IN THIS ISSUE

• PJ and elections in Zimbabwe

• Dispatches from Lebanon, South Africa, Cameroon, India

• Can social media build peace?

Design by Lexus Brown, Park University Special Report: Journalists worldwide combat Threats, Violence A publication of the Center for Global Peace Journalism at Park University Vol 7 No. 2 - October 2018 October 2018 October 2018 Contents Can journalists safely practice their craft? 3 Nigeria, Kashmir 14 Italy After editor’s murder, is Can journalists remain safe? Spaces of War, War of Spaces Boko Haram, Nigerian officials hunt journalists PJ possible in Kashmir? The Peace Journalist is a semi- 16 U.S. By Ibanga Isine and Jacob Udo-Udo Jacob By Steven Youngblood annual publication of the Center Trip for Peace traverses country for Global Peace Journalism at Park “My love for Nigeria has been a compel- After a reknowned journalist’s murder, is peace journalism University in Parkville, Missouri. The 18 South Africa ling impetus in charting the course of my dead in Kashmir? Peace Journalist is dedicated to dis- Leaders gather, analyze PJ life, courageous in the face of adversities, hopeful when confronted with despair and In peace starved Indian-controlled Kashmir, it’s disheart- seminating news and information delighted when the society makes appre- ening beyond words when the region’s leading voice for for teachers, students, and 20 Cameroon ciable progress,” were the words of Enenche peace, dialogue, and responsible journalism is silenced. practitioners of PJ. Seminars held amid unrest Akogwu, 31, a reporter and video camera Journalists operator with independent broadcaster, Under On June 14, the editor-in-chief of the Rising Kashmir news- Submissions are welcome from all. 7 New York Lebanon Channels TV. Threat paper, Shujaat Bukhari, was shot and killed along with his We are seeking shorter submissions 22 Q&A w/Cmte to Protect Journalists MAP celebrates 5th birthday two bodyguards outside the newspaper’s offices in Srinigar (300-500 words) detailing peace Akowgu was posted to Kano State in Nigeria’s North- in Indian-controlled Kashmir. One young man was arrested journalism projects, classes, propos- Cameroon west region as a correspondent at a time Boko Haram in the killing, and police are seeking three other gunmen. als, etc. We also welcome longer 8 insurgents seized swaths of territories, killed thousands, (Rising Kashmir, June 15). submissions (800-1200 words) Does PJ make journalists safer? maimed more, and were spreading terror from community about peace or conflict sensitive to community. I had the honor of meeting Bukhari “Working as journalism projects or programs, as 10 Zimbabwe a few years ago during a peace a journalist in An ingenious and courageous reporter, Akogwu covered journalism project in Kashmir. well as academic works from the Polarized media challenges PJ Kashmir is like field. We do NOT seek general sub- the troubled northern region deftly until January 20, 2012 We chatted in his office and then missions about peace projects, but South Sudan when Boko Haram arrived and unleashed terror on Kano, discussed peace journalism with walking on a 12 the staff of Rising Kashmir. It took are instead focused only on articles Northern Nigeria’s centre of commerce, and sought to take razor’s edge.” Inflammatory media seconds to see that Bukhari had with a strong media angle. it over. a keen mind—quick to ferret out --Sameer Yasir,

13 Washington, DC 24 India Mr. Akogwu had just returned from a news conference or- the key issues and to probe for in the NY Times. Deadlines: March 3 (April edition); Seminar: Social media and peace Chennai workshop teaches PJ ganised by the police after multiple suicide bombings tar- insights. Though I’ve had dozens September 3 (October edition). geted government buildings in Kano City, when he heard a of such meetings with journalists barrage of gunshots near the office of the state governor. through the years, the discussion with Bukhari and his staff Editor: Steven Youngblood, Director, What is Peace Journalism? still stands out as one of the most candid and valuable. Center for Global Peace Journalism, Instead of waiting for a tainted statement from security Peace Journalism is when editors and reporters make choices that improve the Park University agents, as most journalists are wont to do, he cautiously Though Bukhari was dubious about the label peace jour- prospects for peace. These choices, including how to frame stories and care- Proofreading: Prof. John Lofflin dashed to see what had happened after the sporadic nalism, there’s no doubt that he and his staff practiced the fully choosing which words are used, create an atmosphere conducive to peace concept. In 2016, I wrote, “Rising Kashmir is a fine news- Continued on next page Contact/Social Media: and supportive of peace initiatives and peacemakers, without compromising paper that if anything is the opposite of inflammatory or [email protected] the basic principles of good journalism. (Adapted from Lynch/McGoldrick, sensationalizing. I was so impressed with their work that Peace Journalism). Peace Journalism gives peacemakers a voice while making I used Rising Kashmir as an example of peace journalism Twitter-@Peace Journ Ibanga Isine is an award-winning peace initiatives and non-violent solutions more visible and viable. in action in my textbook Peace Journalism Principles and Facebook-Peace Journalism group Journalist and Instructor of Journal- A number of valuable peace journalism resources, including resource Practices.” Center for Global Peace ism at the American University of Journalism, Park University packets and online links, can be found at www.park.edu/peacecenter. Nigeria. During our chat in his office, Bukhari and I discussed Rising 8700 NW River Park Dr Kashmir’s necessary balancing act. In volatile Kashmir, fa- Parkville, Missouri 64152 USA Center for Global Peace Journalism Dr. Jacob Udo-Udo Jacob is currently a Visiting Interna- voring either the The Center for Global Peace Journalism works with journalists, academics, and tional Scholar at Dickinson College, Carlisle, Pennsylva- Indian authori- Steven Youngblood is editor of the students worldwide to improve reporting about conflicts, societal unrest, rec- nia. Until his visit to Dickinson, Jacob ties or Kashmiri Peace Journalist Magazine, author onciliation, solutions, and peace. Through its courses, workshops, lectures, this was Chair of the Communications protesters or of Peace Journalism Principles magazine, blog, and other resources, the Center encourages media to reject & Multimedia Design Program and militants could and Practices, and director of the sensational and inflammatory reporting, and produce counter-narratives that Interim Dean in the School of Arts and result in the pa- Center for Global Peace Journal- offer a more nuanced view of those who are marginalized—ethnic/racial/ Science at the American University of per being raided ism at Park University in Parkville, A Park University Publication Nigeria. Missouri. religious minorities, women, youth, and migrants. Continued on next page pg 2 www.park.edu/peacecenter Vol 7, No 2 pg 3 By Steven Youngblood

