NEWSLETT ER of the MICHIGAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY Volume 29, Number 3 & 4 November 22, 1984

A Poplar Tentmaker Outbreak in Michigan

by

Gregory L. Reighard and Gregory J. Kowalewski

The poplar tentmaker inclusa HUbner, and population density regulate the population is a multivol tine that lays its eggs on dynamics of this is a barrier to pre­ the undersides of the leaves of trees of dicting the conditions that make poplar plan­ (Baker 1972, Oliveria 1978). The tations susceptible to a PTM outbreak. The PTM larvae, which live in webbed-leaf tents, are has not yet been seen in hybrid poplar plantings gregarious and feed nocturnally on the foliage or aspen stands in northern Lower Michigan of various poplar and species. This (W. Mattson, L. Moore, and J. Witter, personal notodontid is uncommon in Michigan even though communication) where the poplar and aspen Baker (1972) lists its native range as resources is heavily used by the Michigan wood extending to southern Ontario. Only two adults products industry. (both from Berrien County) are in the collection of the Zoology Museum at Michigan State University. Sherman Moore's (1955) annotated list of Michigan gives records for this insect in Berrien, Newaygo, Oakland, Washtenaw, and Wayne counties. Collections of C. inclusa have also been made in Cass and St.-Joseph counties (M. C. Nielsen and D. C. L. Gosling , personal communication). The collection records indicate that the insect is endemic to southern Michigan. The poplar tentmaker (PTM ) has recently emerged as a serious pest of cott onwood plan­ tations in the Gulf States . Stein and Oliveria (1979) r eported t hat prior to 1977, no record of complete defo l iation of a single cottonwood tree had been found in the Lower Mississippi River Delta. However , in 1977 approximately 20,000 acres of cottonwood plantations were defoliated by this insect. During the 1978 outbreak, aerial surveillance along the Mississippi River located pockets of defo­ liation as far north as Cairo, (F. L. OLiveria, personal communication). The future PTM defoliation - note tent on top. planting of hybr id poplar in Michigan for wood fiber production increases the risk of a PTM In September 1982, however, a PTM infesta­ infes t ation developing in southern Lower t ion was discovered in a five-month~old, aspen Michigan. The lack of scientific information plantation in Cass County. Michigan about 13 km concerning how climat e, parasites, food supply, (Continued on page 8)

