DOCSLIB.ORG

Proc16 Net.Pdf

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Proc16 Net.Pdf RESEARCH IN FOREST RESERVES AND NATURAL FORESTS IN EUROPEAN COUNTRIES Country Reports for the COST Action E4: Forest Reserves Research Network Edited by Jari Parviainen, Declan Little, Marie Doyle, Aileen O'Sullivan, Minna Kettunen and Minna Korhonen EFI Proceedings No. 16, 1999 European Forest Institute European Commission European Cooperation in the Field of Scientific and Technical Research EFI Proceedings No. 16 Research in Forest Reserves and Natural Forests in European Countries Edited by Jari Parviainen, Declan Little, Marie Doyle, Aileen O'Sullivan, Minna Kettunen and Minna Korhonen Cover photo: Erkki Oksanen / METLA Layout: PihkaPojat Oy Printing: Gummerus Kirjapaino Oy Saarijärvi 1999 Publisher: European Forest Institute Series Editors: Ian Hunter, Editor-in-Chief Minna Korhonen, Technical Editor Brita Pajari, Seminar Co-ordinator Editorial Office: European Forest Institute Phone: +358 13 252 020 Torikatu 34 Fax. +358 13 124 393 FIN-80100 Joensuu, Finland Email: [email protected] WWW: http://www.efi.fi/ Disclaimer: The papers in this book comprise the country reports of the COST Action E4: For- est Reserves Research Network. They reflect the authors' opinions and do not nec- essarily correspond to those of the European Forest Institute. © European Forest Institute 1999 ISSN 1237-8801 ISBN 952-9844-31-X TABLE OF CONTENTS Preface ........................................................................................................ 5 Jari Parviainen Strict forest reserves in Europe – efforts to enhance biodiversity and strenghten research related to natural forests in Europe...................... 7 Georg Frank Austria ...................................................................................................... 35 Gerfried Koch Kris Vandekerkhove Belgium .................................................................................................... 55 Jens Emborg Denmark ................................................................................................... 73 Jari Parviainen et al. Finland ...................................................................................................... 83 Patric Falcone France ....................................................................................................... 99 Winfried Bücking Germany ................................................................................................. 109 Wolfgang Schmidt K. Kassioumis et al. Greece ..................................................................................................... 119 Péter Czájlik Hungary .................................................................................................. 133 Tibor Standovár Aileen O'Sullivan Ireland ..................................................................................................... 145 Fulvio Ducci et al. Italy ......................................................................................................... 163 Mirjam Broekmeyer The Netherlands ..................................................................................... 177 Bjørn Tømmerås Norway ................................................................................................... 195 Ana Almeida Portugal .................................................................................................. 203 Milan Saniga Slovakia .................................................................................................. 211 Jurij Diaci Slovenia .................................................................................................. 225 Ángel López Spain ....................................................................................................... 233 Jaume Serra Tor-Björn Larsson et al. Sweden ................................................................................................... 245 R. Popadyuk et al. Russia ..................................................................................................... 253 M. Morecroft et al. United Kingdom ..................................................................................... 267 List of Management Committee Members ............................................. 295 EFI Proceedings ..................................................................................... 301 PREFACE Natural and semi-natural forests mainly exist as forest reserves in different European countries. The occurrence of original forest structures has decreased during the last centuries. The political forum and the public have become aware of this decline. The high degree of biological diversity in these forests, the high potential of genetic variability, their naturnalness and uniqueness are important from the points of view of forest protection, forest management planning and silvicultural practices. International activities, such as the Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro, 1992, and the Ministerial Conference on the Protection of Forests in Europe in Helsinki, 1993, and the follow-up of the Helsinki process for developing indicators and criteria for sustainable forest management, also underline these facts. The EU COST Action E4 “Forest Reserves Research Network” was launched on 11 November, 1995. The end of this Action is scheduled for 7 November 1999. Its objective is to create a European network of forest reserves in order to collect ongoing research and unify research methodologies, and create a central data bank for the exchange of research results. The following tasks are outlined: • to achieve a common understanding of definition, terminology and management