Critiquing Imperialism and Its Effects on Humanity in Science Fiction with Reference to H.G.Wells’S the War of the Worlds
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International Academic Journal of Education & Literature ISSN Print : 2708-5112 | ISSN Online : 2708-5120 Frequency : Bi-Monthly Language : English Origin : Kenya Website : https://www.iarconsortium.org/journal-info/IAJEL Review Article Critiquing Imperialism and its Effects on Humanity in Science Fiction with Reference to H.G.Wells’s The War of the Worlds Article History Abstract: The researcher aims at bringing out the nature of imperialism and how it is highlighted in Science Fiction especially in H.G.Wells‟s The War of the Received: 10.05.2021 Worlds. The text projects the galactic imperialism. The researcher studies the text Revision: 20.05.2021 from the imperialistic point of view by illustrating the social, geo-political, Accepted: 30.05.2021 psychological and cultural relation and also the similarities and difference Published: 10.06.2021 between the Martian society and the European society depicted in the text. Author Details Dr Vijaykumar R Punekar Keywords: Science Fiction, Imperialism, Galaxy, Narration. Authors Affiliations Assistant Professor, Department of English, Waghire INTRODUCTION College Saswad, Tal-Purandar, Dist-Pune, India H.G.Wells‟s The War of the Worlds is an impression, taken from life, Corresponding Author* of the conquest by the European whites of a certain portion of the world, Dr Vijaykumar R Punekar an impression in particular of the civilizing methods of a great European How to Cite the Article: trading company face to face with the non-Europeans. In this story, Vijaykumar R Punekar. (2021); Critiquing human life, both Earthmen and Martians, is presented as an unusually Imperialism and its Effects on Humanity in serious affair. Wells‟s art here lies in his catching of the infinite shades of Science Fiction with Reference to H.G.Wells‟s the Martians‟s uneasy disconcerted and fantastic relations with the The War of the Worlds. Int Aca J Edu Lte. Earthmen. The weirdness, the brilliance, the psychological truth of this 2(3); 23-28 masterly analysis of two worlds in conflicts, of the deep gulf between the Copyright @ 2021: This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Martians‟ technologically superior system and the Earthmen‟s Commons Attribution license which permits comprehension of its results is conveyed to us through a rapidly moving unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction narrative of war events. The novel begins with Martians visit and attack in any medium for non commercial use the Earth with their powerful weapons. They have had specific purpose (NonCommercial, or CC-BY-NC) provided the behind visiting. The purpose is to conquest. This is exactly the modern original author and source are credited. symbol of imperial world- „the conquest of nature‟. This symbol is advocated by modern Science Fiction writers in to the form of galactic imperialism. Ironically in the text Martians attack on the nation England which itself is conqueror of the Earth. Man has established a space travel that is why he is very anxious to establish his significance or presence in the universe. Apart from this he actually aspires to dominate the whole Universe by conquering one planet to another by Time Machine or Space aircraft. He has already established Space Stations in the Galaxy. Galactic empire may be controlled by humanity and threatened or menaced by alien or it may be an alien oppression threatening the earth. H.G.Wells projects the 20th Century imperialistic violence, self –assertion and brute facts establishing power in this work. The text presents the concept of „Galactic imperialistic vision‟ of the author. The novelist H.G.Wells embodies the persistent fallacy that science can be made to do everything for man. Wells' work dealt almost always with the actual possibilities of invention and discovery .Many of his ideas of inventions have 'come true'. His works such as The Time Machine (1895), The Invisible Man (1897) and The War of the Worlds (1898) are examples of scientific romances. The relationship between the theory of imperialism and basic element of science fiction i.e. space travel-an exploration of domination of new world of galaxy has been examined in Wells‟s The War of the Worlds. The projection of „Galactic imperialism‟ 1 in the text is very vivid. 