First Flush 2008 Monitoring Report

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Monterey Bay Sanctuary Citizen Watershed Monitoring Network 299 Foam Street Monterey, CA 93940 Bus. (831) 647-4227 Fax (831) 647-4250

Prepared by: Lisa Emanuelson, Volunteer Monitoring Coordinator Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary

Acknowledgements Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary, Santa Cruz County Dept. of Environmental Health, San Mateo County Department of Environmental Health, San Mateo County RCD, Cities of: Santa Cruz, Capitola, Monterey, and Pacific Grove; Coastal Watershed Council, Monterey Bay Sanctuary Foundation, Monterey Regional Stormwater Management Program, Monterey Regional Water Pollution Control Agency, Sewer Authority Mid-Coastside, Stormwater Education Alliance

2 Introduction

Pollutants are common in the environment due to our everyday activities, be it driving to work, gardening, walking the dog or making improvements to the exterior of our houses. During the dry weather months in the Monterey Bay area pollutants collect on our roadways, sidewalks, in our yards, parks and beaches. Once the winter rain begins to fall these pollutants are swept along with rain water into nearby creeks, storms drains and eventually into the ocean. The first rain storms pick up a whole summer’s worth of pollutants that if measured can give an indication of pollution sources and pollution loads going into the ocean. The Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary (MBNMS), the Coastal Watershed Council (CWC) and the San Mateo Resource Conservation District (SMRCD) teamed up with volunteers to monitor dry weather flows and the water flowing into the ocean from the first major rain storm in two events called the Dry Run and First Flush.

Volunteer programs monitoring water quality have become a useful tool for local jurisdictions to meet their Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) National Pollution Discharge and Elimination System (NPDES) permit requirements. Volunteers assist municipalities thereby increasing manpower and monitoring abilities especially during discreet and time sensitive events such as the first rains of a winter storm season. Since 2000 the First Flush program has utilized volunteers from San Mateo, Santa Cruz and Monterey Counties to collect water samples and conduct water quality assessments during the first significant rain event of the season. Volunteers are trained to perform basic field water quality sampling tests: water temperature, pH, electrical conductivity, and transparency measurements; as well as how to collect water samples for lab analysis of nutrients (nitrate, orthophosphate, urea), bacteria (Eschericia coli and enterococcus), metals (copper, lead and zinc), hardness, and total suspended solids.

Programs such as the Dry Run and First Flush are important for their monitoring data, but also educate, inspire and create environmental stewards. Without volunteers these programs would not happen to the extent that they do or with the impact that they have.

Methods Prior to the First Flush, volunteers are trained in monitoring techniques including how to use a conductivity meter, pH strips, transparency tube, thermometers and how to collect water samples for lab analysis. During this training volunteers go out and perform field tests and collect water samples at the same sites used for First Flush, this is the Dry Run. The Dry Run is intended to be a comparison between the dry weather flows and the flows from the first major rainstorm of the season. For many sites Dry Run results can be much higher than those for First Flush since pollutants can become extremely concentrated during dry weather months. Volunteers in San Mateo County received training and collected Dry Run samples on September 13th, volunteers in Santa Cruz County and Monterey County received training and collected Dry Run samples on September 20th, 2008. The same equipment and protocols are used for both the Dry Run and First Flush however, during the Dry Run only one sample is collected as compared to three time series samples for First Flush. All Dry Run results (and San Mateo First Flush samples) are from a single sample while all First Flush results are three time series samples averaged together.

Seven new sites were added to the Dry Run and First Flush in 2008. In Montara, north of Half Moon Bay, new sites for 2008 were: Wienke Way, San Vincente Creek, San Vincente Outfall, West Point, 7th Street, and Vallemar. In Monterey County one new site was added at an outfall discharging into the Pajaro River (see Figure 1).

Figure 1. 2008 Dry Run and First Flush sites 4 Leading up to the First Flush event, the coordinators from the SMRCD, CWC and MBNMS closely monitored the weather, notifying volunteers of approaching storms. When a storm had the potential to generate enough rainfall for First Flush mobilization, the coordinators placed the volunteers on standby until particular criteria were met. Mobilization criteria includes sheeting water on roadways, heavy flow through the storm drain system and conductivity levels less than 1000 micro Siemens (μS) and declining. Since conductivity measures the amount of salts in the water, low conductivity measurements indicate rainfall runoff as opposed to typical dry weather runoff. The First Flush event includes a time series collection of water and field measurements conducted at 30-minute intervals for a total of three sets of data and water samples, usually during the rising limb of the rainfall hydrograph in order to capture the heaviest pollution load and highest concentrations.

Conductivity was measured using either an Oakton EC Tester 3 or 4; water temperature was measured using a spirit bulb or digital thermometer; pH was measured using Macherey-Nagel non-bleeding pH strips. Physical observations such as trash, odor, bubbles, scum, and oil sheen were also recorded on the data sheet. Bottles were filled with sample water for lab analysis for nitrate as nitrogen, orthophosphate as phosphorus, E. coli, enterococcus, total coliform, total zinc, total copper, total lead, hardness and total suspended solids (TSS). Additionally, the first time series sample was analyzed for urea at each site.

Lab results are compared to receiving water standards. These standards target ambient concentrations for a stream, lake, or ocean—they are not meant for end-of-pipe applications like this, but lacking any other standard, they provide some means of comparison for the results. Metal results were compared to the Central Coast Basin Plan Water Quality Objectives (WQO) for the protection of marine aquatic life. Nitrate, orthophosphate, and total suspended solids (TSS) results were compared with the Central Coast Ambient Monitoring Program’s (CCAMP) attention levels (see Table 1). These attention levels are set for receiving water concentrations at which pollutants may impact cold-water fish or human health. Both the Basin Plan water quality objectives and CCAMP attention levels are established for receiving waters and NOT for end of pipe discharges. Dilution and/or mixing usually occur in the receiving waters within a short distance of each outfall. For all analytes Minimum Detection Limits (MDL) are noted. The MDL is the minimum concentration that a lab instrument can detect for a given analyte. For sites that have a non-detect listed, it is placed on the graph at zero, however the value is not zero but instead somewhere between zero and the MDL.

Results/Discussion Dry Run samples were collected in San Mateo on September 13th, and all other sites on September 20th. All sites were visited for the Dry Run but only 18 of the 36 sites had enough water flow to be sampled. They include: Montara - Vallemar St. Santa Cruz - Bay Street, Arroyo Seco, Merced and Woodrow Capitola - Monterey Avenue Seaside - Hotel Monterey - Library, Twins, San Carlos Beach, Steinbeck and HopkinsMon* Pacific Grove – HopkinsMon*, Greenwood Park, Lover’s Point, Pico, Asilomar and Congress Carmel - 8th Avenue * HopkinsMon is listed for both Monterey and Pacific Grove as the drainages originate in both cities.

The First Flush occurred on October 3rd, 2008 in San Mateo and Santa Cruz counties. However rainfall amounts in Monterey County were not sufficient to mobilize. Another storm system moved through on November 1st, 2008, when Monterey county teams mobilized and were able to conduct the First Flush monitoring. Because of some safety and logistical complications three sites were not monitored that night. They included Bay Street in Seaside, 15th Street in Pacific Grove and 4th Avenue in Carmel. The Bay Street and 4th Avenue sites were monitored during the next rain event on November 26th however the Pacific Grove site (15th Street) was still not accessible due to construction activities and so was not monitored at all.