approaches to forest reserves and other categories of forest protection, • to survey and analyse current information available on forest reserves and ongoing research, • to collect the published research reports on structure and forest dynamics in forest reserves, • to collect, compare and harmonise research methodology for monitoring the stand structure and changes, • to promote the establishment of a common permanent sampling plot system, and to create a data bank for the gathered information. To initiate scientific discussion and exchange of information, preliminary country reports were presented in the 2nd Management Committee meeting, which was held between 12-14 September, 1996, in Fontainebleau, France. These proceedings contain the final reports written and approved by the country delegates. Jari Parviainen et al. (eds.) Research in Forest Reserves and Natural Forests in European Countries EFI Proceedings No. 16, 1999 6 Research in Forest Reserves and Natural Forests in European Countries In addition to various approaches to research, the most important research reports, ongoing projects, research groups, institutions and research emphasis areas, these country reports also contain brief summaries about the historical perspectives of the establishment of forest protection areas and past milestones. January 1999 Jari Parviainen Chairman COST Action E4 STRICT FOREST RESERVES IN EUROPE -- EFFORTS TO ENHANCE BIODIVERSITY AND STRENGHTEN RESEARCH RELATED TO NATURAL FORESTS IN EUROPE Jari Parviainen Finnish Forest Research Institute Joensuu, Finland ABSTRACT Original forest structures are very rare in Europe. In 1995, COST Action E4: Forest Reserves Research Network was introduced by the COST Commission in order to promote co-ordination and enhance research in natural forests. The objectives are to create a European network of forest reserves, to collect ongoing research, to unify and standardise research methodology and to provide general access to a central data bank on forest reserves. In order to maintain forest biodiversity in Europe, it is necessary to protect totally untouched reserves and to apply nature-oriented silviculture in production forests. Natural forests are generally accepted as being a good model on which to base nature- oriented silviculture. There are still approximately 3 mill. hectares of natural forests left in Europe (1.7% of the total forest area). The widest, continuous natural forests can be found in Finland and Sweden and in remote mountainous areas of Central and Eastern Europe. Key elements of forest biodiversity have been identified, such as fire disturbance, dead wood component, etc., but their quantification is still very vague and speculative. The application of realistic nature-oriented silviculture requires a concerted effort to protect indigenous biodiversity, the influence of which has been underestimated in discussions on forest protection. Due to the wide variation of human impact on forests, fragmentation, the degree of ‘naturalness’ of forests, vegetation zones and tree species composition, the concept of nature-oriented silviculture in the Nordic countries differs markedly from that in Central Europe. In the boreal zone the main emphasis lies on maintaining biodiversity, whereas in Central Europe the goal is to manipulate forest stand development towards the potential, original forest cover. In Central Europe, production forests are mainly artificial through alteration and cultivation practices (50-70%), whereas production forests in Finland and Sweden are semi-natural; here between 70 and 75% of forests result from natural regeneration. Jari Parviainen et al. (eds.) Research in Forest Reserves and Natural Forests in European Countries EFI Proceedings No. 16, 1999 8 Research in Forest Reserves and Natural Forests in European Countries 1. INTRODUCTION Forestry and silviculture have attracted unprecedented public attention in the 1990s world wide and throughout Europe.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Lake Baikal Russian Federation
    LAKE BAIKAL RUSSIAN FEDERATION Lake Baikal is in south central Siberia close to the Mongolian border. It is the largest, oldest by 20 million years, and deepest, at 1,638m, of the world's lakes. It is 3.15 million hectares in size and contains a fifth of the world's unfrozen surface freshwater. Its age and isolation and unusually fertile depths have given it the world's richest and most unusual lacustrine fauna which, like the Galapagos islands’, is of outstanding value to evolutionary science. The exceptional variety of endemic animals and plants make the lake one of the most biologically diverse on earth. Threats to the site: Present threats are the untreated wastes from the river Selenga, potential oil and gas exploration in the Selenga delta, widespread lake-edge pollution and over-hunting of the Baikal seals. However, the threat of an oil pipeline along the lake’s north shore was averted in 2006 by Presidential decree and the pulp and cellulose mill on the southern shore which polluted 200 sq. km of the lake, caused some of the worst air pollution in Russia and genetic mutations in some of the lake’s endemic species, was closed in 2009 as no longer profitable to run. COUNTRY Russian Federation NAME Lake Baikal NATURAL WORLD HERITAGE SERIAL SITE 1996: Inscribed on the World Heritage List under Natural Criteria vii, viii, ix and x. STATEMENT OF OUTSTANDING UNIVERSAL VALUE The UNESCO World Heritage Committee issued the following statement at the time of inscription. Justification for Inscription The Committee inscribed Lake Baikal the most outstanding example of a freshwater ecosystem on the basis of: Criteria (vii), (viii), (ix) and (x).
