Animal Fact Sheet

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ANIMAL FACT SHEET FAST FACTS Name: Bison (buffalo) Scientific family name: Bovidae Wood bison species name: Bison athabascae Plains bison species name: Bison bison Average weight: 725 kilograms Life expectancy: 20-40 years PHYSIOLOGY Bison, also known as buffalo, are very large animals with a shaggy dark brown mane. They have humped shoulders and short legs that are covered with hair. They have a long tail with a furry end, called a tuft. Their coat is extremely thick in order to keep them warm in cooler temperatures and in the summer months they shed to keep cool. Short, black horns stick out from the bison’s massive head, just above their eyes. These horns are used to defend themselves against predators. Bison’s eyesight is poor, but their hearing and sense of smell is very good. In fact, a bison can smell an animal three kilometers away. Male bison are called bulls and have large, square-shaped necks, while females have smaller, rounder necks and are referred to as bison cows. HABITAT/BEHAVIOUR Bison feed mainly on grass, plants and sometimes berries. Finding food in the winter isn’t a problem for the bison. They swing their large heads from side to side and push the snow away in order to find grass. Despite their size, bison are very fast creatures, able to run up to 55 kilometres per hour. They are also excellent swimmers, but are so buoyant that the head, hump and tail stay above the surface of the water. Bison are mostly active at night time and at dusk. RANGE Bison used to roam in herds of thousands, but are now found in much smaller groups. In North America, bison are still hunted by grizzly bears, grey wolves, and cougars. In northern Canada, they roam freely in protected areas. Today, small herds are found in northeast British Columbia, northwest Saskatchewan and the Northwest Territories. www.cgkids.ca.

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Horned Animals
Horned Animals In This Issue In this issue of Wild Wonders you will discover the differences between horns and antlers, learn about the different animals in Alaska who have horns, compare and contrast their adaptations, and discover how humans use horns to make useful and decorative items. Horns and antlers are available from local ADF&G offices or the ARLIS library for teachers to borrow. Learn more online at: alaska.gov/go/HVNC Contents Horns or Antlers! What’s the Difference? 2 Traditional Uses of Horns 3 Bison and Muskoxen 4-5 Dall’s Sheep and Mountain Goats 6-7 Test Your Knowledge 8 Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Division of Wildlife Conservation, 2018 Issue 8 1 Sometimes people use the terms horns and antlers in the wrong manner. They may say “moose horns” when they mean moose antlers! “What’s the difference?” they may ask. Let’s take a closer look and find out how antlers and horns are different from each other. After you read the information below, try to match the animals with the correct description. Horns Antlers • Made out of bone and covered with a • Made out of bone. keratin layer (the same material as our • Grow and fall off every year. fingernails and hair). • Are grown only by male members of the • Are permanent - they do not fall off every Cervid family (hoofed animals such as year like antlers do. deer), except for female caribou who also • Both male and female members in the grow antlers! Bovid family (cloven-hoofed animals such • Usually branched.
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The Mackenzie Wood Bison (Bison Bison Athabascae) C.C
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Wood Bison (Bison Bison Athabascae)
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Status Report and Assessment of Wood Bison in the NWT (2016)
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Plains Bison and Wood Bison Conservation in Canada
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The Destruction of the Bison an Environmental History, –
front.qxd 1/28/00 10:59 AM Page v The Destruction of the Bison An Environmental History, 1750–1920 ANDREW C. ISENBERG Princeton University front.qxd 1/28/00 10:59 AM Page vi published by the press syndicate of the university of cambridge The Pitt Building, Trumpington Street, Cambridge, United Kingdom cambridge university press The Edinburgh Building, Cambridge cb2 2ru, uk http://www.cup.cam.ac.uk 40 West 20th Street, New York, ny 10011-4211, usa http://www.cup.org 10 Stamford Road, Oakleigh, Melbourne 3166, Australia Ruiz de Alarcón 13, 28014 Madrid, Spain © Andrew C. Isenberg 2000 This book is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception and to the provisions of relevant collective licensing agreements, no reproduction of any part may take place without the written permission of Cambridge University Press. First published 2000 Printed in the United States of America Typeface Ehrhardt 10/12 pt. System QuarkXPress [tw] A catalog record for this book is available from the British Library. Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication data Isenberg, Andrew C. (Andrew Christian) The destruction of the bison : an environmental history, 1750–1920 / Andrew C. Isenberg. p. cm. – (Studies in environment and history) Includes index. isbn 0-521-77172-2 1. American bison. 2. American bison hunting – History. 3. Nature – Effect of human beings on – North America. I. Title. ql737.u53i834 2000 333.95´9643´0978 – dc21 99-37543 cip isbn 0 521 77172 2 hardback front.qxd 1/28/00 10:59 AM Page ix Contents Acknowledgments page xi Introduction 1 1 The Grassland Environment 13 2 The Genesis of the Nomads 31 3 The Nomadic Experiment 63 4 The Ascendancy of the Market 93 5 The Wild and the Tamed 123 6 The Returns of the Bison 164 Conclusion 193 Index 199 ix intro.qxd 1/28/00 11:00 AM Page 1 Introduction Before Europeans brought the horse to the New World, Native Americans in the Great Plains hunted bison from foot.
