops Xenops minutus CC, TR, SFR Double -banded Graytail Xenerpestes minlosi S, LPR Tyrant Flycatchers Tyrannidae Southern Beardless -Tyrannulet Camptostoma obsoletum SFR Yellow Tyrannulet Capsiempis flaveola CC Yellow -crowned Tyrannulet Tyrannulus elatus CC, LPR

Victor Emanuel Nature Tours 12 Panama’s Darien Lowlands: Canopy Camp, 2019 Forest Elaenia Myiopagis gaimardii CC, PAH, SFR Yellow -bellied Elaenia Elaenia flavogaster PAH, CC, SFR Olive -striped Flycatcher Mionectes olivaceus CC Southern Bentbill Oncostoma olivaceum TR Common Tody -Flycatcher Todirostrum cinereum CC, SFR Black -headed Tody -Flycatcher Todirostrum nigriceps PAH Olivaceous Flatbill Rhynchocyclus olivaceus CC, PAH, S, ER, CR Yellow -margined Flycatcher Tolmomyias assimilis S, ER Golden -crowned Spadebill Platyrinchus coronatus ER Royal Flycatcher Onychorhynchus coronatus S Ruddy -tailed Flycatcher Terenotriccus erythrurus PAH, SFR Black -tailed Flycatcher Myiobius atricaudus LPR Eastern Wood -Pewee Contopus virens S, ER, LPR Tropical Pewee Contopus cinereus SFR Acadian Flycatcher Empidonax virescens ER Willow Flycatcher Empidonax traillii PAH Pied Water -Tyrant Fluvicola pica CC, LPR Long -tailed Tyrant Colonia colonus LPR Bright -rumped Attila Attila spadiceus CC, QF, ER Choco Sirystes albogriseus S Rufous Mourner holerythra S, TR Dusky -capped Flycatcher tuberculifer CC Great Crested Flycatcher Myiarchus crinitus CC, PAH, S, ER, CLPR, CR, SFR Lesser Kiskadee Pitangus lictor T, LPR Great Kiskadee Pitangus sulphuratus T, ER, SFR Boat -billed Flycatcher Megarynchus pitangua CC Rusty -margined Flycatcher Myiozetetes cayanensis CC, LPR, SFR Social Flycatcher Myiozetetes similis B, CC, S, LPR, SFR Streaked Flycatcher Myiodynastes maculatus CC, CR, TR, SFR Piratic Flycatcher Legatus leucophaius CC, PAH, S, CR Tropical Kingbird Tyrannus melancholicus T, CC, PAH Fork -tailed Flycatcher Tyrannus savana PAH, ER Cotingidae Purple -throated Fruitcrow Querula purpurata CC, SFR Manakins Pipridae Golden -collared Manakin Manacus vitellinus CC, ER Golden -headed Manakin Ceratopipra erythrocephala CC, ER Becards, Tityras & Allies Tityridae Black -crowned Tityra Tityra inquisitor LPR Masked Tityra Tityra semifasciata CC Russet -winged Schiffornis Schiffornis stenoryncha ER, CC Laniocera rufescens S Cinnamon Becard Pachyramphus cinnamomeus CC, S, SFR White -winged Becard Pachyramphus polychopterus CC Vireos Vireonidae Scrub Greenlet Hylophilus flavipes CC Lesser Greenlet Pachyslyvia decurtatus CC Yellow -throated Vireo Vireo flavifrons CC Yellow -green Vireo Vireo flavoviridis T Crows, Jays and Magpies Corvidae Black -chested Jay Cyanocorax affinis CC, S, ER, SFR

