DOCSLIB.ORG

(12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2005/0196469 A1 Thys-Jacobs (43) Pub

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
(12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2005/0196469 A1 Thys-Jacobs (43) Pub US 2005O196469A1 (19) United States (12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2005/0196469 A1 Thys-Jacobs (43) Pub. Date: Sep. 8, 2005 (54) MICRONUTRIENT SUPPLEMENT (22) Filed: Mar. 4, 2004 COMBINATION FOR ACNE TREATMENT AND PREVENTION Publication Classification (76) Inventor: Susan Thys-Jacobs, Larchmont, NY (51) Int. Cl.' ....................... A61 K 31/59; A61 K 31/525; (US) A61K 33/10; A61K 31/19 (52) U.S. Cl. ......................... 424/687; 514/168; 514/251; Correspondence Address: 514/574 GOTTLEB RACKMAN & REISMAN PC 27O MADSON AVENUE 8TH FLOOR (57) ABSTRACT NEW YORK, NY 100160601 A micronutrient Supplement comprising effective amounts (21) Appl. No.: 10/794,729 of calcium, Vitamin D, and folate treats and prevents acne. US 2005/0196469 A1 Sep. 8, 2005 MICRONUTRIENT SUPPLEMENT COMBINATION therapies include benzoyl peroxide which has comedolytic FOR ACNE TREATMENT AND PREVENTION and antibacterial effects, topical antibacterials Such as eryth romycin or clindamycin, azelaic acid, tazaroc, and topical FIELD OF THE INVENTION retinoids. Acne that is resistant to topical treatment requires oral antibiotics or isotretinoin. Indications for isotretinoin 0001. This invention relates to a micronutrient supple include Severe Scarring, acne that is resistant to oral antibi ment in the treatment of acne Vulgaris and inflammation. In otics and acne present for many years that quickly relapses particular, this invention relates to a multi-vitamin and when an oral antibiotic therapy is discontinued. Of note, oral mineral Supplement for improving skin and hair health. isotretinoin is a potent teratogen. Current Standards of acne therapy include the topical descquarnative drugs and antibac BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION terial agents. In Women, anti-androgen therapy for acne 0002 Acne is a common problem affecting adolescents management has been relatively Successful and this may and young adults. It is the most common skin disease treated involve oral contraceptives, Spironolactone, and cyproter by physicians. Approximately 17-45 million people in the OC. US are afflicted with acne and although associated with the 0006 Very little is known concerning diet and acne. In very young, it can continue into well into adult life. It is fact, diet has never been shown to have much effect on often self-limited but can become chronic and result in acneiform eruptions although inadequate folate intake (less emotional distress and permanent Scarring. The reported than 400 micrograms daily) has been cited in one reference prevalence of acne varies from 35 to 90% of adolescents at to be associated with acne formation, (although the recom Some Stage. The prevalence of acne varies between Sexes mended quantity would not usefully treat acne) while excess and age groups, appearing earlier in females than in males, of the other B vitamins have erupted into acne. One citation possibly reflecting the earlier onset of puberty in females from Sheretz describes a Severe case of acneiform eruption with a greater Severity later in males as androgens levels that was temporally associated with high dose B6 and B12 rise. Acne occurs in up to 50% of adolescent girls and 85% Supplementation that resolved and promptly improved with of boys. Some Studies have shown a Seasonal variation in discontinuation of the vitamin complex. (Sheretz E. F. acne with an exacerbation during the colder months and an “Acneiform eruption due to vitamins B6 and B12', CUTIS improvement during the warmer months. 1991; 48(2): 119-20). Some vitamin deficiencies have been 0003) Acne is a disorder of the pilosebaceous follicles, asSociated with dermatitis and skin inflammation. An abnor sebaceous glands and rudimentary or vellus hair involving mal ratio of folate to B6 to B12 may have resulted in this the face, chest and back. The precise pathogenesis is not acne eruption and inflammation or merely the absence of known. Androgens have been linked to Stimulation of Sebum adequate folate ingestion. Acne formation, Sore tongue, production. Androgen Stimulates both Sebaceous gland cell cracking at the corners of the mouth have all been associated division and intracellular lipid Synthesis. Estradiol, on the with one or many deficiencies of the B vitamins Such as other hand, appears to have a potent inhibitory effect on riboflavin, folate, and pyridoxine. sebum production and little or no effect on cell division. 