Table 1: Water Quality Objectives (not listed is Urea) Parameter (reporting units) Water Quality Objectives Source of Objective pH Not lower than 6.5 or General Basin Plan greater than 8.5 Objective Water Temperature (°C) Not more than 22 Basin Plan Objective for Cold Water Fish Transparency (cm) Not less than 25 Central Coast Ambient Monitoring Program (CCAMP) Nitrate as N (ppm) Not to exceed 2.25 Central Coast Ambient Monitoring Program (CCAMP) Orthophosphate as P Not to exceed 0.12 Central Coast Ambient (ppm) Monitoring Program (CCAMP) E. coli (MPN/100ml) Not to exceed 400 EPA Ambient Water Quality Criteria Enterococcus Not to exceed 104 EPA Ambient Water (MPN/100ml) Quality Criteria Zinc (ppb) Not to exceed 200 Basin Plan Objective Copper (ppb) Not to exceed 30 Basin Plan Objective Lead (ppb) Not to exceed 30 Basin Plan Objective Total Suspended Solids Not to exceed 500 Basin Plan Objective (TSS) (ppm)

Table 2: Range of results for Dry Run and First Flush 2008:

Parameter Dry Run 2008 First Flush 2008 Conductivity 140- 1790 µS 300- 1790 µS Transparency 15.8-125 cm 2-24 cm * Water temperature 15-20 o C 14-20 o C pH 6.5- 7.5 6.0 – 7.5 Urea 10-173 µg/L 10-1015 µg/L Nitrate as N 0.10-4.90 mg-N/L 0.05 – 3.4 mg-N/L Orthophosphate as P 0.20- 3.1 mg-P/L 0.20 –4.8 mg-P/L Total Copper 2-189 µg/L 10-440 µg/L Total Zinc 10- 110 µg/L 10-463 µg/L Total Lead 5- 6 µg/L 5-63 µg/L Total Suspended Solids (TSS) 1.9- 54 mg/L 7.8–726 mg/L Escherichia coli (E. coli) <20- >/=48,400 MPN/100ml 10->/= 241,960 MPN/100ml Enterococcus <20- >48,400 MPN/100ml 10- >/= 241,960 MPN/ 100ml  Bay Street (Seaside), 4th Street (Carmel) and Pajaro (Monterey County) were monitored during daylight hours enabling transparency to be measured.

Nutrients Although nitrate and phosphate are needed for plant growth, they are not normally found in elevated concentrations in aquatic systems. Nitrate as with other nutrients can lead to algal blooms that consequently degrade water quality as those plants die off and consume oxygen in their decomposition. Nitrate sources include runoff from fertilized lawns, agricultural and pasture lands, construction sites and septic/sewer system leachate. The CCAMP attention level for nitrate as N (NO3-N) is 2.25 mg-N/L. The minimum detection limit (MDL) is 0.1 mg-N/L.

For the Dry Run, four (23%) of the eighteen sites monitored were above the attention level for nitrate. The highest result was in Pacific Grove (Lover’s Pt) with a value of 4.9 mg-N/L (Fig. 2). Three sites in Santa Cruz (Merced, Bay and Woodrow) and one in Montara (Vallemar) had uncharacteristically high concentrations for the Dry Run. Two sites had non-detects, one in Santa Cruz (Arroyo Seco) and one in Carmel by the Sea (8th Avenue).

During First Flush, two (6%) of the thirty-six monitored sites were above the attention level for nitrate. The highest concentrations were in Monterey County (Pajaro) with a time series average of 2.90 mg-N/L and in Pacific Grove (Forest) with a time series average of 2.5 mg-N/L (Fig. 2). Sites with non-detects were spread across the region from Montara (7th Street, Vallemar, Wienke Way, San Vicnete Outfall and West Pointe), Capitola (Capitola Pier, Auto Plaza, Capitola Center, Monterey Avenue), to Seaside (Hotel). As in previous First Flush events, nitrate concentrations were typically below the attention level.

Nitrate-N 6

2000-2007 FF Average 5 FF 2008 DR 2008 Action Level 2.25 ppm 4

0 l t t . t . . y y d n) a ro y s k G al in o fal ee St a e ow o z ter a ilb do ary 1's c P r c ve oin tr r Bay r nuen a 5 rlo Mon ta 15th res ressPi Ave Wa ut P erc Seco e H Hotel br s ent o A ission e ranada od o ckt Paj Bay St Li in Ca ins 8th St un GrandF ng th Ave. O h S ma M o o Av Ce k C 4 an 8th M nk te t lle y a Eldor Tw n kin Fo Asilomar ie 7 G W uto Pla Steinbe p op Lover'sCo Pt ce en West El f Moon B (St A itol Sa H O W ic Va Arroy e Capitola pPier Ho V Hal ridg Ca an Montere S e B g illa Sites V itola ap Figure 2. ResultsC for Nitrate-N for the 2008 Dry Run and time series averages for First Flush. Sites grouped by city from north to south- Montara, Santa Cruz, Capitola, Pajaro (Monterey County), Seaside, Monterey, Pacific Grove and Carmel.

7 Phosphate, like nitrate, is also necessary for plant growth. As with nitrate, phosphate can lead to degradation of water as plants grow uncontrolled, complete their life cycle, and decompose, taking up oxygen in the process. Sources of phosphate are similar to those for nitrate: leaks in sewer or septic systems, excess fertilizers from urban or agricultural areas, and detergents. The CCAMP attention level for orthophosphate (PO4-P) is 0.12 mg-P/L. Unfortunately for the Dry Run and First Flush 2008, the MDL for orthophosphate was mistakenly increased by the lab to 0.2 mg-P/L, which is above the attention level. This discrepancy has been corrected for future events however for 2008 when assessing the results of this event this discrepancy must be considered.

For the Dry Run, six (33%) of the eighteen sites monitored were at or above the MDL of 0.2 mg-P/L. The two highest values were Hotel (Seaside) with a concentration of 0.6 mg-P/L and Steinbeck Plaza (Monterey) with a result of 3.1 mg-P/L (Fig. 3). Non-detects were reported for twelve (66%) sites: Santa Cruz (Merced, Bay, Woodrow, Arroyo Seco), Capitola (Monterey), Monterey (Library, San Carlos Beach), Pacific Grove (Lover’s Point, Pico, Congress, and HopkinsPG) and Carmel (8th Avenue).

During First Flush, twenty-three (64%) sites monitored were at or above the MDL for orthophosphate. Steinbeck (Monterey) had the highest average time series concentration for orthophosphate (3.77 mg-P/L) (Fig. 3). The Forest Avenue site (Pacific Grove) was next with an average time series concentration of 2.57 mg-P/L. All of the northern sites reported non-detects during the First Flush. As in previous years, all of the Monterey County sites exceeded the MDL and therefore the attention level.

Orthophosphate-P

4.00 2000-2007 FF Average 3.50 FF 2008 DR 2008 Action Level 0.12 ppm 3.00

2.50

2.00

1.50

1.00

0.50

0.00

t. e n d t ay w do 1's on St oint Bay nu ilby y St eck 5th s P ve. W utfall Bay laza H Hotel 5 arlos ntralntai 1 ' Pico sion t P Street erced Seco ibrary 8th GranForest O ranadaon M oodroo ockton) Pajaro Ba L C inb nsMkinsPG Ce an A8th Ave th emarG S t to P p Fou over Asilomar 4th Ave. Mis 7 W y Ave Eldora Twin Ste L Congress Wes all El Au San Ho Oce Wienkeicente V Arroy Capitolatere Pier Hopki Half Mo ridge (S Capitola Center n V B Mon Sa Sites

apitola Village Figure 3. ResultsC for Orthophosphate-P for the 2008 Dry Run and time series averages for First Flush. Sites groups by city from north to south- Montara, Santa Cruz, Capitola, Pajaro (Monterey County), Seaside, Monterey, Pacific Grove and Carmel.

8 Urea Urea is an organic compound that is soluble in water; therefore it is an excellent fertilizer and is often used for agricultural applications. Some research shows that excess urea can cause toxic algal blooms in the ocean. There are many sources of urea including fire retardants, cigarettes, fertilizers, animal feeds, detergents, and mammalian urine. This was the third year that urea was analyzed for this program. While there is no water quality objective for urea, values are noted and compared to previous year’s results in order to monitor trends.

For the Dry Run, the highest urea result was in Monterey (Hopkins) with a concentration of 173 µg/L and in Pacific Grove (Greenwood Park) with a concentration of 84 µg/L (Fig. 4). Non-detects were noted for one site in Montara (Vallemar), three sites in Santa Cruz (Merced, Bay St. and Woodrow) and one site in Carmel by the Sea (8th Avenue).

During First Flush, urea was only measured during the first time series. Pacific Grove (Forest Avenue) had the highest result of 1015 µg/L. The Hotel site in Seaside was the only outfall to report a non-detect (Fig. 4).

