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Section 044200 - Exterior Stone Cladding
METRO MASONRY ANNUAL CONTRACT 2018- 2023 SECTION 044200 - EXTERIOR STONE CLADDING PART 1 - GENERAL 1.1 RELATED DOCUMENTS A. Drawings and general provisions of the Contract, including General and Supplementary Conditions and Division 01 Specification Sections, apply to this Section. 1.2 SUMMARY A. Section includes all possible situations that may be encountered at Metro Properties and the several solutions for maintenance of stone masonry restoration and cleaning. The Metro Project Coordinator will direct the Contractor as to portions of the specification for each project. The Project may require the following: 1. Dimension stone panels set with individual anchors. 2. Dimension stone panels mechanically anchored on steel trusses. 3. Dimension stone panels mechanically anchored on steel strongback frames. 4. Dimension stone panels mechanically anchored on steel stud frames. 5. Dimension stone panels mechanically anchored (field installed) on a metal-grid system. 6. Dimension stone panels set in architectural precast concrete. 7. Dimension stone trim units, including bands; copings; sills; jambs; and soffits. 8. Dimension stone with carving or inscriptions. B. Related Requirements: 1. Division 03 Section "Precast Architectural Concrete" for setting dimension stone panels in architectural precast concrete units. 2. Division 04 Section "Unit Masonry" for installing inserts in unit masonry for anchoring dimension stone cladding and for stone trim in unit masonry walls. 3. Division 05 Section "Cold-Formed Metal Framing" for steel stud frames supporting dimension stone cladding. 4. Division 07 Section "Joint Sealants" for sealing joints in dimension stone cladding system with elastomeric sealants. 1.3 DEFINITIONS A. Definitions contained in ASTM C 119 apply to this Section. -
Lithics, Landscape and People: Life Beyond the Monuments in Prehistoric Guernsey
UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHAMPTON FACULTY OF HUMANITIES Department of Archaeology Lithics, Landscape and People: Life Beyond the Monuments in Prehistoric Guernsey by Donovan William Hawley Thesis for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy April 2017 UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHAMPTON ABSTRACT FACULTY OF HUMANITIES Archaeology Thesis for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Lithics, Landscape and People: Life Beyond the Monuments in Prehistoric Guernsey Donovan William Hawley Although prehistoric megalithic monuments dominate the landscape of Guernsey, these have yielded little information concerning the Mesolithic, Neolithic and Early Bronze Age communities who inhabited the island in a broader landscape and maritime context. For this thesis it was therefore considered timely to explore the alternative material culture resource of worked flint and stone archived in the Guernsey museum. Largely ignored in previous archaeological narratives on the island or considered as unreliable data, the argument made in this thesis is for lithics being an ideal resource that, when correctly interrogated, can inform us of past people’s actions in the landscape. In order to maximise the amount of obtainable data, the lithics were subjected to a wide ranging multi-method approach encompassing all stages of the châine opératoire from material acquisition to discard, along with a consideration of the landscape context from which the material was recovered. The methodology also incorporated the extensive corpus of lithic knowledge that has been built up on the adjacent French mainland, a resource largely passed over in previous Channel Island research. By employing this approach, previously unknown patterns of human occupation and activity on the island, and the extent and temporality of maritime connectivity between Guernsey and mainland areas has been revealed. -
Graveyard Geology
GRAVEYARD GEOLOGY A Guide to Rocks in Graveyards and Cemeteries Wendy Kirk Department of Earth Sciences, David Cook University College London & Aldersbrook Geological Society London Geodiversity Partnership Introduction Walk around graveyards and cemeteries (in this case, those of London and the southeast of England) and it becomes apparent that, prior to the latter part of the twentieth century, many memorials were made out of just a few different rock types. These were chosen for reasons of appearance, cost, workability and ease of transport to the cemetery, as well as for resistance to weathering and dependence on local regulations. In the last few decades, a range of different, interesting and beautiful stones have appeared, many brought in from abroad, enhancing the diversity of materials used. The intention of this guide is to help a non-specialist identify the main rock types, to recognize some of the varieties and to know where some of these might have come from. Graveyards are a wonderful resource for those with an interest in geology at any level, wildlife, plants, history or sculpture. We hope you gain as much pleasure as we have done. First things first A useful place to start is to be able to distinguish between igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic rocks. Igneous rocks form from melted rock called magma. If this erupts at the surface, it is called lava. It cools and crystallizes quickly, so the grains are too small to see even with a hand lens (magnifying glass). If the lava erupt explosively to form a spray, the cooled fragments are known as volcanic ash. -