23 Vijaykumar R Punekar; Int Aca J Edu Lte; Vol-2, Iss-3 (May-Jun, 2021): 23-28 H.G. Wells's The War of the Worlds is a most majority, or in the Indian situation belonging to the low- complex novella, which offers a brilliant fictional caste. account of savage journey.Here visiting Martians‟ invasion of the Earth has had a specific purpose behind Science Fiction proper is distinguished from the visiting. The purpose is to conquest. This is exactly the Scientific Romances even from the time of Galileo modern symbol of imperial world- „the conquest of onwards. These may include a Syrian novelist Lucian‟s nature‟2. This symbol is advocated by modern science True History written in the second century A.D., in fiction writers into the form of galactic imperialism. which the narrator sailing in the ship is caught by a hum Man has established a space travel that is why he is cane and hurled into the sky from where it sails on to very anxious to establish his significance or presence in the moon. Fabulous tales of imaginary voyage or the universe. Apart from this he actually aspires to Utopian Fiction in which ideal societies were imagined dominate the whole Universe by conquering one planet are not Science Fiction in the sense the 20th Century and another through Time Machine or Space aircraft. Science Fiction criticism defines it. But these works Scientists have already established Space Stations in the include conventions and characteristics which were Galaxy. It is about an exploration of new world of later assimilated into Science Fiction. Thomas More‟s galaxy through space travel and hidden intention of Utopia (1516), Jonathan Swift‟s Gulliver Travels ruling the same world of galaxy. This investigation will (1726), Kepler‟s Somnium (1634), Cyrano de explore the innate quest of material interest in the Bergerac‟s fantastical Voyages to the Moon and Sun modern science and its .development. Further, this (1656) make use of imagined societies to criticize the research project will probe the lack of spiritual and world of reality with which they were utterly moral strength of Wells's earthmen. dissatisfied. The element of the „other‟ in them appears to relate them to the Science Fiction, but they cannot be Imperialistic and materialistic interest continues to listed as such. The Science Fiction requires material and lead earthmen to abandon moral and ethical principles physical rationalization rather than merely fabulous or even today and in future. The imperialistic mission for supernatural set of events. These Utopias do not have the materialistic greed is still present in different forms scientific outlook. Even the element of „other‟ in them in different places. Therefore, studying Wells‟s is disputed, because the imagined society in them scientific romances from pre and post „colonial‟ angel actually reinforces the existing society by criticizing in the contemporary situation is relevant. The visionary only the evils in them. presentation of scientific development and imperial world could easily be seen. Patrick Parrinder calls Wells „the pivotal figure, the evolution of Scientific Romance into modern Science Science Fiction and Galactic Imperialism Fiction‟. 4 Wells explored a number of themes in H.G.Wells‟s novel The War of the Worlds presents Science Fiction, namely, time-travel, the alien invasion, the contemporary imperialistic point of view. The biological mutation, the future city , and the anti-utopia. imperialistic angle expressed in it and its relation to the Like Verne‟s submarine, Wells was also prophetic mainstream Science Fiction is an attempt to criticize about the tank in Warfare, the atomic bomb and the geo-economical greed of British Empire or colonizes as warplanes. But he was also interested in the purely well. The researcher here tries to trace the development hypothetical scientific fantasy as in his Time Machine of Science Fiction as a background to study and the short novel The Island of the Doctor Morean H.G.Wells‟s scientific romances. (1896). He requires his readers to accept his speculative hypothesis – the Time Travel-and then he explores its Alien Encounter consequences in a rigorous realistic mode of writing. It All the definitions of a Science Fiction emphasize can be observed in his The Invisible Man (1897) , The the encounter with a world that is different. It is the War of the Worlds (1898) and other Scientific „otherness‟ of the aliens, of the landscape; of the flora Romances. and fauna, which, the Science Fiction explores with help of a “novum‟‟. McCracken says, „at the root of the Imperialism: A Thematic Tool in Science all Science Fiction lies the fantasy of alien encounter.‟3 Fiction and the War of the Worlds. And later he says „the meeting self with the other is History of Science Fiction assumes that several perhaps the most fearful, most exciting and most erotic writers used this genre to comment on colonial encounter of all‟. This explains the tremendous interest experience, imperial past, or memory of invasion. Some of the Science Fiction readers in the Science Fiction envisage future wars and effects of imperialism in their dealing with aliens from Mars and other planets. The works by presenting Alien encounter. Wells has planets, the terrestrial land, also function as the alterity- introduced the concept of galactic imperialism. The the otherness of the earth. What is more, the Science concept actually related to the ultimate symbol of „the Fiction provides a form to deal with the otherness, or conquest of nature‟.