The NEWSLETTER of the Michigan Entomological Society is published as four numbers yearly, at irregular intervals . Please send all notes, news, new insect records, research requests, notices, season summaries, membership inquiries, etc. to the Executive Secretary, Michigan Ento­ mological Society, Dept. of Entomology, Michigan State Univers i ty, East Lansing, Michigan 48824. Officers of M.E.S. FOR SALE: Entomologische Arbeiten aus dem Museum G. Frey Band 1 to 27 (1950-1976) -­ Abstracts of Entomology, vol. 1-14 (1972-1983) President ...... Dave Evans complete except for cumulative index (available President-Elect . . . . . Dave Cowen only for 1972-1973). BEST OFFER. Rev. Carlo Immediate Past President Gary Dunn Brivio, 17400 Quincy, Detroit, MI 48221, Executive Secretary . . . Mo Nielsen phone (313) 342-4066. Member-at-Large (1982-85) Fred Stehr RESEARCH NOTICE: To those participating in the Member-at-Large (1983-86) Glenn Belyea Sesiidae pheromone Project, if you have caught Member-at-Large (1984-87) Gary Simmons anything interesting wirh the pheromone Journal Editor . . . . . Dave Gosling please notify me at your convenience. I can be Newsletter Editor . . . . Louis Wilson reached evenings at (312) 237-0543 or write to Associat~ Newsletter Editor George Heaton Dr. John Holoyda, 2819 N. Marmora, Chicago, IL 60634. (long run) HANTED: data and/or specimens of Michigan carahid beetles (including Cicindelinae) for Notices a state faunal study aimed at studying the distributions, seasona activity and ecological (Notices will bl? run for a year or 4 nwribers requirements of all species. Collections of of the Newsletter unless notified to drop undetermined material will be accepted for them. Members desiring longer runs should making or verifying determinations. Contact notif.~ newsletter editor, L. F. Wilson, Dept. Gary A. Dunn, Department of Entomology, Michi­ of Forestry, Michigan State University, 48824) gan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824. EXCHANGE: Wish to exchange specimens of WANTED: Data on Michigan butterflies for use Nearctic Cicindelidae (and Carabidae). Also, in a new publication on the butterflies of correspondence welcomed from those interested Michigan. Doubtful specimens can be forwarded in these groups. I am interested in records, for determination or confirmation. Especially label data and other information of Cicindela interested in Lycaenidae and Hesperiidae rec­ spp., especially hirticollis. Write: Gary A. ords. Contact M. C. Nielsen, 3415 Overlea Dunn, Department of Entomology, Michigan State Dr., LanSing, MI 48917 (517-321-2192). Univ., East LanSing, MI 48824. VOLUNTEERS NEEDED: A number of Michigan 4-H WANTED: Correspondence with anyone interested Entomology clubs are in need of technical in exchanging ants (need not be determined) support and gui dance from experienced entomolo­ from outside of Michigan for Michigan gists. Your hel p is needed to lead field (ants or others). Write to: Ronald Merchant, 4334 W. Holt Road, Holt MI 48842. activities, help at leader workshops, judge collections at the fair, and provide helpful hints to club members. If you are interested WANTED: Collecting data on Hichigan in helping a 4-H club, please contact me and I Formicidae. Prefer county, township, range, will attempt to match you up with the nearest and section, but county only acceptable. These club. data will be used in compiling a county list. Along similar lines, the Teen International Send data to: Ronald Merchant, 4334 W. Holt Entomology Group (TIEG), which is based at Road, Holt, MI 48842. Michigan State University in East Lansing, is in need of both long and short articles on any ~NTED: Studies on the Comparative Ethology of entomology-related topic. Digger Wasps of the Genus Bembix by Evans; If you are interested in helping either of Beetles of the Pacific Northwest by Hatch these organizations, contact Gary A. Dunn, (5 vol.); Biology of the Leaf Miners by Department of Entomology, Michigan State Hering; The Ecology of Plant Galls by Mani. University, East Lansing, MI 48824-1115. Write stating condition and price to John E. Holzbach, 229 Maywood Drive, Youngstown, Ohio, RESEARCH REQUEST: The f ollowi ng , 44512. (long run) , are becoming pests of corn: Hy draecia immanus Guenee, ~. micacea Esper, and Oligia EXCHANGE: I'm working on Noctuidae (Orbis fractilinea (Grote). I have no Michigan r ecords terrarum) and would like to exchange Noctuidae of the first t wo, but t hey should be present in of all nearctic species for Old World Michigan . The l ast i s an "old fashioned" pest Lasiocampidae (nearly all Eur.opean species of gras ses and should be fairly common in possible) . The Noctuidae are for scientific collections . Would you please check your use. They can be damaged, but they have to be collections and, if you find specimens, let me complete, especi al ly the genitalia, legs, and know the s pecies, l ocality, date, host, and sex? antennae. If interested, write to Hermann R. F. Ruppel , De partment of Entomology, Mich­ Hacker, Dipl.-Forsting, Gries 38, 8621 igan State Un iversi ty, East Lansing, Mi chigan Ebensfeld, West Germany. 48824. (next page) 2 FOR SALE: Insect Pins; Std. Black, Elephant, for a book about fireflies. If anyone has Stainless Steel, Minutens and Laber Pins. information please write: Charlene W. Sizes 000 thru 7 available. For complete list Billing's, 39 Coburn Ave., Nashua, NH 03063, write: Ianni Butterfly Enterprises, P. O. Box or call (603) 889-2070. 81171, Cleveland, Ohio, 44181. (216) 888-9763. CORRESPOND: Italian entomologist interested in FOR SALE: Worldwide, collectible butterflies, Papilionidae, Morphidae, Lucanidae, and Beetles and rare insects, named with data. For Scarabaeidae of the world wants to obtain spe­ subscription to butterfly and beetle price cimens from many countries, and would like to lists send $5.00 to Ianni Butterfly know the address of some dry insect dealers in Enterprises, P.O. Box 81171, Cleveland, Ohio, the U.S. or elsewhere in the world. Please 44181. write to: Marco Mastrocicco, Via Anselmina I, 10020 Lauriano (TO) ITALY. BOOKS FOR SALE: Beetles of the World, Gakken. A magnificent color pictorial reference book containing illustrations of over 600 worldwide Pen? Decal? beetles with English names and origins. Text is Japanese, ($32.50 postpaid). Beetles, Those of you who missed attending the Annual Bernard Klausnitzer. Fascinating and most Meeting of the Society can still purchase a interesting representatives of the beetle "Gallery" pen imprinted with, "Michigan family. Fantastic color & b/w illustrations of Entomological Society 30th Annual Meeting many rare and extraordinary species. ($21.50 Kellogg Biological Station". Send $1.50 for postpaid). The Dictionary of Butterflies and mailing to the Executive Secretary, c/o Dept. Moths, Lathwait, Watson & Whalley, 405 color of Entomology, MSU, East Lansing, MI 48824. photographs representing over 1000 species in If you also want a new M.E.S. decal, send this A-Z Dictionary that is chock full of facts $2.00. such as size, habitat, etc. An excellent addi­ tion to any library. Send $19.50 (postpaid) to Ianni Butterfly Enterprises, P. O. Box 81171, Cleveland, Ohio, 44181. Insect Faces

