Redalyc.Mapeando Iniciativas Territoriais Saudáveis, Suas
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Ciência & Saúde Coletiva ISSN: 1413-8123 [email protected] Associação Brasileira de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Coletiva Brasil Machado Freire, Maria do Socorro; de Senna Salles, Rosane Paula; Pereira Franco de Sá, Ronice Maria Mapeando iniciativas territoriais saudáveis, suas características e evidências de efetividade Ciência & Saúde Coletiva, vol. 21, núm. 6, junio, 2016, pp. 1757-1766 Associação Brasileira de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Coletiva Rio de Janeiro, Brasil Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=63046187009 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative DOI: 10.1590/1413-81232015216.08172016 1757 A mapping of ‘healthy territory’ initiatives, ARTICLE their characteristics and effectiveness Maria do Socorro Machado Freire 1 Rosane Paula de Senna Salles 1 Ronice Maria Pereira Franco de Sá 1 Abstract This paper is part of an excerpt from a study made in eight of the States of the Northeast of Brazil. Its purpose was to map initiatives tak- en by health organizations of cities, municipali- ties and communities; to become aware of their mechanisms of operation; and to acquire evidence of their effectiveness, and the characteristics of their key players. Information was collected by internet, telephone, and contact with government and non-government bodies of these Northeastern states. After this collection of data at distance, lo- cal visits were made to find out more about each initiative. During the visit a timeline of the ac- tivity was recorded, working with local partici- pants. After recording of key information sources, semi-structured interviews were held, and docu- ments analyzed. Under the name of ‘healthy mu- nicipality, city or community’, specific initiatives were highlighted in the State of Pernambuco, part of a network that has existed since 2006 and which has been maintained in spite of political and/or administrative changes at both local and State level. Key factors indicated for the effectiveness of the actions in the 23 municipalities were: support 1 Núcleo de Saúde Pública of the university; strong engagement of local lead- e Desenvolvimento Social, erships; and participation of social movements. Universidade Federal de Pernambuco. Av. Prof. Key words Health promotion, Healthy cities, Moraes Rêgo s/n/HC/Bl. Networks, Sustainability of programs E/4°, Cidade Universitária. 50670-901. Recife PE Brasil.socorromfreire@ gmail.com 1758 et al. Freire MSM Freire Introduction effectiveness, rather than exactitude in objective, direct indicators, thus showing the importance The purpose of this paper is to contribute to the of the subject and of the search for evidence that field of Health Promotion in relation to forma- would make it possible to expand and reproduce tion of the concept of what healthy cities are, and the successful experiences, and learn from those draw conclusions on indicators that will charac- that were not successful4-6. terize a healthy city/municipality in Brazil. It re- This view of the subject covers the outlook of lates to the partial analysis of a survey financed by acting on the social determinacy of health, which a Health Ministry tender, executed by investiga- presupposes recognizing equity as a fundamental tors of the Public Health and Social Development principal in the formulation of public policies, Center of the Federal University of Pernambuco in the defense of fair distribution of power and – NUSP/UFPE, in the period 2013–2014. resources of every type to favor accessibility to The survey’s main aim was to identify the ev- goods and services, making it possible to ensure idences of effectiveness of mechanisms of operat- diversity of ethnicity, gender, sexual orientation ing the social agendas of healthy and sustainable and culture7. Cities, Municipalities and Communities in deal- It is also anchored on the possibility of cre- ing with the social determinants of health and ating networks of recovery, and convergences the promotion of sustainable development in the to the advocacy of health promotion and in the Northeast of Brazil. need for articulation of the agendas of the social The World Health Organization defines a movements, events and documents/statements healthy city not only as a city with a high level that have taken place all over the world and of health, measured by indicators of wellness and converge toward recognition of health as a fun- mortality, but a city committed to the produc- damental component for the construction and tion of health of its citizens; a social development evaluation of countries and public policies that project, that has health and its multiple determi- are focused on sustainable human development. nants as a center of attention. This movement This is a context for consideration of the Hel- gives rise to the establishment of urban policies sinki Statement on Health in All Policies, which directed toward improvement of quality of life, puts forward as essential the articulation of inter- with emphasis on inter-sectoriality and social national agendas in Health Promotion, Sustain- participation1. The movement for healthy cities able Development, Healthy Cities/Municipalities, was born with its focus on what is now referred with national agendas. Based on the recognition to as urban health and with an eye for the devel- that health is the biggest target of governments, oped countries, and its name has been adapted and the cornerstone of sustainable development8, to the context of Latin America, where it is now that the challenge of health promotion in Latin known as the Movement for Healthy Municipal- America consists of reconciling economic interests ities2. with the social purposes of wellbeing for all, and In its history, the concept of Healthy Munici- also to work for solidarity and social equity, as in- palities, based on the prerequisites and guidelines dispensable conditions for health and development, of health promotion, has modified, and new in- there arises the recognition that it is essential to tervention strategies are in the process of devel- promote the dialogue between health, economics opment, opening scope for the issues that begin and sustainable development, having socio-envi- to occupy the local agendas such as poverty, vi- ronmental justice as the point of view9. olence, the environment and associative charac- Looking at this from the territorial perspec- teristics, in considering their effects on the health tive is also important, since it is vital for the sus- conditions of the population3. These aspects con- tainability, equity and quality of life that result tribute to programs and initiatives being increas- from actions of health promotion and Healthy ingly complex, including various partnerships, Municipalities. Some studies in this field10-12 have players and contacts. discussed the need to look at the territory that is One of the great challenges in the field of lived in, as the locus for making inter-sectoriality Assessment in Health Promotion and of healthy operational, and give a voice to the people who cities was the difficulty in measuring principles, live there, who have their desires and resolve their values and actions that go outside the health problems there, and also the already existing, and sector. These are complex, open interventions, emerging, social networks, based on the demands and for this reason the main disseminators of and complexities of the territory, the location or the movement agreed to seek overall evidence of the region. 1759 Ciência & Saúde Coletiva, 21(6):1757-1766, 2016 21(6):1757-1766, Coletiva, & Saúde Ciência It is known from one recent study13 that in the workshop Weaving of Knowledge – the Con- the Northeast of Brazil there have already been versation with the World. At the invitation of the various Healthy Municipality initiatives since the DSAST (Environmental and Workers’ Health In- 1990s, in the States of Rio Grande do Norte, Ala- spectorate) of the Health Ministry, the technical goas, Paraíba and Ceará. However, after a study team took part in a methodology workshop and in eight of the nine States (Piauí was not visited) a visit to the project Sustainable Territories, pro- of the region, we confirm the highlight position motion of equity and health in traditional commu- of the Pernambuco State Healthy Municipalities nities of the Bocaina Mosaic – Brasília and Rio de Network (Rede Pernambucana de Municípios Janeiro, coordinated by Edmundo Gallo11, with Saudáveis, or RPMS),comprising 24municipal- the purpose of sharing knowledge and deepen- ities throughout all the regions of the State of ing designs for research in healthy and sustain- Pernambuco. able territories and communities. As well as carrying out a mapping of the ini- We made a bibliographical review on the sub- tiatives that exist in the Northeastern region, the ject, with a cataloguing of the projects that were studies sought to identify structuring axes, mech- financed by the National Health Promotion Net- anisms of operationalization and articulation, work of the Health Ministry (a branch of the Sus- critical factors and responsible and/or qualified tainable Development, Violence Prevention and players for taking part in the initiatives in Per- Peace Culture Unit), Health Ministry Projects, a nambuco, in the ambit of the RPMS. The expec- document of the