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Marcel Lahmani, Francelyne Marano, and Philippe Houdy Marcel Lahmani, Francelyne Marano, and Philippe Houdy Nanotoxicology and Nanoethics SPIN Springer's internal project number, if known Springer Berlin Heidelberg NewYork Barcelona Budapest Hong Kong London Milan Paris Santa Clara Singapore Tokyo Contents Introduction. Nanomaterials and Nanoproducts: World Markets and Human and Environmental Impacts Eric Ga®et ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 3 Part I Nanotoxicity: Experimental Toxicology of Nanoparticles and Their Impact on Humans 1 Toxicity of Particles: A Brief History Marie-Claude Jaurand, Jean-Claude Pairon :::::::::::::::::::::::: 19 2 Exposure, Uptake, and Barriers Armelle Baeza-Squiban, Sophie Lanone :::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 53 3 Experimental Models in Nanotoxicology Armelle Baeza-Squiban, Ghislaine Lacroix, Fr¶ed¶ericY. Bois :::::::::: 79 4 Nanoparticle Toxicity Mechanisms: Oxidative Stress and Inflammation B¶eatrice L'Azou, Francelyne Marano :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 103 5 Nanoparticle Toxicity Mechanisms: Genotoxicity Alain Botta, LaijlaBenameur ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 127 6 Elements of Epidemiology Agn`esLefranc, Sophie Larrieu :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 167 7 Measurement and Occupational Exposure to Nanoaerosols Olivier Witschger ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 185 8 Monitoring Nanoaerosols and Environmental Exposure Corinne Mandin, Olivier Le Bihan, Olivier Aguerre-Chariol :::::::::: 223 9 Nanoparticles and Nanomaterials: Assessing the Risk to Human Health Denis Bard ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 233 X Contents 10 Technical Risk Prevention in the Workplace Myriam Ricaud ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 241 11 Occupational Exposure to Nanoparticles and Medical Safety Patrick Brochard, Daniel Bloch, Jean-Claude Pairon :::::::::::::::: 265 Part II Nanotoxicity: Experimental Toxicology of Nanoparticles and Their Impact on the Environment 12 Surface Reactivity of Manufactured Nanoparticles M¶elanieAu®an, J¶er^omeRose, Corinne Chan¶eac,Jean-Pierre Jolivet, Armand Masion, Mark R. Wiesner, Jean-Yves Bottero :::::::::::::: 293 13 Fate of Nanoparticles in Aqueous Media J¶er^omeLabille, Jean-Yves Bottero :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 315 14 Ecotoxicology: Nanoparticle Reactivity and Living Organisms M¶elanieAu®an, Emmanuel Flahaut, Antoine Thill, Florence Mouchet, Marie Carri`ere, Laury Gauthier, Wafa Achouak, J¶er^omeRose, Mark R. Wiesner, Jean-Yves Bottero ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 349 15 Toxicological Models Part A Roberta Brayner, Fernand Fi¶evet:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 383 16 Toxicological Models Part B Jeanne Garric, Eric Thybaud ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 403 17 Life Cycle Models and Risk Assessment J¶er^omeLabille, Christine Ogilvie-Hendren, Armand Masion, Mark R. Wiesner ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 421 Part III Nanoethics: Ethical Questions Raised by Nanotechnology and Scienti¯c Discovery on the Nanoscale 18 Nanoethics: Challenges and Opportunities Alain Pompidou :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 447 19 Ethics and Medicine: Philosophical Guidelines for a Responsible Use of Nanotechnology Corine Pelluchon ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 451 20 Situation in France: Ethical Reflection on Research in Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Jacques Bord¶e :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 459 Contents XI 21 Situation in France: Nanoparticles in the Grenelle Environment Forum Philippe Hubert ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 477 22 Situation in France: The Position of a Federation of Environmental Protection Groups Jos¶eCambou, Dominique Proy ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 485 Part IV Nanoethics and Regulation Part V Nanoethics and Social Issues Index ......................................................... 