FOR SALE: Malaise Traps. Design with proven with Many Graces superior efficiency, as described and figured by Townes In Entomological News (83 : 239-247). From the world of the insect land, Complete with stakes. $198, postpaid. Order I learned about the species man; from: Golden Owl Publishers, Inc., 182 As I went about venturous strolls, Chestnut Rd., Lexington Park, MD 20653. Phone Catching glimpses of all these wee souls. (301) 863-9253. I found what a moment really means, Becoming happy of mortal dreams. FOR SALE: The very rare butterfly Zerynthia polyxena that lives only within a limit ed area Insect faces of the southern French Alps near the Riveria . Wi th many graces-­ It feeds only on Ar i stochi a spp. Rave a few Oh pleas e notice me specimens for sal e to private collectors As no gi ant pest , interested in the rare and unusual. Color pic­ Nor my eyes s ee you tures and price available upon request. If As being unbl essed . interested write: Dr. Charles J. van Assche, Supe r Rou viere B. ~, 83 , bou evard du Redon, Must have been l ucky to truly see, 13009 Ma rseille, f rance. The workings of curiosity; Dr. van Assche p:ans to be in the U.S. the l ast Where patience turned into such a joy, two weeks of 'une 1985 and could bri ng spec i­ And always having an endless toy. mens with "im. Noticing t he goodness in God ' s creatures; My iddy-biddy little teachers. EltCHA! GE: I want Buprestidae and Rutelinae fr om Europe, especially all neartic species, in exchange for beetles or other insects from Insect faces Europe and Africa. If interested, write to With many graces-­ Gi gli Maur i zi o, Via Monte Macereto 13-00141, Could my fellow man Roma , It Scurry not so fast, Do you think they can WANTED : I am s eeking photographs of Be better friends at last? ~a : ity that depict the life cycle rican firefly, preferably Nature and beauty I caught deep respect, Photinus Fyra:~ s. I am t he author of several When I looked in the face of my insect. children's s:ieace books published by Dodd, Mead and C any, Inc., . This same publ isher has as~e d me to l ocate photographs Peter Lisk 3 Thirtieth Annual Meeting of M.E.S.

