Surgical Treatment of Urinary Incontinence in Men
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Interstitial Cystitis/Painful Bladder Syndrome
What I need to know about Interstitial Cystitis/Painful Bladder Syndrome U.S. Department of Health and Human Services National Kidney and Urologic Diseases NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH Information Clearinghouse What I need to know about Interstitial Cystitis/Painful Bladder Syndrome U.S. Department of Health and Human Services National Kidney and Urologic Diseases NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH Information Clearinghouse Contents What is interstitial cystitis/painful bladder syndrome (IC/PBS)? ............................................... 1 What are the signs of a bladder problem? ............ 2 What causes bladder problems? ............................ 3 Who gets IC/PBS? ................................................... 4 What tests will my doctor use for diagnosis of IC/PBS? ............................................................... 5 What treatments can help IC/PBS? ....................... 7 Points to Remember ............................................. 14 Hope through Research........................................ 15 Pronunciation Guide ............................................. 16 For More Information .......................................... 17 Acknowledgments ................................................. 18 What is interstitial cystitis/painful bladder syndrome (IC/PBS)? Interstitial cystitis*/painful bladder syndrome (IC/PBS) is one of several conditions that causes bladder pain and a need to urinate frequently and urgently. Some doctors have started using the term bladder pain syndrome (BPS) to describe this condition. Your bladder is a balloon-shaped organ where your body holds urine. When you have a bladder problem, you may notice certain signs or symptoms. *See page 16 for tips on how to say the words in bold type. 1 What are the signs of a bladder problem? Signs of bladder problems include ● Urgency. The feeling that you need to go right now! Urgency is normal if you haven’t been near a bathroom for a few hours or if you have been drinking a lot of fluids. -
EAU Guidelines on Bladder Stones 2019
EAU Guidelines on Bladder Stones C. Türk (Chair), A. Skolarikos (Vice-chair), J.F. Donaldson, A. Neisius, A. Petrik, C. Seitz, K. Thomas Guidelines Associate: Y. Ruhayel © European Association of Urology 2019 TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE 1. INTRODUCTION 3 1.1 Aims and Scope 3 1.2 Panel Composition 3 1.3 Available Publications 3 1.4 Publication History and Summary of Changes 3 1.4.1 Publication History 3 2. METHODS 3 2.1 Data Identification 3 2.2 Review 4 3. GUIDELINES 4 3.1 Prevalence, aetiology and risk factors 4 3.2 Diagnostic evaluation 4 3.2.1 Diagnostic investigations 5 3.3 Disease Management 5 3.3.1 Conservative treatment and Indications for active stone removal 5 3.3.2 Medical management of bladder stones 5 3.3.3 Bladder stone interventions 5 3.3.3.1 Suprapubic cystolithotomy 5 3.3.3.2 Transurethral cystolithotripsy 5 3.3.3.2.1 Transurethral cystolithotripsy in adults: 5 3.3.3.2.2 Transurethral cystolithotripsy in children: 6 3.3.3.3 Percutaneous cystolithotripsy 6 3.3.3.3.1 Percutaneous cystolithotripsy in adults: 6 3.3.3.3.2 Percutaneous cystolithotripsy in children: 6 3.3.3.4 Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (SWL) 6 3.3.3.4.1 SWL in Adults 6 3.3.3.4.2 SWL in Children 6 3.3.4 Treatment for bladder stones secondary to bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) in adult men 7 3.3.5 Urinary tract reconstructions and special situations 7 3.3.5.1 Neurogenic bladder 7 3.3.5.2 Bladder augmentation 7 3.3.5.3 Urinary diversions 7 4. -
(Part 1): Management of Male Urethral Stricture Disease
EURURO-9412; No. of Pages 11 E U R O P E A N U R O L O G Y X X X ( 2 0 2 1 ) X X X – X X X ava ilable at www.sciencedirect.com journa l homepage: www.europeanurology.com Review – Reconstructive Urology European Association of Urology Guidelines on Urethral Stricture Disease (Part 1): Management of Male Urethral Stricture Disease a, b c d Nicolaas Lumen *, Felix Campos-Juanatey , Tamsin Greenwell , Francisco E. Martins , e f a c g Nadir I. Osman , Silke Riechardt , Marjan Waterloos , Rachel Barratt , Garson Chan , h i a j Francesco Esperto , Achilles Ploumidis , Wesley Verla , Konstantinos Dimitropoulos a b Division of Urology, Gent University Hospital, Gent, Belgium; Urology Department, Marques de Valdecilla University