October 2018 October 2018 from Pg 3 was a journalist because he wore his identity card and had from Pg 4 Nigeria a branded TV camera on him. Nigeria gunfire stopped. On getting there, he requested informa- He had allegedly published the video on YouTube, showing tion from persons he thought were mere bystanders but Akogwu was one of the proponents of Peace Journalism some of the abducted girls begging the Nigerian Gov- unfortunately, he was standing face-to-face with in Nigeria but the insurgents did not spare him, and ernment to secure their freedom. In a statement on his insurgents and demanding to know what they had neither does the government and security opera- personal website, Salkida said he has worked as a journal- done. tives appreciate journalists who live on the fringes of ist, within the confines of professional ethics and has not danger to tell the stories of the triumph and pains of violated any known law. The insurgents did not waste time in pulling the people caught in violence across the country. trigger. At a very close range, Akogwu was shot six “My status as a Nigerian journalist who has reported times - three times in the chest and three in the A reporter, Ahmed Salkida, who has worked tire- extensively, painstakingly and consistently on the Boko stomach. He died immediately but his body was Journalists lessly to bring the plight of communities and people Haram menace in the country since 2006 is an open book recovered several hours after the military deployed Under affected by insurgency to both local and international known to Nigerians and the international community,” Threat heavy equipment and stopped the insurgents from audience, has been dubbed spokesperson of Boko Salkida indicated in the statement. taking over the state’s seat of power. Haram. Salkida was declared wanted by the Nigerian military in August 2016 in connection with a video show- “Equally, my total allegiance and sacrifice to the Federal Those who murdered Akogwu, whom Channels TV de- ing the Chibok girls earlier kidnapped from a Government Republic of Nigeria is self-evident. I have stayed within the scribed as “a resourceful and fearless reporter” who Secondary School on April 14, 2014. creed of professional journalism in my work.” “covered the northern region uncovering breaking stories and events across the troubled northern region,” knew he Continued on next page “As a testimony to the credible and professional values of my access, since May 2015, l have been to Nigeria three from Pg 3 part, “The services which this great son of the soil ren- times on the invitation of Federal Government agencies. Kashmir dered especially for those unvoiced sections of the soci- by authorities (as it was in 2016) or the paper’s staff being I made personal sacrifices for the release of our Chibok ety through his incredible writings are immortal.” (Rising the target of violence. Sadly, even Bukhari’s cautious pro- daughters.” Kashmir, June 18) Twitter comments fessionalism couldn’t shield him from an assassin’s bullet. included, “Well he was a sane voice Despite his contributions to resolving the conflict that has liberties.” Bukhari was noted for favoring a peaceful resolution to the of Kashmiri people, we condemn the seen tens of thousands of persons killed and millions dis- killing,” and “So finally we have the placed, Salkida is being declared wanted, threatened, and Kashmir conflict—a position that was the opposite of easy, Many journalists have come under scrutiny and threats by answer to ‘who could have gained by molested by the authorities. convenient, or safe. He even helped to organize several both security agents and Boko Haram elements for dar- killing a balanced voice like him!!’” peace conferences in the region. ing to tell stories of the burgeoning conflict and calling for Two days after the murder, three Kash- Shujaat Bukhari Similarly, the Nigerian police on January 19, 2017, invaded urgent intervention by relevant authorities. Kashmiri journalist colleague, Sameer Yasir, wrote about miri newspapers ran blank columns on the office of Nigeria’s most respected investigative news- paper, Premium Times, and arrested its publisher, Dapo Bukhari in the New York Times. He said, “Our community their editorial pages to protest the killing. But it can also be said that a majority of Nigerian journal- Olorunyomi, alongside the paper’s judiciary correspon- of journalists has suffered decades of threats and intimi- ists are yet to understand and apply peace journalism con- Even an optimist can’t help but be demoralized by dent, Evelyn Okakwu. dation from militants and Indian forces alike. But Mr. structs especially in reporting from conflict theatres Bukhari’s unfailing optimism was always something we Bukhari’s murder. If a peacemaking moderate can’t speak Plain-clothed officers, who claimed to be acting on in the country. aspired to, and it kept us going. If he could remain hopeful up in Kashmir, who can? Who can adopt Bukhari’s cause, a complaint by the Chief of Army Staff Tukur Bura- after decades covering one of the world’s most grueling and further, who would want to? Under circumstances like That explains why reports about the war on insur- tai, conducted a search at the office and disrupted conflicts, we all could.” (June 15, 2018) these, how much can we reasonably ask journalists to do gency focus largely on killings, destruction of proper- operations for hours. to foster peaceful dialogues or promote reconciliation? ties, and displacement of communities without the After his murder, the tributes poured in. The Jammu and Is peace journalism possible in conflict areas, and more The action came days after the Pulitzer award-win- Journalists concomitant supply of detailed information on the Kashmir lecturer’s forum issued a statement which said in specifically, is peace journalism dead in Kashmir? I am ning newspaper turned down the Army’s demand to Under contradictions that gave rise to the crises. struggling with these questions more retract news stories highlighting the missteps of the Threat Shujaat than ever. The majority of journalists still report crisis as a clash Nigerian Army in dealing with IDPs. Bukhari between the military and Boko Haram terrorists. In speaking with journalists in conflict (in white, In a statement, the paper’s Editor-in-Chief, Musikilu Mo- areas, I almost always make it a point The number of fatalities incurred by the antagonists be- right) and jeed, condemned the raid and restated Premium Times to remind journalists that they should comes headline. Anomalous and disturbing quotations are Steven commitment to the Nigerian people. “They should stop ensure their safety first before think- commonplace in stories and acts of violence are subtly and Young- deluding themselves that they can muzzle the press and ing about their professional responsi- indirectly justified especially on the side of the Nigerian blood intimidate the Premium Times,” said Mr. Mojeed. “They bilities. military. The following headlines were found in some of discuss PJ should know that our loyalty lies with our readers and the with his the country’s newspapers. Because of Rising Kashmir’s balanced Nigerian people who have a right to know.” newspa- approach and rejection of sensational- “Army neutralises 16 Boko Haram members, recover weap- per’s staff He said the paper will continue “to discharge its respon- ism, I didn’t think I needed to reiter- ons cache in Borno,” The Punch, July 29, 2018. in 2016. sibilities in line with global best practices, social respon- ate this point to Bukhari and his staff. sibility and patriotism, even at great risk to our personal Sadly, and tragically, I was wrong. Continued on next page pg 4 www.park.edu/peacecenter Vol 7, No. 2 pg 5 October 2018 October 2018 from Pg 5 The workshop was a part of a larger peace conference by Nigeria activists from five north-eastern states, sponsored by the “Army kills 23 Boko Haram fighters,” Vanguard, June 13, AUN-Adamawa Peace Initiative. ‘Feeling discouraged would be understandable’ 2018 Editor’s note: from seeking out international sup- ally since 1992, and has been a lead- A more specialized training on Peace Journalism was held The Peace port. ing voice in the fight to end impunity “Boko Haram: Nigerian troops overpower insurgents in in May 2016 in collaboration with the US Embassy in Abuja Journalist spoke in the murders of journalists around Borno, kill 16,” Daily Post, July 29, 2018. to train journalists not only on the principles and prac- with Kerry In these ‘caught in the middle’ situ- the globe. When a journalist is mur- tice of peace journalism, but also on how to identify and Paterson, the ations, what do you recommend jour- dered in retaliation for their work - as “Army Kills 23 Boko Haram Members, Recover Weapons in deal with the trauma inevitably experienced by journal- Committee to nalists do to enhance their safety? Bukhari was- not only is it a devastat- Lake Chad,” Eagle Online, June 12, 2018. ists covering extreme violence. One of the most endur- Protect Journal- ing loss, for the journalist’s family, Every story and every journalist is ing impacts of the workshop was the establishment of a ists advocacy their community and for the public as The above headlines seek to show the military’s superior- different, but CPJ strongly encourages Peace Journalists Network – a loosely coupled coalition Kerry Paterson, CPJ and communi- a whole, but it also can have a chilling ity against the insurgents and could only exacerbate the every journalist to carry out a of journalists committed to following the tenets of peace cations man- effect on other journalists. crisis as Boko Haram may strike harder to inflict thorough risk assessment be- journalism. ager, about some of the dangers faced maximum damage on troops and the civilian fore heading out on any assign- If journalists are sent the mes- population. Moreover, it creates a Manichean by journalists worldwide. Journalism in Nigeria is beset with a range of prob- ment, including an exit strategy sage that the price for a piece tug-of-war scenario between Boko Haram and the lems, beside the physical threats Journalists face This Peace Journalist magazine fea- and emergency planning. Any of critical reporting could be Nigerian military. Stories of victims of the conflict daily. Journalists are among the worst paid profes- tures articles about journalists caught risk assessment, but particularly death, in addition to concerns and the complex nature and dynamics of the con- sionals in Nigeria. Several media organizations owe between combatants--governments/ in a situation like this, should Journalists about safety, there are real con- flict are rarely told. encompass not just physical Under cerns about self-censorship, and Journalists their journalists several months’ salaries. military on one side, separatists/ security, but also digital, and Threat the stories that go unpublished However, the adoption of peace journalism ap- Under rebels on the other. Is this situation The consequence has been an increasingly worry- psychosocial. and unreported as a result. proaches in the reportage of the crisis holds Threat commonplace? What special dangers ing ‘brown envelope’ culture where journalists are significant promise of de-escalating tensions by does this pose for journalists? given financial rewards in exchange for covering A Kashmiri newspaper editor was Feeling discouraged would be under- showing the invisible impacts of the conflicts, the different media events. This culture obviously exposes the press to Unfortunately, it is not uncommon recently murdered on the street in standable - the stakes are high and sides of the story while also emphasizing peace initiatives. manipulation by powerful politicians, businessmen and for journalists to find themselves in front of his newspaper in Awanti- there has arguably never been a more pora. The editor, Seyed Bukhari, was dangerous time to be a journalist. But While the country has been grappling with conflicts right corrupt government officials. Also, due to poor regulation, this type of situation - and we’ve seen known for his moderation, and for journalists provide a public service, from Independence, it was in January 2015 that select me- the field has seen a rather unfair share of quacks resulting journalists caught between combat- his commitment to peace journalism. and they do the important work of dia practitioners were offered training in peace journalism in yellow journalism practice. ants in this type of scenario in places What message does his murder send safeguarding democracy, and among for the first time. The training, which was organised by the like Ukraine, or Syria. Among the Historically however, the Nigerian press has been one of to journalists in Kashmir, and else- the most inspiring things about them, American University of Nigeria (AUN) at its ultra-modern biggest challenges posed by this type the most independent and vibrant in Africa. The West Afri- where? Should journalists be discour- is their dedication to getting the story E-Library and Resource Centre, in Yola, Adamawa State, of situation is that a journalist in that can Pilot newspaper challenged colonialism and mobilized aged? out. In face of attacks on the press, it brought together news reporters, editors and producers situation has few options in terms of agitations for independence from the British. The press either reporting an attack on them is all the more important that journal- covering insurgency in the Northeast region. CPJ has been tracking the number of played a crucial role in challenging military rule and restor- and pursuing some sort of justice, or ists continue to speak truth to power. journalists killed for their work annu- A total of 57 of journalists were drawn from the print, ing democratic rule in Nigeria despite horrifying attacks. seeking support or assistance aside broadcast and online media from Borno, Yobe, Taraba, In 2015, the media played a very important role in creating Bauchi and Adamawa states. an atmosphere for a transparent democratic process that resulted in the election of Nigeria’s President Muhamma- Profile: Committee to Protect Journalists du Buhari. The media is today at the forefront of holding Under the theme “Redefining the Role of Journalists in What they do the Buhari government to account, demanding fulfilment Peacebuilding,” the workshop offered participants in- The Committee to Protect Journalists is an independent, nonprofit organization that pro- of the promises it made to the Nigerian people. depth intellectual and professional perspective to the task motes press freedom worldwide. We defend the right of journalists to report the news of reporting news in a time of insurgency and to a nation The Nigerian press has risen up to some of the most fun- without fear of reprisal. in search of order, stability and development. damental challenges that face Who they are the country and at defining CPJ is made up of about 40 experts around the world, with headquarters in New York City. In Abuja, political intersections, despite When press freedom violations occur, CPJ mobilizes a network of correspondents who Nigerian impossible odds and threats. report and take action on behalf of those targeted. journalists Dozens of Peace Journalists protest the remain committed to fulfill- arrest of a CPJ reports on violations in repressive countries, conflict zones, and established democracies alike. A board of promi- ing their responsibilities as nent journalists from around the world helps guide CPJ’s activities. colleague a trusted partner with the earlier in people in covering the insur- How they protect journalists 2018. gency, exposing falsehoods, CPJ’s work is based on its research, which provides a global snapshot of obstructions to a free press worldwide. CPJ’s and highlighting opportunities research staff documents hundreds of attack on the press each year. for peace. pg 6 www.park.edu/peacecenter Vol 7, No 2 pg 7 October 2018

