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(Cyperaceae), a New Species from Northeastern North America, with a Key to Carex Sect. Phyllostachys Author(S): Paul M

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(Cyperaceae), a New Species from Northeastern North America, with a Key to Carex Sect. Phyllostachys Author(S): Paul M Carex juniperorum (Cyperaceae), a New Species from Northeastern North America, with a Key to Carex sect. Phyllostachys Author(s): Paul M. Catling, Anton A. Reznicek, William J. Crins Source: Systematic Botany, Vol. 18, No. 3 (Jul. - Sep., 1993), pp. 496-501 Published by: American Society of Plant Taxonomists Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/2419421 . Accessed: 05/07/2011 10:07 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use, available at . http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp. JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use provides, in part, that unless you have obtained prior permission, you may not download an entire issue of a journal or multiple copies of articles, and you may use content in the JSTOR archive only for your personal, non-commercial use. Please contact the publisher regarding any further use of this work. Publisher contact information may be obtained at . http://www.jstor.org/action/showPublisher?publisherCode=aspt. Each copy of any part of a JSTOR transmission must contain the same copyright notice that appears on the screen or printed page of such transmission. JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. American Society of Plant Taxonomists is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Systematic Botany. http://www.jstor.org SystematicBotany (1993), 18(3): pp. 496-501 ? Copyright 1993 by the American Society of Plant Taxonomists Carex juniperorum (Cyperaceae), a New Species fromNortheastern North America, with a Key to Carex sect. Phyllostachys PAUL M. CATLING BiosystematicsResearch Centre, AgricultureCanada, Wm. Saunders Building, C.E.F., Ottawa, Ontario KlA 0C6, Canada ANTON A. REZNICEK Universityof Michigan Herbarium, North UniversityBuilding, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109 WILLIAM J. CRINS Ontario Ministryof Natural Resources, P.O. Box 9000, Huntsville, Ontario POA 1KO, Canada ABSTRACT. Carex juniperorum, a distinctivenew species of sect. Phyllostachys,is described. Carex juniperorumoccurs in shallow, calcareous soil in open red-cedarwoodland and associated glades in Ontario, Ohio, and Kentucky.Section Phyllostachysis lectotypifiedand a key is provided forthe six known species. Carexjuniperorum is most closely related to C. jamesiiand C. willdenowiibut differs fromboth of these species by its shorterculms 2-6.5 cm tall, shorterperigynium beaks 1.4-2.1 mm long, and pistillate scales lacking hyaline margins. Mackenzie (1935) noted that Carex L. sect. While studying the composition of the veg- Phyllostachys(J. Carey) L. H. Bailey (as sect. etation of red-cedar (Juniperusvirginiana L.) "Phyllostachyeae")consists of "four species of woodlands surrounding alvar openings on the dry woodlands, exclusively confined to North Napanee limestone plain of southeastern On- America,north of Mexico" and commentedfur- tario, several specimens of a cespitose sedge ther that it is "a very stronglymarked group." clearly belonging in Carex sect. Phyllostachys Mackenzie's comments hold true except that were found. These plants, however, differed fivespecies are now known; the fourMackenzie fromthe other species of the section present in treated,C. willdenowiiWilld., C. jamesiiSchwein., Ontario (C. backii,C. jamesii,and C. willdenowii), C. backiiBoott, and C. saximontanaMack., as well and also could not be placed with any other as C. latebracteataWaterfall (1954). known species of this section. The affinityof The section is certainly "strongly marked." these distinctive plants was clearly with the Striking diagnostic features such as the folia- group of species including C. jamesii and C. ceous pistillatescales and the few-flowered,sol- willdenowii,as definedby Crins (1990). Similarly itary,androgynous spikes on basal peduncles distinctplants were also found in Ohio by A. which are strongly dilated at the apex (Crins W. Cusick. Here we present the results of a 1990) imparta unique appearance to the group. morphological and distributionalstudy of these The section is not obviously closely related to distinctive plants resulting in the description any other group of Carex and is apparently co- of a new species. hesive and natural. In a phylogenetic analysis, Crins (1990) showed that the section could be MATERIALS AND METHODS divided into two groups of species: one, con- sisting of C. backii,C. saximontana,and C. late- More accurateinformation on the habitatand bracteatacharacterized by wide leaves, few sta- range was needed since the Napanee limestone minate flowers,wide pistillatescales, and thick, plain of eastern Ontario is not a region known clavate stigmas,the other,consisting of C. james- for endemics. Following the discovery of the ii and C. willdenowiicharacterized by narrow Ontario population and an indication that sim- leaves, numerous staminate