Urea

4000 2006-2007 FF Average FF 2008 3500 DR 2008

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500

y a y d y w o ) e o y y 's k n t s e e int d e n r St te r 1 os S s ve v v on a c Ba ro ec to ja ilb y o ra 5 rl ec PG e A A A i Wa n r k H a a b s th r Pico a od S c Hl orado in 8 g ilomar th n th Street o la Pier Pa B d Lib insMok Centralountain GrandForest n a th Me y to o Avenu l p ver's Pt 4 8 Miss 7 Gr Wo o S y E Twinan C pk F o Co As ce West Po Moon Ba rr ( Auto Plaza Stein o L O VallemarEl St.f e S Ho Wienke A g Capittere H Hal d ri Capitola Center Fountain & 15th B Mon San Vicente Outfall e g la Sites Vil la o it p Ca Figure 4. Urea results for the 2008 Dry Run and time series averages for First Flush. All sites grouped by city from north to south- Montara, Santa Cruz, Capitola, Pajaro (Monterey County), Seaside, Monterey, Pacific Grove and Carmel.

Bacteria Escherichia coli (E. coli) and enterococcus are two forms of indicator bacteria. E. coli and enterococcus are found in the intestines of warm blooded animals and can make their way into waterways and the ocean from wildlife populations, through improper domestic animal waste disposal, as well as sewer or septic system leakages. While these bacteria don’t necessarily cause disease in humans, their presence does indicate the potential for other human specific pathogens to be present. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency water quality criterion for grab samples for E. coli is 400 MPN/100 ml and for enterrococcus, 104 MPN/100 ml. The PQL for both E.coli and enterococcus is 20 MPN/100ml.

For the Dry Run thirteen (72%) of the eighteen sites monitored were above the WQO for E. coli of 400 MPN/100 ml. The highest average E. coli result was 48,400 MPN/100 ml both in Santa Cruz (Arroyo Seco) and in Monterey (Steinbeck Plaza) (Fig. 5). For enterococcus, seventeen (94%) of the eighteen sites were above the WQO of 104 MPN/100 ml. The highest average enterococcus result was 48,400 MPN/ 100 ml in Monterey (Steinbeck Plaza) (Fig. 6).

During the First Flush both types of bacteria were high in all cities and at most sites; thirty-four (94%) of the thirty six sites monitored were above the WQO for E.coli and thirty five (97%) of the thirty six sites were above the attention level for enterococcus. The highest average results for E.coli were 204,626 MPN/100 ml in Pacific Grove (Pico) and 168,490 MPN/100 ml in Santa Cruz (Woodrow). The highest average results for enterococcus were 193,983 MPN/100 ml in Monterey (Steinbeck) and 190,186 MPN/ 100 ml in Pacific Grove (Grand). Lowest E.coli and enterococcus results for the First Flush were in Montara (San Vicente Outfall) with results (10 MPN/ 100 ml) well below the WQO (Fig. 5 and 6).

10 E. coli

250000

2000-2007 FF Average FF 2008 DR 2008 200000 Action Level 400 MPN/ 100 ml

150000

100000

50000

o o t y s t h s o r ay nt ier S ral Pt ve on oi reet Bay Bay ec on) P ar ilby 51' and ests es A ar St. S laza enter H Hotel Mon 15t Pic t P St P Paj Bay in inbeck nsPG8th Sent Gr For er' iloma h m Merced oodrow o C ldoradoLibrar e ns C s 4th Ave 8t Missi h oon tockt a E pki Fountain ongr A 7t M W royo S Tw an CarlosSt o Lov C ente WesOutfall alleEl Granadaf r Aut apitola tol S H Ocean Ave Wienkec W V A C Hopki al api H C Bridge ( Monterey Avenue San Vi age Sites Vill

Capitola Figure 5. E.coli results for the 2008 Dry Run and time series averages for First Flush. All sites grouped by city from north to south- Montara, Santa Cruz, Capitola, Pajaro (Monterey County), Seaside, Monterey, Pacific Grove and Carmel.

Enterococcus

250000 2006-2007 FF average FF 2008 DR 2008 200000 Action Level 104 MPN/ 100 ml

150000

100000

50000

l t t. a d a e r y l n n d e al n et S e n) ro St ral ss e. e. on re y Strow to az a ilb y rary t Wayutf t r nad a d l enu H a 51's Mo th St ntai 15th Pico si e t PoiS n Bay erc ck P la Pierv Hote oradoib n s insPG8 u GranForest gre ilomar n Av is O s ra o M B A Paj B d L in Cen th Av 8th AvM th lema to ito la Cente El Fo As 4 ea enknte 7 l G Woo u Twi Steinbeckpk Lover'sCon Pt c e We E lf Mo A San Carlos o Hopk O Wi Val a Arroyo Secoe (Sto Captereypito H dg n a Vic H ri C B Mo San ge illa Sites V a tol pi a C Figure 6. Results for enterococcus for the 2008 Dry Run and time series averages for First Flush. All sites grouped by city from north to south- Montara, Santa Cruz, Capitola, Pajaro (Monterey County), Seaside, Monterey, Pacific Grove and Carmel.

Metals Storm water runoff in coastal urban areas is known to contain trace metals from common sources such as automobile brake pads, industrial waste, and metal roofs or downspouts. The effect of these metals in very low concentrations in the marine environment includes reduced reproduction, developmental deformities, and mortality. For the Dry Run and First Flush, samples were analyzed for total zinc (Zn), total copper (Cu), and total lead (Pb).

Zinc The background concentration for zinc (Zn) in seawater on the Central Coast is 8.0 micrograms per liter (µg/L); the Basin Plan WQO for Zn is <200 µg/L; and the MDL for zinc is 10 mg/L.

For the Dry Run, zinc concentrations were below the WQO of 200 µg/L for all sites (Fig. 7). The highest concentrations were found at Steinbeck Plaza and HopkinsMon both in Monterey.

For First Flush, fourteen (39%) of the thirty-six sites exceeded the WQO for zinc. The highest average zinc concentration was 400 µg/L in Santa Cruz (Merced), and a close second was 396 µg/L in Capitola (Capitola Center). Seaside (Hotel) had the lowest average concentration and neither Seaside site exceeded the WQO for zinc (Fig. 7).

Zinc

600 2000-2007 FF Average FF 2008 500 DR 2008 Action Level 200 ppb

400

300

200

100

0 t . l y ll nt e t y w o ry 's s k n G a in h d st e. e. e n a fa i ay a o ter St d c o tr 5t Pt ico v v v io r S B B n y ra 51 rlo e M P ta 1 an re P W ut tre a nada dr e Hilby Hotel ra b a b n r o gre lomar A A h A ss O S a o Pajaro Ba o in ns ins 8th Sten u G F er's n n t i m Merced o o Seco C ld Li C ein k C v o ss si th 8 M e y y Avenuela E Tw n t ki Fo A 4 ea nt 7th lle Moon W (Stockton) e a S p op Lo C c e West Poa El Grf Auto Plaza to S o H O Wienke V Arro e pi H ic al g Capitolaa Pier V H rid onterC n B M Sa e g Sites

itola Villa Figure 7. Timeap series averages for all sites for total zinc. All sites grouped by city from north to south- Montara, Santa Cruz, Capitola, Pajaro (Monterey County), Seaside, Monterey, Pacific Grove and Carmel.

Copper The background concentration for copper (Cu) in seawater is 2.0 µg/L; the Basin Plan WQO established for total Cu is 30 µg/L; the MDL for copper is 2.0 µg/L.

For the Dry Run, copper concentrations were all low with only two (11%) of the eighteen sites monitored above the WQO. The highest copper result was 185 µg/L in Monterey (Steinbeck Plaza). Another Monterey site (HopkinsMon) had a concentration of 54 µg/L(Fig. 8).

During First Flush, thirty-one (86%) of the thirty-six monitored sites exceeded the WQO. The highest copper concentration was in Pacific Grove (Forest) with an average of 408 µg/L. Seaside (Hotel) had the only non-detect. Carmel by the Sea (8th Avenue) had the second highest average copper concentrations with a result of 170 µg/L (Fig. 8).

Copper

450

2000-2007 FF Average 400 FF 2008 DR 2008 350 Action Level 30 ppb

300

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0 l . l l t y o ) a r e r t e t h t e ay fa ay ed a n ie u e ro S t S ral t co ve ve v on t B c B row to n nt ja ilby h t and i A A A i W Point r d Sec laz a H ay Ho sPGt n ntain15 r's P P omar e ck P n 8 e u Gr e l th ss Ou t mar S oo o Ce P B Library ki C o Forest an nk e s e Me yo t to tola PAve p 4th e 8 Mi 7th Streetll W u i y la EldoradoTwin 51's F ov CongressAsi c ie We ro A o Steinbeck L Va El Granada e (S re it San Carlos Ho O W icent alf Moon Ar g Capte p HopkinsMon V H d n a n ri C a B Mo S e g a ill Sites

itola V Cap Figure 8. Total copper results for the 2008 Dry Run and time series averages for First Flush. All sites grouped by city from north to south- Montara, Santa Cruz, Capitola, Pajaro (Monterey County), Seaside, Monterey, Pacific Grove and Carmel.