    [Show full text]
  • Gap Analysis in Support of Cpan: the Russian Arctic
    CAFF Habitat Conservation Report No. 9 GAP ANALYSIS IN SUPPORT OF CPAN: THE RUSSIAN ARCTIC Igor Lysenko and David Henry CAFF INTERNATIONAL SECRETRARIAT 2000 This report, prepared by Igor Lysenko, World Conservation Monitoring Centre (WCMC) and David Henry, United Nations Environment Program (UNEP) Global Resource Information Database (GRID)-Arendal, is a technical account of a Gap Analysis Project conducted for the Russian Arctic in 1997-1999 in support of the Circumpolar Protected Areas Network (CPAN) of CAFF. It updates the status and spatial distribution of protected areas within the CAFF area of the Russian Federation and provides, in 22 GIs based maps and several data sets, a wealth of information relevant for present and future management decisions related to habitat conservation in the Russian Arctic. The present Gap Analysis for the Russian Arctic was undertaken in response to the CPAN Strategy and Action Plan requirement for countries to identify gaps in protected area coverage of ecosystems and species and to select sites for further action. Another important objective was to update the Russian data base. The Analysis used a system of twelve landscape units instead of the previously used vegetation zone system as the basis to classify Russia's ecosystems. A comparison of the terrestrial landscape systems against protected area coverage indicates that 27% of the glacier ecosystem is protected, 9.3% of the tundra (treeless portion) and 4.7% of the forest systems within the Arctic boundaries are under protection, but the most important Arctic forested areas have only 0.1% protection. In general, the analysis indicates a negative relationship between ecosystem productivity and protection, which is consistent with findings in 1996.