0007. The skin appears to be a very important source of Multiple complex factors have a role involving abnormal Vitamin D Synthesis and may even have a role in the keratinization, hormonal function, bacterial growth and catabolism of the B vitamin, folate. (B Cohn. “Sunlight, skin immune hyperSensitivity. These factors include increased color, and folic acid.” JAm Acad Dermatol. 2002; 46:31-8.) Sebum production, comedo formation, colonization of the Skin color may also pose a greater or lesser risk of either follicle by Propionibactrium and the host's inflammatory Vitamin D deficiency or folate photolysis based on pigment. response. Darker Skin has increased melanin with greater protection 0004. The primary acne lesion is the blackhead, an against ultraViolet radiation and skin cancer risk, but less of impaction and distension of the follicle with descquamated an ability to produce previtamin D from a give amount of keratinocytes and Sebum. Hormonal changes at puberty, ultraviolet radiation B (UVB). Lighter skin has the ability to Specifically androgens, can Stimulate the production of synthesize more vitamin D from UVB but has a greater risk Sebum and trigger acne lesions. Propionibacterium acnes is for skin cancer because of leSS melanin pigment. Branda and an anaerobic, gram positive bacterium that colonizes the Eaton in 1978 proposed that significant ultraviolet radiation piloSebaceous follicles following the increases in Sebum may result in chemical breakdown and photolysis of folate. production with the accompanying hormonal changes, (Branda R. F. “Skin Color and nutrient photolysis: an evo attracts polymorphonuclear neutrophils which release lutionary hypothesis. Science 1978; 201:625-6). Darker skin hydrolytic enzymes and contributes to the causation of acne. appears to protect against ultraViolet radiation induced folate Propionibacterium acnes also contributes to the inflamma photolysis. tory proceSS by hydrolyzing triglycerides to free fatty acids 0008 Vitamin and mineral preparations are commonly and by increasing follicular obstruction. Genetics appears to administered to treat Specific medical conditions or as gen have Some role in the Severity of acne. eral nutritional Supplements. Micronutrients are elements or 0005 Acne can develop into disfiguring scars or cysts as compounds which are present in foods in Small or trace inflammatory lesions resolve. Even Small inflammatory amounts and include Vitamins, minerals, or other elements. lesions may produce Scars. Acne treatment is a long term The macronutrients comprise carbohydrates, fats, and pro process that when abandoned, may result in the return of teins which Supply nutrients and calories. The primary acne Vulgneiform eruptions. To date, there has been no cure. Source of all nutrients is of course food. However, the However, there are numerous topical and oral treatments majority of people do not meet the Recommended Dietary that are effective in the management of acne. Current acne Allowance-RDA of the foods containing these essential treatment entails topical and Systemic preparations. Topical compounds and elements. Thus vitamin and mineral Supple US 2005/0196469 A1 Sep. 8, 2005 mentation has become a recognized method of meeting 40,000 IU daily (Vieth R). Attaining a 25 hydroxyvitamin D accepted medical and health Standards. concentration above 40 mg/ml may involve an intake of more than 2000 IU daily. 0009 Vitamin D is a fat soluble vitamin that is rarely 0010 Calcium has been shown to be particularly effec found naturally in food. It is not a true Vitamin, but is a tive in improving health. It is an essential mineral nutrient Steroid prohormone that is produced in the skin by ultravio that is necessary on a daily basis for numerous key physi let Sunlight and converted by a Series of hydroxylations to a ologic functions in the body, including nerve, muscle, skin, biologically active steroid hormone metabolite (M. Peacock. endocrine functions acting as an important Second messen “Effect of calcium and vitamin D insufficiency on the ger. Deficiencies of calcium can have broad ranging adverse skeleton. Osteoporosis Int. Suppl 8: S45-S51. (1998); Rein effects on many tissues and may manifest clinically as hold Vieth. “Vitamin D Supplementation, 25-hydroxyvita irritability, muscle Spasm, myalgias, fatigue, anxiety and min D concentrations and safety.” Am J Clin Nutrition, vol depression. Adequate dietary calcium intake has been shown 69, pp. 842-56. (1999). (herein Peacock M; Vieth R). to reduce bone resorption, osteoporosis and fracture risk. Vitamin D is a major regulator of calcium homeostasis and Chronic low dietary calcium intake results in low bone mass bone metabolism. However, only recently has it been in many animal investigations, while calcium Supplementa hypothesized that ingestion of adequate concentrations of tion leads to increased bone mass (Peacock M). Calcium is Vitamin D that maintain Vitamin D in the Sufficiency range required in Supporting the bone formation phase of bone can result in Superior bone health and vitality. There have remodeling and is essential in bone growth, in optimizing