The Michigan Entomological Society's 30th lating and detailed account of the "Evolution Annual Meeting was held at the W. K. Kellogg of North America Admiral Butterfl ies." Copies Biological Station on the shores of beautiful of his beautifully illustrated paper were Gull Lake in Kalamazoo County, Michigan, on 8 available to all those of interest. The June 1984. The meeting was attended by 35 mem­ following papers were delivered prior to bers and guests who enjoyed another interesting lunch: program and had an opportunity for getting A perplexing beetles larva from the acquainted with other members . The Society's eastern Upper Peninsula , Daniel Young, Governing Board held it usual meeting just University of Wisconsin. prior to the formal program, participating were Preliminary studies on the reproductive Glenn Belyea, Gary Dunn, David Evans, David biology of Adalia bipunctata (Coccinellidae), Gosling, Mogens Nielsen and Lou Wilson. The Richard Fleming, Olivet College. following topics were discussed : Following lunch , the Society held its busi­ 1. Nielsen summarized the M.E.S. finances as ness meeting, with Nielsen summarizing of 8 June: savings account, $3,500.00; discussions of the Governing Board, and results checking account, $2,366.32; CD, $8,194.00; of the election of officers. The matter of accounts receivable, $920.00; TOTAL assets refereeing Journal papers was discussed at some of $14,980.32 (compared to $12,522.95 at length; Wilson indicated that by having a sta­ previous annual meeting). All bills were tement in the Journal that papers are refereed paid as of the meeting, yet it was esti­ would add more prestige to the Journal and mated that M.E.S. obligations for the increase subsidized papers. Editor Gosling remaining year will aprroximate $7,500.00, stated that many papers are refereed but if all which includes 3 Journals, 2 Newsletters papers were it would add greatly to the time and miscellaneous postage and other and expense of putting out the Journal. The supplies. Membership has dropped off to matter was left for further discussion at the about 400 paid members , although new mem­ next Governing Board Meeting. Evans then pre­ bers are being added at an acceptable rate. sented the following afternoon papers: 2. Gosling reported on the status of the Journal which is getting back on a more Spruce budworm impact relationships within regular schedule. Manuscripts on hand, ecosystem units in Michigan's Upper Peninsula will keep the Journal . on/schedule for the by Ann Lynch and John Witter, University of remainder of Volume 17. New manuscripts Michigan are needed, however, to maintain the quar­ terly schedule into the next volume. Also, New genera of parasitic mites on insects good photographs are needed for Journal from the Indo-Australian region by Robert covers; sharp/black and white/prints are Husband, Adrian College preferred. Manuscript rejections continue to run high. A comparative analysis of Collembola in 3. Wilson brieflY reported on the Newsletter organic and conventional agroecosystems by Pat and the continuing need for more news items Michalak, G.W. Bird, R. Harwood, and T. Edens, from members, especially lead articles. He Mi chigan State University also urged that members submit more Entomological Notes so the Society can Nesting behavior of Tachysphex pechumani maintain an acceptable number of Notes, (Sphecidae) by Mark O'Brian, University of which currently s tand at 15 (come on mem­ Michigan bers, let's have some MORE)! 4. Ron Merchant was invited to present a pro­ A jack-pine pest management computer game by posal for Life Membership . He suggested Raymond Drapek and Gary Simmons, Michigan State that the once-only fee be pegged at 20 University times the annual dues, or currently $160.00. This class of membership is Nestmate r ecognition in the bald-faced hor­ offered by many comparable societies as a net, Dolichovespul a maculata by Ruth Ryan, means of generating more funds, especially Thomas Cornell, and George Gamboa, Ka l amazoo for publications. The motion was made and College carried. The proposal will appear on the next ballot for election of officers. Managing birch dieback by John Ball, University of Minnesota, Waseca President Gary Dunn opened the meeting with a welcoming statement, Lntroduced the members Fo owing the program, President Dunn pre­ of the Governing Board, and turned the formal sented the Society's gavel to the new President program over to President-Elect David Evans, David Evans and Evans then closed the formal Chairman of the Annual Meeting. Evans then mee ting. I n ividual members then made separate introduced Dr. Austin P. Platt, University of arrangements for collecting later in the Maryland Baltimore County, who gave a stimu­ evening and on Saturday. 4 30th Annual Meeting (cont.) Address Changes Our THANKS go to David Evans for arranging such a fine and stimulating program with topics BALOGH, GEORGE, 3646 Woodcliff, for all interest.s. Again, the value of the Kalamazoo, MI 49008. Annual Meeting was also measured by the BAUMGARTNER, DONALD, 150 S. Walnut St., numerous contacts with other members and Palatine, IL 60067. speakers during and after the meeting--usually CAMPBELL, GEORGE, 6338 McGuire, Fenton, a once-a-year opportunity! Also, we wish to express our appreciation to the staff and per­ MI 48430. CASSANI, JOHN R., Rt. 1, Box 499 G, Fort sonnel of the Kellogg Biological Station for Myers, FL 33905. making the Meeting a huge success! CORKUM, LYNDA D., 207-275 Askin Blvd., M. C. Nielsen Windsor, Ontario, CANADA N9B 3R5. DOLPHIN, ROBERT E., Ntl. Disease Lab, Box 844, Ames, IA 50010-0844. FLEXNER, LINDSEY, 2850 SE Aldren, New Officers Elected Corvallis, OR 97333. HALL, RICHARD L., 242 W. 8th Ave., Apt. Y, Columbus, OH 43201. Dave Cowan, assistant professor in the KNIEST, FRANS, Rooddorpstr 19, 5913 TD Department of Biology at Western Michigan Venlo, The NETHERLANDS. University becomes president-elect at the next KORNBERG, HARRY, 6299 Summer Sky Lane, Annual meeting. Gary Simmons from Michigan Lake Worth, FL 33463. State University, Department of Entomology KURZ, JOSEPH E., 773 N. 23 St., La returns to the Governing Board Member-at-large, Crosse, WI 54601. beating out Ed Voss by a hair. And of course, LITTAHORSKY, ANTON, R. R. 2, Corkery Rd., all of you voters chose Mo Nielsen to remain Carp, Ontario, KOAILO, CANADA. (permanentely?) or Executive Secretary. LORING, STEVEN J., Dept. of Biology, New Congratulations to the winner! Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003. MERTINS, JAMES W., 2808 Greensboro Dr., Ames, IA 50010. Dues Due MICHELS, MATTHEW F., 21440 Inwood Ave., Forest Lake, MN 55025-9150. MORGAN, GERRY W., P. O. Box 516, Grant Members are reminded to pay their 1984 dues Park, IL 60940-0516. NOW! And any dues that may be in arrears. MUELLER, STEVEN J., 37 Maplewood Dr., Please help us to maintain our sevices without Baxter, MN 56401. further expenses by remitting pronto. Also, PRANGE, ROSS M. , 2217 Canal Rd., several members forgot to send us no tifications Lafayett e, IN 47905. of their address change. Pr inted "change of SHAPPIRIO, DAVID G. , Univ. of Mich. Bio. address" cards can be picked up at any U.S . Sci. , 1116 Nat. Sci. Bl dg., Ann Arbor, Post Office. Failure to keep us informed wi ll MI 48109-1048. only delay receipt of M.E.S . publicat ions, and STEVEN , JEFFREY C. , 100 Center Court, cause the Society greater expense . Your Cambridge , WI 53523. cooperation is much appreciated!! STEYSKAL , GEORGE C. , Dept. of Entomology, U.S. Na t1. Mus eum NHB-168, Washington, DC 20560. TAYLOR, DAVID, Screwworm Res earch, New Members American Embassy-Tuxt1a , P. O. Box 3087, Laredo, TX 78041 . WALDBAUER, GIL BERT P., 320 Morrill Hall, BODNAR, FRANK, Box 52, Spring Church, PA 505 S. Goodwin, Urbana , IL 61801. 15686. WOLF , LELAND, 1149 Saturn , Toledo, OH van BRONSWIJK, J.E.M.H., Molenpad 4, ..3615-4342. Zoelmond, The NETHERLANDS. YODE R, WAYNE A., 51 Powe lls Lane, EATON, DONALD M. , Dept. of Entomology, Frostburg, HD 21532. Un~v. of Mass., Amherst, MA 01003. GRIMSTAD , PAUL R., Dept of Biology, Univ. of No t re Dame , No t r e Dame, IN 46556. KI NG, BARBARA J., Insect Div., Museum of Zoo ., Univ. of Mich. , Ann Arbor, MI ~ THE SINGING THERMOMETER , COUnt the number of chirps a snowy 48109 . .. IRe cricket anIIts in 15.S8tOnds, add KULKI S, MARK J., 721 S. Forest, Apt. 40 10 ItIls!number -and.presto, you #108, Ann Arbor, MI 48104. WI! ;bave ~he approximate WRIGHT, DAVID M. , 124 Heartwood Dr., temperature in degrees Fahrenheit! Lansdale, PA 19446. 5