    [Show full text]
  • Dry Grassland Vegetation of Central Podolia (Ukraine) - a Preliminary Overview of Its Syntaxonomy, Ecology and Biodiversity 391-430 Tuexenia 34: 391–430
    ZOBODAT - www.zobodat.at Zoologisch-Botanische Datenbank/Zoological-Botanical Database Digitale Literatur/Digital Literature Zeitschrift/Journal: Tuexenia - Mitteilungen der Floristisch-soziologischen Arbeitsgemeinschaft Jahr/Year: 2014 Band/Volume: NS_34 Autor(en)/Author(s): Kuzenko Anna A., Becker Thomas, Didukh Yakiv P., Ardelean Ioana Violeta, Becker Ute, Beldean Monika, Dolnik Christian, Jeschke Michael, Naqinezhad Alireza, Ugurlu Emin, Unal Aslan, Vassilev Kiril, Vorona Evgeniy I., Yavorska Olena H., Dengler Jürgen Artikel/Article: Dry grassland vegetation of Central Podolia (Ukraine) - a preliminary overview of its syntaxonomy, ecology and biodiversity 391-430 Tuexenia 34: 391–430. Göttingen 2014. doi: 10.14471/2014.34.020, available online at www.tuexenia.de Dry grassland vegetation of Central Podolia (Ukraine) – a preliminary overview of its syntaxonomy, ecology and biodiversity Die Trockenrasenvegetation Zentral-Podoliens (Ukraine) – eine vorläufige Übersicht zu Syntaxonomie, Ökologie und Biodiversität Anna A. Kuzemko1, Thomas Becker2, Yakiv P. Didukh3, Ioana Violeta Arde- lean4, Ute Becker5, Monica Beldean4, Christian Dolnik6, Michael Jeschke2, Alireza Naqinezhad7, Emin Uğurlu8, Aslan Ünal9, Kiril Vassilev10, Evgeniy I. Vorona11, Olena H. Yavorska11 & Jürgen Dengler12,13,14,* 1National Dendrological Park “Sofiyvka”, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyivska Str. 12a, 20300 Uman’, Ukraine, [email protected];2Geobotany, Faculty of Geography and Geosciences, University of Trier, Behringstr. 21, 54296 Trier, Germany, [email protected];
    [Show full text]
  • Scottish Nature Omnibus Survey August 2019
    Scottish Natural Heritage Scottish Nature Omnibus Survey August 2019 The general public’s perceptions of Scotland’s National Nature Reserves Published: December 2019 People and Places Scottish Natural Heritage Great Glen House Leachkin Road Inverness IV3 8NW For further information please contact [email protected] 1. Introduction The Scottish Nature Omnibus (SNO) is a survey of the adult population in Scotland which now runs on a biennial basis. It was first commissioned by SNH in 2009 to measure the extent to which the general public is engaged with SNH and its work. Seventeen separate waves of research have been undertaken since 2009, each one based on interviews with a representative sample of around 1,000 adults living in Scotland; interviews with a booster sample of around 100 adults from ethnic minority groups are also undertaken in each survey wave to enable us to report separately on this audience. The SNO includes a number of questions about the public’s awareness of and visits to National Nature Reserves (see Appendix). This paper summarises the most recent findings from these questions (August 2019), presenting them alongside the findings from previous waves of research. Please note that between 2009 and 2015 the SNO was undertaken using a face to face interview methodology. In 2017, the survey switched to an on-line interview methodology, with respondents sourced from members of the public who had agreed to be part of a survey panel. While the respondent profile and most question wording remained the same, it should be borne in mind when comparing the 2017 and 2019 findings with data from previous years that there may be differences in behaviour between people responding to a face to face survey and those taking part in an online survey that can impact on results.
    [Show full text]
  • RCN #33 21/8/03 13:57 Page 1
    RCN #33 21/8/03 13:57 Page 1 No. 33 Summer 2003 Special issue: The Transformation of Protected Areas in Russia A Ten-Year Review PROMOTING BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION IN RUSSIA AND THROUGHOUT NORTHERN EURASIA RCN #33 21/8/03 13:57 Page 2 CONTENTS CONTENTS Voice from the Wild (Letter from the Editors)......................................1 Ten Years of Teaching and Learning in Bolshaya Kokshaga Zapovednik ...............................................................24 BY WAY OF AN INTRODUCTION The Formation of Regional Associations A Brief History of Modern Russian Nature Reserves..........................2 of Protected Areas........................................................................................................27 A Glossary of Russian Protected