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Nutrition 102 – Class 3
    Nutrition 102 – Class 3 Angel Woolever, RD, CD 1 Nutrition 102 “Introduction to Human Nutrition” second edition Edited by Michael J. Gibney, Susan A. Lanham-New, Aedin Cassidy, and Hester H. Vorster May be purchased online but is not required for the class. 2 Technical Difficulties Contact: Erin Deichman 574.753.1706 [email protected] 3 Questions You may raise your hand and type your question. All questions will be answered at the end of the webinar to save time. 4 Review from Last Week Vitamins E, K, and C What it is Source Function Requirement Absorption Deficiency Toxicity Non-essential compounds Bioflavonoids: Carnitine, Choline, Inositol, Taurine, and Ubiquinone Phytoceuticals 5 Priorities for Today’s Session B Vitamins What they are Source Function Requirement Absorption Deficiency Toxicity 6 7 What Is Vitamin B1 First B Vitamin to be discovered 8 Vitamin B1 Sources Pork – rich source Potatoes Whole-grain cereals Meat Fish 9 Functions of Vitamin B1 Converts carbohydrates into glucose for energy metabolism Strengthens immune system Improves body’s ability to withstand stressful conditions 10 Thiamine Requirements Groups: RDA (mg/day): Infants 0.4 Children 0.7-1.2 Males 1.5 Females 1 Pregnancy 2 Lactation 2 11 Thiamine Absorption Absorbed in the duodenum and proximal jejunum Alcoholics are especially susceptible to thiamine deficiency Excreted in urine, diuresis, and sweat Little storage of thiamine in the body 12 Barriers to Thiamine Absorption Lost into cooking water Unstable to light Exposure to sunlight Destroyed
    [Show full text]
  • Tall Man Lettering List REPORT DECEMBER 2013 1
    Tall Man Lettering List REPORT DECEMBER 2013 1 TALL MAN LETTERING LIST REPORT WWW.HQSC.GOVT.NZ Published in December 2013 by the Health Quality & Safety Commission. This document is available on the Health Quality & Safety Commission website, www.hqsc.govt.nz ISBN: 978-0-478-38555-7 (online) Citation: Health Quality & Safety Commission. 2013. Tall Man Lettering List Report. Wellington: Health Quality & Safety Commission. Crown copyright ©. This copyright work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-No Derivative Works 3.0 New Zealand licence. In essence, you are free to copy and distribute the work (including other media and formats), as long as you attribute the work to the Health Quality & Safety Commission. The work must not be adapted and other licence terms must be abided. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/nz/ Copyright enquiries If you are in doubt as to whether a proposed use is covered by this licence, please contact: National Medication Safety Programme Team Health Quality & Safety Commission PO Box 25496 Wellington 6146 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The Health Quality & Safety Commission acknowledges the following for their assistance in producing the New Zealand Tall Man lettering list: • The Australian Commission on Safety and Quality in Health Care for advice and support in allowing its original work to be either reproduced in whole or altered in part for New Zealand as per its copyright1 • The Medication Safety and Quality Program of Clinical Excellence Commission, New South
    [Show full text]
  • BC Cancer Benefit Drug List September 2021
    Page 1 of 65 BC Cancer Benefit Drug List September 2021 DEFINITIONS Class I Reimbursed for active cancer or approved treatment or approved indication only. Reimbursed for approved indications only. Completion of the BC Cancer Compassionate Access Program Application (formerly Undesignated Indication Form) is necessary to Restricted Funding (R) provide the appropriate clinical information for each patient. NOTES 1. BC Cancer will reimburse, to the Communities Oncology Network hospital pharmacy, the actual acquisition cost of a Benefit Drug, up to the maximum price as determined by BC Cancer, based on the current brand and contract price. Please contact the OSCAR Hotline at 1-888-355-0355 if more information is required. 