Lead The Basin Plan WQO for total lead (Pb) is 30 µg/L. The MDL for lead is 5 µg/L.

For the Dry Run, lead concentrations for all sites were below the WQO. Only one site, Monterey (Twins) had any detectable amount of lead (5.0 µg/L) (Fig. 9).

For First Flush, only one site (3%) from the thirty-six monitored exceeded the WQO: Pajaro (Monterey County) with the highest average of any monitored site at 63µg/L. Non-detects were noted in Santa Cruz (Merced, Arroyo Seco), Capitola (Auto Plaza, Capitola Center), Pacific Grove (8th St., Congress, and Hopkins (Pacific Grove)) and Seaside (Hotel) (Fig. 9).

Lead

70 2000-2007 FF Average 60 FF 2008 DR 2008 Action Level 30 ppb 50

0 l t l l a y y a r e y t 's s k s d st s o n fa d a co z ie u lb S 1 o in St a n Pt s ic o t oin B Ba e a P i y 5 rl k h tr a e Ave Ave P ar St.na rced S l H a n 15thr r P si Street n e P la Hotel in nbec p 8t G Fore g is Ou m ra o M o ockton)o o Pajaro B Library Ca i kinsPG Ce n 4th 8th M e est G o y t t it Eldorado w n Ho p Fountain o Asilomar 7th l M Woodrowro u p la Center T a Ste Lover'sC cean Ave W alleE f r A a o S Ho O Wienkeicent Way V A C terey Aven n Hal o Capit Bridge (S M San V e g illa Sites

itola V p a C Figure 9. Total lead results for all sites for 2008 Dry Run and time series averages for First Flush. All sites grouped by city from north to south- Montara, Santa Cruz, Capitola, Pajaro (Monterey County), Seaside, Monterey, Pacific Grove and Carmel.

Total Suspended Solids (TSS) TSS are particulate matter in water that attract charged particles which can often be pesticides and metals. TSS can additionally impact the environment through sedimentation and reduction in the ability of marine organisms to respire. Sources of TSS are construction sites with improper sediment control, bank erosion from rivers or streams, runoff from agricultural fields, and over irrigation in urban areas. The attention level for TSS is 500 mg/L, with an MDL of 5 mg/L.

For the Dry Run, all sites were below the WQO (Fig. 10). Sites that had non-detects for TSS were in Santa Cruz (Merced and Bay St.), Monterey (Twins and San Carlos Beach), and Carmel by the Sea (8th Ave.).

For the First Flush, the only site to exceed the attention level of the thirty-six monitored was Pajaro (Monterey County) with an average of 743 mg/L. There were no non-detects (Fig. 10).

Total Suspended Solids

800 2000-2007 FF Average 700 FF 2008 DR 2008 Action Level 500 ppm 600

500

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ll t. d a r e y l o t l t s r . . n a et ay e ay ie u ter ro e d ck G S a th st P s a e S B B row eco n ja ilb rary 51's e P tr e s ve tr rc P en a H ra th n 15 ' re Pico m A sio Way S n e od S v e Hot o nb ins 8 e or g lo h Aveis e Outf o C P Bay St Lib in i C & GrandF er si n t e th emar o M to Plaz A ld te pk n v 4th Avea 8 M 7 ll Wo y la E Tw o Fountain Con A e ienknt West Pointa M Au o S tai Lo c e V El Granadalf re it San Carlos H n O W ic a Arroyo Capitolae p HopkinsMon u H nt o V o Ca F M San Sites

Capitola Village Bridge (Stockton) Figure 10. TSS results for all sites for 2008 Dry Run and time series averages for First Flush. All sites grouped by city from north to south- Montara, Santa Cruz, Capitola, Pajaro (Monterey County), Seaside, Monterey, Pacific Grove and Carmel.

Visual Observations At each site during the First Flush 2008, volunteers recorded the presence of trash, sewage (sited or smelled), oil sheen, and scum. Trash was noted at only two sites (6%)- Auto Plaza (Capitola) and Pajaro (Monterey County). Observations of bubbles were noted at 9 sites (26%)- Wienke Way (Montara), Merced (Santa Cruz), Woodrow (Santa Cruz), Auto Plaza (Capitola), Eldorado (Monterey), San Carlos (Monterey), Library (Monterey), Congress (Pacific Grove), and 8th Avenue (Carmel). Smell was noted for two sites (6%) - Capitola Center (Capitola) and Pajaro (Monterey County).

Conclusion For the past nine years, the Dry Run and First Flush has provided central California coastal area residents and municipalities with valuable information about the quality of water running from the storm drains to the ocean. Results from the 2008 events show that:

 Nitrate concentrations were higher during the Dry Run in Santa Cruz County and lower during the First Flush compared to cities in Monterey County. The two highest sites for nitrate during the First Flush were Pajaro (Monterey County) and Forest (Pacific Grove). This was the first year the Pajaro site was monitored for First Flush and may warrant further upstream source tracking during wet weather events.  Steinbeck Plaza orthophosphate results were the same in the dry weather as during the FF with concentrations thirty times higher than the CCAMP attention level. Capitola Center went from a historical average orthophosphate concentration of greater than 3.5 mg-P/L to non-detect this year.  Forest Avenue in Pacific Grove had the highest urea level of all the sites. The First Flush result was 1015 µg/L. Hopkins Monterey and Steinbeck Plaza urea concentrations dropped significantly from historical First Flush averages.  During the Dry Run; zinc and copper concentrations were the highest of all sites at Steinbeck Plaza and Hopkins which are located less than a mile from each other along Cannery Row in Monterey. Source tracking is underway. During the First Flush, copper concentrations were similar to previous years, with one exception at Forest (Pacific Grove) which had copper concentrations well above any other site and over 13 times higher than the WQO. Carmel by the Sea had the highest average copper concentrations of any city.  Lead concentrations were particularly low and did not exceed the WQO at any site monitored except Pajaro (Monterey County).  During First Flush, E. coli and enterococcus were high everywhere as in previous years. Ninety-four percent of the sites exceeded the enterococcus WQO during the Dry Run. Steinbeck Plaza’s E.coli and enterococcus levels were over 120 times the WQO during the Dry Run. A thorough upstream source tracking of bacteria is currently under way to locate sources in this urban drainage.

Eight new sites were added to the Dry Run and First Flush in San Mateo and Monterey counties. The San Mateo sites drain small residential communities and the results reflect low concentrations of pollutants. Nitrate was detected during the Dry Run at the one site flowing. Metals and E.coli were detected during the First Flush, some exceeding the WQOs. The other new site was in Pajaro, which exceeded all of the WQO for all of the analytes during the First Flush. This site warrants further investigation during wet weather. It has been dry every time it was visited in the dry season (3 times).

The addition of new sites is valuable for broadening the baseline of Dry Run and First Flush data. While First Flush data is by design, limited in scope, the information obtained can point out problem sites and watersheds needing more attention to address water quality problems. A watershed-based focus may be the best method for determining pollution sources and reducing impacts to the local environment and the Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary. Further study is warranted to determine the impact of pollutants on organisms inhabiting the intertidal, where many of these pollutants end up.