Areas...........................................................3 The Growth of Regional Nature Protection: A Case Study from the Orlovskaya Oblast ..............................................29 THE PAST TEN YEARS: Making Friends beyond Boundaries.............................................................30 TRENDS AND CASE STUDIES A Spotlight on Kerzhensky Zapovednik...................................................32 Geographic Development ........................................................................................5 Ecotourism in Protected Areas: Problems and Possibilities......34 Legal Developments in Nature Protection.................................................7 A LOOK TO THE FUTURE Financing Zapovedniks ...........................................................................................10
    [Show full text]
  • NATIONAL PROTECTED AREAS of the RUSSIAN FEDERATION: of the RUSSIAN FEDERATION: AREAS PROTECTED NATIONAL Vladimir Krever, Mikhail Stishov, Irina Onufrenya
    WWF WWF is one of the world’s largest and most experienced independent conservation WWF-Russia organizations, with almost 5 million supporters and a global network active in more than 19, bld.3 Nikoloyamskaya St., 100 countries. 109240 Moscow WWF’s mission is to stop the degradation of the planet’s natural environment and to build a Russia future in which humans live in harmony with nature, by: Tel.: +7 495 727 09 39 • conserving the world’s biological diversity Fax: +7 495 727 09 38 • ensuring that the use of renewable natural resources is sustainable [email protected] • promoting the reduction of pollution and wasteful consumption. http://www.wwf.ru The Nature Conservancy The Nature Conservancy - the leading conservation organization working around the world to The Nature Conservancy protect ecologically important lands and waters for nature and people. Worldwide Office The mission of The Nature Conservancy is to preserve the plants, animals and natural 4245 North Fairfax Drive, Suite 100 NNATIONALATIONAL PPROTECTEDROTECTED AAREASREAS communities that represent the diversity of life on Earth by protecting the lands and waters Arlington, VA 22203-1606 they need to survive. Tel: +1 (703) 841-5300 http://www.nature.org OOFF TTHEHE RRUSSIANUSSIAN FFEDERATION:EDERATION: MAVA The mission of the Foundation is to contribute to maintaining terrestrial and aquatic Fondation pour la ecosystems, both qualitatively and quantitatively, with a view to preserving their biodiversity. Protection de la Nature GGAPAP AANALYSISNALYSIS To this end, it promotes scientific research, training and integrated management practices Le Petit Essert whose effectiveness has been proved, while securing a future for local populations in cultural, 1147 Montricher, Suisse economic and ecological terms.
    [Show full text]
  • Belarus, 1990
    Mammals of Belarus VLADIMIR DINETS Belarus is a large, very flat, 40% forested country. It lost almost a third of its population during WWII; the following decades saw mass migration of rural residents into cities, which accelerated after the country received most of Chernobyl nuclear fallout. In post-Soviet years Belarus rejected the siren song of IMF, so its economy remained in relatively good shape, but the birthrate was low, and many people emigrated. The result of all this is that the countryside is sparsely populated, particularly in the south where some of Europe’s largest wetlands are located. Tiny outlying villages (khutors), with just a few aged residents and plenty of abandoned houses, provide excellent bases for exploring forests and swamps. There are no endemics or “specialties”, but mammals are generally abundant, particularly in nature reserves. Belarus is often called “Europe’s last dictatorship”; this is only correct because Russia is no longer part of Europe. For twenty years President Lukashenko secured massive discounts on oil and gas by proclaiming loyalty to Russia and gradually sacrificing Belarus’s sovereignty. In 2014, Russian invasion of Ukraine alerted him to the danger of getting too cozy with such a predatory neighbor, so now he is trying to court the EU as well. As an East Slavic proverb goes, “a gentle calf suckles from two cows”. One consequence of this shift is that the country is reportedly becoming more Westerner-friendly (although even before 2014 it wasn’t a particularly inhospitable place, as long as you refrained from political discussions). Tourism is still virtually non-existent, but this might change in the coming years.