2. Not Otherwise Specified (NOS) code only applicable to Class I drugs where indicated. 3. Intrahepatic use of chemotherapy drugs is not reimbursable unless specified. 4. For queries regarding other indications not specified, please contact the BC Cancer Compassionate Access Program Office at 604.877.6000 x 6277 or [email protected] DOSAGE TUMOUR PROTOCOL DRUG APPROVED INDICATIONS CLASS NOTES FORM SITE CODES Therapy for Metastatic Castration-Sensitive Prostate Cancer using abiraterone tablet Genitourinary UGUMCSPABI* R Abiraterone and Prednisone Palliative Therapy for Metastatic Castration Resistant Prostate Cancer abiraterone tablet Genitourinary UGUPABI R Using Abiraterone and prednisone acitretin capsule Lymphoma reversal of early dysplastic and neoplastic stem changes LYNOS I first-line treatment of epidermal
    [Show full text]
  • Nutritional Interventions for Autism Spectrum Disorder
    Lead Article Nutritional interventions for autism spectrum disorder Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/nutritionreviews/advance-article-abstract/doi/10.1093/nutrit/nuz092/5687289 by Florida Atlantic University user on 06 January 2020 Elisa Karhu*, Ryan Zukerman*, Rebecca S. Eshraghi, Jeenu Mittal, Richard C. Deth, Ana M. Castejon, Malav Trivedi, Rahul Mittal, and Adrien A. Eshraghi Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is an increasingly prevalent neurodevelopmental dis- order with considerable clinical heterogeneity. With no cure for the disorder, treat- ments commonly center around speech and behavioral therapies to improve the characteristic social, behavioral, and communicative symptoms of ASD. Gastrointestinal disturbances are commonly encountered comorbidities that are thought to be not only another symptom of ASD but to also play an active role in modulating the expression of social and behavioral symptoms. Therefore, nutritional interventions are used by a majority of those with ASD both with and without clinical supervision to alleviate gastrointestinal and behavioral symptoms. Despite a consider- able interest in dietary interventions, no consensus exists regarding optimal nutritional therapy. Thus, patients and physicians are left to choose from a myriad of dietary pro- tocols. This review, summarizes the state of the current clinical and experimental liter- ature on nutritional interventions for ASD, including gluten-free and casein-free, keto- genic, and specific carbohydrate diets, as well as probiotics, polyunsaturated fatty
    [Show full text]
  • Enbrace​​® ​HR DESCRIPTION​​: INGREDIENTS
    EnBrace® HR with DeltaFolate​ ™ ​ [1 NF Units] [15 mg DFE Folate] ​ ​ ANTI-ANEMIA PREPARATION as extrinsic/intrinsic factor concentrate plus folate. ​ Prescription Prenatal/Vitamin Drug For Therapeutic Use ​ ​ ​ Multi-phasic Capsules (30ct bottle) NDC 64661-650-30 ​ ​ ​ Rx Only [DRUG] ​ ​ ​ GLUTEN-FREE DESCRIPTION: EnBrace® HR is an​ orally administered prescription prenatal/vitamin drug for ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ therapeutic use formulated for female macrocytic anemia patients that are in need of treatment, ​ and are under specific direction and monitoring of vitamin B12 and vitamin B9 status by a ​ ​ ​ ​ physician. EnBrace® HR is intended for women of childbearing age who are – or desire to ​ become, pregnant regardless of lactation status. EnBrace® HR may be prescribed for women at risk of depression as a result of folate or cobalamin deficiency - including folate-induced postpartum depression, or are at risk of folate-induced birth defects such as may be found with spina bifida and other neural tube defects (NTDs). INGREDIENTS: ​ Cobalamin intrinsic factor complex 1 NF Units* * ​ National​ Formulary Units (“NF UNITS”) equivalent to 50 mcg of active coenzyme cobalamin (as cobamamide concentrate with intrinsic factor) ALSO CONTAINS: 1 Folinic acid (B9-vitamer) 2.5 mg ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ + ​ 1 Control-release, citrated folic acid, DHF ​ (B9-Provitamin) 1 mg ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 2 ​ Levomefolic acid (B9 & B12- cofactor) 5.23 mg 1 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 6 mg DFE folate (vitamin B9) 2 ​ ​ 9​ mg DFE l-methylfolate magnesium (molar equivalent). FUNCTIONAL EXCIPIENTS: 13.6 mg FeGC as ferrous glycine cysteinate (1.5 mg 3 3,4 ​ elemental iron )​ [colorant], 25 mg ascorbates ​ (24 mg magnesium l-ascorbate, 1 mg ​ ​ ​ zinc l-ascorbate) [antioxidant], at least 23.33 mg phospholipid-omega3 complex5 ​ ​ ​ ​ [marine lipids], 500 mcg betaine (trimethylglycine) [acidifier], 1 mg magnesium ​ ​ ​ ​ l-threonate [stabilizer].