Hospital, Santander, Spain; c d Department of Urology, University College London Hospital, London, UK; Department of Urology, Santa Maria University Hospital, University of Lisbon, e f Lisbon, Portugal; Department of Urology, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals, Sheffield, UK; Department of Urology, University Medical Center Hamburg- g h Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Division of Urology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada; Department of Urology, Campus Biomedico i j University of Rome, Rome, Italy; Department of Urology, Athens Medical Centre, Athens, Greece; Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen, UK Article info Abstract Article history: Objective: To present a summary of the 2021 version of the European Association of Urology (EAU) guidelines on management of male urethral stricture disease. Accepted May 15, 2021 Evidence acquisition: The panel performed a literature review on these topics covering a time frame between 2008 and 2018, and used predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria Associate Editor: for the literature to be selected. -
UIJ Urotoday International Journal® the Short-Term Outcome of Urethral Stricture Disease Management in HIV and Non-HIV Infected Patients: a Comparative Study
UIJ UroToday International Journal® The Short-Term Outcome of Urethral Stricture Disease Management in HIV and Non-HIV Infected Patients: A Comparative Study Mohamed Awny Labib, Michael Silumbe, Kasonde Bowa Submitted April 30, 2012 - Accepted for Publication December 27, 2012 ABSTRACT Purpose: This study intends to compare short-term outcomes of treatment of urethral stricture disease between human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) seropositive and HIV seronegative patients at the University Teaching Hospital (UTH) in Lusaka. Methods: This was a prospective cohort study conducted on patients presenting with urethral stricture disease at the UTH, Lusaka, Zambia, between October 2009 and December 2010. One arm included HIV seropositive patients and the other arm had HIV seronegative patients. The recruited patients underwent urethral dilatation, anastomotic urethroplasty, and staged urethroplasty. They were followed-up postoperatively for 6 months, and recurrence and complication rates were compared between the 2 groups. Other parameters studied included patient demographics, cluster of differentiation (CD4) cell counts in positive patients, HIV World Health Organization (WHO) stages, stricture etiology, stricture sites, and stricture lengths. The collected data was analyzed using SPSS 16. Results: A total of 71 patients with a mean age of 38.04 years who had urethral stricture disease were recruited for this study. Of the patients, 37% (26) were HIV seropositive while 63% (45) were seronegative, and 53.8% (14) of the seropositive patients were on highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Of the urethral strictures, 45% (32) resulted from urethritis, and the prevalence of HIV in patients presenting with post-urethritis stricture disease was 50% (16/32). Of the strictures, 73.2% (N = 52) were located in the bulbar urethra, 19.7% (N = 14) were in the penile urethra, and 5.6% (N = 4) were located in the membranous urethra. -
Patient Information Bladder Stones Department of Urology
Patient Information Bladder Stones Department of Urology __________________________________________________________________ Introduction The bladder allows urine to be stored until full and squeezes when you pass urine (urination) allowing it to expel all the urine within it. The waste products in urine can form into crystals in the bladder causing bladder stones to form. Problems can arise if these crystals become too large to be passed out when you urinate or become stuck in the water pipe (urethra). Symptoms Stones in the bladder may not be detected for some time unless they start to cause urinary symptoms - frequently passing urine, blood in the urine, needing to get to the toilet urgently and urine infections. If left, bladder stones can irritate the bladder and cause incontinence (leakage of urine). A stone can get stuck in the urethra and block the emptying of the bladder or the flow of urine may suddenly stop midway. This can cause pain in the back or hips, the tip of the penis or scrotum in men, or the perineum (area between the vagina and the anus) in women. The pain may be dull or sharp and can be made worse by sudden movements and exercise. Causes Change in the acidity of the urine can be enough to make a stone form – a change in acidity is often triggered by an incorrect diet or by not drinking enough fluids. Stagnation of urine in the bladder - diverticulum (a structural abnormality of the bladder), stricture (narrowing in the urethra) and enlargement of the prostate gland can all lead to varying amounts of urine being left in the bladder after urination. -