Appendix I. Results by City from North to South

17 4

3.5 Montara NO3-N Attention Level 2.25 mg/L The Dry Run in Montara was conducted on September 3 PO4-P Attention Level 0.12 mg/L th 2.5 13 , 2008. Only one site (Vallemar Street) had flow 2 and was sampled. 1.5 mg/L or ppm 1 Dry Run results from the lab analysis showed: 0.5 0  Exceedance of nitrate WQO (3.7 mg-N/L) (Fig. 11). Weinke Way San Vincente West Point 7th St. Vallemar St.- Dry Vallemar St. Outfall Run  Exceedance of orthophosphate WQO (0.2 mg-P/L) Figure 11. Nutrient concentrations for the Dry Run and First Flush (Fig. 11). 2008 in Montara, CA  Total suspended solids were below the attention level

(Fig. 12). 500 450 Attention level= 500 mg/L  Urea was not detected (Fig. 13). 400  All results for total copper, total lead, and total zinc, 350 300 were below the WQO (Fig. 14). 250 200

 E.coli concentration (346 MPN/ 100 ml) was below mg/L or ppm 150 the WQO and enterococcus (484 MPN/100mL) was 100 50 above (Fig. 15). 0 Weinke Way San Vincente West Point 7th St. Vallemar St.- Dry Vallemar St. Outfall Run For First Flush 2008, the Montara team mobilized at Figure 12. Total suspended solids (TSS) concentrations for the Dry Run and approximately 11:00 p.m. on Friday evening October First Flush 2008 in Montara, CA 3rd and began sampling at 11:18 p.m. ending with the last sample collected at 11:50 p.m. Due to limited 350 funding only one sample was collected at each of the 300 five sites as opposed to a time series done at all other 250 First Flush sites. 200 150 mg/ L or ppm mg/ L or First flush results from the lab analysis showed: 100  Nitrate was not detected at any site (Fig. 11). 50 0  Orthophosphate was not detected at any site (Fig.11). Weinke Way San Vincente West Point 7th St. Vallemar St.- Dry Vallemar St. Outfall Run  Total suspended solids were all below the attention Figure 13. Urea concentrations for the Dry Run and First Flush 2008 in level (Fig 12). Montara, CA.  Urea had a range of 121 -310 µg/L (Fig. 13).  Copper exceeded the WQO for three (60%) of the 300 five sites, with maximum concentration of 85 µg/L at 250 Cu WQO= 30ppb Zn WQO= 200ppb West Point 200 Pb WQO= 30ppb

(Fig. 14). 150

 Zinc exceeded the WQO in two (40%) of the five mcg/L or ppb 100 sites with a high of 273 µg/L at West Point (Fig. 14).  Lead results did not exceed the WQO at any site (Fig. 50 0 14). Weinke Way San Vincente West Point 7th St. Vallemar St.- Dry Vallemar St. E. coli and enterococcus were measured at four out of Outfall Run  Figure 14. Total metal concentrations of copper, lead and zinc the five sites and were above the WQO for three for the Dry Run and First Flush 2008 in Montara, CA. (75%) of those sites monitored. Only Wienke Way was not monitored for bacteria due to a mishap with 40000 E. coli WQO= 400MPN/100mL 35000 Enterococcus WQO= 104MPN/ the sample. The high for E. coli was 30,760 100mL 30000

MPN/100 ml at Vallemar St., and 34,480 MPN/100 25000

ml for enterococcus at West Point (Fig. 15). 20000

15000 100mL MPN/ 10000 5000 0 Weinke Way San Vincente West Point 7th St. Vallemar St.- Vallemar St. Outfall Dry Run Figure 15. E. coli and enterococcus concentrations for the Dry Run and FF. 18 Santa Cruz The Dry Run was performed on Saturday, September 800 20th 2008 in Santa Cruz at all four of the same sites as 700 Attention Level= 500 mg/L 600 for First Flush. 500

400

300 Dry Run results: ppm or mg/L  Nitrate exceeded the attention level in two (50%) of 200 the four sites monitored with a high at Merced (4.3 100 0

A n A mg-N/L) and Woodrow (4.0 mg-N/L). Arroyo Seco - B C -A B C B C u - B C o Run eet R ow y r ry Run ry Run rced-A y r Sec e St o D Dr y y . M was the only site with a non-detect (Fig. 16). o- D St ow Wood Ba c r Arro od Bay St.-Dr o W  Orthophosphate was not detected in any site (Fig. 16). Merced Arroyo Se  Total suspended solids were below the attention level Fig. 17. Total suspended solids (TSS) concentrations for the Dry Run and at all sites (Fig. 17). First Flush 2008 in Santa Cruz, CA

 Urea was not monitored at Arroyo Seco and was not detected at any other site (Fig. 18). 600 500

 Metals were not above the WQO at any site (Fig. 19). 400

 E.coli was detected at all sampled sites with a high of 300

over 48,400 MPN/100 ml at Arroyo Seco and a low mcg/L or ppb 200 below the WQO at 338 MPN/100 ml at Bay St. 100 Enterococcus was detected at all sampled sites with a 0 -A B C B C n -A B C n A B C t o-A c Ru ed Ru w- ree y c y o Se high of 7,310 MPN/100 ml at Merced (Fig. 20). odr t. Dr Mer w Dr Bay St S ro Wo d d Arroyo o Bay St.-Dry Run rce e Wo M Arroyo Seco- Dry Run For First Flush 2008 Santa Cruz teams mobilized on Figure 18. Urea concentrations for the Dry Run and First Flush 2008 in October 4th at about 12:45 a.m. and began monitoring at Santa Cruz, CA.

1:19 a.m. The last sample was collected at 2:50 a.m. 450 Cu WQO= 30 ppb 400 Zn WQO= 200 ppb Time series results are displayed in the graphs. 350 Pb WQO= 30 ppb 300 250 Results for the First Flush were: 200

 Nitrate and orthophosphate concentrations did not ormcg/L ppb 150 100 exceed attention levels in any time series sample (Fig. 50 0

n A B C n A B C B C n A B C 16). u un R R w- eco- ry ry dro D Dry Ru S o y Street- - o . D Merced-A o a y w Dry Ru  Total suspended solids exceeded the attention level in St.- B St ro W d ay Arro od B rce o yo Seco W rro Me one (8%) of the twelve time series samples (Fig. 17). A  Urea results ranged from 238- 532 µg/L with the Figure 19. Total metal concentrations for copper, lead and zinc for the Dry Run and First Flush 2008 in Santa Cruz, CA highest result at Woodrow (Fig.18).  Woodrow was the only site to exceed all WQOs for 300000 E. coli WQO= 400 MPN/100mL 250000 metals in the first time series (Fig. 19). Enterococcus WQO= 104 MPN/100mL  Each site exceeded the WQO for E. coli and 200000 150000

enterococcus with Woodrow consistently having the MPN/100mL 100000

highest results (Fig. 20). 50000

0 A B C B C n B C A B C - u - 5 t w Run e R ed-A o ry tre c r 4.5 S Seco-A d NO3-N Attention Level= 2.25 ppm y Mer a Woo 4 B d St. Dry PO4 Attention Level= 0.12 ppm Arroyo e Bay St.-D rc 3.5 e Woodrow Dry Run M 3 Arroyo Seco- Dry Run 2.5 Figure 20. E.coli and enterococcus concentrations for the Dry Run and 2 mg/L or ppm mg/L or 1.5 First Flush 2008, Santa Cruz, CA 1 0.5 0

B C A B C n -A B C B C un o- u d un c R e ry R rc ry R drow-A D Se e D - o M o Wo Bay Street-A d St. Dry Seco Arroy e odrow Bay St.-Dry Run o rc o e W M Arroy Figure 16. Nitrate and orthophosphate concentrations for the Dry Run and First Flush 2008 in Santa Cruz, CA

19 400

Capitola 350 Attention Level= 500 mg/L The Dry Run was conducted in Capitola on Saturday, 300 th 250 September 20 , 2008. All sites were visited but only 200 150

the Monterey Avenue site had flowing water and was mg/ L or ppm 100 monitored. 50 0 -A B C B C B C B C a e-A z Run v a A Pier-A Dry Run results: Pl y to tere Au itola Center-A n Capitola ey Ave- Dry Mo  Neither nitrate nor orthophosphate exceeded the Cap ter n attention level. Mo Figure 21. Total suspended solids (TSS) concentrations for the Dry Run and  Urea was 25 µg/L (Fig. 22). First Flush 2008 in Capitola, CA  Total copper, zinc and lead did not exceed any WQO’s (Fig. 23). 700 600

 E. coli was below the WQO with a result of 312 500 MPN/ 100 ml and enterococcus exceeded the WQO 400 300

with a result of 318 MPN/100 ml (Fig. 24). L or ppb mcg/ 200

100 For First Flush 2008, Capitola teams mobilized at about 0 th B C A B C B C B C za-A ve-A a nter- A 12:45 a.m. on October 4 , 2008. The earliest samples Pl e y to - Dry Run re la C e Au to Av were taken at 1:24 a.m. sampling was finished by 2:50 Monte Capitola Pier-A Capi a.m. Monterey Figure 22. Urea concentrations for the Dry Run and First Flush 2008 in Capitola, CA. Results for First Flush were:  Nitrate and orthophosphate was not detected in any 500 Cu WQO= 30 ppb 450 Zn WQO= 200 ppb time series. 400 Pb WQO= 30 ppb 350  The highest concentration of TSS was 359 mg/L 300 250 during the first time series sample at Monterey 200 Avenue (Fig. 21). ppb or mcg/L 150 100  Urea results ranged from 165 to 622 µg/L, the highest 50 0

B C B C B C B C concentration was at the Capitola Pier (Fig. 22). r-A -A te laza-A Pier en C la a ito p  Total copper concentrations exceeded the WQO in Auto P itol a C ap Monterey Ave-A ten (83%) of the twelve time series samples. The C Monterey Ave- Dry Run highest copper result was 79 µg/L for the Capitola Figure 23. Total metal concentrations for copper, lead and zinc for the Dry Pier’s second time series sample (Fig. 23). Run and First Flush 2008 in Capitola, CA.