    [Show full text]
  • B-COMPLEX FORTE with VITAMIN C CAPSULES BECOSULES Capsules
    For the use only of a Registered Medical Practitioner or a Hospital or a Laboratory. B-COMPLEX FORTE WITH VITAMIN C CAPSULES BECOSULES Capsules 1. NAME OF THE MEDICINAL PRODUCT BECOSULES 2. QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE COMPOSITION Each capsule contains: Thiamine Mononitrate I.P. 10 mg Riboflavin I.P. 10 mg Pyridoxine Hydrochloride I.P. 3 mg Vitamin B12 I.P. ( as STABLETS 1:100) 15 mcg Niacinamide I.P. 100 mg Calcium Pantothenate I.P. 50 mg Folic Acid I.P. 1.5 mg Biotin U.S.P. 100 mcg Ascorbic Acid I.P. (as coated) 150 mg Appropriate overages added For Therapeutic Use For a full list of excipients, see section 6.1. All strengths/presentations mentioned in this document might not be available in the market. 3. PHARMACOLOGICAL FORM Capsules 4. CLINICAL PARTICULARS 4.1 Therapeutic Indications Trademark Proprietor: Pfizer Products Inc. USA Licensed User: Pfizer Limited, India BECOSULES Capsules Page 1 of 7 LPDBCC092017 PfLEET Number: 2017-0033507 Becosules capsules are indicated in the treatment of patients with deficiencies of, or increased requirement for, vitamin B-complex, and vitamin C. Such patients and conditions include: Decreased intake because of restricted or unbalanced diet as in anorexia, diabetes mellitus, obesity and alcoholism. Reduced availability during treatment with antimicrobials which alter normal intestinal flora, in prolonged diarrhea and in chronic gastro-intestinal disorders. Increased requirements due to increased metabolic rate as in fever and tissue wasting, e.g. febrile illness, acute or chronic infections, surgery, burns and fractures. Stomatitis, glossitis, cheilosis, paraesthesias, neuralgia and dermatitis. Micronutrient deficiencies during pregnancy or lactation.
    [Show full text]
  • Protocol for Look-Alike and Sound-Alike Drugs
    Community Mental Health for Central Michigan PROTOCOL FOR LOOK-ALIKE AND SOUND-ALIKE DRUGS This protocol should be posted in all licensed residential group homes who contract with Community Mental Health for Central Michigan ADMINISTRATIVE GUIDELINE In an effort to improve medication safety and to meet The Joint Commission’s National Patient Safety Goal Number 3, Community Mental Health for Central Michigan (CMHCM) has identified a process to address sound-alike and look-alike drugs. The Performance Improvement Team that developed this guideline will continue to monitor new drugs on the market as they are released, review the list included with this guideline on an annual basis, and provide appropriate updates. Appropriate action to prevent errors involving the interchange of these drugs will be taken. Each CMHCM site (including direct and provider network sites) where medication is distributed or administered will post the attached lists and implement a plan for preventing drug mix-ups. This plan may consist of but not be limited to: Listing both the brand and generic names on medication records. Storing products with look-alike or sound-alike names in different locations. Employing double checks in the distribution process. Affixing “name alert” stickers to areas where look-alike or sound-alike products are stored. Changing the appearance of look-alike product names on pharmacy labels, computer screens, shelf labels and bins, and medication records by highlighting, through bold face, color, and/or tall man letters, the parts of the names that are different (e.g. hydrOXYzine, hydrALAzine). Having physicians write prescriptions using both the brand and generic names.