    [Show full text]
  • Habitats Regulations Appraisal of the Core
    Argyll and Bute Council Habitats regulations appraisal of the Argyll and Bute Core Paths plan October 2014 Argyll and Bute Council Development and Infrastructure Director: Sandy Mactaggart Chomhairle Earra-Ghàidheal is Bhòid www.argyll-bute.gov.uk Contents 1. Introduction and Context .................................................................................................... 1 2. The Land Reform Scotland Act 2003 Section 17 - Core Paths Plan ..................................... 2 3. Habitats Regulations Appraisal ........................................................................................... 7 4. Argyll & Bute Core Paths Plan ............................................................................................. 9 5. Methodology for the Appraisal of the Core Paths Plan .................................................... 12 6. Identifying the European Sites and Paths to be Appraised .............................................. 13 Map 1 Core Paths & Special Areas of Conservation .................................................................... 14 Map 2 - Core Paths & Special Protection Areas .......................................................................... 15 7. Assessment of Core Paths for their Potential Effects ....................................................... 16 8. Screening of Special Areas of Conservation ...................................................................... 18 9. Screening of Special Protection Areas .............................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • 136 Lexical Material of Regional Content in the Process Of
    Lexical material of regional content in the process of implementing the communicative approach in teaching English to students of non- linguistic specialties Vladimir B. Pomelov – Rezeda R. Khairutdinova – Nina I. Kryukova DOI: 10.18355/XL.2018.11.01.13 Abstract The purpose of this article is to study the positive, practical experience of using didactic (lexical) material of regional content in the process of implementing the communicative approach in teaching English to students of non-linguistic specialties. The leading method in the study is the pedagogical experiment (ascertaining, forming and control stages of the experiment), as well as the method of expert evaluations, statistical processing of quantitative research results, observation, questioning, modeling of situations, dramatization. The specificity of the authors’ method of applying the communicative approach, implemented in the form of a dialogue, using the vocabulary of a regional orientation, allows to increase the effectiveness of training sessions, raise the level of interest in learning English. The authors developed the content of training courses with regional orientation. The study proved the effectiveness of introducing lexical material of regional orientation. Key words: communicative approach, regional content of lexical material, the English language, teaching methods 1. Introduction 1.1. The urgency of the problem The current period of the development of Russian society is characterized, in particular, by the fact that nowadays, as never before, the youth faces a problem of receiving a high-quality education. The well-known definition of science as an engine of social progress can be supplemented by the definition of education as a driving force for the development of the personality of each individual member of the society.
    [Show full text]
  • Glen Creran Woods
    Glen Creran Woods Exploring the perceived impacts of different management interventions on woodland benefits Background Glen Creran Forests are an important part of Scotland’s natural heritage and can provide a number of benefits to people, such as natural flood management. The Woods type of benefits a forest delivers depends on the way it is managed and used. In addition, different people will perceive benefits differently and have Exploring the perceived different preferences. To understand how these factors are interconnected, the James Hutton impacts of different Institute is conducting a research project looking management interventions at forests in different parts of Scotland. One of our study areas are the woodlands in Glen Creran, on woodland benefits Argyll. Here in this report we specifically look at Glen Creran woods, a Site of Special Scientific Interest managed by the Forestry Commission Scotland (FCS). Within this study area we also plan to explore the Glasdrum Wood National Nature Reserve, managed by Scottish Natural Heritage. The other study areas are Mar Lodge (Cairngorms) and the woodlands in and around Cumbernauld (North Lanarkshire). To measure the perceived benefits from different management interventions and explore the differences in people’s preferences, we chose a methodology which we refer to here as scenario workshops. This entails developing illustrative future management scenarios which form the basis of discussions about the management and use of the woodland. For Glen Creran Woods, researchers at the James Hutton Institute developed, together with Donald McNeill and Susannah Hughes from FCS, six scenarios as written narratives (Appendix 1). These build on documents such as management plans, surveys 2 Glen Creran Woods and future predictions on climate and its impact.