October 2018 Does practicing PJ enhance safety of reporters? By Steven Youngblood For background, there is currently considered threats from government anti-government violence in the or threats from separatists. The safety As part of three peace journalism In August, Sky- Anglophone northwest and southwest advantage of peace journalists was workshops in Cameroon in July (see FM, a commu- regions, where separatists have de- especially pronounced in the conflict page 20 for details), participating jour- nity radio station clared a new country called Ambozo- regions of the northwest and south- nalists filled out a survey that asked in northwest nia. Cameroon’s Francophone regions west. See chart. them to rank the threats they face Cameroon, was remain peaceful. from 1 to 5, with 5 being the highest Why do they feel safer practicing destroyed by an threat level. 66 journalists completed One intriguing finding was that re- peace journalism? Journalists said arson attack. the survey--31 from the northwest porters from every region said they peace journalism’s characteristics The station man- region, 15 from the southwest region, were safer, or felt safer, if they were (balance, objectivity, neutrality, non- ager believes and 20 combined from seven other practicing peace journalism. This inflammatory, giving voice to the they were tar- regions. feeling of safety applied whether they voiceless) will help insulate them from geted by rebels for supporting threatening officials and rebels. Safety-Traditional journalists vs. peace journalists a supposedly Based on survey of journalists in violent regions (northwest, southwest Not surprisingly, journalists in the pro-government Cameroon ). Survey used 1-5 scale, with 5 being the most severe threat. conflict regions (northwest, south- back to school west) believed they were under more program. Risks from Officials/Police severe threats from both government and separatists fighting the govern- Threats/intimidation Arrest Violence ment. In six other regions combined, Journalists 4.19 4.03 3.1 the average threat level perceived by journalists was much lower from both Peace Journalists 2.62 2.37 2.45 government and separatists. Journal- ists from all regions rated the threat been slammed 15 years in prison for Risks from Separatists/Rebels from Pg 8 “A colleague of mine with whom I had level from opposition politicians as Stories worked for 16 years was picked up decrying the backward and nasty very low. Threats/intimidation Kidnapping Violence officers whocarried out that act.” and charged with terrorism because nature of the way that the city of (re- dacted) is being managed.” The surveys were administered at he wanted his voice to be heard...The Journalists 3.82 2.89 2.95 “I have been a victim of police brutal- colleague raised a concern about the three July seminars in Bonaberi, Ba- “I broadcast the interview of an Peace Journalists 2.89 2.55 2.54 ity. It was on (date redacted) when poor state of roads and electricity, foussam, and Douala. opposition activist on the radio and some government officials wanted to and ended up being called a terror- received severe threats from the gov- do a unity march in Bamenda against ist…Journalists, and most specifically ernment officials who threatened to the wishes of a majority of the those in the private sector, are close the radio and even arrest me.” Journalists share stories of brutality, victimization population who felt marginal- at risk as they do their work.” ized and not a part of the unity. Editor’s Note: During three recent Bamenda Central Prison awaiting trial ing since February. He was shot in his “(After broadcasting a story origi- As a press person taking images “…When you report the facts, seminars in Cameroon, journalists because he was caught taking images at house by separatist fighter in a village nally sent to our radio station about for the news, I was seen as a you are not free from the were asked to share their stories the scene of an uprising. He risks being called (redacted). They accused him of parents sending their children back to threat given that security forces government. For instance, one about threats. violence, and intimida- jailed because he was doing his job. In biased communication intended to run school), a mixed team of uniformed were beating those who were of our colleagues in Bamenda tion they have suffered. For their own this light, we see violence.” down their activities. He was shot in the Journalists officers and local and state officials arrested. I was also beaten Under and many others elsewhere are safety, names and media outlets have leg but survived because he was rushed stormed the radio station and sealed “Several journalists have been arrested, alongside them but was not Threat in detention for what they saw been redacted. These are their stories. to the hospital.” its doors. detained, and some later released, while arrested.” and reported even with evi- “I know of a colleague who was severely “I have been called up for questioning others are tried and jailed for reporting dence. I recently witnessed a military My colleague who played the pro- beaten up by police because he was “Most often when I post peace write on information that I might have been the crisis racking the NW and SW re- man molesting (beating) some citi- gram and me that anchored it went taking images of the dead streets (city ups on Facebook I get a lot of com- an accomplice to spreading propa- gions. Similarly, some media houses and zens, and when I reported what I saw on the run out of (city). For over three streets emptied out during a general ments that are not comfortable… ganda on social media that threatens journalists have received social media on our radio, I was seriously threat- months I was in hiding. The radio strike) in Bamenda, northwest region. His Separatist messages like, “you have some journalists and elites in our threats from separatists. (The journalists) ened and the radio station almost was only reopened the month after. camera was completely destroyed and been bought out (bribed).” city, simply because I have very close attempted to be balanced in debunking shut down.” In addition to hosting the program, I the position of separatists in the crisis.” he incurred some bruises from the beat- relations to a person they accused…of “I have experienced threats and in- was wanted for propagation of false ings he received. At the end of the day A colleague with (redacted) radio is publishing the photos.” timidation from local leaders whom I information.” “I know of a journalist (redacted) work- nothing was done to sanction the police currently behind bars for practicing “There is a colleague of mine named ing in a community radio..in an Anglo- questioned their accountability to the his profession. He risks heavy jail term phone area where men have been fight- public.” Stories collected July, 2018. (redacted) who is presently at the Continued on next page if found guilty. Another has already pg 8 www.park.edu/peacecenter Vol 7, No 2 pg 9 Avoiding easy stereo- types and perhaps inquiring more deeply into people’s motives could only help.