Lesions of the Female Urethra: a Review
Please do not remove this page Lesions of the Female Urethra: a Review Heller, Debra https://scholarship.libraries.rutgers.edu/discovery/delivery/01RUT_INST:ResearchRepository/12643401980004646?l#13643527750004646 Heller, D. (2015). Lesions of the Female Urethra: a Review. In Journal of Gynecologic Surgery (Vol. 31, Issue 4, pp. 189–197). Rutgers University. https://doi.org/10.7282/T3DB8439 This work is protected by copyright. You are free to use this resource, with proper attribution, for research and educational purposes. Other uses, such as reproduction or publication, may require the permission of the copyright holder. Downloaded On 2021/09/29 23:15:18 -0400 Heller DS Lesions of the Female Urethra: a Review Debra S. Heller, MD From the Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ Address Correspondence to: Debra S. Heller, MD Dept of Pathology-UH/E158 Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School 185 South Orange Ave Newark, NJ, 07103 Tel 973-972-0751 Fax 973-972-5724 [email protected] There are no conflicts of interest. The entire manuscript was conceived of and written by the author. Word count 3754 1 Heller DS Precis: Lesions of the female urethra are reviewed. Key words: Female, urethral neoplasms, urethral lesions 2 Heller DS Abstract: Objectives: The female urethra may become involved by a variety of conditions, which may be challenging to providers who treat women. Mass-like urethral lesions need to be distinguished from other lesions arising from the anterior(ventral) vagina. Methods: A literature review was conducted. A Medline search was used, using the terms urethral neoplasms, urethral diseases, and female. -
Surgical Treatment of Urinary Incontinence in Men
CHAPTER 19 Committee 15 Surgical Treatment of Urinary Incontinence in Men Chairman S. HERSCHORN (CANADA) Co-Chair J. THUROFF (GERMANY) Members H. BRUSCHINI (BRAZIL), P. G RISE (FRANCE), T. HANUS (CZECH REPUBLIC), H. KAKIZAKI (JAPAN), R. KIRSCHNER-HERMANNS (GERMANY), V. N ITTI (USA), E. SCHICK (CANADA) 1241 CONTENTS IX. CONTINUING PEDIATRIC I. INTRODUCTION AND SUMMARY PROBLEMS INTO ADULTHOOD: THE EXSTROPHY-EPISPADIAS COMPLEX II. EVALUATION PRIOR TO SURGICAL THERAPY X. DETRUSOR OVERACTIVITY AND REDUCED BLADDER CAPACITY III. INCONTINENCE AFTER RADICAL PROSTATECTOMY FOR PROSTATE CANCER XI. URETHROCUTANEOUS AND RECTOURETHRAL FISTULAE IV. INCONTINENCE AFTER XII. THE ARTIFICIAL URINARY PROSTATECTOMY FOR BENIGN SPHINCTER (AUS) DISEASE V. SURGERY FOR INCONTINENCE XIII. NEW TECHNOLOGY IN ELDERLY MEN XIV. SUMMARY AND VI. INCONTINENCE AFTER RECOMMENDATIONS EXTERNAL BEAM RADIOTHERAPY ALONE AND IN COMBINATION WITH SURGERY FOR PROSTATE REFERENCES CANCER VIII. TRAUMATIC INJURIES OF THE URETHRA AND PELVIC FLOOR 1242 Surgical Treatment of Urinary Incontinence in Men S. HERSCHORN, J. THUROFF H. BRUSCHINI, P. GRISE, T. HANUS, H. KAKIZAKI, R. KIRSCHNER-HERMANNS, V. N ITTI, E. SCHICK ry, other pelvic operations and trauma is a particular- I. INTRODUCTION AND SUMMARY ly challenging problem because of tissue damage outside the lower urinary tract. The artificial sphinc- ter implant is the most widely used surgical procedu- Surgery for male incontinence is an important aspect re but complications may be more likely than in of treatment with the changing demographics of other areas and other surgical approaches may be society and the continuing large numbers of men necessary. Unresolved problems from the pediatric undergoing surgery for prostate cancer. age group and patients with refractory incontinence Basic evaluation of the patient is similar to other from overactive bladders may demand a variety of areas of incontinence and includes primarily a clini- complex reconstructive surgical procedures. -
Obstructive Uropathy in Children – an Update RANJIT RANJAN ROY1, MD FIROZ ANJUM2, SHAHANA FERDOUS3