Victor Emanuel Nature Tours 13 Panama’s Darien Lowlands: Canopy Camp, 2019 Swallows Hirundinidae Southern Rough-winged Swallow Stelgidopteryx ruficollis Seen every day among a variety of habitats. Gray -breasted Martin Progne chalybea Seen every day among a variety of habitats. Mangrove Swallow Tachycineta albilinea CR, TR Wrens Troglodytidae Scaly -breasted Wren Microcerculus marginatus S House Wren Troglodytes aedon Seen every day. Campylorhynchus White -headed Wren albobrunneus CC, PAH, ER Black -bellied Wren Pheugopedius fasciatoventris CC, S, ER, TR Buff -breasted Wren Cantorchilus leucotis CC White -breasted Wood -Wren Henicorhina leucosticta CC, S Song Wren Cyphorhinus phaeocephalus SFR Gnatcatchers Polioptilidae Long -billed Gnatwren Ramphocaenus melanurus SFR Tropical Gnatcatcher Polioptila plumbea CC, PAH, QF Donacobius Donacobiidae Black -capped Donacobius Donacobius atricapilla LPR Thrushes and Allies Turdidae Clay -colored Thrush Turdus grayi CC, SFR Mockingbirds and Thrashers Mimidae Tropical Mockingbird (I) Mimus gilvus CC, PAH Wagtails and Pipits Motacillidae Yellowish Pipit Anthus lutescens Finches, Euphonias, and Allies Fringillidae Yellow -crowned Euphonia Euphonia luteicapilla CC, PAH Thick -billed Euphonia Euphonia laniirostris T, CC, S, CR, SFR Fulvous -vented Euphonia Euphonia fulvicrissa B Troupials and Allies Icteridae Eastern Meadowlark Sturnella magna SFR Red -breasted Meadowlark Leistes militaris PAH, SFR Crested Oropendola Psarocolius decumanus PAH, LPR PAH, and seen every day at CC. Amazing experience to see them Chestnut -headed Oropendola Psarocolius wagleri daily and up close. Black Oropendola Psarocolius guatimozinus PAH, LPR Yellow -rumped Cacique Cacicus cela LPR Orchard Oriole Icterus spurius T Yellow -backed Oriole Icterus chrysater SFR Yellow -tailed Oriole Icterus mesomelas CC, LPR Baltimore Oriole Icterus galbula B, T Shiny Cowbird Molothrus bonariensis CC, S, ER, CR Giant Cowbird Molothrus oryzivorus CC, PAH, ER Great -tailed Grackle Quiscalus mexicanus B, T, LPR, CC Carib Grackle Quiscalus lugubris T New World Warblers Parulidae Northern Waterthrush Parkesia noveboracensis CC, S, LPR, CR Prothonotary Warbler Protonotaria citrea CC, PAH Tennessee Warbler Oreothlypis peregrina CC Cerulean Warbler Setophaga cerulea CC Tropical Parula Setophaga pitiayumi CC Bay -breasted Warbler Setophaga castanea CC, S, CR, TR, SFR

Victor Emanuel Nature Tours 14 Panama’s Darien Lowlands: Canopy Camp, 2019 Yellow Warbler Setophaga petechia CC, PAH, CR Cardinals and Allies Cardinalidae Summer Tanager Piranga rubra Observed every day. Uncommon but widespread through forests. Rose -breasted Grosbeak Pheucticus ludovicianus S Blue -black Grosbeak Cyanocompsa cyanoides SFR Tanagers and Allies Thraupidae Gray -headed Tanager Eucometis penicillata LPR White -shouldered Tanager Tachyphonus luctuosus CC, S, ER, LPR, SFR Flame (Lemon) -rumped Tanager Ramphocelus flammigerus CC, PAH, ER, LPR Crimson -backed Tanager Ramphocelus dimidiatus CC, PAH, LPR, SFR Beautiful and common. Seen all but one day among a variety of Blue -gray Tanager Thraupis episcopus forests. Seen every day among a variety of forests. Nesting at the Palm Tanager Thraupis palmarum commons area of CC. Golden -hooded Tanager Tangara larvata T, CC, SFR Plain -colored Tanager Tangara inornata T, CC, S, LPR, CR, SFR Blue Dacnis Dacnis cayana T, CC, CR Red -legged Honeycreeper Cyanerpes cyaneus T Blue -black Grassquit Volatinia jacarina PAH, SFR Ruddy -breasted Seedeater Sporophila minuta T Thick -billed Seed -Finch Sporophila funerea LPR Variable Seedeater Sporophila corvina PAH, SFR Bananaquit Coereba flaveola T, CC, PAH, QF, CR, ER, LPR, SFR Buff -throated Saltator Saltator maximus T Grayish Saltator Saltator coerulescens PAH - A rare write -in!

MAMMALS Three-toed Sloths Bradypodidae Brown-throated Three-toed Sloth Bradypus variegatus QF, CR, LPR, SFR Tamarins Callitrichidae Geoffroy's Tamarin Saguinus geoffroyi PAH Monkeys Cebidae White -throated Capuchin Cebus capuchinus CC, S Large Monkeys Atelidae Mantled Howler Monkey Alouatta palliata Heard almost every night/morning at CC Squirrels, Prairie & Marmots Sciuridae Red -tailed Squirrel Sciurus granatensis CC Plain-nosed Bats Vespertilionidae Bat spp. CC Tayra Eira barbara CR Olingo gabbii CC Crab -eating cancrivorus CR

AMPHIBIANS/REPTILES House Gecko Hemidactylus frenatus Common Basalisk Basiliscus basiliscus Rocket Frog Colostethus panamansis

BUTTERFLIES

Victor Emanuel Nature Tours 15 Panama’s Darien Lowlands: Canopy Camp, 2019 Monarch Danaus plexippus Queen Danaus gilippus Cattle Heart Parides eurimedes White Peacock Anartia jatrophae Julia Heliconian Dryas iulia Banded Peacock Anartia fatima Owl Eye Caligo sp. Blue Morpho Morpho menelaus Red Rim Biblis hyperia

Victor Emanuel Nature Tours 16 Panama’s Darien Lowlands: Canopy Camp, 2019