Building Stones of the National Mall
The Geological Society of America Field Guide 40 2015 Building stones of the National Mall Richard A. Livingston Materials Science and Engineering Department, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA Carol A. Grissom Smithsonian Museum Conservation Institute, 4210 Silver Hill Road, Suitland, Maryland 20746, USA Emily M. Aloiz John Milner Associates Preservation, 3200 Lee Highway, Arlington, Virginia 22207, USA ABSTRACT This guide accompanies a walking tour of sites where masonry was employed on or near the National Mall in Washington, D.C. It begins with an overview of the geological setting of the city and development of the Mall. Each federal monument or building on the tour is briefly described, followed by information about its exterior stonework. The focus is on masonry buildings of the Smithsonian Institution, which date from 1847 with the inception of construction for the Smithsonian Castle and continue up to completion of the National Museum of the American Indian in 2004. The building stones on the tour are representative of the development of the Ameri can dimension stone industry with respect to geology, quarrying techniques, and style over more than two centuries. Details are provided for locally quarried stones used for the earliest buildings in the capital, including A quia Creek sandstone (U.S. Capitol and Patent Office Building), Seneca Red sandstone (Smithsonian Castle), Cockeysville Marble (Washington Monument), and Piedmont bedrock (lockkeeper's house). Fol lowing improvement in the transportation system, buildings and monuments were constructed with stones from other regions, including Shelburne Marble from Ver mont, Salem Limestone from Indiana, Holston Limestone from Tennessee, Kasota stone from Minnesota, and a variety of granites from several states. -
Revisions to the Nonmetallic Mineral Processing Plants (Subpart OOO) NSPS
Economic and Small Business Analysis – Revisions to the Nonmetallic Mineral Processing Plants (Subpart OOO) NSPS EPA-452/R-09-003 April 2009 Economic and Small Business Analysis – Revisions to the Nonmetallic Mineral Processing Plants (Subpart OOO) NSPS By: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards Research Triangle Park, North Carolina U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards Health and Environmental Impacts Division Air Benefits and Costs Group Research Triangle Park, NC 2 SECTION 1 INTRODUCTION To meet the requirements of section 111(b)(1)(B) of the CAA, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is currently conducting the second review of the new source performance standards (NSPS) for non-metallic mineral processing plants (NMPP). The NMPP NSPS was promulgated on August 1, 1985 (40 CFR Part 60 subpart OOO, 50 FR 31328) and subsequently reviewed in 1997. Subpart OOO requires new, modified, or reconstructed affected facilities at NMPP to achieve emission levels that reflect the best demonstrated system of continuous emission reduction, considering cost, non-air quality health, environmental, and energy impacts. These emission levels, referred to as “best demonstrated technology (BDT),” are specified in subpart OOO. The purpose of this report is to provide economic and small business impact analyses for the requirements of this NSPS. We include revenue and other economic data for affected industries and businesses in the industry profile for this NSPS, and that profile is included in this report. The analysis will focus on estimating such impacts by providing annualized cost as a percent of sales or revenues for firms in industries likely to be affected by this NSPS. -
Dimension Stone Feasibility Study
DIMENSION STONE FEASIBILITY STUDY: DEVELOPMENT POTENTIAL IN MICHIGAN'S UPPER PENINSULA H. James Bourque and Associates 402 Ashmun Street, P.O. Box 292 Sault Ste. Marie, MI 49783 (906) 635-9191 July 1, 1999 Page 2 Table of Contents Acknowledgements ................................................................................................... 4 Project Background.................................................................................................... 5 In Recent Years . ...................................................................................................... 5 Study Methods............................................................................................................ 7 Geology of the Upper Peninsula................................................................................. 7 Dimension Stone Production ...................................................................................... 8 1997 Dimension Stone Production By Types: ...........................................................9 Dimension Stone Pricing ...........................................................................................11 Sandstone ..............................................................................................................12 Granite...................................................................................................................12 Limestone ..............................................................................................................12 Stone Sites Investigated -
BUIL])ING STON.E O·F WASHINGTON