 Total zinc exceeded the WQO in eight (67%) of the 300000

250000 twelve time series samples. Monterey Avenue was E. coli WQO= 400 MPN/100mL the only site not to exceed the zinc WQO with non- 200000 Enterococcus WQO= 104 MPN/100mL detects for the second and third time series samples. 150000 The highest zinc result was 463 µg/L in the Capitola MPN/ 100mL 100000 Center’s last time series sample (Fig. 23). 50000 0

B C B C B C B C r-A un -A  E. coli and enterococcus concentrations were over the R er za-A te a ry Pi Pl en C - D la to to ve i WQO at all sites in all time series. The highest Au A itola ap y C ap Monterey Ave-A concentration for both E.coli and enterococcus was C Montere 241,957 MPN/100 ml at Capitola Center during the Figure 24. E.coli and enterococcus concentrations for the Dry Run and third time series (Fig. 24). First Flush 2008, Capitola, CA

20 Pajaro (Monterey County)

No field testing or sample collection was conducted at 4 the Pajaro site for the Dry Run in September. 3.5 NO3 Attention Level= 2.25 mg/L 3 PO4 Attention Level= 0.12 mg/L This is the first year the Pajaro site was monitored for 2.5 First Flush. Volunteers mobilized on November 1st at 2

mg/L (ppm) 1.5 approximately 3:00 p.m. The first sample was collected 1 at 3:40 p.m. and the last at 4:40 p.m. 0.5 0

C A - B - The results of First Flush were: o o ar ar aj aj  Nitrate exceeded the attention level in all time series Pajaro- P P samples. The highest concentration was 3.6 mg-N/L Figure 25. Nitrate and Orthophosphate concentrations for the First Flush at the Pajaro site in Monterey County, CA during the first times series (Fig. 25).

 Orthophosphates exceeded the attention level for all 1200 time series samples. The highest concentration was 0.6 1000 Attention Level= 500 mg/L mg-P/L during the last time series (Fig 25).  Total suspended solids exceeded the attention level in 800 100% of the time series samples, the highest 600

concentration was 1120 mg/L (Fig. 26). mg/L or ppm 400  Urea was 98 µg/L. 200

 Total copper exceeded the WQO in all time series 0

- B C samples. The highest concentration was 139 µg/L ro jaro- a during the first time series sample (Fig. 27). Pajaro- A Paja P  Total zinc exceeded the WQO in all time series Figure 26. Total suspended solids (TSS) concentrations for the First Flush at the Pajaro site in Monterey County, CA samples. The highest concentration was 552 µg/L in the first time series sample (Fig. 27). 600 Copper WQO= 30 ppb  Total lead exceeded the WQO in all time series Zinc WQO= 200 ppb Lead WQO= 30 ppb samples. The highest concentration of 88 µg/L was 500 found in the first time series sample (Fig. 27). 400  E. coli and enterococcus exceeded the WQO in all time 300 series samples. E. coli had a high of 19,179 MPN/100 L (ppb) Mcg/ 200 ml in the second time series sample. The highest 100 concentration for enterococcus was 155,312 MPN/100 0

- B - C ml during the third time series (Fig. 28). o o ajaro- A ajar P P Pajar Figure 27. Total metal concentrations for copper, lead & zinc for the First Flush at the Parajo site in Monterey County, CA.

180000 160000 E.coli WQO= 400 MPN/100ml 140000 Enterococcus WQO= 104 MPN/100ml 120000 100000 80000

MPN/ 100ml 60000 40000 20000 0

- A ro- B ro- C aja Pajaro P Paja Figure 28. E.coli and enterococcus concentrations for the First Flush 2008 at the Pajaro site in Monterey County, CA

21 Seaside 1 NO3-N Attention Level=2.25 ppm The Dry Run in Seaside was conducted on Saturday, 0.9 PO4 Attention Level= 0.12 ppm th 0.8 September 20 for the Hotel site only. The Bay Street 0.7 site was checked but only stagnant water was in the 0.6 0.5 culvert. 0.4 mg/L or ppm mg/L 0.3 Dry Run results: 0.2 0.1  The nitrate concentration was very low at 0.2 mg-N/L 0 and orthophosphate was above the attention level at Bay Street- B C Hotel-Dry Hotel-A B C A Run 0.6 mg-P/L (Fig 29). Figure 29. Nitrate and Orthophosphate concentrations for Dry Run and First  Total suspended solids were well below the attention Flush 2008 in Seaside, CA. level at 5.9 mg/L (Fig. 30). 120  Urea was 66 µg/L (Fig. 31). 100 Attention Level= 500 mg/L  Total copper, zinc and lead were all below the WQO (Fig. 32). 80  E.coli and enterococcus were both slightly above the 60 WQO at 480 MPN/100 ml and 196 MPN/100 ml mg/L or ppm 40 respectively(Fig. 33). 20 0 Bay Street- B C Hotel-Dry Hotel-A B C For First Flush 2008 Seaside teams mobilized at A Run st approximately 8:00 p.m. on November 1 . The first Figure 30. Total suspended solids (TSS) concentrations for the Dry Run and measurements were taken at 8:47 p.m. and the last First Flush 2008 in Seaside, CA. samples collected at 9:48 p.m. It was determined that the Bay Street site was not safe to sample at the end of 120 pipe due to the rising tide. It was sampled during the 100 next rain event on November 26th with an ISCO 80 sampler. 60

mcg/L or ppb 40 Results for First Flush were: 20

 Nitrate concentrations were below the attention levels 0 Bay Street- B C Hotel-Dry Hotel-A B C for each time series samples at both sites (Fig. 29). A Run  Orthophosphate concentrations were above the Figure 31. Urea concentrations for the Dry Run and First Flush 2008 in Seaside, CA. attention level at both sites for all time series samples.

The highest concentration was 0.9 mg-P/L for both 160 Cu WQO= 30 ppb the second and the third time series samples at the 140 Zn WQO= 200 ppb Hotel site (Fig 29). 120 Pb WQO= 30 ppb  Total suspended solids were below the attention 100 levels for all samples (Fig. 30). 80 60  Urea was 108 µg/L at Bay Street and not detected at or ppb mcg/L Hotel (Fig. 31). 40 20

 Total copper exceeded the WQO in all of the Bay 0 Street samples but was non-detect at Hotel. Total Bay Street- B C Hotel-Dry Hotel-A B C A Run zinc and lead was below the WQO at both sites for all Figure 32. Total metal concentrations for copper, lead and zinc for the time series samples (Fig. 32). Dry Run and First Flush 2008 in Seaside, CA.  E.coli and enterococcus exceeded their WQO in all of the Bay Street time series samples and none of the 30000 E. coli WQO= 400 MPN/100 ml Hotel site samples. E. coli had a high concentration 25000 enterococcus WQO= 104MPN/ 100mL of 26,100 MPN/ 100 ml in the second time series 20000 sample and enterococcus had a high concentration of 15000 17,890 MPN/ 100 ml in the first time series sample (Fig. 33). 100mL MPN/ 10000