October 2018 October 2018 Polarized media challenge PJ in Zimbabwe Zimbabwe from Pg 10 By Allen Munoriyarwa harnessed for peace journalism. Each broadcasting, have failed to play a of Zimbabwe’s 10 provinces has a Journalists attend an election report- Zimbabwe, a southern African coun- Allen Munoriyarwa is a Doctoral constructive role in quelling election ing workshop in the city of Kadoma, candidate in the Department of public-owned community newspaper try, has had seven national elections violence. There is an overt obsession under the entity NewZiana. These west of Zimbabwe’s capital city, and one constitutional referendum in Journalism, Film and Television at with demonising headlines that repre- Harare. the University of community newspapers are relevant a space of 18 years since the turn of sent supporters of each of the of the as first-hand accounts of the violence the century. This translates to a major Johannesburg in parties as worthy of the violence they South Africa. His re- within their immediate communities. election about every three years. receive. Opponents are also demon- But they do not end there. What stands out with these elections search interests are ized by calling them non- Zimbabwe- is that they have been judged by many in political violence ans. For example, the public-owned Because they serve a particular com- reports on conflicts and violence in “community-ness.” observers as violent, unfree, and un- and peace newspaper, The Sunday Mail, refers to munity, they can exert their influence community newspapers can contrib- Secondly, local communities in Zim- fair. Even the most recent elections of journalism. opposition MDC supporters as “run- on the course of events by practising ute immensely “to the creation and babwe have no control over these July 2018 were visited by post-election ning dogs of imperialism.” In some peace journalism. Excluded communi- maintenance of the community’s newspapers like in other countries, violence that claimed about seven If the mainstream media is hopelessly instances, they propose getting rid of ties who most of the times are the vic- stability and its adjustment to change the USA, for example (Hahn et al people. polarised and fractured along political “the sycophants of the white men.” tims of election violence can be em- in the large social environment.” Com- 2104). Consequently, these communi- party line, how best can peace jour- powered by this bottom-up approach munity newspapers can be influential ties have not even resisted the domi- There is not much literature about nalism be practised in the country? In one notorious headline in 2008, to reporting election violence, which in intervening against issues that the nance of “non-community” content in peace journalism in Zimbabwe, at a the paper had a headline, “Strike fear allows them to provide the news on particular community view negatively. The three past elections in the coun- their newspapers. Perhaps they are time when the practise should assume in the heart of the white men, our what is transpiring within their com- In their study of a rural Kentucky com- try (the 2018, 2013, and 2018) were accustomed to seeing “their” commu- legendary importance considering the real enemy.” Surprisingly, media and munities. This would empower victims munity newspaper, Hahn et al find particularly dominated by both physi- nity newspaper reflecting dominant prevalence of election violence. Bud- journalism scholarship in Zimbabwe to act as senders of news and, possi- out that the newspaper was able to cal violence and violent news rhetoric. national politics instead of local issues. ding research (Chari 2014 and Mu- is largely silent about the need for bly, resist the propaganda of the elite advocate against high levels of adult I note that over the years, Zimbabwe’s Yet election violence in Zimbabwe noriyarwa in progress) has found that a solution, like peace journalism, to politicians and smoking, which was the highest in the elections have been haunted by a usually is a reflection of local power the mainstream is too ideologically quell hate speech and inflammatory urban-based USA, standing at 31,8%. They note progressive decline in civility. I propose that dynamics which a community press polarised to be conduits of peace. rhetoric in the Zimbabwean media. mainstream that a community newspaper can the robust pow- increase the frequency of coverage of should focus on more. This decline in civility has been a newspapers Firstly, it should be noted that the Most scholars of the media in Zim- the issue, heighten the prominence of consequence of two major factors, in er of the com- about their country has about 6 radio stations, babwe seem to share an agreement the issue in the news, seek the opin- Thus, integrating Zimbabwe’s com- my opinion. The first and most impor- munity press be experiences. of which 4 are public-owned, and 8 that violent rhetoric is a consequence ions of influential community leaders munity newspapers into the service tant one being the nature of political of peace journalism as proposed here major newspapers which are tightly of politicians’ not-less-subtle grip, harnessed for A good ex- adopt advocacy strategies tailor-made competition in Zimbabwe. Zimbabwe’s would mean altering their long-en- controlled by the ruling party ZANU especially of the public media. As long ample is The to curtail the undesired behaviour. Af- main political parties, the ruling ZANU peace PF, a party that is generally recognised as ZANU PF government controls and Hindustan ter all, community newspapers should trenched habits of covering broader PF and the opposition MDC, see each journalism. national politics at the expense of as the main instigator and perpetrator uses the state media for its political Times in New reflect the content related to the com- other as mortal enemies instead of le- community issues, and redefine their of electoral violence. The country has gains, Zimbabwe will have to get used Delhi. In 1974, munity’s conditions. gitimate competitors. The second one focus to a community orientation. This one television station, which is public- to hate speech, demonising labels, it adopted a village and wrote weekly feeds from the first: as a consequence should be their role anyway! owned and equally reflects ruling and “us and them news binaries.” stories about issues and concerns In this model, Zimbabwe’s community of this enemity, the political environ- ZANU PF ideology. raised by this community. The result press will be utilised for the purpose ment has polarised the media climate, Instead of the status quo, I propose a Other attendant dangers or road- was a heightened awareness of that of peace journalism so that it reflects Chari noted that the mainstream with mainstream media aligning model of election violence reporting blocks include the limited financial community’s problems by residents the unique experiences of particular media in Zimbabwe do not operate in themselves to either of these warring that the press in Zimbabwe can adopt. muscle of the community press, small who read the newspaper, and a will- communities vis-a-vis election vio- public sphere platforms, but instead political parties. This model takes into cognisance and less trained staff, and also the fact ingness to engage with the problems lence. In the process, the community are conduits of propaganda and act the three peculiarities of the media press will point out the unique needs that few highly qualified journalists The media, especially the newspaper at communal levels. like campaign posters during elec- context in Zimbabwe – one of which of that community as well as its pecu- would want to work for a community press, which is more pluralistic than newspaper in Zimbabwe in their pres- tions. is that there are more public – owned By harnessing the power of the com- liar past failures and accomplishments ent state. media in the country than private munity press, the intention is to focus in relation to combating election owned. The other being that there on election violence within specific violence. These factors may stand in the way of are many community newspapers in communities. More focused commu- Zimbabweans line up to harnessing the power of the commu- the country, too. The third one is that nity reporting can refocus the subject However, the Zimbabwean commu- vote in 2018 in Harare, the nity press for peace journalism. But if most of the journalists in the country of election violence back on the com- nity press, like its mainstream pub- capital. well-resourced and tilted away from are trained in local institutions. munity’s agenda, possibly forcing local lic- owned cousins, still reflect ZANU PF ideology. They are still vulnerable dominant ruling party politics, the I propose that the potentially robust policy makers to act, encouraging dormant potential of the community change and reforms. content-wise, to covering events hap- power of the community press be pening outside their communities. press can be useful in implementing peace journalism. Continued on next page Blanks (1996:1) notes that news This compromises what I call their pg 10 www.park.edu/peacecenter Vol 7, No 2 pg 11

From the Peace News Network From the Peace News Network

Peace News Network Mission: and violence. Our stories aren’t always about shoot- International news today is driven by Peace News Network aims to present ings and explosions, but they do tell Can social media, online tech build peace? sensationalism. From conflict zones, the other side – stories from conflict you stories from war zones that hope- By Mahnoz Jonmahmadova, Peace News Network we hear stories about killings, bomb- zones we often don’t hear. Our sto- fully go some way towards building Mahnoz Jonmahmadova is ings, and the views of violent extrem- ries are about people taking risks for trust and reconciliation. Can online technology and social media help build peace? freelance journalist and video ists. This type of coverage tends to peace. We highlight the opinions of Experts gathered in Washington DC earlier this year for a editor for Peace News Net- inflame passions and perpetuate ordinary people who want non-violent For more, see: summit by PeaceTech Lab (created by the United States work, based in Washinton DC. negative stereotypes, fueling distrust solutions to their political differences. https://www.peacenews.com/ Institute for Peace) to investigate how tech is being used, and can be developed, to advance peace.