, :# Annual Meeting Photos

6 Annual Meeting Photos

7 Poplar Tentmaker (from p. 1) Stand density is another factor influencing west of Marcellus. The following year, the the vulnerability of poplars to a PTH attack. infestation became noticeably larger. The Baker (1972) reports that open-grown trees are plantation was a genetic test, so the major more susceptible to defoliation by PTH. The objective was to determine host preference of young age (two years) and small size (0.5-3.0 m the ovipositing PTM females. In addition we tall) of the plantation trees created an compared the weather conditions of the 1983 understocked stand, which likely increaed its Michigan infestation with the climatic con­ susceptiblity to a PTM attack. ditions associated with the Gulf States Noticeable defoliation by poplar tentmaker in outbreak. 1983 began on August 8th and contined up to The results showed that no aspen taxon was October. By October 7th, all the larvae had preferred over another by the ovipositing pUpated. poplar tentmaker females (table 1). The attracting force that guided the moths to the leaves of these Populus species and hybrids was probably a chemical compound such as salicin, a phenolic glycoside which is ubiquitous in the Salicaceae family (Rowe and Conner 1979). The size of this PTM infestation was small compared to the outbreaks along the Mississippi River. This was due largely to the small acreage of host species available to this insect in south­ western Michigan. The forests of Cass County are comprised chiefly of eastern hardwoods with some localized pockets of aspen, cottonwood, and willow. Most of the attacked trees were 100 percent defoliated. Although this complete defoliation suggested that aspen was an accep­ table food source for PTM larvae, this insect may be just an opportunist and actually prefers cottonwood or willow. The PTM is not found in northern Lower Michigan where there are large Poplar tent-maker tent. acreages of aspen (Section Leuce) but essen­ tially no cottonwood (Section Aigerios). Late summer defoliation of cottonwood trees is Although family differences were not eva­ thought to effect crown density, vegatative luated in the aspen plantation, clonal dif­ growth, and tree vigor the following year ferences to PTM attack have been noted in (Stein and Oliveria 1979). Baker and Blackman cottonwood plantations in the Mississippi River (1977) showed that sign ificant quantities of Delta (J. Smith, personal communication). The nitrogen (61%) and phosphorus (53%) in cotton­ resistant clones suffered only 20-30 percent wood leaves are translocated back to the cam­ defoliation compared to 100 percent defoliation (Continued next page) of the susceptible clones.

Table 1. The total number of trees in each aspen taxon and the number and percentage of these trees scored as the preferred hosts of the poplar tentmaker females.

Number of Number of Percentage Aspen Taxon Total Trees of Trees Trees Preferred Preferred

Populus grandidentata 118 46 39 ~. grandidentata X~. tremuloides 135 38 28 452 155 34 ~. tremuloides X~. grandidentata 56 56 36 (P. alba x ~. grandidentata) X P. grandidentata 52 14 27 (~. alba x P. grandidentata) X P. tremuloides 88 36 41