    [Show full text]
  • Guide to Loch Creran, Working with Barcaldine Primary School and the Local Community
    A comprehensive guide to Loch Creran Marine Special Area of Conservation by Terry Donovan Beside Loch Cr eran On summer days we’ve watched from Creagan bridge the spinning cogs and cords of ebbing tide bedraggle kelp frond hair and then begin to peel with steady hand the loch’s bright skin. Or trailed the shore as acrobatic terns are one-hand-juggled over Rubha Garbh and selkies pass the day as common seals who mourn with soulful eyes their hobbled heels. Or had the chance to see an otter weave its silver thread of air along the burn and feel the pallid finger of the sun explore the stubble tree line of Glasdrum. But not today; today it’s autumn’s turn when sullen smirr makes paste of loch and air. A Big A heron, skelf like, spears the shore alone and eider skim the bay like mossy stones. A lotThank of people helped to make You this guide possible Special thanks go to: Shona McConnell at Argyll and Bute Council’s Marine and Coastal Development Unit for giving me the opportunity Heather Reid and support to produce this guide... also to Tim McIntyre, Julian Hill, November 2006 Jane Dodd, Clive Craik, Paddy McNicol, Andrew McIntyre, Roger and Judy Thwaites, Ronnie and Sylvia Laing, Jock and Jonquil Slorance, Helen and Ken Groom and Dee Rudiger. Additional thanks to: Barcaldine Primary School, Beppo Buchanan- Smith, Donald MacLean, Andy MacDonald, Rod and Caroline Campbell, Martin O’Hare, Newman Burberry, Margaret and David Wills, Jill Bowis, Simon Jones, John Halliday and Owen Paisley.
    [Show full text]
  • THE STATE of LARIX SIBIRICA (PINACEAE) PLANTATIONS in the MARI EL REPUBLIC © Yu
    Rastitelnye Resursy. 52(4): 465–483, 2016 THE STATE OF LARIX SIBIRICA (PINACEAE) PLANTATIONS IN THE MARI EL REPUBLIC © Yu. P. Demakov, *, 1, 2 А. V. Isaev, 2 M. A. Karaseva, 1 V. G. Krasnov 1 1Volga State University of Technology, Yoshkar-Ola, Mari El Republic 2 State Natural Reserve «Bolshaya Kokshaga» * E-mail: [email protected] REFERENCES 1. Bobrov E. G. 1978. Lesoobrazuyushchie khvoynye SSSR. [Forest-forming conifers of the USSR]. Leningrad. 188 p. (In Russian) 2. Dylis N. V. 1981. Listvennitsa [Larch]. Mosсow. 97 p. (In Russian) 3. Pchelin V. I. 2007. Dendrologiya [Dendrology]. Yoshkar-Ola. 519 p. (In Russian) 4. Usoltsev V. A. 2014. Lesnye arabeski ili etudy iz zhizni nashykh derevev [Forest arabesques or sketches from the lives of our trees]. Yekaterinburg. 161 p. (In Russian) 5. Borzikov V. V., Danchev B. F. 1984. Siberian larch as a promising tree species for protective afforestation of the Northern Kazakhstan. In: Ekologiya lesnikh soobshchetv Severnogo Kazakhstana. Leningrad. P. 16–23. (In Russian) 6. Verzunov A. I. 1986. Impact of soil conditions on formation of root systems of pine and larch in steppe pine forests of Kazakhstan. –– Ekologia. 5: 69–71. (In Russian) 7. Nikitin K. E. 1966. Listvennitsa na Ukraine [Larch in Ukraine]. Kiev. 332 p. (In Russian) 8. Pisarenko A. I., Redko G. I., Merzlenko M. D. 1992. Iskustvenniye lesa [Artificial forests]. Part 1. Moscow. 308 p. (In Russian) 9. Lindeman G. V. 1981. Yestestvenno rastushchii vyaz melkolistvenny [Naturally growing Chinese elm]. Moscow. 92 p. (In Russian) 10. Lindeman G. V. 1993. Vzaimootnosheniya nasekomykh-ksylofagov i listvennykh derevyev v zasushlivykh usloviyakh [Xylophage-insects and deciduous trees relationships in dry weather conditions].
    [Show full text]