5000

0 Bay Street- B C Hotel-Dry Hotel-A B C A Run

Figure 33. E.coli and enterococcus concentrations for the Dry Run and First Flush 2008 in Seaside, CA Monterey For First Flush 2008, Monterey teams mobilized at The Dry Run was conducted on Saturday, September approximately 8:00 p.m. on the 1st of November. The 20th, 2008. All sites were monitored except for first measurements were taken at 8:19 p.m. and the Eldorado which did not have flowing water. Hopkins last sample was collected at 9:52 p.m. (Monterey) is included in both the Monterey and Pacific Grove results as this site’s runoff originates in First Flush lab analysis results showed: both cities.  No sites exceeded the attention level for nitrate. The highest measurement for nitrate was at Dry Run results from the lab analysis showed: Steinbeck (1.7 mg-N/L) during the second time  Nitrates did not exceed the attention level for any series (Fig. 34). site or sample. The highest concentration was 1.2  The orthophosphate attention level was exceeded in mg-N/L at San Carlos Beach (Fig. 34). 100% of the time series samples with the highest  Orthophosphate concentrations exceeded the concentration at Steinbeck (4.8 mg-P/L) in the last attention level at two (40%) of the five sites, with time series sample (Fig. 34). the highest concentration of 3.1 mg-P/L at  Total suspended solids were well below the Steinbeck (Fig. 34). attention level for all time series samples, the  Total suspended solids were below the attention highest result was 89 mg/L for the third time series level for all sites. The highest concentration was at sample at Twins (Fig. 35). HopkinsMon with a concentration of 12 µg/L (Fig.  Urea ranged from 73 to 753 µg/L. The highest 35). concentrations were at Twins and Steinbeck (Fig.  Urea results ranged from 15 to 144 µg/L with the 36). highest result from HopkinsMon (Fig. 36).  Total copper exceeded the WQO in fifteen (83%) of  Total copper exceeded the WQO in only one (20%) the eighteen samples with the highest concentration of the five samples collected. The highest at Steinbeck (143 µg/L) during the last time series concentration was 183 µg/L at Steinbeck (Fig. 38). sample (Fig. 37).  Total zinc did not exceed the WQO at any site; the  Total zinc exceeded the WQO in eight (44%) of the highest concentration was 110 µg/L at Steinbeck eighteen time series samples with the highest result (Fig. 37). from Steinbeck (360 µg/L) during the last time  Total lead did not exceed the WQO at any site. All series (Fig 37). sites were non-detect except at the Library, which  Total lead did not exceed the WQO for any time had a concentration of 5µg/L (Fig. 37). series samples at any site (Fig. 37).  E.coli and enterococcus WQOs were exceeded at  E. coli and enterococcus WQO’s were exceeded for three (60%) of the five sites. The highest results all time series samples with the highest results at were at Steinbeck (48,400 MPN/100 ml for both Steinbeck (E.coli was 198,629 MPN/100 ml & E.coli and enterococcus) (Fig. 38). enterococcus >241,960 MPN/100 ml) (Fig. 38).

6 NO3-N WQO= 2.25 ppm 5 PO4 WQO= 0.12 ppm 4

mg/L or ppm 2 1 0

B C n B C A B C A B C B C B C s- un Run ck-A R e y wins- ry Run b T D Dr Library-A Carlo Dry Runin ldorado-A s n k s- E lo a n r S ec Ste ki Twins Dry a b p Library Dry Ru C HopkinsMon-A Ho San Stein Figure 34. Nitrate and Orthophosphate concentrations for Dry Run and First Flush 2008 in Monterey, CA.

100 90 Attention level= 500 mg/L 80 70 60 50 40

mg/ L or ppm L or mg/ 30 20 10 0

A B C A B C n -A B C B C B C B C o- u s un d ry- R Run R on-A ra ry Run ra ry ry M o D Twin D s ld Lib s n E Steinbeck-A San Carlos-A beck Dry ibrary D Twin n Hopki L ei Hopkins- St San Carlos Dry Run Figure 35. Total suspended solids (TSS) concentrations for the Dry Run and First Flush 2008 in Monterey, CA.

800 700 600 500 400 300 mcg/ L or ppb L or mcg/ 200 100 0

-A B C n B C B C n -A B C -A B C A B C o u s k n- d R Run o ra ry rlo y ec o Twins-A b d Library-A D Ca -Dry Run s n k Dr s El c Stein in pkinsM wins Dry Run rlo Sa k o ibrary Dry Ru T H L Hop Steinbe San Ca

Figure 36. Urea concentrations for the Dry Run and First Flush 2008 in Monterey, CA.

400 Cu WQO= 30 ppb 350 Zn WQO= 200 ppb 300 Pb WQO= 30 ppb 250 200 150 mcg/L or ppb or mcg/L 100 50 0

n B C B C -A B C A B C A B C n -A B C o-A u s un k- u d R c ra win Mon o T Dry s Library-A Carlos- -Dry Rin s n s k Eld o Steinbe in wins Dry R Sa k T arl Hop Library Dry Run op H Steinbeck Dry Run San C Figure 37. Total metal concentrations for copper, lead and zinc for the Dry Run and First Flush 2008 in Monterey, CA.

300000 E.coli WQO= 400 MPN/100mL 250000 Enterococcus WQO= 104 MPN/100mL

200000

150000

MPN/100 mL MPN/100 100000

50000

B C A B C A B C n A B C n -A B C n -A B C s- u s- u u R ck win ry R ry R Dry Runibrary- T D y L Carlo r ck D teinbe s- kinsMon Eldorado-A a e S n p San b ki o Twins Dry Run p H Libr o ein H St San Carlos Dry Figure 38. E.coli and enterococcus concentrations for the Dry Run and First Flush 2008 in Monterey, CA.

Pacific Grove the wastewater treatment plant. Three time series The Dry Run was conducted on September 20th, samples were collected at eleven sites and measured 2008. All eleven sites were checked but only six for each analyte: nitrate, orthophosphate, urea, (Hopkins (Monterey), Greenwood, Lover’s Point, copper, zinc, lead, hardness, total suspended solids, Pico, Asilomar, and Congress) had flowing water and E.coli and enterococcus. Urea was monitored only were monitored. The City of Pacific Grove diverts once, during the first time series. One site, 15th their dry weather flows from Lover’s Point, Fountain, Street, was not monitored for First Flush due to low Grand, Forest, Greenwood Park, and 8th Street flow on November 1st. Another attempt to monitor outfalls to the Monterey Regional Water Pollution was made on November 26th but due to construction Control Agency. This diversion starts on April 1st activity in the area access to the outfall was not and continues until the end of October or longer possible. Hopkins (Monterey) is included in both the depending upon weather conditions. Monterey and Pacific Grove results as this site’s runoff originates in both cities. Hopkins (Monterey) is included in both the Monterey and Pacific Grove results as this site’s runoff First Flush lab analysis results showed: originates in both cities.  The nitrate attention level was exceeded in three (9%) of the thirty-three time series samples with Dry Run results: the highest concentration in the last time series  The nitrate attention level was only exceeded at sample from Hopkins (Pacific Grove) (3.4 mg-N/L) Lover’s Point with a concentration of 4.8 mg-N/L (Fig. 39). (Fig. 39).  The orthophosphate attention level was exceeded in  Orthophosphate was not detected in four of the six thirty-two (97%) of the thirty three samples, with sites. Two sites (Greenwood and Asilomar) had the highest concentration in the last time series concentrations of 0.2 mg-P/L, while four sites sample at Hopkins (Pacific Grove) (3.2 mg-P/L). (Hopkins (Monterey), Lover’s, Pico, Congress) The only site to have a non-detect was Asilomar, had non-detects (Fig.39). during the first time series sample (Fig. 39).  Total suspended solids were below the attention  Total suspended solids were below the attention level for all sites (Fig. 40). level for all samples (Fig. 40).  Urea ranged from 39 to 173 µg/L, with the highest  Urea ranged from 38 to 1015 µg/L. The highest concentration at Hopkins (Monterey) (Fig. 41). concentration was at Forest (Fig. 41).  The copper WQO was exceeded in only one (17%)  The total copper WQO was exceeded in 100% of of the six sites monitored, with a high of 54 µg/L at the time series samples, with the highest Hopkins (Monterey) (Fig. 42). concentration in the first time series sample at  The zinc and lead WQO’s were not exceeded at Forest (440 µg/L)(Fig. 42). any site. Two sites (Pico, Asilomar) had non-  Total zinc exceeded the WQO in seven (21%) of detects (Fig. 42). the thirty-three time series samples. The highest  The E.coli WQO was exceeded in five (83%) of the result (417 µg/L) was in the third time series six sites with the highest concentration at sample from Hopkins (Pacific Grove) (Fig. 42). Greenwood Park (13,000 MPN/100 ml). The  Total lead did not exceed the WQO in any sample enterococcus WQO was exceeded at all sites with from any site. Many sites had non-detects the highest concentration at Pico (8,201 MPN/100 throughout the sampling (Fig. 42). ml) (Fig. 43).  The E.coli WQO was exceeded in 100% of the time series samples, with the highest concentration in First Flush 2008 teams mobilized in Pacific Grove on the first time series sample at Pico (>241,960 November 1st at 8:00 p.m. and began monitoring by MPN/100 ml). The enterococcus WQO was 8:20 p.m. For the First Flush event, the dry weather exceeded in 100% of the time series samples, with diversion was still operating but volunteers were able the highest concentration in the third time series to collect samples from the overflow that did sample from Congress (>241,960 MPN/100 ml) eventually flow into the MBNMS. Because of the (Fig 43). diversion, the majority of storm water runoff went to