“This conference, powering peace tech, is really meant other kinds of things that happen, distribution of malware, to first celebrate the power of technology for helping to hacking - I mean, there’s long list here,” Cerf said. South Suda- prevent conflict and save lives,” said PeaceTech Lab CEO Sheldon Himelfarb. Social media platforms, gaming, and online technology nese journal- have also been blamed for causing or fueling violence ists attend but IBM veteran and chairman of PeaceTech Lab Nicholas a workshop Leaders from tech giants such as Facebook and Google attended, as well as founders of online technology, to Donofrio advised participants not to despair. “We can do about objec- it right, as we go forward,” Donofrio said. “I absolutely tive reporting share their insights on the impact of technology in conflict regions and in the peacebuilding field. believe in us, collectively, and I believe it will be a much in Kampala, better future.” Uganda. Google’s chief Internet evangelist Vinton G. Cerf, known as the ‘father of the internet’ said that while the internet According to their research, Facebook’s VP of Global Public has turned out to be an “extraordinary and global phe- Policy Joel Kaplan said people’s well-being depends more nomenon”, not everyone online has everyone else’s “best on what people do online, rather than how much time interests at heart.” they spend at a computer. “So, how you spend your time on Facebook is more important that exactly how much Inflammatory media fuels South Sudan violence “So we’re seeing this essentially neutral platform being time you spend, so we’ve committed to trying to make the By Ochan Hannington, Peace News Network personality, which is Riek Machar and Salva Kiir, it has gone abused in the form of fake news, and other kinds of abuse time spent on Facebook as positive for people and their to a bigger...tribal issue between the Nuer and the Dinka.” that takes place, whether it’s fraud or bullying or all the Inflammatory media online have been blamed for contrib- Continued on next page uting to South Sudan’s civil war, which has been ongoing “If journalists remain, in South Sudanese especially, if they for five years now and has claimed up to 300,000 lives. remain in that ideology it will influence whatever they S. Sudan from Pg 12 Now several organizations have banded together to host do, even their writing. We feel like because they are the people on the basis of their member- workshops on the ground to teach local journalists about messengers, they are the people who spread the message, In Kam- ship of a particular group. This may the importance of reporting objectively. we should also remind them to keep focus, focus on their pala, South include a form of expression such as work, the accuracy, the non-partisanship and not allow Sudanese image, play, or songs as well as speech,” The Network of South Sudanese Civil Society Organizations other factors to influence their work.” journalists recently completed a training session in Kampala, Uganda, she said. hear about where many South Sudanese journalists have fled. Sharlotte Ainebyoona Kigezo from Platform Africa was one the role of “When you notice hate speech on social of the facilitators at the training and said online media has social me- media we have three ways to [ap- “The conflict in South Sudan began as a political conflict,” played a big part in the conflict. “From my view, and the dia in fuel- proach] it. Number one you can either said Tito Anthony from the Network of South Sudanese trainings I do as a facilitator, social media that has been ing their ignore, or number two you can engage Civil Society Organizations. juiced up by prejudice and hate has elevated the current country’s in conversation, and then number crisis that’s going on in South Sudan,” she said. comflict. “It went beyond a political crisis, it went beyond a crisis of three, which is the final [approach]: You “And that’s why as an organization we picked that direc- report. All social media platforms give Ochan Hannington (right) is a Peace News Network tion, to see healing in South Sudan.” us the ability to be able to report any- contributor, based in thing we consider hate speech, anything Uganda. As a freelance Twenty-five participants attended the training in May, we consider offensive, anything we consider insulting.” I get information I have to dig deep to know the source of journalist, he was forced where they learned about prejudice and hate speech that information. And also I have to see that this informa- to leave his native South mitigation. Ms Kigezo said part of training involved clearly Freelance journalist Daniel Paul participated in the training tion, will it really bring change in my community, in my Sudan for security defining hate speech as communication that “denigrates and said he will be putting his new skills to good use. “The community, in my society? Or it will bring division in the reasons. knowledge I’ve gained here, I’ll be using it in mitigating community.” Continued on next page hate speech on social media by digging deep - whenever pg 12 www.park.edu/peacecenter Vol 7, No 2 pg 13 Continued on next page

October 2018 Spaces of War, War of Spaces teaches valuable lessons By Giuliana Tiripelli affect conflict contexts. and Political Studies. Strategic narra- Last May I attended the conference tives are the tools for political actors Spaces of War, War of Spaces, organ- The conference took place in wonder- to make an impact and “extend their ised in occasion of the 10th Anniver- ful Florence and roughly 25 years from influence, manage expectations, and sary of the journal’s Media War & the Oslo agreement. Being Florence change the discursive environment in Conflict (http://www.warandmedia. is also my home town, I decided to which they operate (Miskimmon et al org/spacesofwar/). This conference talk about the origins on my research 2013: 2). “ was a rare opportunity for experts interest in peace in the Middle East Participants and practitioners working with media (see Media and Peace in the Middle Although Peace Journalism is not discuss how and conflict to meet and discuss how East, 2016 https://www.palgrave. interest linked and does not advocate media affects media spaces affect the context of com/in/book/9781137504005). I also for influencing citizens’ beliefs for conflict at conflicts, and how actors involved in took it as an opportunity to reflect on specific political interests, it is prin- “Spaces of conflicts try shaping media spaces to new directions that could be useful to ciple linked and as such it still aims to War, War of make research about journalism and change the discursive environment Spaces” in Giuliana Tiripelli is the Assciate Edi- conflict transformation more cogent by offering deeper and wider repre- May in Italy. tor for Political Communications at and mainstream. sentations of the societies involved in the University of Sheffield (UK). She political, social, or economic conflicts. carried out her doctoral research As in any good conference, the best In the digital age, it has become at the Glasgow University Media ideas about progressing research were very important for Peace Journalism Group of social inspired by engagement and exchange scholarship to explore the strategic change, and with other disciplines. Of particular dimensions of communication. This is is the author importance for advancing journal- because Peace Journalism should be of “Media and ism as a tool for social change is the equipped to counter the current stra- Peace in the concept of “strategic narratives”, tegic approaches to communication Middle East.” which was widely mentioned at the that many of the papers presented in conference and is abundantly used in the field of international relations Continued on next page