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Second Chance for the Plains Bison
ARTICLE IN PRESS BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION xxx (2007) xxx– xxx available at www.sciencedirect.com journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/biocon Review Second chance for the plains bison Curtis H. Freesea,*, Keith E. Auneb, Delaney P. Boydc, James N. Derrd, Steve C. Forresta, C. Cormack Gatese, Peter J.P. Goganf, Shaun M. Grasselg, Natalie D. Halbertd, Kyran Kunkelh, Kent H. Redfordi aNorthern Great Plains Program, World Wildlife Fund, P.O. Box 7276, Bozeman, MT 59771, USA bMontana Fish, Wildlife & Parks, 1420 E 6th Avenue, Helena, MT 59620, USA cP.O. Box 1101, Redcliff, AB, Canada T0J 2P0 dDepartment of Veterinary Pathobiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-4467, USA eFaculty of Environmental Design, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada T6G 2E1 fUSGS Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center, P.O. Box 173492, Bozeman, MT 59717-3492, USA gLower Brule Sioux Tribe, Department of Wildlife, Fish and Recreation, P.O. Box 246, Lower Brule, SD 57548, USA hNorthern Great Plains Program, World Wildlife Fund, 1875 Gateway South, Gallatin Gateway, MT 59730, USA iWCS Institute, Wildlife Conservation Society, 2300 Southern Blvd., Bronx, NY 10460, USA ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Article history: Before European settlement the plains bison (Bison bison bison) numbered in the tens of mil- Received 30 July 2006 lions across most of the temperate region of North America. Within the span of a few dec- Received in revised form ades during the mid- to late-1800s its numbers were reduced by hunting and other factors 12 November 2006 to a few hundred. The plight of the plains bison led to one of the ﬁrst major movements in Accepted 27 November 2006 North America to save an endangered species.
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Petition to List Plains Bison As Threatened Under the ESA. James A
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Alaska Wood Bison Reintroduction Fact Sheet
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Plains Bison Bison Bison Bison
COSEWIC Assessment and Status Report on the Plains Bison Bison bison bison in Canada THREATENED 2004 COSEWIC COSEPAC COMMITTEE ON THE STATUS OF COMITÉ SUR LA SITUATION ENDANGERED WILDLIFE DES ESPÈCES EN PÉRIL IN CANADA AU CANADA COSEWIC status reports are working documents used in assigning the status of wildlife species suspected of being at risk. This report may be cited as follows: COSEWIC 2004. COSEWIC assessment and status report on the plains bison Bison bison bison in Canada. Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada. Ottawa. vi + 71 pp. (www.sararegistry.gc.ca/status/status_e.cfm). Production note: COSEWIC would like to acknowledge Greg Wilson and Keri Zittlau for writing the status report on the plains bison Bison bison bison in Canada prepared under contract with Environment Canada. The report was overseen and edited by Marco Festa-Bianchet, the COSEWIC Terrestrial Mammals Species Specialist Co-chair. COSEWIC would like to acknowledge Parks Canada for providing partial funding for the preparation of this report. For additional copies contact: COSEWIC Secretariat c/o Canadian Wildlife Service Environment Canada Ottawa, ON K1A 0H3 Tel.: (819) 997-4991 / (819) 953-3215 Fax: (819) 994-3684 E-mail: COSEWIC/[email protected] http://www.cosewic.gc.ca Ếgalement disponible en français sous le titre Ếvaluation et Rapport de situation du COSEPAC sur le bison des prairies (Bison bison bison) au Canada. Cover illustration: Plains bison — Illustration by Wes Olson. Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada 2004 Catalogue No. CW69-14/379-2004E-PDF ISBN 0-662-37298-0 HTML: CW69-14/379-2004E-HTML 0-662-37299-9 Recycled paper COSEWIC Assessment Summary Assessment Summary – May 2004 Common name Plains bison Scientific name Bison bison bison Status Threatened Reason for designation There are currently about 700 mature bison of this subspecies in three free-ranging herds and about 250 semi- captive mature bison in Elk Island National Park.
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Wood Bison Restoration in Alaska: a Review of Environmental and Regulatory Issues and Proposed Decisions for Project Implementation
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