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A Bridge Too Far?

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A Bridge Too Far? Windels Anthony Master Geschiedenis Academiejaar 2009-2010 Universiteit Gent Faculteit Letteren en Wijsbegeerte Masterproef Operatie Market Garden en de weergave in de historische speelfilm: A Bridge Too Far? Promotor: Prof. Dr. Bruno De Wever Universiteit Gent Examencommissie Geschiedenis Academiejaar 2009-2010 Verklaring in verband met de toegankelijkheid van de scriptie Ondergetekende, ………………………………………………………………………………... afgestudeerd Master in de Geschiedenis aan Universiteit Gent in het academiejaar 2009-2010 en auteur van de scriptie met als titel: ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………… verklaart hierbij dat zij/hij geopteerd heeft voor de hierna aangestipte mogelijkheid in verband met de consultatie van haar/zijn scriptie: o de scriptie mag steeds ter beschikking worden gesteld van elke aanvrager; o de scriptie mag enkel ter beschikking worden gesteld met uitdrukkelijke, schriftelijke goedkeuring van de auteur (maximumduur van deze beperking: 10 jaar); o de scriptie mag ter beschikking worden gesteld van een aanvrager na een wachttijd van … . jaar (maximum 10 jaar); o de scriptie mag nooit ter beschikking worden gesteld van een aanvrager (maximumduur van het verbod: 10 jaar). Elke gebruiker is te allen tijde verplicht om, wanneer van deze scriptie gebruik wordt gemaakt in het kader van wetenschappelijke en andere publicaties, een correcte en volledige bronverwijzing in de tekst op te nemen. Gent, ………………………………………(datum) ………………………………………( handtekening) Windels Anthony Master Geschiedenis Academiejaar 2009-2010 Universiteit Gent Faculteit Letteren en Wijsbegeerte Masterproef Operatie Market Garden en de weergave in de historische speelfilm: A Bridge Too Far? Promotor: Prof. Dr. Bruno De Wever 'History doesn't have much impact if you just issue a bunch of dates and military manoeuvres. It is most effective when it features drama between real people, and when the real human cost is evident.'' Damian Lewis, acteur.1 1 http://www.bbc.co.uk/drama/bandofbrothers/ i Dankwoord Ik zou met dit stukje graag de mensen willen bedanken die mij geholpen hebben bij het schrijven van deze masterproef. Allereerst is er prof. dr. Bruno De Wever die ik wil bedanken voor de begeleiding en het advies bij het tot stand komen en afwerken van deze masterproef. Verder is er prof. dr. Luc De Vos van de Koninklijke Militaire School die mij deskundig advies gaf omtrent het militaire aspect dat aan bod komt in deze thesis. Ook zou ik de directeur van het museum Hotel Hartenstein in Oosterbeek, de heer Dick Schluter,¨ die mij interessante informatie en raad kon verschaffen willen vermelden in deze dankbetuiging. Inhoudsopgave 1 Inleiding 1 2 Het historisch kader 5 2.1 Inleiding . 5 2.2 West-Europa in 1944 . 5 2.3 De eerste plannen . 7 2.3.1 de geallieerden . 8 Operatie Market Garden . 8 De praktische invullingen en problemen . 11 2.3.2 De Duitsers . 14 De Duitse chaos . 14 Het IIdeSS Pantserkorps . 17 2.4 Dag 1: 17 september . 19 2.4.1 Het begin . 19 2.4.2 De geallieerden . 20 Het XXXste Korps . 20 Arnhem . 21 Nijmegen . 24 Eindhoven ( zie figuur A.4) . 26 2.4.3 De Duitsers . 28 De eerste reacties . 28 Het IIde SS Pantserkorps . 30 De organisatie van de verdediging . 32 Arnhem . 34 Nijmegen . 36 Eindhoven en Neerpelt . 37 besluit van dag 1 . 39 2.5 Dag 2: 18 september . 40 2.5.1 De geallieerden . 40 ii Inhoudsopgave iii Het XXXste Korps . 40 Arnhem . 40 Nijmegen . 44 Eindhoven . 46 2.6 De Duitse reactie . 47 De verkeersbrug van Arnhem . 47 De perimeter Oosterbeek-Arnhem . 50 Nijmegen . 52 Eindhoven . 55 Besluit van dag 2. 56 2.7 Dag 3: 19 september . 57 2.7.1 De geallieerden . 57 Het XXXste Korps . 57 Arnhem . 58 Nijmegen . 62 Eindhoven . 63 2.7.2 De Duitse reactie . 65 De verkeersbrug van Arnhem . 65 De perimeter Oosterbeek-Arnhem . 66 Nijmegen . 70 Eindhoven . 71 Besluit van dag 3 . 73 2.8 Dag 4: 20 september . 74 2.8.1 De geallieerden . 74 Het XXXste Korps . 74 De verkeersbrug van Arnhem . 75 De perimeter rond Oosterbeek-Arnhem . 76 Nijmegen . 78 EIndhoven . 80 2.8.2 De Duitse reactie . 81 De verkeersbrug van Arnhem . 81 De perimeter Oosterbeek-Arnhem . 82 Nijmegen . 84 De nasleep van Nijmegen . 86 Het oosten van de sector Nijmegen . 88 Eindhoven . 91 Besluit van dag 4 . 92 2.9 Dag 5: 21 september . 92 2.9.1 De geallieerden . 92 Inhoudsopgave iv Het XXXste Korps . 92 De verkeersbrug van Arnhem . 94 De perimeter rond Oosterbeek-Arnhem . 96 2.9.2 De Duitse reactie . 97 Het opperbevel, luchtafweer en de bevoorrading . 97 De Verkeersbrug . 99 De perimeter Oosterbeek-Arnhem . 100 2.10 Het Eiland . 102 De situatie . 102 De Duitse tegenmaatregelen . 103 De Poolse landingen . 105 Besluit van dag 5 . 107 2.11 Dag 6: 22 september . 108 2.11.1 De geallieerden . 108 Het XXXsteHet Eiland . 108 Het XXXste Korps in Veghel . 108 De perimeter van Oosterbeek-Arnhem . 109 De Polen op het Eiland . 109 De 101steAirborne in Schijndel . 110 De 101steAirborne en Veghel . 111 2.11.2 De Duitse reactie . 113 De perimeter Oosterbeek-Arnhem . 113 Veghel . 113 Besluit van dag 6 . 116 2.12 De laatste dagen: 24, 25 en 26 september . 116 2.12.1 De geallieerden . 116 Het XXXste Korps . 116 De perimeter rond Oosterbeek-Arnhem . 117 Operatie Berlijn . 118 Eindhoven . 119 2.12.2 De Duitse reactie . 121 De verkeersbrug van Arnhem . 121 Eindhoven . ..
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