From the Peace News Network nication dynamics and power issues, producing and measuring impact, Spaces from Pg 14 to offer stable analytical tools for the while there is much less debate about Florence focused on (i.e. fake news, fruitful collaboration among disci- defining the kind of change that Online peace from Pg 13 “Individuals can really contribute by learning as much as Cambridge Analytica). plines. should be promoted by research. This calls for open discussions on norma- health as possible.” possible,” said Creative Development Lab’s Giselle Lopez. However, the term “strategic nar- A clearer and interdisciplinary ap- tivity, which is at the roots of Peace proach to the strategic elements of What tech is being used for peace, and how individuals can “About the kind of work that is being done both in the ratives” is still used in unclear ways Journalism practices and research. communication may help to investi- contribute? Emerging initiatives were demonstrated at the peacebuilding space, and not just on a positive level but in research. Among the many inter- gate the outcomes of interest linked The involvement of Peace Journalism conference, from gold-colored portals that connect citizens what are some of the challenges that peacebuilding orga- esting contributions of the confer- interventions by political forces experts in interdisciplinary knowledge across the world, IT campaigns that battle hate speech nizations have that potentially technology can play a role ence, the talk by Andrea Catanzaro involved in conflicts, but it may also exchange can help seeing research as online, to data being used as an early warning system. in helping to address,” she added. (http://www.dispo.unige.it/rubrica/ andrea-catanzaro) & Fabrizio Coticchia prove useful for measuring and im- part of a wider strategy for principle (http://www.fabriziocoticchia.com/) proving the effectiveness of principle linked social change. This approach examined the variety of meanings that linked interventions in the current may help at such a crucial time, when multimedia and digital context. What researchers need to be smarter than At a summit in research had assigned to the concept Peace Journalism could bring to this their politicians in producing impact Washington, par- of “strategic narratives.” debate is help in understanding how that enhances opportunities to peace ticipants discuss strategic narratives could become and fairness in society. how technology The two researchers also talked about the need to distinguish “strategic tools to shape peaceful societies. is, and can be, uti- References: lized to advance narratives” from “frames,” a concept used in Media Studies to point to Finally, there is a strong need for a Miskimmon A., O’Loughlin B., Roselle peace. (Photos by debate about the nature of the impact L. (2013) Strategic Narratives: Com- Peace Tech Lab) ways of organising content that can affect meanings and interpretations. that researchers in media and com- munication Power and the New World Their paper aimed at making order in munication want to make. In the Order, Routledge Studies in Global In- concepts used to investigate commu- British context, pressure is now on formation, Politics and Society, Taylor and Francis. pg 14 www.park.edu/peacecenter Vol 7, No 2 pg 15 October 2018 Trip for peace changes dialogue from war to peace By Susan Beaver Thompson The artwork- Since 2013, I’ve called myself a mobile that Susan peace journalist. Back then, I had Beaver Thomp- reached the point of no return. I was son uses to tired of sitting around thinking about The publicize her how to help bring peace building to National peace trip. the forefront of public discussion. I Civil Rights knew I needed to get up and make it Museum happen through my ideas, writing and in Wash- actions. ington was one I also got the opportunity to witness journalism organizations or oppor- from Pg 16 I’d like to share a bit about what I’ve of Thomp- Peace trip the myriad of opinions represented by tunities to practice peace journalism learned about peace and peace jour- son’s stops. S. Thompson, I like to think we are the the peacemakers there, realizing that in the field, it’s just as important to nalism over the last five years on this Gonzo peace journalists of our time. peacemakers don’t always agree. We support and fund peace journalism amazing, super-challenging inner and sometimes end up placing a higher within the United States as it is to ven- outer journey. A Peace Journalism Trek priority on insisting on our own view- ture abroad. Likewise, there’s also a Across America point rather than dialoging with those real need for peacemakers and peace Peace Is An Inside Job So, in March 2018, I set out again who hold different views. As journal- journalists to collaborate more. We In my 2014 piece “Confessions of a write from that perspective. No more to always view the “other” as an ally. on a new peace journalism experi- ists, we’re called to balance our own are working toward the same goals. Peace Journalist,” I admitted that in “us” vs. “them”. No more name calling ment across America. I established convictions with the convictions of 2013 after taking to the road to host or labels. No more judgments, inward- As a teacher, I encouraged my stu- a website at www.TripForPeace.com those contained within our work. By practicing non judgment and peace Peace Conferences of the People ly or out loud. No more thinking that dents along the same lines. In writing, and took to social media, traveling 16 principles in life and in our writing across America, I was not yet embody- those who believe that waging war is it’s unrealistic to expect that those states interviewing U.S. peacebuilders. Peace Journalism we can initiate changes in our shared ing what I was espousing. I learned the best way to prevent war are my who oppose ideas within my articles Here and Abroad consciousness. As peace journalists, that peace is an inside job. As A.J. enemies. Rather than succumbing to will do a 180 degree turn once they’ve My aim was to help turn the dialogue In my travels and attempts to fund you and I have the grand pleasure and Muste writes, “There is no way to the words and ideas of some polarized read them. In the end, if even a few from war to peace and showcase the my efforts, I saw firsthand that while responsibility to make a real differ- peace. Peace is the way.” back and forth partisan debate (with readers are moved in their thinking many peace projects going in the U.S. so many important peace journalism ence, transforming ourselves in the many of the words already chosen for because I’ve been real with them, I’ve that most Americans haven’t heard projects are happening in develop- process. Onward! If I wasn’t being real, wasn’t being us), I learned we can simply listen and succeeded. The goal is not winning, about in the mainstream media. In ing, war-torn counties around the respectful in the words I chose – in remain open. In this way, we begin to it’s opening minds, it’s collaborating April, I wrote from the MLK50 Confer- world, it’s short sided to forget the USA Today published an article about person, in my writing, and on social change the dialogue. on paper, online and in person. It’s ence in Memphis, getting the awe- war of words going on in the U.S., the Susan’s 2018 peace journalism journey media – I was a hypocrite. Only by acknowledging that we’re all seeds some opportunity to interview and violence in our own cities, and the earlier this year. See: modeling true collaboration and Modeling True Civil Dialogue and that incremental change is okay. share insights from some of America’s enormous U.S. arsenal that sits ready, employing nonviolent communication What I feel we’re missing in the U.S. Maintaining that perspective is also leading peacemakers about how they outnumbering the fire power of many https://www.usatoday.com/ principles in my daily interactions and is true civil discourse. We can recover how I remain hopeful as a peace see Martin Luther King Jr.’s ideas of other countries combined. story/sponsor-story/moonlight- my writing can I say that the deep res- it on the way to peace. You know, journalist in a world that sometimes nonviolence at work in our nation ing/2018/05/14/rocking-and-rolling- ervoir from which I wrote then – and by having those conversations with seems hellbent on war. today. Each interview is indeed a life Whether it be national Peace Journal- peace/34887627/ write now – brings forth all the best people with whom we disagree, yet lesson. ism fellowships by prestigious U.S. that lies within me. respect enough to find even one I believe we need to get back to the common area on which we can move basics, refraining from writing the In May, I attended a weekend seminar I discovered that to be a peace jour- forward together. Famed psychologist easy piece with the pat answers. Us- at the Peace Pentagon in Indepen- nalist means to be peace, to live it and Carl Rogers taught this, instructing us ing a solutions journalism approach, dence, Virginia entitled “The History we can present the facts from as many and Future of the Peace Movement Thompson’s After a 20-year career in marketing and community jour- valid, divergent perspectives as pos- in America.” The speakers were David travels also took nalism, Susan Beaver Thompson is in Las Vegas working sible, showing the ugliness and beauty Swanson, president of WorldBeyon- her to the Lor- on launching GoMOJOBaby!, a mobile journalism business of a situation without making anyone dWar.org and Glen T. Martin, presi- raine Hotel in which will provide video, text and live streamed eyewit- a hero or a villain. I seek to be a 360 dent of the World Constitution and Memphis, site of ness news from the field. She is the host of the #Peac- degree thinker and journalist, who Parliament Association (WCPA). It was MLK’s assassina- eSalon, a weekly global peace discussion on Zoom which with head and heart communicates enlightening to hear their messages tion. will resume this Fall. She continues to publish on www. both the complexities and the hope in and their different approaches to TripForPeace.com and other platforms. Susan is planning any situation. Patterned after Hunter peace, one from a political perspec- her 2019 peace journalism trip now. tive and the other from a social good/ Continued on next page philosophical perspective. pg 16 www.park.edu/peacecenter Vol 7, No 2 pg 17 October 2018 October 2018 African leaders analyze PJ in Joburg, Cape Town S. Africa from Pg 18 By Gloria Laker of peace journalism in Uganda fo- is the founding African heroes of peace and Nobel cused on media strategies in ending Gloria Laker Decades after the end of white rule, director of the Peace Journalism laureates. The focus was on finding the Lord’s Resistance Army conflict South Africans are still desirously practical solutions to achieving peace At the African LRA and peace journalism tools and Foundation holding onto peace. in our lifetime. peace lead- styles which can be used in reporting of East Africa ers summit, This follows series of colorful peace violence and conflicts in Africa and in Kampala, IPYG media representative Dr. Quinta Cindy Taylor events in its major cities, Johan- to looking beyond news by engaging a BBC award Joubert, said in a statement, “We (left), direc- nesburg, Pretoria, and Cape Town, communities to dialogue. recipient, have seen that seemingly small efforts tor of Estab- focused on achieving peace in a and experi- lead to great results. Let us continue lished Africa, lifetime. This year, South Africans In a statement, International Peace enced peace to work together so that all wars confers with celebrated in memories of the cen- Youth Group (IPYG) said, “As the journalism advocate and trainer. and conflicts will finally cease as the Gloria Laker tenaries of two icons who dedicated media, we have the potential to play Hours before landing, the ceremonial culture of peace spreads across the of the Peace their lives to peace and freedom, Tata a significant role in the establishment guards stood still as youth danced world.” Journalism Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela and Mama of peace in our societies. Therefore, with joy while watching his arrival Foundation of Albertina Nontikelelo Sisulu. One re- we must take up the responsibility as from giant screens at the airport. Attendees then signed a declaration East Africa. cent initiative built upon their legacies messengers of peace above conflict.” When he emerged from the plane, for peace and cessation of war in in hopes of ensuring Africa. Valuing the roles of the media, Other co-sponsors an enthusiastic girl began drum- that their efforts Chairman Lee handed certificates of included sHeav- ming loudly, much to the excitement will remain etched appointment to 20 African journalists enly Culture, World of people singing and ululating ‘we in citizen’s collective to work as peace publicity ambas- Peace, Restoration are one.’ For a second, I thought tries attended the program. I believe From a peace journalism angle, South memory. sadors for HWPL in their countries-- a of Light (HWPL), the building would come down. Lee that this effort was timely and a Africans holding on to peace can be good gesture in peace efforts. Commemorative and an international passed through the breakthrough in my efforts to create a a lesson for Ugandans to find ways to ceremonial guards more peaceful continent through my continue peacebuilding 10 years after events in August NGO under the Peace journalists from eleven coun- kicked off with a United Nations De- dressed in white reporting. the LRA war’s conclusion. peace journalism fel- partment of Public attire and briefly lowship for African journalists titled, Information (UN DPI). addressed the crowd “African Leaders of Peace Summit.” It before making his Refugee Online News launches new platform On September 1, the Peace Journalism Foundation of tries of origin. focused on promoting peace through I had an exciting experience witness- way out as the crowd East Africa launched the Refugee Online News (RON) --Report the work of peace makers, humanitarian and Aid balanced reporting. This fellowship, ing hundreds of young and old brave followed him. Chair- platform. RON is a collaborative multimedia online news agencies. co-sponsored by the International the early morning cold in a very color- man Lee is an icon in Man Hee Lee platform highlighting the situation of 1.2 million refugees --Assist refugees to trace and reconnect with lost rela- Peace Youth Group, was held in both ful event at Oliver Tambo Interna- South Africa. from seven African countries living in Uganda. tives. Johannesburg and Cape Town in tional Airport to receive Man Hee Lee, Addressing the high level African --Provide a forum through which voices of refugees in August. celebrated Korean peace messenger and chairman of Heavenly Culture, Leaders of Peace Summit, Chairman Through this online news platform, founder Gloria Laker Uganda and Kenya will be brought out by exiled and encourages writing and publishing articles about the My presentation on peace report- World Peace, and Restoration of Light Lee strongly underscored the impor- resident peace journalists in East Africa and Great Lakes situation of refugees in the various settlement locations ing with reference to the evolution (HWPL). tant roles of women and youth in region. achieving peace. “When women and including urban refugees in Uganda. women’s priorities are placed at the According to its organizers, RON RON’s main goal is to ‘prevent social center of peace processes and deci- pledges to work closely with stake- and traditional media induced sion making, the results are more holders such as the civil society, violence’ by applying peace journal- likely to be equitable and sustainable, non-governmental organizations, and ism styles in reporting about refugees. RON’s focus is to Discussing so let us support and work closely humanitarian and aid agencies who are supporting and cover all issues regarding refugees within and from South peace jour- with women and youth to realize working with refugees. Sudan, DR Congo, Burundi, Somalia, Rwanda and Kenya. nalism at the peace in Africa,” Lee said. African Peace RON also includes a training component that will orga- RON seeks to: Leaders summit He recognized former Mozambiqan nize peace journalism trainings about reporting refugees,