501 List of Contributors Wafa Achouak 5 rue Thomas Mann L'¶equipe d'¶ecologiemicrobienne de 75 205 Paris cedex 13, France la rhizosph`ereet d'environnements [email protected] extr^emes(LEMiRE) Denis Bard UMR 6191 CNRS/CEA) Saint-Paul- D¶epartement d'¶epid¶emiologie lez-Durance Ecole des Hautes tudes en sant¶e [email protected] publique 35043 Rennes cedex, France Olivier Aguerre-Chariol [email protected] Innovation pour la mesure Direction des risques chroniques LaijlaBenameur INERIS, Verneuil-en-Halatte Laboratoire de biog¶enotoxicologie et olivier.aguerre-chariol mutagen`eseenvironnementale @ineris.fr EA 1784, FR 3098 ECCOREV Faculty of Medicine, University of M¶elanieAu®an Aix-Marseille Centre europ¶eende recherche et [email protected] d'enseignements des g¶eosciencesde Daniel Bernard l'environnement (CEREGE) ARKEMA UMR 6635 CNRS-Aix/Marseille email Universit¶e Equipe SE3D Daniel Bloch Europole de l'Arbois BP 80 Medical Advisor on Nanomaterials 13545 Aix-en-Provence CEDEX 4, Commissariat `al'¶energieatomique France (CEA), Grenoble [email protected] [email protected] Fr¶ed¶ericBois Armelle Baeza-Squiban Technological University of Com- Universit¶eParis Diderot-Paris 7 piegne (UTC) Laboratoire des R¶eponses Chair of Mathematical Modelling for Mol¶eculaireset Cellulaires aux Systems Toxicology X¶enobiotiques(RMCX) Royallieu Research Center, BP Unit¶ede biologie fonctionnelle et 20529 adaptative (BFA), EAC CNRS 4413 60205 Compiegne Cedex, France case 7073 [email protected] XIV List of Contributors Jacques Bord¶e Patrick Brochard Comit¶ed'¶ethiquedes sciences du Laboratoire sant¶e-travail- CNRS (COMETS) environnement (EA 3672) jacques.borde@polytechnique University of Bordeaux 2 Victor- .org Segalen patrick.brochard@chu- Alain Botta bordeaux.fr CHU Timone, Marseille Jos¶eCambou Laboratoire de biog¶enotoxicologie et Sant¶e-Environnement de France mutagen`eseenvironnementale Nature Environnement EA 1784, FR 3098 ECCOREV [email protected] Faculty of Medicine, University of Marseille Marie Carri`ere universit¶e. Laboratoire structure et dynamique [email protected] par r¶esonancemagn¶etique UMR 3299 CEA/CNRS, SIS2M), Jean-Yves Bottero Gif-sur-Yvette Centre europ¶eende recherche et [email protected] d'enseignements des g¶eosciencesde Corinne Chan¶eac l'environnement (CEREGE) Laboratoire de chimie de la mati`ere UMR 6635, CNRS/University of condens¶ee Aix-Marseille UMR 7574 UPMC/CNRS, Paris Aix-en-Provence [email protected] [email protected] Sonia Desmoulin-Canselier Daniel Boy CRDST Sciences Po/Cevipof, Paris Universit¶eParis 1, UMR 8103, email email Roberta Brayner Fran»coisEwald Interfaces, traitements, organisa- Conservatoire national des arts et tion et dynamique des syst`emes m¶etiers, (ITODYS) Observatoire du principe de CNRS UMR 7086, University of pr¶ecaution Paris 7 Paris-Diderot email roberta.brayner@univ-paris -diderot.fr Fernand Fievet Laboratoire interfaces, traitements, Jean-Marc Brignon organisation et dynamique des Economie et D¶ecisionpour syst`emes(ITODYS) l'environnement CNRS UMR 7086, University of Direction des risques chroniques Paris 7 Diderot, Paris INERIS, Verneuil-en-Halatte fernand.fievet@univ-paris email -diderot.fr List of Contributors XV Emmanuel Flahaut NAUTILE (Nanotubes et Centre Interuniversitaire de Re- ¶ecotoxicologie), ARKEMA- cherche et d'Ing¶enieriedes Mat¶eriaux CNRS/UPS/INPT (CIRIMAT) [email protected] UMR CNRS 5085 University Paul Sabatier Christian Huard B^atiment 2R1 Association de d¶efense,d'¶education 31062 Toulouse Cedex 9, FRANCE et d'information du consommateur [email protected] (Ad¶eic) Eric Ga®et Spokesman for the consumer college Nanomaterials Research Group of the French national consumer (NRG) association CNRS UMR 5060 for the report on the introduction Site de S¶evenans (UTBM) of nanomaterials into consumer 90010 Belfort Cedex, France products [email protected] [email protected] Philippe Galiay Gouvernance et ¶ethique Philippe Hubert Direction Science, ¶economieet Risques chroniques soci¶et¶e INERIS, Verneuil-en-Halatte Direction g¶en¶eralede la recherche [email protected] European Commission email Marie-Claude Jaurand Jean-Gabriel Ganascia INSERM U674, Paris Laboratoire d'informatique de Paris [email protected] 6 (LIP6) University of Paris 6 Pierre and Jean-Pierre Jolivet Marie Curie Laboratoire de chimie de la mati`ere Paris condens¶ee email UMR 7574 UPMC/CNRS, Paris Jeanne Garric [email protected] CEMAGREF Laboratory of Ecotoxicology B¶eatriceL'Azou Freshwater systems, ecology and EA3672 University of Bordeaux 2 pollution research unit Victor-Segalen 3 bis, quai Chauveau CP 220 [email protected] 69336 Lyon Cedex 09 [email protected] J¶er^omeLabille Laury Gauthier Consortium international pour University of Toulouse III l'implication environnementale des Laboratoire d'¶ecologiefonctionnelle nanotechnologies (iCEINT) (Ecolab, UMR 5245), CEREGE, Aix-en-Provence CNRS/UPS/INPT, [email protected] XVI List of Contributors St¶ephanieLacour Francelyne Marano Normativit¶eset nouvelles technolo- Universit¶eParis Diderot-Paris 7 gies Laboratoire des r¶eponses CECOJI, UMR 6224 CNRS, mol¶eculaireset cellulaires aux University of Poitiers x¶enobiotiques(RMCX) Nanosciences et Soci¶et¶edu C'Nano, Unit¶ede biologie fonctionnelle et ^Ile-de-France adaptative (BFA) email CNRS EAC 4413 case 7073 B^atiment Bu®on Ghislaine Lacroix 4 rue Marie-Andr¶eeLagroua Experimental Toxicology Unit Weill-Hall¶e Danger et impact sur le vivant 75205 Paris cedex 13 direction des Risques chroniques [email protected] INERIS, Verneuil-en-Halatte [email protected] Solange Martin Sciences-Po,
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