BANGLADESH J CHILD HEALTH 2017; VOL 41 (2): 110-116 Obstructive Uropathy in Children – An Update RANJIT RANJAN ROY1, MD FIROZ ANJUM2, SHAHANA FERDOUS3 Abstract: Obstructive nephropathy is a structural or functional hindrance of normal urine flow, sometimes leading to renal dysfunction. Urinary tract obstruction can result from congenital (anatomic) lesion or can be caused by trauma, neoplasia, calculi, inflammation or surgical procedures, although most childhood obstructive lesions are congenital.The clinical features in most of the patients are due to consequences of the obstruction2. Obstruction of the urinary tract generally causeshydronephrosis, which is typically asymptomatic in its early phase. Renal USG gives information about urinary tract dilatation, renal cortical thickness, calyx size, diameter of pelvis, ureter, bladder thickness, tumor & calculi and doppler USG for evaluation of aberrentvessles. Once obstructive nephropathy has been identified therapy focuses on the rapid restoration of normal urine flow either by medical or surgical intervention. Key words: Obstructive Uropathy, Posterior urethral valve, pyelonephritis, IVU, MCU Introduction: urinary tract obstruction impairs renal growth & Urinary tract obstruction refers to as restriction to the development.1 The approach to obstructive urinary outflow that if not managed satisfactorily, leads nephropathy should be to detect site of obstruction, to progressive renal damage. Obstructive uropathy is to find out whether obstruction is complete or partial, an important cause of end stage renal disease unilateral or bilateral, to findthe cause of obstruction requiring renal replacement therapy.1 The kidney is and to decide need forsurgery and to plan the medical an indispensable organ for maintaining homeostasis. treatment.4 The renal system plays diverse role including hormonogenesis, metabolism, detoxification & Etiology: excretion of urine which contains agents that may be Urinary tract obstruction can result from congenital injurious to the body. -
The Ureteritis Cystica
Case Report TheScientificWorldJOURNAL (2004) 4 (S1), 175–178 ISSN 1537-744X; DOI 10.1100/tsw.2004.65 A Rare Condition: The Ureteritis Cystica Süleyman Kýlýç1, Semih Yaşar Sargin3, Ali Günes1, Deniz Ipek1, Can Baydinç1, and M. Tayfun Altinok2 Departments of Urology1 and Radiology2; Inonu Universitesi Tip Fakultesi, Turgut Ozal Tip Merkezi, Uroloji AD, Elazig Yolu 9. Km, 44069, Malatya, Turkiye; 3Department of Urology, Yüksek İhtisas Hospital, Ankara, Turkey E-mails: [email protected]; [email protected] Previously published in the Digital Urology Journal DOMAIN: urology CASE PRESENTATIONS Case One In November 1997, a 65-year-old woman was admitted with a complaint of stress urinary incontinence for 2 years. Dysuria, hematuria, and any systemic illness were not noted in her medical history. Physical examination revealed only grade-2 cystocele. Bonney and cotton swab tests were positive. 8-10 erythrocytes and 2-3 leucocytes per high-power field were detected by urine analysis. No bacterial growth was established at midstream urine culture. Blood levels of urea, creatinine, uric acid, and electrolytes were within normal limits. The ultrasonography (USG) of the kidneys and bladder was normal. IVP showed 3 and 4 filling defects in the left and right ureters respectively (Figures 1 and 2). A computerized tomography of the abdomen and pelvis demonstrated an intraluminal lesion in the proximal part of the right ureter that covered the lumen incompletely. A multichannel cystometry confirmed the pure stress incontinence. Cytology findings of selective urine specimens collected from both ureters under local anesthesia were negative for atypical cells. Bilateral rigid ureteroscopies were performed under general anesthesia. -
Urinary Retention in Adults: Diagnosis and Initial Management Brian A
Urinary Retention in Adults: Diagnosis and Initial Management BRIAN a. SELIUS, DO, and rAJESH SUBEDI, MD, Northeastern Ohio Universities College of Medicine, St. Elizabeth Health Center, Youngstown, Ohio Urinary retention is the inability to voluntarily void urine. This condition can be acute or chronic. Causes of urinary retention are numerous and can be classified as obstructive, infectious and inflammatory, pharmacologic, neuro- logic, or other. The most common cause of urinary retention is benign prostatic hyperplasia. Other common causes include prostatitis, cystitis, urethritis, and vulvovaginitis; receiving medications in the anticholinergic and alpha- adrenergic agonist classes; and cortical, spinal, or peripheral nerve lesions. Obstructive causes in women often involve the pelvic organs. A thorough history, physical examination, and selected diagnostic testing should determine the cause of urinary retention in most cases. Initial management includes bladder catheterization with prompt and com- plete decompression. Men