earlier this year president Joaquim Chissano Alberto strengthening collaboration and better reporting of refu- --Bring out efforts of the different stakeholders in bet- for championing peace in Africa. The gees’ situations by host journalists without compromising in South Africa. tering the lives of the refugees, the positive lifestyle of summit brought together Southern the principles of good journalism. refugees. Africans, government ministries, civil --Engage host communities, refugees and those in the RON can be found at: society, youth and media including diaspora to dialogue on peace and stability in their coun- https://refugeeonlinews.wordpress.com/ Continued on next page pg 18 www.park.edu/peacecenter Vol 7, No 2 pg 19 October 2018

October 2018 apt to strengthen the fragile media Seminars from Pg 20 landscape. Journalists of the SW, Lit- toral and other regions gained peace is still new in Cameroon with limited journalism skills to be proactive in re- or no resource persons on site. Prof porting in order not to “exacerbate an Discussing community media (with Steven Youngblood’s visit was a great already dire situation’ and minimise Alexander Vojvoda, right) and peace relief as we had first-hand knowledge media induced violence before, during journalism (with Steven Youngblood, on peace journalism and election and after the up-coming elections.” below) during three July workshops in reporting. (The trainings were)height- Cameroon. ened with his bank of experience, In Bonaberi, seminar participants test The final 4-day workshop was held sharing of success stories around stories for PJ content. at the Friedrich Ebert Foundation in Africa and the world like Ethiopia and Yaoundé and concluded the month- South Sudan.” has been conducted during the long project with a training-of-trainer workshop series with members from workshop with participants from all Rosaline Akah Obah, CCMN president the NW, SW, West, Littoral and other ten Cameroonian regions. of the NW and West chapter, com- Cameroonian regions produced inter- ments on the importance of the 3-day esting findings. The self-assessment The main discussion evolved around training-of-trainer workshop on peace from Cameroonian journalists shows how to build trainings for colleagues journalism and election reporting for that those practicing peace journalism at home media house, reporting on CCMN NW and West members with believe that they are at lower risk of IDPs, peace and reconciliation journal- Prof Steven Youngblood, Director of becoming victims of violence, harass- ism and the use of social media as a the Centre for Global Peace Journal- ment or threats from government or tool for peace journalists. ism/US, held in Bafoussam/West re- separatists in the current conflict. (See PJ seminars held amid unrest in Cameroon gion. “Journalists of the network have page 8 for details). In addition, the CCMN was wel- the way they cover and report on the by Alexander Vojvoda ism and the Friedrich Ebert Founda- come to see the difference between comed to expand its work to other conflict and the elections. Since 2015 tion in Yaoundé on a month-long conventional journalism and peace Rev. Geraldine Fobang, CCMN presi- Cameroonian regions. Especially On 7 October 2018, Presidential Elec- the Cameroon Community Media training-of-trainer workshop series on journalism, that in any case does dent SW/Littoral chapter explained at colleagues from the Grand North tions will be held in Cameroon. The Network (CCMN) has built capacities peace journalism and election report- not take away any tenets of journal- the second workshop held in Douala, region (Extreme-North, North and election is prepared under challeng- in peace journalism and reconciliation ing for the over 70 members of the ism. Rather it emphasises that good “At a time when Cameroon faces mul- Adamawa) expressed their interest to ing conditions as violent conflicts journalism within the Cameroonian peace journalism network. journalism is peaceful journalism,” she tifaceted crisis, further compounded build capacities in peace journalism in between anglophone separatists and media. Since June 2018, we’ve been said. by the uncertain outcome of the their sub-region and to form a peace security forces in the North-West The initial protests of the anglophone working on how community media Presidential elections on 7 October journalism network in the face of the and South-West regions continue to minority in the Cameroonian NW and can address the situation of Internally The results of a risk analysis which 2018, Prof. Youngblood’s visit was very violent conflict with Boko Haram. escalate. SW regions against the political, eco- Displaced Persons (IDPs) of the anglo- nomic, linguistic and social marginali- phone conflict. Media houses and journalists see sation by the francophone-dominated themselves trapped between separat- Cameroonian central government in After last year’s cooperation with the ists, military and government. The Yaoundé have escalated to a violent Center for Global Peace Journalism Cameroon Community Media Net- conflict between armed anglophone and the Friedrich Ebert Foundation work (CCMN) has collaborated with secessionist groups and Cameroonian in Yaoundé, during which over 120 the Center for Global Peace Journal- security forces in the last weeks and journalists were sensitised on issues At a PJ seminar months . of election reporting and conflict-sen- in Bafoussam, Alexander Vojvoda is community sitive journalism in 4 workshops and 7 participants Cameroonian journalists, especially media activist and holds a MSc in-house trainings, the CCMN has initi- chart how in the anglophone regions, face dif- in Sociology and a MA in Political ated further joint activities on peace they might ficulties in covering the upcoming Communications. He currently col- journalism and election reporting. implement Presidential elections in October 2018 laborates with a community media what they’ve as fears of harassment, threats and The CCMN decided to hold three network in Cameroon on commu- learned. nity-based journalism, community violence against media houses rise. training-of-trainer workshops for the development and Especially civilians are fleeing the members of the peace journalism conflict-sensitive two English-speaking regions (around network in Douala, Bafoussam and journalism within 160,000 IDPs according to Internal Yaoundé from 4 July to 4 August 2018. the framework Displacement Monitoring Centre of the Civil Peace -IDMC), but also civil society activists “This workshop was a necessity given Service (CPS) and journalists find themselves caught that the concept of peace journalism Programme. between the lines of the military and the anglophone separatists because of Continued on next page pg 20 www.park.edu/peacecenter Vol 7, No 2 pg 21 October 2018 October 2018