5 NO3-N WQO= 2.25 ppm PO4 WQO= 0.12 ppm

mg/L or ppm 2

B C A B C A B C B C B C A B C A B C B C B C n B C A B C -A - r-A - Run sM- r's-A Ru a y n and rest- y RunPico-A m ress wood r o ve o g -Dr ki 8th St.- G F Dr p d-Dry Run Lo ns o reen Fountain-A Asil Con ki Ho Pico- mar-Dry HopkinsPG-A p wo G o n l Ho Lover's-Dry Run Asi Congress-Dry Run Gree Figure 39. Nitrate and Orthophosphate concentrations for Dry Run and First Flush 2008 in Pacific Grove, CA.

140

120 Attention level= 500 mg/L

100

60 mg/ L or ppm 40

B C -A B C -A B C n -A B C B C B C B C n -A B C B C n B C B C . u d n-A t-A s u R i s Ru ' ar-A Run PG-A y er m y s insM th St r nta ore ry v Pico-A in k 8 woo u Grand-A F ilo p -D n -D Lo r-Dry R ngress-A pk a o o od Fo As C Ho Pico-Dry Run H wo Gree om n il Hopkins-Dry Run e Lover's s A Congress-Dr Gre Figure 40. Total suspended solids (TSS) concentrations for the Dry Run and First Flush 2008 in Pacific Grove, CA.

1200

1000

800

600

mcg/L or ppb 400

200

B C n B C n A n B C B C u B C u B C B C -A B C B C -A B C B C -A un R d-A st-A 's R s-A o e r ar s y ry R and r Pico-A m y insPG-A untain- Gr ilo gre pkinsM-A 8th St.-A -D Fo Love s-Dr o o o-Dry Ru on in od F c As C k H Pi Hopk wo Greenwo n Hop Lover's-Dry Run ee Asilomar-Dry Run Congress-Dr Gr Figure 41. Urea concentrations for the Dry Run and First Flush 2008 in Pacific Grove, CA. Urea was only measured during the first time series of the First Flush event.

500

450 Cu WQO= 30 ppb 400 Zn WQO= 200 ppb Pb WQO= 30 ppb 350 300 250 200 mcg/L or ppb 150 100 50 0

B C -A B C B C B C B C -A B C B C n B C -A B C n B C n B C n-A t-A s-A o r-A Run Run ' Run c ss-A tai y Ru y Ru ma re nsPG-A th St.-A rand r Pi o ry Ru i -Dry 8 G Fores -D over -Dr ng s d-Dry L s-D in o Foun r's ico-Dry Asil Co k HopkinsM o e P Hopk p w Greenwood-A gres n Ho en Lov re Asilomar Co G Figure 42. Total metal concentrations for copper, lead & zinc for the Dry Run and First Flush 2008 in Pacific Grove, CA.

300000 E. coli WQO= 400 MPN/100mL Enterococcus WQO= 104MPN/100mL 250000

200000

150000

MPN/ 100mL MPN/ 100000

50000

B C n B C -A B C B C -A B C B C B C n B C n B C -A B C -A B C u t-A u s-A u o-A G-A R St. R ' R c ar ss P y tain res y m s o ry Pi o kinsM-A 8th un Grand-A F gre kin -Dr p nwood-A Lover sil -Dry Runn s o d-Dry Rune o 's-D s o o F ico-Dr ar-Dry ARun C H er P m Hop pkin wo Gre v o n o ilo H L As Congres Gree Figure 43. E.coli and enterococcus concentrations for the Dry Run and First Flush 2008 in Pacific Grove, CA.

27 Carmel series sample from 8th Street both with a value of 238 µg/L (Fig. 47). The Dry Run (DR) for Carmel was conducted on  Total lead exceeded the WQO for one (8%) of the September 20th, 2008. All sites were checked but twelve time series samples. The high value was only 8th Avenue had flowing water and was from Mission Street (36 µg/L) during the first time monitored. The only parameter that exceeded a series sample (Fig 47). WQO was enterococcus (942 MPN/100 ml).  E. coli and enterococcus levels were both above WQO’s for 100% of the time series samples at all First Flush 2008 team members mobilized at sites. The highest E. coli measurements were at st approximately 8:00 p.m. on November 1 , the first Mission Street in the first and third time series measurements were taken at 8:30 p.m. Three time samples, with a high of 51,721 MPN/ 100 ml. The series samples were collected at three sites and highest enterococcus concentration was > 241,960 measured for each analyte: nitrate, urea, MPN/100 ml in Ocean Avenue’s second time orthophosphate, copper, zinc, lead, hardness, total series sample (Fig. 48). suspended solids, E.coli and enterococcus. Urea was

2 monitored only once, during the first time series. A NO3-N WQO= 2.25ppb th 1.8 PO4 WQO= 0.12ppb fourth site, 4 Avenue, was not monitored on 1.6 st November 1 due to construction activity at the site. 1.4 th 1.2 Instead 4 Avenue was monitored during a later 1 storm on November 26th lab results are included ppm or mg/L 0.8 st 0.6 below with the November 1 storm event lab results. 0.4 0.2

0 4th Street- B C Ocean Ave- B C 8th Ave Dry 8th Ave-A B C Mission-A B C First Flush lab analysis showed: A A Run Figure 44. Nitrate and Orthophosphate concentrations for the Dry Run and  No sites exceeded the attention level for nitrate First Flush 2008 for Carmel by the Sea, CA (Fig. 44). 600

 Orthophosphate exceeded the attention level in 500 Attention level= 500 mg/L 100% of the time series samples. The highest 400 concentration was at Mission Street (1.9 mg-P/L) 300

(Fig. 44). ppm L or mg/ 200  Total suspended solids were below the attention 100 level for all time series samples except for the first 0 4th Street- B C Ocean B C 8th Ave 8th Ave-A B C Mission-A B C time series sample at Mission Street (509 mg/L) A Ave-A Dry Run (Fig. 45). Figure 45. Total suspended solids (TSS) concentrations for the Dry Run and First Flush 2008 for Carmel by the Sea, CA  Urea ranged from 46 to 331 µg/L with the highest concentration at 8th Avenue (Fig.46). 350  Total copper exceeded the WQO in 100% of the 300 time series samples, with the highest concentration 250 200 in the first time series sample at Mission Street 150 (188 µg/L) (Fig. 47). L mcg/ or ppb 100

 Total zinc exceeded the WQO in seven (58%) of 50

the twelve time series samples. The highest 0 4th B C Ocean B C 8th Ave 8th Ave-A B C Mission-A B C concentration was from the first time series Street- A Ave-A Dry Run Figure 46. Urea concentrations for the Dry Run and First Flush 2008 for sample at Mission Street and in the second time Carmel by the Sea, CA.

28 250

Cu WQO= 30ppb Zn WQO= 200ppb 200 Pb WQO= 300ppb

150

mcg/L or ppb mcg/L or 100

0 4th B C Ocean B C 8th Ave 8th Ave-A B C Mission-A B C Street- A Ave-A Dry Run Figure 47. Total metal concentrations for copper, lead and zinc for the Dry Run and First Flush 2008 for Carmel by the Sea, CA.

300000

250000 E.coli WQO= 400MPN/100mL Enterococcus WQO= 104MPN/100mL 200000

150000 MPN/100mL 100000

50000

0 4th B C Ocean B C 8th Ave 8th Ave-A B C Mission- BC Street- A Ave-A Dry Run A Figure 48. E.coli and enterococcus concentrations for the Dry Run and First Flush 2008, Carmel by the Sea, CA. Attachment 2: Site name and location