P. grandidentata as the maternal parent 393 134 34 P. tremuloides as the maternal parent W8 211 35

All aspen taxa 1001 345 34

8 PTM (from page 8) sites and predators (Witter and Ku1man 1979, bium before leaf fall in autumn. Furthermore, Ives 1981). they found that 76 percent of the above-ground The multivo1tine life cycle of the PTM is biomass in cottonwood trees growing in partly regulated by temperature. The poplar Mississippi is accumulated during August and tentmaker has 4-5 generations per year in September. This suggests that defoliation by Mississippi and the development time for one PTM negatively affects tree growth in the generation is about two weeks less during the following attack. hot summer months (F. L. Oliveria, unpublished The' same year (1983) that the PTM infesta­ data). The number of PTM generations in tion appeared in Cass County; other lepidop­ Michigan are uncertain, but there are at least terous defoliators such as the fall webworm, 1 1/2 generations in southern Lower Michigan Hyphantria cunea (Drury), and the ugly nest which agrees with Baker (1972). The hot summer caterpillar, Archips cerasivoranus Fitch, were temperatures in 1983 may have shortened the abnormally abundant. Solomon and Cook (1978) normal development time for a generation and found a similar situation in 1977 when hardwood consequently, reduced parasitism of the larvae lepidopterous defoliators including poplar and pupae by tachinids and flesh flies. A low tentmaker had outbreaks in the same year. resident population of these parasites in 1983 Temperature and precipitation are thought to should not be eliminated, however, as possible be important environmental factors affecting explanation for the large poplar tentmaker lepidoptera eggs, larvae, pupae, and their population. After the 1977 PTM outbreak parasites. The weather conditions in Cass occurred in the Mississippi River Delta, the County for the winter, spring, and summer parasite population exploded the following year months were abnormal in 1983. The winter of (1978) which caused the PTM population to crash 1982-1983 was unusually mild. Winter tem­ in 1979 (F. L. Oliveria, personal communication). peratures were 16 percent higher and snowfall In addition, to the apparent positive effects was 83 percent lower than the 3D-year mean. that hot temperatures have on PTM populations, These winter conditions may have led to greater the negative effects of these high temperatures survival of PTM pupae because of milder winter on PTM feeding activities are minimized by the temperatures and the lack of snow cover for tents constructed by the larvae and their noc­ mammalian predators such as mice and moles. turnal habits. April and May, the period when aspen and The poplar tentmaker will attack and defo­ cottonwood initiate new shoot growth in liate young plantations of Populus grandiden­ Michigan, were 10 percent cooler and 50 percent tata, ~. tremuloides, and their hybrids in wetter than the 3D-year average. Cool, wet southern Lower Michigan. Defoliation by late weather is generally unfavorable for 1epidop­ instar larvae occurs rapidly. Incidence of tera larvae that may emerge and feed in spring. ~ttack may increase in the future if larger However, PTM larvae would be unaffected by cold acreages of Populus are planted in southern springs if selection pressure on Michigan popu­ Michigan. It is not known, however, if poplar lations of PTM favors adult emergence after the tentmaker prefers Aigerios poplars over aspen average date of the last spring frost when an in Mi c higan. The population dynamics of poplar adequate supply of leaves is available for tentmaker in its northern range is not ade­ egg laying and larval food. Witter and Waisanen quately understood at this t i me , but climatic (1977) found significantly higher tortricid conditions are suspected of regul ating PTM caterpillar populations on early flushing clo­ population levels by differentially affecting nes of aspen. They suggested that higher sur­ t he survival of its pupae, larvae, and parasi­ vival of 2nd-stage larvae on these clones is tes . If poplar tentmaker ever becomes a the most reasonable explanation . If t he problem to Michigan poplar plantati ons, it will Michigan PTM population had evol ved according probably be in l ocalized areas i n southern to the phenology of aspen and the last spring Lower Michigan . frost (May 10th in Cass County), adult LITERATURE CITED emergence wou l d occur in gid to l ate May . M. C. Nielsen (personal communication) has Baker, J. B. and B. G. Blackmon. 1977. Biomass recorded adult s emerging from rearing cages in and nutrient accumulation in a cot tonwood Ingham County , Michigan as early as June 1st. plantation-the first growing season. In the Mississippi River Delta, poplar tent­ Soil Sci. Soc. of Am. Jour. 41:632-636. maker adults emerge in April, and the first Baker, W. L. 1972. Eastern Forest Insects. generation begins by late April (F. L. USDA Forest Service, Misc. Publ. 1175. 642 Oliveria, unpubl ished data). It is not known pp. when emergence occurs and the first generation Ives, W. G. H. 1981. Environmental factors begins in southern Lowe r Michigan. affecting 21 forest insect defoliators in The summer of 1983 was 2 percent warmer and Manitoba and Saskatchewan, 1945-69. 45 percent drier than normal. Hot, dry weather Environ. Can., For. Serv., North. For. Res. was prevalent in t he Mississippi River Delta Cent. Edmonton, . Inf. Rep. during the 1977-78 outbreaks (J. Smith, per­ NOR-X-233. sonal communication). A hot, dry summer is Michigan Department of Agriculture. 