from Pg 22 This is why we started a project called The last program is called the volun- MAP marks five years of boosting PJ in Lebanon MAP Environmental Media, Peacebuilding teer and internship program (VIP). By Vanessa Bassil Environment, is of utter importance and Conflict Transformation, which Here we offer a chance to young Leba- for peace journalism. Unfortunately, The Media Association for Peace included among other activities a nese and internationals to experience here in Lebanon, the protection of (MAP) is the first NGO in Lebanon, the National Conference on Media, Peace how MAP works on peace journalism. the environment is only on very few Middle East, and North Africa region & the Environment We offer internship and In June, MAP people´s mind. Lebanon’s ongoing gar- working on training, advocating, and in cooperation volunteer programs to members bage crisis highlights the problems of applying Peace Journalism, while with UNDP and the interested university celebrate the environmental mismanagement and advancing the role of media develop- European Union, a students who want to organiza- the need for sustainable solutions. ment field in peacebuilding. four day long En- get an insight on NGO tion’s fifth vironmental Peace work. This is why we are aiming at increas- In June 2018 MAP celebrated its 5th birthday in Journalism Training ing the awareness for environmental anniversary. It is hard to believe that Beirut. Retreat and a public We hope that we will issues focusing on the emerging con- already five years have passed. We discussion. keep growing as an institution and cept of “environmental peacebuild- are incredibly proud of the work that advance peace journalism in a region ing.” has been done and the achievements The fourth program, Media, Peace and that suffers from continuous conflicts Development, works on implement- and instability, as well as keep bring- made so far. We are most grateful After all, how are we supposed to for our team, volunteers, friends and ing positive peace and explores how ing opportunities to young people and time, we organize an annual Peace 3-phase project revolving around the build peace, if we are not even at media can play a role in improving young media professionals, all with partners, without whom none of this peace with our environment? would have happened. Journalism Workshop which explores, media’s ability to reduce violence and development locally and globally. True one aim: “Rewriting Journalism.” expands and teaches the links be- to build bridges of peace and under- and sustainable peace requires the For us, Peace Journalism is not only tween journalism and peace and gives standing between Syrian refugees and presence of human rights, a healthy about how to deal with and report young journalists from Lebanon the the Lebanese host community. The environment, and development. This For further information about MAP about conflict, even if that is one of knowledge, skills and tools to under- project included a training workshop, is why MAP organized a Peace Jour- projects and activities, visit our web- our core tasks, but we also believe stand and practice peace journalism. an online magazine, and video stories nalism and Development workshop, site maplebanon.org or visit our social that knowing and acting in accordance This is year, we offered a 10-day train- about Syrian refugees. training 30 journalists, media stu- media accounts on Facebook, Insta- to human rights, to respect the envi- ing of trainers on Conflict Sensitive -Re dents and activists andurging them to gram and Twitter: map_lb. You can ronment, to not only aim for negative porting and created a training manual Lebanon as country with just over consider how their reporting affects also contact us at: peace (the absence of violence), but in Arabic for the ones interested in 4 million inhabitants. Per capita, it’s development realities. [email protected] . positive peace, and to offer training offering training on this topic. taken in more refugees than any other to young Lebanese and international country during the 2015 refugee crisis. audience are crucial pillars in promot- Second, the Media, Peace and Human As there are already a considerable ing the spread the concept of peace Rights Program explores the relation- number of Palestinian refugees living journalism in the MENA region. This is ship between peace journalism and in Lebanon, there has been some why we operate with five programs: human rights. As peace journalists, it resentment against refugees. is our duty to know and defend those First, the Media, Peace and Conflict rights for an equal, stable and har- The project aspires to reduce preju- Program: In 2018 for the seventh monious society. At MAP, we have a dice, stereotypes, and stigma when it special focus on women´s rights and comes to the way one views another At the 7th annual MAP gender equality, as well as we give through the media– in this case how peace journalism workshop considerable attention to the role some Lebanese citizen view Syrian in Beirut, Lebanon, young of media in raising awareness and refugees and vice-versa. journalists learned about defending the rights of minorities, the links between media refugees, LGBTQ and persons with Also, this year for the third con- and peace. disabilities. secutive time, we are organizing a regional Media, Peace and Human This is why we have cooperated with Rights Conference (MPHR) bringing other regional women´s rights NGOs together speakers from the MENA and published a Women’s Right Media region discussing pressing topics, like Toolkit. It provides tools for media the freedom of expression, women´s actors who want to contribute to and rights, access to information, and Vanessa Bassil is the Media support the implementation of the digital media. Assoociation for Peace founder and UN Security Council Resolution 1325: president. MAP is based in Beirut, Women, Peace and Security. The third program, Media, Peace and Lebanon. Continued on next page We have furthermore initiated a pg 22 www.park.edu/peacecenter Vol 7, No 2 pg 23

©2018 by Park University Workshop examines Indian media narratives Trust in Chennai, India, invited me By Chintan Girish Modi Chintan Girish Modi is a peace ed- to deliver a talk on peace journalism India is going through a time of tre- with a large auditorium full of media ucator and freelance journalist from mendous political churning, and the students in attendance. They had India. He has worked with UNESCO, media industry itself has become a been briefed about my work focus- Seeds of battleground for conflicting ideolo- ing on India-Pakistan dialogue, and Peace and gies. What is worrisome at this mo- were keen that I share some anec- Global Zero. ment is the trust deficit I hear in the dotes from the field. I tend to prefer His Twitter voices of readers and viewers because the workshop mode over the lecture handle is @ a lot of journalism is beginning to method, so I found ways to make the chintan_con- sound incendiary, propagandist and experience more participatory. nect. utterly crass. We began with a theatre activity that gender, fashion, entertainment, crime, Imagine journalists broadcasting got the students to examine their education, and more. Their teach- fake news about activists, instigat- perceptions about Pakistanis, and ers seemed really proud of them. ing violence against minority groups, the influence of media narratives in After this, I shared with them the war and covering up acts of murder. We shaping these views. It was followed journalism versus peace journalism have all of it happening in 2018. This by an exercise wherein students had framework created by Johan Galtung, scenario is discouraging for journal- to imagine that they were part of a discussed some of the articles I have ism students who have gravitated delegation of Indian journalists invited worked on as a freelance journalist, toward this field because they see it to Pakistan who had the freedom to and also answered their questions as a place for exposing malpractice, travel anywhere in the country, and about challenges faced by journalists highlighting social justice efforts, and pursue any story ideas they wanted. who prefer to highlight non-violent speaking truth to power. It is impor- They had to work in pairs, and come responses to conflict in a media-satu- tant for advocates of peace journalism up with pitches for newspaper, televi- rated world that thrives on like myself to go out there and inter- sion and digital media editors. sensationalism. act with these students so that they do not lose hope. They came up with a variety of inter- I loved their energy, and their open- esting pitches for beats such as poli- ness to what I offered: the premise On June 25, 2018, the MOP Vaishnav tics, sports, travel, arts and culture, that journalists can play a construc- College for Women and the Prajnya tive role in their societies by amplify- ing the voices of the marginalized instead of serving as mouthpieces of the powerful, showcasing efforts at conflict resolution and reconciliation, In June, and exposing lies and cover-ups from Chintan all regardless of political affiliation. Girish Modi discusses They wanted to know about the PJ at MOP challenges faced by journalists who Vaishnav prioritize peace journalism over war College for journalism. I gladly shared my experi- Women in ence of not being taken seriously by Chennai, colleagues at times, and being turned India. down by editors who think of me as a peacenik floating in la-la land. If you want to work for peace, a sense of humour is incredibly useful to have. pg 24 www.park.edu/peacecenter