    [Show full text]
  • Folinic Acid 2019 Newborn Use Only
    Folinic acid 2019 Newborn use only Alert Folinic acid is a 5-formyl derivative of tetrahydrofolic acid. It is not the same as folic acid, but does have an equivalent vitamin activity. Also known as calcium folinate or Leucovorin. Indication Concurrent therapy with dihydrofolate reductase inhibitors such as pyrimethamine to reduce bone marrow suppression [1, 2]. Folinic acid dependent seizures and secondary causes of cerebral folate deficiency including other inborn errors of metabolism [3, 4]. Action Folinic acid is the active metabolite of folate that bypasses dihydrofolate reductase. Drug Type Metabolically active reduced form of folate (vitamin B9) Trade Name Leucovorin Presentation DBL Leucovorin Calcium tablets (calcium folinate) – 15 mg. Contains excipients including lactose monohydrate, microcrystalline cellulose, magnesium stearate. DBL Leucovorin Injection (calcium folinate) – 15 mg/2 mL, 50 mg/5 mL, 100 mg/10 mL, 300 mg/30 mL strengths available. Dosage/Interval Concurrent therapy with dihydrofolate reductase inhibitors [1, 2] 10 mg three times per week Folinic acid responsive seizures [3, 5] 2.5 mg twice a day (doses up to 8 mg/kg/day have been used) Route Oral Maximum Daily Dose Not established. Preparation/Dilution Using the injection:15-17 Measure the dose and give undiluted orally. Using the tablet: Add sterile water to 15 mg tablet to make it up to 15 mL suspension (1 mg/mL). Shake well before administration. Discard any unused liquid after administration. Administration Administer on an empty stomach (i.e. at least one hour before food or two hours after food).13 Monitoring No specific monitoring required. Contraindications Little information.
    [Show full text]
  • Folate Receptor Alpha Autoantibodies in Autism Spectrum Disorders: Diagnosis, Treatment and Prevention
    Journal of Personalized Medicine Review Folate Receptor Alpha Autoantibodies in Autism Spectrum Disorders: Diagnosis, Treatment and Prevention Natasha Bobrowski-Khoury 1, Vincent T. Ramaekers 2, Jeffrey M. Sequeira 3 and Edward V. Quadros 3,* 1 School of Graduate Studies, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA; [email protected] 2 The Autism Center, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium; [email protected] 3 Department of Medicine, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: Folate deficiency and folate receptor autoimmune disorder are major contributors to infertility, pregnancy related complications and abnormal fetal development including structural and functional abnormalities of the brain. Food fortification and prenatal folic acid supplementation has reduced the incidence of neural tube defect (NTD) pregnancies but is unlikely to prevent pregnancy- related complications in the presence of folate receptor autoantibodies (FRAb). In pregnancy, these autoantibodies can block folate transport to the fetus and in young children, folate transport to the brain. These antibodies are prevalent in neural tube defect pregnancies and in developmental disorders such as cerebral folate deficiency (CFD) syndrome and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). In the latter conditions, folinic acid treatment has shown clinical improvement in some of the core ASD deficits. Early testing for folate receptor autoantibodies and intervention is likely to result Citation: Bobrowski-Khoury, N.; in a positive outcome. This review discusses the first identification of FRAb in women with a Ramaekers, V.T.; Sequeira, J.M.; history of neural tube defect pregnancy and FRAb’s association with sub-fertility and preterm birth.