BUIL])ING STON.E o·f WASHINGTON By WAYNE S. MOEN Washington Department of Conservation Division of Mines and Geology Bulletin No. 55 1967 State of Washington DANIEL J. EV ANS, Governor Department of Conservation H. MAURICE AHLQUIST, Director DIVISION OF MINES AND GEOLOGY MARSHALL T. HUNTTING, Supervisor Bulletin No. 55 BUILDING STONE OF WASHINGTON By WAYNE S. MOEN STATE PRINTING PLANT. OLYMPI A , WASHINGTON 1967 For sale by Department Pof? ceConsl]SliARYervation, Olympia, Washington. PACIFIC NORTHWEST FOREST AND RANGE EXPERIMENT STATION etnDTLAND. OR£00N CONTENTS Poge Introduction 7 General history .. ...... ...........................•............ 8 Production and vo lue . 10 Forms of building stone . 12 Field stone . 12 Rough building stone . 13 Rubble . • . 14 Flogging (flagstone) . 14 Ashlar . .. ......... ........ , ................. , . , . 15 Crushed stone . 16 Terrozzo . 17 Roofing granules.............. .... ..... ......... 18 Exposed aggregate . 18 Reconstituted stone . • . 19 Landscape rock . 20 Area coverage of bui Iding stone . 21 Acquisition of bui )ding stone . 22 Examination of stone deposits . 23 General quarrying methods . 24 Physical properties of building stone . 26 Strength . 26 Hardness and workabi Iity . • . 27 Color . 28 Alteration ....•...................... , ........... , . 29 Porosity and absorption ...........•. : . 31 Testing of building stone... .. .................... ................ 33 Common building stones of Washington . 34 Granite . 35 Geology and distribution . 35 Physical properties . 38 Varieties -
Marble Industry Role in the Socio Economic Development of Marble Industrial Owners of District Mohmand Federal Administered Tribal Area-Pakistan
Industrial Engineering Letters www.iiste.org ISSN 2224-6096 (Paper) ISSN 2225-0581 (online) DOI: 10.7176/IEL Vol.9, No.3, 2019 Marble Industry Role in the Socio Economic Development of Marble Industrial Owners of District Mohmand Federal Administered Tribal Area-Pakistan Sajjad Ahmad Institute of Development Studies, The University of Agriculture Peshawar Dr.Naushad Khan Institute of Development Studies, The University of Agriculture Peshawar Abstract The study was carried out in District Mohmand in August, 2018. The major objective was, to find out marble industry role in the socio-economic development of District Mohmand. The study area consists of 7 tehsils while three tehsils namely Safi, Pandiali, Khwezai Bazai were selected on the basis of more marble industries . The total number of marble industries in these tehsils were 140, Safi 40, Pandiali 48 and Khwazia Bazai 48 while all were selected for the present study. Data were collected though questionnaire while Descriptive statistic and paired T-test were used for data analysis. The mean monthly income of the respondents after marble industry was Rs.97286 and before was Rs.49843 while mean monthly expenditure after was Rs.51714 and before was Rs.39479.Similarly the mean monthly saving after marble industrial owners was found Rs.45500 and before was Rs.10786 and the school children were found more than before. Similarly the private school number was found more than before. The monthly mean expenditure on education after marble industry was found Rs.6151 and the expenditure before was Rs.4361. Subsequently the private hospitals were found more than before. -
Geology of Stone
The Geology of Stone An excerpt from the Dimension Stone Design Manual, Version VIII (May 2016) Produced and Published by the Marble Institute of America 380 East Lorain St. Oberlin, Ohio 44074 Telephone: 440-250-9222 Fax: 440-774-9222 www.naturalstoneinstitute.org © 2016 All rights reserved. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by means electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or by an information storage and retrieval system, without written permission from the Natural Stone Institute. The geology of 2.0 STONE CATEGORIES Stone 2.1 Three general rock or stone categories are recognized according to their mode of 1.0 INTRODUCTION origin. This is a genetic classification, and it not only states how and under what general 1.1 Earth is geologically classified as a “stony conditions a stone was formed, but also implies planet,” as it is entirely stone (rock) of various a general compositional range. The basic stone mineral compositions and forms, excluding its groups are: water and atmosphere. 2.1.1 Igneous rock is formed by 1.2 Earth scientists prefer the term “rock,”1 solidification (cooling) or, in some cases, by while the commercial stone industry, prefers solid-state transformation3 of molten or semi- the term “stone”.2 Both words are correct in molten material in the Earth’s upper mantle or their respective frame of reference, and for crust into crystalline rock generally consisting practical purposes, interchangeable. Every of silicates (compounds with SiO4) and some type of rock or stone is composed of one or dark-colored accessory minerals such as iron more minerals. -
Dimension Stone Masonry and Anchors 11/20/02