1971. favorable for many northern lepidoterous defo­ Climate of Michigan by stations. 2nd ed. liators, since it l eads to shorter life cycles Lansin~, Michi~an. for the larvae and thus less exposure to para­ (continued next page) 9 PTM (from page 9) Moore, S. 1955. An annotated list of the moths Moth Book of Michigan exclusive of Tineoidea (Lepidoptera) . Museum of Zool., Univ. of The long awaited Peterson "Field Guide to Michigan Misc. Publ. No. 88. Moths of Eastern North America" is now being Oliveria, F. L. 1978. Poplar tentmaker, a published and SHOULD be available soon in local serious pest of cottonwood plantations in bookstores. So why not ask your friendly 1977. J. Miss. Acad. Sci. Vol. XXIII. bookstore owner when the Guide can be expected (Abstract) . on the counter! Paperback will cost $13.95, Rowe, J. W. and A. H. Conner. 1979. hardbound will be $18.95. This should be a Extractives in eastern hardwoods-a review. very popular book with collectors for both the USDA For. Prod. Lab. Madison, WI. Gen. Tech. amateur and the serious lepidopterist! Rep. FPL 18. 67 pp. Solomon, J. D. and J. R. Cook. 19:8. Epidemic 1977 - year of the hardwood lep1dopterous Butterfly Book defoliators. J. Miss. Acad. Sci. 23:1. Steel, R. G. D. and J. H. Torrie. 1?60: Principles and Procedures of Stat1st1CS. Here is a butterfly book like no other; a McGraw-Hill Book Co. 481 pp. stunningly illustrated natural history in the Stein, C. R. and F. L. Oliveria. 1979. Status grand tradition, and the first butterfly book of poplar tentmaker in the lower Mississippi ever to emphasize the butterfly as a living River Delta. USDA Forest Service, Forest organism rather than a specimen. Insect and Disease Management Report 79-2-7. BUTTERFLIES EAST OF THE GREAT PLAINS provides Witter, J. A. and L. A. Waisanen. 1978. The detailed descriptions of more than 250 species effect of differential flushing times among of butterfly. Enhancing these are 324 trembling aspen clones on tortricid cater­ remarkable full-color photographs-­ pillar populations. Environ. Entomol. extraordinary illustrations, not of chilled 7:139-143. specimens, but of butterflies alive and in Witter, J. A. and H. M. Kulman. 1979. The their natural habitats. The photographs convey parasite complex of the forest tent cater­ all the fascination and beauty of the orga­ pillar in northern Minnesota. Environ. nisms, and document the seasonal and sexual Entomol. 8;723-731. variations of many individual species. In addition, the book contains some twenty black­ and-white photographs and line drawings, and more than 250 distribution maps, the first ever prepared for many species. At the heart of Opler and Krizek's achieve­ ment lie the comprehensive accounts of the but­ Forest Entomology, Ecology and Mangement, By terflies of the thirty-one states east of the Robert N. Coulson and John A. Witter. Great Plains . A clearly wr itten entry for each Here is a wide-ranging introduction to species details its physical characteristics, insects occurring in forest ecosystems, in range , reproduction, host plants, and nomencla­ urban forests, and in specialized for estry set­ ture ( including the derivation of scientific tings such as seed orchards, Christma s tree names). These detailed species descriptions plantations, and forest nurseries . It offers (many of which contain previ ous l y unpublished you a completely authoritative view of the sub­ information) are prefaced by a general intro­ jects, and includes an extens ive list of duc tion reviewing the history and techniques of references to entomology, pl ant ecolo$y, animal butterfly study as well as broad aspects of ecology, forestry, economics , and eng1neering. butterfly structure, distribution, behavior, Included in the work are an overview of the habitat, host specificity, flower visitation, scope of entomology, insect structure and func­ and seasonal adaptations. A complete tion, classification of i nsects, and f orest bibliography and indexes follow the text. insect damage categories. Also presented is In BUTTERFLIES EAST OF THE GREAT PLAINS Paul the first comprehensive treatment of the prin­ Opler and George Krizek have created the first ciples of Integrated Pest Managemen t (IPM) of comprehensive book on the butterflies of the forest insects, covering populat ion dynamics of eastern United States to appear in more t han forest insects and forest t rees, treatment three decades. It is a book that is unparalled strategies, impact assessmen t, monitoring pest in its attention to the behavior, population populations, and forest s t ands . In addition, structure, and ecologi cal associations of but­ this volume provides you wi t h a detailed survey terflies and a work that is certain to stand of classical forest insect f eed ing groups, for years to come as the premier reference on including defoliators; sapsucking insects; ter­ the sub ject f or scientists and collectors minal, shoot twig and root insects; seed and alike. 360 pages, 324 color photographs; 49 cone insects; phloem feeding insects; wood black-and-white tabl es and illustrations, boring insects; gall forming insects; and $49.50 . insects affecting recreational use of forests. Send check or money order with $1.50 extra 670 pp. (1984), $37.50. to cover postage and handling to: The Johns Order item no. 1-02573-9 from John Wiley Hopkins Univers ity Press, Baltimore, Maryland, and Sons Inc., Dept. 1093, Somerset, NJ 08893 21218. 