with acute urinary retention from benign prostatic hyperplasia have an increased chance of returning to normal voiding if alpha blockers are started at the time of catheter insertion. Suprapubic catheteriza- tion may be superior to urethral catheterization for short-term management and silver alloy-impregnated urethral catheters have been shown to reduce urinary tract infection. Patients with chronic urinary retention from neurogenic bladder should be able to manage their condition with clean, intermittent self-catheterization; low-friction catheters have shown benefit in these patients. Definitive management of urinary retention will depend on the etiology and may include surgical and medical treatments. (Am Fam Physician. 2008;77(5):643-650. Copyright © 2008 American Academy of Family Physicians.) rinary retention is the inabil- physician to make an accurate diagnosis ity to voluntarily urinate. -
Microhematuria and Urinary Tract Infections
1/30/2018 MICROHEMATURIA AND URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS ANEESA HUSAIN, PA-C USMD CANCER CENTER ARLINGTON - UROLOGY I HAVE NO FINANCIAL DISCLOSURES THAT WOULD BE A POTENTIAL CONFLICT OF INTEREST WITH THIS PRESENTATION. MICROHEMATURIA TOPICS OF DISCUSSION • DEFINITION • HISTORY • PHYSICAL EXAM • DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSES • WORK UP • TREATMENT • WHEN TO REFER? 1 1/30/2018 MICROHEMATURIA DEFINED AS.. • ≥3 RBCs per HPF (HIGH POWER FIELD) ON URINE MICROSCOPY • SHOULD NOT BASE SOLELY ON ONE DIPSTICK READING • CAN CORRELATE TO DIPSTICK URINE ANALYSIS • TRACE, SMALL, MODERATE, LARGE https://www.auanet.org/guidelines/asymptomatic-microhematuria-(2012-reviewed-and-validity-confirmed-2016) MICROHEMATURIA TOP DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSES • UTI/PROSTATITIS • KIDNEY STONES • URINARY TRACT OBSTRUCTION • URINARY TRACT MALIGNANCY • NEPHROLOGIC SOURCES MICROHEMATURIA HISTORY • NEW DIAGNOSIS OF MICROHEMATURIA? • PRIOR HISTORY OF GROSS OR MICROHEMATURIA? • PRIOR WORK UP • COMORBIDITIES • PELVIC RADIATION • SURGICAL HISTORY • FOR WOMEN, ASK ABOUT MENSES AND/OR MENOPAUSE • ANTICOAGULATION OR BLOOD THINNERS • SYMPTOMS 2 1/30/2018 MICROHEMATURIA HISTORY - SYMPTOMS • DYSURIA • FREQUENCY • URGENCY • DIFFICULTY VOIDING • INCONTINENCE – PAD USAGE • ABDOMINAL OR BACK PAIN • PERINEAL PAIN MICROHEMATURIA PHYSICAL EXAM • ABDOMINAL EXAM • CVA/FLANK TENDERNESS • GU EXAM • MALE – CONSIDER MEATAL STENOSIS, BALANITIS, TESTICULAR PAIN, PROSTATITIS, PROSTATE ENLARGEMENT • FEMALE – CONSIDER VAGINAL BLEEDING, YEAST INFECTION, ATROPHIC VAGINITIS MICROHEMATURIA DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSES • UTI/PROSTATITIS -
Investigation of the Neurogenic Bladder
6 6Journal ofNeurology, Neurosurgery, anid Psychiatry 1996;60:6-13 J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry: first published as 10.1136/jnnp.60.1.6 on 1 January 1996. Downloaded from NEUROLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS Investigation of the neurogenic bladder Clare J Fowler Methods of examination which have been analogue signals but with the advances in used to investigate the neurogenic bladder electronics and development of microchip include tests of bladder function, so-called technology the machines have become pro- "urodynamics", and neurophysiological tests gressively more complex, more "intelligent", of sphincter and pelvic floor innervation. A and mostly easier to use. Today measured possible consequence of a neurogenic bladder is pressures are digitised allowing on line, real damage to the upper urinary tract but the time computer analysis of signals. investigation of such complications is essen- During the development of urodynamics an tially urological and is only briefly mentioned important advance came with the introduction in this review. of facilities to record pressure measurements superimposed on the fluoroscopic appearances of the bladder, a "videocystometrogram". History of the development of This combination provides a complete picture investigations of the behaviour of the bladder both during URODYNAMICS filling and emptying although it is expensive The term "urodynamics" encompasses any and exposes the patient to x rays. Much can be investigation of urinary tract function although learnt from simple cystometry alone and it is it is often used colloquially as a synonym for this investigation which is now a standard cystometry. Cystometry, the measurement of facility in almost every district general hospital bladder pressure, has been the main tool used with a urology department.