ITEM 10560.01 M – DIMENSION STONE MASONRY AND ANCHORS DESCRIPTION: The work shall consist of completely furnishing, placing, erecting and installing dimension stone masonry for the new Control house, the new NW gatehouse, the new NE gatehouse, the new SE gatehouse and the new Generator House. The work shall include all stone and anchors indicated on the drawings and as specified herein. Concrete work for the walls shall be specified under a separate item number. MATERIALS: Materials shall meet the material requirements of the following sections, subsections and as noted herein and as indicated in the contract plans. Dimension Stone Masonry and Stone Anchors: The dimension stone masonry and anchorage system shall consist of all dimension stone units, supports, anchors, and inserts, as indicated on the drawings. The dimension stone veneer system shall conform to the design as indicated on the drawings including locations of joints, sizes, shapes, colors and textures of the stones. All detailing including arches, keystones, quoins, sills and lintels, shall be included as part of the dimension stone masonry veneer system. Stone units shall be free from cracks and seams. Stone shall conform to the following: Marble Institute of America (MIA) National Building Quarries Association, Inc. (NBQA) American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM)-ASTM C99 The structural design shall comply with all requirements for seismic design, wind loading and thermal movement. Anchors shall conform to the following American Society of Testing Materials (ASTM) standards: ASTM A167 – Stainless and Heat-Resisting Chromium-Nickel Steel Plate, Sheet, and Strip ASTM A240 – Chromium and Chromium-Nickel Stainless Steel Plate, Sheet, and Strip for Pressure Vessels and for General Applications ASTM A82 – Steel Wire, Plain, for Concrete Reinforcement ASTM A580 – Stainless Steel Wire Anchors shall be a combination of dovetail slots, flexible ties, rigid bars, and split anchors. -
Improving Working Conditions at Chinese Natural Stone Companies
Report Improving Working nr 19 Conditions at Chinese Natural Stone Companies SwedWatch, SOMO and IHLO Improving working conditions at Chinese natural stone companies SwedWatch is a non-governmental organisation that writes reports on Swedish business rela- tions with developing countries. We write about different sectors and focus on environmental and social concerns. SwedWatch consists of five member organisations: The Swedish Society for Nature Conservation, Church of Sweden Aid, Education for Aid Activities, Friends of the Earth Sweden and Fair Trade Center. SwedWatch works in close collaboration with its counterparts in Scandinavia; FinnWatch in Finland, Norwatch in Norway and DanWatch in Denmark. SwedWatch is financed by the Swedish Development Aid Agency (Sida). However, since 007 SwedWatch has also conducted assignments for other parties such as municipalities or authorities in Sweden wanting to monitor their supply chain for certain products. The contract follow-up for the municipalities of Gothenburg, Stockholm, Malmö and Örebro is the first such assignment conducted by SwedWatch. Website www.swedwatch.org Established in 973, the Centre for Research on Multinational Corporations (SOMO) is a non- profit Dutch research and advisory bureau. SOMO investigates the consequences of multinational enterprises’ policies and the internationalisation of business worldwide. SOMO’s expertise lies in the field of international guidelines, treaties and codes of conduct for multinational enterprises, and it conducts research on compliance with related norms. Focus is placed upon research on labour conditions in the global South and cooperation with local organisations and trade unions. Website www.somo.nl Title: Improving Working Conditions at Chinese Natural Stone Companies. Authors: Kristina Bjurling, SwedWatch, Francis Weyzig, SOMO and Staphany Wong, IHLO. -
Dimension Stone
Mineral Products Association Dimension Stone An essential UK industry Purposes Introduction and summary The Mineral Products Association (MPA) is the trade association for THIS STATEMENT HAS BEEN the aggregates, asphalt, cement, concrete, dimension stone, lime, PRODUCED BY MPA MEMBERS: mortar and silica sand industries. It has a growing membership of � To help all interested parties to understand the significance, 480 companies and is the sectoral voice for the majority of mineral importance and value of the dimension products. Each year, mineral operators supply £21 billion of materials stone industry; and services to construction industry and other industries. Mineral � To help local planning authorities production represents the most significant materials flow in the UK plan positively for the future supply of dimension stone in their area; and economy and is also one of the largest manufacturing sectors. � To help all relevant organisations to Dimension stone producers are a small but Dimension stone producers often believe deliver sustainable economic growth economically significant element of the that their proposals are considered by by regulating the winning and working MPA membership. Their annual output in planning authorities in the same context as of dimension stone in a fair and the UK consistently averages over 1.0 million aggregate operations which are generally reasonable way. tonnes and in 2010 reached 2.1 million much larger. Equally, all the commercial tonnes. The market value of these materials considerations that apply to larger sites is much higher than most minerals currently are assumed to apply to dimension stone extracted and varies considerably. The market working. The sections which follow aim to value of the most skilfully-crafted products highlight the differences and also set out can be in excess of £1,000 per tonne.