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Universidade Do Algarve Bodybuilders: A UNIVERSIDADE DO ALGARVE BODYBUILDERS: A CONSTRUÇÃO DO CORPO, DO SUJEITO E DA ALTERIDADE ENQUANTO OBJECTO ARTÍSTICO Rafael Alvarez Dissertação Doutoramento em Artes, Comunicação e Património (Especialidade em Comunicação, Cultura e Artes) 2016 UNIVERSIDADE DO ALGARVE BODYBUILDERS: A CONSTRUÇÃO DO CORPO, DO SUJEITO E DA ALTERIDADE ENQUANTO OBJECTO ARTÍSTICO Rafael Alvarez Dissertação Doutoramento em Artes, Comunicação e Património (Especialidade em Comunicação, Cultura e Artes) Trabalho efectuado sob a orientação de: Professora Doutora Eugénia Vasques e co-orientação de: Professor António Branco 2016 BODYBUILDERS: A CONSTRUÇÃO DO CORPO, DO SUJEITO E DA ALTERIDADE ENQUANTO OBJECTO ARTÍSTICO Rafael Alvarez RESUMO PALAVRAS-CHAVE: corpo, identidade, sujeito, self, outro, espelho, performance, género, pós-modernidade, pós-colonialismo, liberdade, pluralismo, pop. BODYBUILDERS, incide na análise e reflexão em torno de um conjunto de obras e criadores cujo discurso e prática autoral se foca no corpo enquanto matéria, forma e objecto, através da sua espectacularização/especulação. A auto- representação do corpo e a construção de identidade(s)/subjectividade(s) e do lugar do outro, surgem como problemáticas centrais desta investigação, Falamos de artistas e obras que vivem de imagens construídas, coladas, esculpidas, materializadas, subtraídas, travestidas e inscritas no corpo – o corpo do artista/criador/autor, ele mesmo, corporalizadas na primeira pessoa do singular. O corpo funciona aqui como canvas, como folha em branco, palco vazio, cenário e protótipo. A investigação de cariz, transversal e interdisciplinar, parte da análise de diferentes práticas e discursos artísticos que exploram, traduzem, desconstroem, problematizam ou questionam este corpo enquanto matéria, ferramenta, media, objecto, display ou linguagem. A apropriação e o jogo de palavras implícito no título - bodybuilders, surge-nos como a metáfora que atravessa toda a reflexão, para pensar e debater um corpo, que é simultaneamente construção, conceito, objecto e representação, problematizando um mundo pós-moderno de paradoxos e paradigmas. Reflecte- se de igual modo, sobre as implicações que tais alterações de paradigmas, inferem nas práticas artísticas contemporâneas, no espaço social e nas políticas corporais, dando relevância as suas dimensões éticas, políticas e estéticas. Os corpos que ocupam os palcos que aqui se investigam, são devedores das heranças da filosofia de Foucault e de Arendt (entre outros), e estão, sob influência dos contributos da teoria crítica feminista, dos estudos de género, dos cultural studies e do pós-colonialismo. O corpo destes bodybuilders é um corpo utópico mas real, e é nesse sentido que se conduz esta reflexão, procurando entender e problematizar o lugar de interpelação do real a que a criação artística convida, numa mediação constante dos nossos modos de ver o outro e a nós mesmos. O corpo que aqui se convoca, é um corpo ready-made, de espelhos e vontades de representação/transformação do mundo. É um corpo de alteridades, pluralidades e liberdades. BODYBUILDERS: A CONSTRUÇÃO DO CORPO, DO SUJEITO E DA ALTERIDADE ENQUANTO OBJECTO ARTÍSTICO ABSTRACT KEYWORDS: body, identity, subject, self, other, mirror, performance, gender, post-modernity, post-colonialism, freedom, pluralism, pop. BODYBUILDERS, focus on the analysis and reflection upon a group of artists and pieces, whose practice reflects a body explored as primary material, subject, form and object, and through which, they experiment its spectacularization and speculation. The main problematic addressed is the self-representation of the body and the construction of identity/subjectivity and the conceptualization of the other. The analysed artists and pieces, live under a regime of materialization, inscription and corporalization, embodied under the same entity – the author himself, artist and creator. Its body and skin – subject and object, appear as empty stage, white canvas, prop and set. This interdisciplinary research, departures from the analysis of different artistic practices and discourses, that explore, translate, deconstruct, problematize or question, the display, the matter and the media of this body of art. The appropriation and metaphor suggested by the title of this research – bodybuilders – travel along this work, to think and debate a body that problematizes the post- modern world’s paradoxes and paradigms, paying attention on the implications of such changes, and its ethical, political and aesthetical dimensions. The bodies that are put in dialogue through this investigation, echoes and translate, the impact of Foucault and Arendt philosophy (among others), as well as the contributions of the Feminist Critique Theory, Gender Studies, Cultural Studies and Post-Colonialism. The body of this bodybuilders, is utopic and yet real, and in this sense this thesis invites to question our ways of seeing – ourselves and the others. This are ready-made bodies that explore through their own mirrors, a will to subvert and reorganize the