    [Show full text]
  • Nutrient Effects Upon Embryogenesis: Folate, Vitamin a and Iodine
    Hornstra G, Uauy R, Yang X (eds): The Impact of Maternal Nutrition on the Offspring. Nestlé Nutrition Workshop Series Pediatric Program, vol 55, pp 29–47, Nestec Ltd., Vevey/S. Karger AG, Basel, © 2005. Nutrient Effects upon Embryogenesis: Folate, Vitamin A and Iodine Thomas H. Rosenquista, Janee Gelineau van Waesa, Gary M. Shawb and Richard Finnellc aUniversity of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebr.; bCalifornia Birth Defects Monitoring Project, Berkeley, Calif., and cTexas A & M University Medical Center, Houston, Tex., USA Introduction The period of human ‘embryogenesis’, the foundation of this chapter, is generally taken to include the initial 8-week period of human development, from fertilization through organogenesis. Knowledge of the effects of nutrients upon the normal development of the embryo during this period typically has been acquired by observation of the effects that accompany some perturbation of the delivery of a given nutrient; therefore this chapter will focus upon the results of ‘perturbed’ delivery of folic acid, vitamin A, and iodine. While a developmental defect may occur at virtually any time during gestation, only perturbations that occur during embryogenesis can produce major anatomical malformations of organs that develop from the neural tube and the neural crest. Defects of the neural tube and neural crest are the most common and the most devastating in terms of mortality and morbidity, stillbirths, and spontaneous abortions. These include neural tube closure defects such as spina bifida, orofacial defects, and conotruncal heart defects [1–3]. Based upon these data, it may be argued that the most important nutri- ent effects during embryogenesis are those that impact upon the development of the neural tube and the neural crest; therefore, these effects will be the principal topic of this chapter.
    [Show full text]
  • Front Matter (PDF)
    HIGH RATE OF SUCCESS IN AN NIH- STUDY of hypertensive patients- highest percentage - remained on itial therapy 83% with NORVASC#{174}(amlodipi besylate) after 4 years; nearly all pati were on the 5-mg starting dose’ LOW RATE DISCONTINUATION ONLY 1.5%of patients in placebo studies (n= 1730) discontinued due to adverse effects2 PROVEN No negative inotropic effects clinical doses in hemodyna m ic stud 2* No clinically significant effect on cardiac conduction or heart rate2 *S1IflH,jr fiernodynamic findings, hcvever fiave been agents possessing significant neqafive notropic ebecto and 10-mg tablets Once-Daily NORV (ambdipine EFFICACY AND SAFETY THAT’S EASY TO WITH Br$e(Summary NORVASC(amlodlpine besylate) Tablets For Oral Use CONTRAINDICATIONS: NORVASC is contraindicated in patients with known sensitivity to arniodipirre. In hypertension WARNINGS: Increased Angina and/or MyOcardIal Infarction: Rarely, patients, particulady those with severe obstruc5ve coronary artery disease, have developed documented increased frequency,durationand/or severity of angina or acute myocardial infarction on starhng cafrium channel blocker therapy or attire time of dosage increase. The mechanism of this effect has not been elucidated. PRECAUTIONS: General: Since the vasoditation induced by NORVASC is gradual in onset, acute hypotension has rarely been reported after oraladministrationof NORVASC. Nonethetuss, caution should be exercised when admin- or angina, convenient istering NORVASC as with any other penpherio vasodilator particularly in pahentswithsevere
    [Show full text]
  • Vitamin Biosynthesis As an Antifungal Target
    Journal of Fungi Review Vitamin Biosynthesis as an Antifungal Target Zohar Meir and Nir Osherov * Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Ramat-Aviv, Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +972-3-640-9599; Fax: +972-3-640-9160 Received: 29 May 2018; Accepted: 13 June 2018; Published: 17 June 2018 Abstract: The large increase in the population of immunosuppressed patients, coupled with the limited efficacy of existing antifungals and rising resistance toward them, have dramatically highlighted the need to develop novel drugs for the treatment of invasive fungal infections. An attractive possibility is the identification of possible drug targets within essential fungal metabolic pathways not shared with humans. Here, we review the vitamin biosynthetic pathways (vitamins A–E, K) as candidates for the development of antifungals. We present a set of ranking criteria that identify the vitamin B2 (riboflavin), B5 (pantothenic acid), and B9 (folate) biosynthesis pathways as being particularly rich in new antifungal targets. We propose that recent scientific advances in the fields of drug design and fungal genomics have developed sufficiently to merit a renewed look at these pathways as promising sources for the development of novel classes of antifungals. Keywords: antifungals; fungal vitamin metabolism; drug target; essential genes 1. Introduction The number of life-threatening fungal infections has risen dramatically over the last twenty years. Recent estimates have identified a global burden of almost two million patients with systemic and invasive fungal infections, including ~700,000 cases of invasive candidiasis, ~500,000 cases of Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia, ~250,000 cases of invasive aspergillosis, ~220,000 cases of cryptococcal meningitis, and ~100,000 cases of disseminated histoplasmosis [1,2].
    [Show full text]