flowers, narrow ilar plants occur in Ohio, we checked compa- pistillate scales, and thin, flexuous stigmas. rable habitats(edges of natural openings where 496 19931 CATLING ET AL.: CAREX 497 the soil was a shallow clay over limestone rock) and their distinctive features clearly justified in both areas and in the region between these recognitionof the new species proposed below. two occurrences,and to the north.In addition, The following key summarizes distinctions many herbaria were searched, including BKL, among the species in the section and is the first CAN, DAO, GH, HAM, MICH, MO, MU, NY, key to the entiresection since Mackenzie (1935). NYS, TRT, TRTE, UBC, US, and VDB. A key to the species of the sect. Phyllostachysand a dis- KEY AND TAXONOMIC TREATMENT tributionmap of the new taxon were prepared based on examination of these herbarium ma- Carex sect. Phyllostachys (J. Carey) L. H. Bailey, terials and specimens collected in Kentucky, Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts22: 128. 1886.- Lec- Ohio, and Ontario. totype,here designated: C. backiiBoott. 1. Widest leaves 6-15 mm wide, very glaucous RESULTS AND DISCUSSION .............................. C. latebracteata 1. Widest leaves 2-5.5 mm wide, ? green. The originalsite in Ontario discoveredin 1989 2. Lowest pistillatescales 2.4-4.5 mmwide, much (the type locality) contained over 1000 plants. wider thanperigynia, appressed againstand Additional stations were discovered 0.2 km N essentially concealing them; stigmas of the type locality,where 15 plants occurred, straight or convolute, essentially smooth and 2 km W, where ca. 600 plants occurred.Four (papillae minute);staminate flowers 2-4 per stationswere discovered in southern Ohio and spike. fivewere discovered in northernKentucky. At 3. Perigynia 3.8-4.7 mm long; beaks 0.5-1 all of the Ohio and Kentuckystations, the plant mm long; anthers 0.9-1.2 mm long ... was abundant with populations of at least sev- . ....................... C. saximontana 3. eral hundred individuals. Extensive searching Perigynia 4.5-6.2 mm long; beaks 1.5-2.5 mm long; anthers 1.2-1.8 mm long ... in western New York on the limestones near . ............................ C. backii Watertownand in the Niagara Frontierregion 2. Lowest pistillate scales 1.2-2.5 (3) mm wide, did not reveal the plant, nor was it found in not more than 1.5 times as wide as peri- limestoneareas of northernOhio, southwestern gynia,spreading and not concealing them; and south-centralOntario, and southern Mich- stigmas flexuous,conspicuously papillate; igan. staminate flowers5-25 per spike. Despite the factthat only two relativelysmall 4. At least the uppermostpistillate scales with regions of occurrence were discovered, they broad, hyaline margins;tallest culms (6) were sufficientlyfar apart to encompass a broad 8-30 (40) cm; perigyniumbeaks (1.5) 2- 5.5 mm long. area. Withthe exception of the plants fromKen- 5. Perigynia(3) 4-9 per spike; achenes 1.5- tucky and Ohio averaging slightly larger than 2 times as long as wide; staminate those fromOntario, there was remarkablemor- scales obtuse to acute . C. willdenowii phological uniformityamong the stations. 5. Perigynia 2-3 (4) per spike; achenes 1- The factthat the plant was not found in field 1.5 times as long as wide; staminate reconnaissance over a large geographical area, scales ? truncate ......... C. jamesii nor in herbarium material examined, suggests 4. All pistillate scales lacking hyaline mar- that it is a highly localized species, and prob- gins; tallest culms 2-6.5 (8.5) cm; ably quite rare. We have not found material of perigyniumbeaks (1.2) 1.4-2.1 mm long the new taxon filed with the species it most . ....................... C. juniperorum closely resemblessuch as various species in sect. AcrocystisDumort., nor other species in sect. Carex juniperorum Catling, Reznicek, and Phyllostachysincluding C. backii,C. jamesii,and Crins, sp. nov. (Fig. 1).-TYPE: Canada, On- C. willdenowii.We have not seen any collections tario,Hastings Co., Tyendinaga Twp., S side made prior to 1986. of Hwy. 401, E of Wyman Rd., 7 km NE of Although additional materialof the new tax- Shannonville, 9 June1991, Catling9100 (ho- on could not be found among the herbarium lotype: DAO; isotypes: B, BM, BUF, CM, F, materialexamined, the fieldreconnaissance did GENT, GH, K, KE, KNK, KY, MICH, MO, produce thousands of plants fromwidely sep- MSC, NY, NYS, OS, P, QK, TRT,TRTE, US, arated localities. The uniformityof the plants VSC). 498 SYSTEMATIC BOTANY [Volume 18 E 1mm 1mmi X 1mm X X C 1mm~~~~~~~~~m lmm ~ ~ 1m m FIG. 1. Carex juniperorum. A. Habit. B. Ligule, and lower blade of outer leaf. C. Upper sheath. D. Inflorescence. E. Basal pistillate scale (right),upper pistillate scale (left). F. Perigynium. G. Perigynium dissected to show achene. H. Achene, side view (bottom), top view (top). I. Portion of staminate spike showing anthers. Drawing by Marcel Jomphefrom Catling 9100 (DAO). 1993] CATLING ET AL.: CAREX 499 Plantae valde cespitosae, culmi 2-6.5 (8.5) cm long, 0.8-1.2 mm wide, encircling rachis and alti; vaginae basales rubiginosae, glabrae.
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