world, envisioning a body of alterity, plurality and freedom. Seja o que te rodeia, o canto de um candeeiro, a voz da tempestade, a respiração do entardecer ou o gemido do mar – atrás de ti está sempre vigilante uma vasta melodia, tecida de milhares de vozes, na qual o teu solo só tem lugar aqui e ali. Saber quando deves fazer a tua entrada, eis o segredo da tua solidão: tal como a arte do verdadeiro relacionamento é: do alto das palavras deixar-se cair na melodia una e comum. Rainer Marie Rilke, Notas sobre a melodia das coisas, XVI, 1898 agradeço, à Professora Eugénia Vasques, orientadora desta tese, pelo apoio, pela confiança e incentivo a avançar neste desafio. Pela motivação, força e rigor que depositou em mim, e cujo entusiamo, amizade e gratidão, já me acompanham desde os tempos em que fui seu aluno na Escola Superior de Teatro e Cinema. ao Professor António Branco, co-orientador, pela confiança e disponibilidade para co-orientar este trabalho, apoiando-me nas minhas escolhas. aos outros corpos que me acompanham todos os dias, pela inspiração e motivação para continuar a investigar e experimentar uma dança de pluralidades e diversidades, cujo pensamento se reflecte aqui nesta tese. em especial aos meus alunos do Atelier de Dança Inclusiva (clientes da Fundação LIGA) e intérpretes da Plural_Companhia de Dança Inclusiva, e à Fundação LIGA, pela confiança e pela flexibilidade que me concederam neste último período de conclusão da tese. às minhas alunas da Aula de Dança Contemporânea para Maiores de 55 Anos & Séniores, que nestes últimos 15 anos me têm acompanhado com alegria, entusiasmo e com uma liberdade criativa inesgotável, que contribuiu para alargar também os horizontes desta reflexão e retirar algum peso da rotina da escrita, no periodo final de conclusão. à Eira, estrutura artística de que faço parte, em especial pelas memórias, cujas pistas lançadas ainda fazem eco nesta reflexão, em particular de um periodo intenso de criatividade e cumplicidades artisticas no espaço Eira33, partilhado com o Francisco Camacho, a Carlota Lagido, o João Manuel Oliveira, a Mariana Tengner Barros e o Tiago Cadete. aos livros, aos autores, aos artistas, às obras, aos corpos e às imagens, que me acompanharam (e me acompanham), que me perseguiram e que motivaram/desafiaram, à produção desta dissertação. ao Warhol, à Cindy, ao Morimura, à Madonna, à Arendt, ao Foucault, ao Baudrillard, à Butler, ao Duchamp... ao Carlos, por me acompanhar nesta viagem. I am my world. Wittgenstein, 1921 O mundo pensa-nos, mas isso somos nós que o pensamos... O pensamento é de facto uma forma dual, não é a de um sujeito individual, partilha-se entre o mundo e nós mesmos: não podemos pensar o mundo porque em qualquer parte ele pensa por nós. Não se trata, pois, de um pensamento sujeito, que impõe uma ordem quando se situa fora do seu objecto, mantendo-a à distância. [...] Mas entretanto alguma coisa mudou: o mundo, as aparências, o objecto, fazem a sua irrupção. Este objecto, que se quis manter numa espécie de passividade analítica, vinga-se... Gosto muito desta ideia de vingança, deste efeito de retorno que nos obriga a tê-lo em conta. Nasce aí a incerteza, mas esta incerteza do mundo será o pensamento que a injecta no mundo? Ou será a ilusão radical do mundo que contamina o pensamento? É possível que isso permaneça indecifrável. Mas acontece que o desaparecimento da fixidez do sujeito pensante, como fundamento da própria filosofia ocidental, e a consciência de uma troca simbólica do mundo e do pensamento, destabilizam os discursos da ordem e da racionalização, incluindo o discurso científico. O pensamento torna-se num pensamento-mundo, em que nenhum território se pode vangloriar de um domínio analítico das coisas. E se, como eu penso, o estado do mundo é paradoxal – ambíguo, incerto, aleatório ou reversível –, então é preciso encontrar um pensamento em si mesmo paradoxal. [...] Desejo que o pensamento seja paradoxal e sedutor. Baudrillard, 20001 1 Baudrillard, Jean, Palavras de Ordem, 2000, p.63. ÍNDICE Introdução 1 Metodologia e Estrutura 5 Capítulo I. Modern Talking (O Estado da Arte) 7 a. A Modernidade da Pós-Modernidade: Derivações e Paradigmas 8 b. Material Girl(s): As Teorias Feministas e a Ordem de Discurso Foucaultiana 15 c. Show-off: Simulacros, Espectáculo e outros Palcos 22 d. L’air du Temps: O Presente do Contemporâneo 26 Capítulo II. Me, Myself and Why: Subjectividades, Alteridades e Outricidades 31 Espelhos Narcisos e outros reflexos 42 Capítulo III. Body Talk: O Corpo em Debate 59 Um corpo com história(s) 67 Um corpo de possibilidades 85 Capítulo IV. Bodybuilders: A Construção Artística de um Corpo Pós-Moderno 92 de Espelhos, Alteridades e Liberdades 1. Marilyn do outro lado espelho 94 1.1. Marilyn Monroe: I wanna be loved by you? 96 1.2. Andy Warhol – Who am I? How do I look? I am what I am? 102 1.3. One Women Show: Cindy Sherman 131 1.4. Yasumasa Morimura: Corpo Tromp l’Oeil 161 1.5. A Blond Ambition de Madonna: Pop Politics 182 Prelúdio para o fim 220 Conclusão: Um fim que é o princípio 221 Bibliografia 228 INDICE DE FIGURAS Fig.
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