10 Michigan Lepidoptera - 1984 16. Brephos infans, brephoides: r .collected while sunning on sand Despite a slow start and hot and dry weather ~_ !d 1otlts "(. j tiaih ~April, Otsego Co. (JB,MN). during most of the summer, the 1984 season for • ~; ~<.~ 'lJ rr -­ collecting lepidoptera was still productive and '" :CoJt~,~c:!W'8" cited: Jim Bess UB), Glenn contained a few surprises. Several collectors Berye: ~ ':::- 'n:;B-), Dave Gosling (DG), Ted·Herig reported good results with butterflies and (TH), Wayne Miller (WM), "Mo" Nielsen (MN), moths-from the Upper Peninsula all the way John Perona (JP), Bill Westrate (WW). south to Berrien and Monroe counties. Here are a few of the highlights: 1. Pyrgus centaureae wyandot: An adult adult P 1 2 3 on 12 May, Montcalm Co. (TH), and several h larvae on wild strawberry on 7-10 August, o Otsego Co. (MN); 2. Battus philenor: Several full grown larvae t feeding on Aristolochia ser}entaria on 25 o Augu s t. Lenaee Co. (TH,MN; 4 5 6 3. Lycaei des argyrognomon nabokovi: Males, C one fema le, emerging on 24-25 June, Alger a Co. ( MN), and one worn female at Ives p Lake/25 June, Marque tte Co. (New Co. r ecord-DG) ; t 8 9 4. Incisalia eryphon : One on 24 May, in bog I near St. Ignace, Mackinac Co. (TR); o 7 5. Boloria freija spp.: Singles collected in n Channing Bog, 25-26 May, Di ckinson Co. s 10 1 1 (TH,MN) ; 6. Hyalophora columbia: Live cocoons found on tamarack in Clare, Dickinson and Isabella Page 6. L. to R.I. Guest Speaker, counties (latter new Co. record-TH); Austin Platt; 2. Entrance to Confer­ 7. Hemileuca nevadensis: Egg rings on ence Center; 3. Ray Drapek; 4. Glenn , 30 March, and adult larvae on 25 Belyea, Lou Wilson; 5. Activity Cor­ June, in large marsh west of Houghton Lake, ner; 6_ Pat Michalek; 7. Joyce Ver­ Roscommon Co. (TR,MN); rett; 8. Registration; 9. Gary Dunn; S. Ceratomia hageni: Four adults at MV/UV 10. Henry Townes, Marjorie Townes; 11. lights, S August-2 Sept., Cass Co. (MN, Mark O'Brien. WW)-A new State record; 9. Hyles (Celerio) gallii: Adults taken at UV in Clinton (TH), Houghton (JP), Otsego (MN) P 1 2 3 Co's, and numerous larvae feeding on h Epilobium angustifolium, near Paradise, Chippewa Co. (TH,MN); o 10. Exyra rolandiana: Reared from larvae t feeding inside Pitcher-plant leaves on 7 o April, Otsego Co. UB, MN); 4 5 6 11. Papaipema speciosissima : Adults reared C from ova on artific ial diet a (Bio-Sev-southwestern corn borer mix ), from p Clinton Co. (MN); 12. Papaipema silphii, immanis : t 7 8 9 Larvae found in r oots of tere­ I binthinaceum, Jackson Co. (new county o record-JB, MN); n 13. Parapema buffaloensis: Larvae found 10 1 1 12 boring into Saururus cernuus, 21 July-IS s August, in Grand Mere Dunes area, Berrien Co. (MN); Page 7. L. to R.I. Ray Drapek, 14. dejecta: Adult collected on Frank Sapio; 2. Conference Building; shagbark hickory, 1 August, Kalamazoo Co. 3. Dick Fleming; 4. John Ball; 5. (WM) ; Austin Platt and friends; 6. Ron 15. Catocala semirelicta: Adults collected at Merchant; 7. Mo Nielsen; 8. Roland bait and in bait t raps, 3-10 August, Fischer, Joyce Verrett, Lincoln Cheboygan (GB ) , Otsego (MN) Co's., and Mo ore , Henry Townes, Marjorie Townes, adult reared f rom ova on Populus tacamahaca 9. Ruth Ryan; 10. Gary Simmons; 11. (MN) View; 12. Robert Husband. M. C. Nielsen 1 1 3: MICHIGAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY C":) :::c Membership Application C':) :J» ::> CI ® co I ' 2: Please enrol I me as a member of the Michigan Entomo­ ::a ~ I'T'I . r"'T'1 logical Society, in the classification checked below . U> /II V> >~O 2: o Student Member (i nc Iud i ng those current I y enro II ed ~ _ 111 --t as col lege sophomores)--annual dues $4.00 CO") 0" c:::> 0 rJ:> Active Member--annual dues $8,00 ::a >_::0 o :::a ZCl-i 3: [/l>~ o Institutional Member (organizations, libraries, I'T'I _ Z /II c:::> CO") r­ etc.)--annual dues $15.00 -4 z[/lZ .Gl -l -i c:::> 0 o Sustaining Member--annual contribution $25.00 or :z: ~~O C':) more. l11 ri "I11 C":) :::a J:C • [NOTE: Membership is on a calendar year basis (Jan. :tIoc: ....x I'T'I _ZZ ::> C I-Dec. 31). Memberships accepted before July I shal I be­ ?2'::l!::r. c: ~ l>::O O c:r.) ,..,-4 (l)!!)r c:::> later date shall begin the following January I unless the "(T'n (l) -l O :;U::O-t ~ CI ", -< Gl C":) earl ier date is requested and the required dues are paid.] CT"UI .,too w -< I enclose $ (cash, check, or money order) O .... tlc:JC r"'T'1 :U----I.N --t as dues for the calendar year(s) , appropri­ "«coo -< ate for the class of membership checked above. (Please ::tiN Q~...... \O make remittance payable to Michigan Entomological Society). i C:: fTJ NAME (please print) (/JZO ADDRESS ------­ "t ..... \ 1\ ..... 1'.1 0 ZIP ("')0 0 Please~------77~~~~~--~------~ provide the information requested below,~------so - "IC'l 0 that it may be included in our directory of members • ... MY SPECIFIC INTERESTS ARE (orders, fami I ies, genera, geo­ - graphical area)______.t­ o • Publ ications: THE GREAT LAKES ENTOMOLOGIST, a ", journal deal ing with al I aspects of entomology with em­ phasis in the Great Lakes Region, and a quarterly NEWS­ LETTER. Persons requesting student membership must furnish proof of their student status. Student members cannot vote nor hold office in society affairs. The Michigan Entomological Society, a non-profit or­ ai~ ;: ; ganization, derives its sole support from membership dues, !!: ::1:1 -4 J».~31 contributions, and bequests, al I of which are deductible for income tax purposes. =:"'IIC~§:-=-4 ~ MAIL TO: Michigan Entomological Society, Department .... ,. "'SD of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824.