DOCSLIB.ORG

Healthcare Terminologies and Classifications

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Healthcare Terminologies and Classifications Healthcare Terminologies and Classifications: An Action Agenda for the United States American Medical Informatics Association and American Health Information Management Association Terminology and Classification Policy Task Force Acknowledgements AHIMA and AMIA Terminology and Classification Policy Task Force Members Keith E. Campbell, MD, PhD The American Health Chair, AHIMA and AMIA Terminologies and Classifications Policy Task Force Information Management Chief Technology Officer, Informatics, Inc., and Assistant Clinical Professor; Association (AHIMA) is the Department of Medical Informatics and Clinical Epidemiology, Oregon Health and premier association of health Science University information management Suzanne Bakken, RN, DNSc, FAAN (HIM) professionals. AHIMA’s Alumni Professor of Nursing and Professor of Biomedical Informatics School of 51,000 members are dedicated to Nursing and Department of Medical Informatics, Columbia University the effective management of personal health information Sue Bowman, RHIA, CCS needed to deliver quality Director of Coding Policy and Compliance, American Health Information healthcare to the public. Management Association Founded in 1928 to improve the quality of medical records, Christopher Chute, MD, PhD AHIMA is committed to Professor and Chair of Biomedical Informatics, Mayo Foundation advancing the HIM profession in an increasingly electronic and Don Detmer, MD, MA President and Chief Executive Officer, American Medical Informatics Association global environment through leadership in advocacy, Jennifer Hornung Garvin, PhD, RHIA, CPHQ, CCS, CTR, FAHIMA education, certification, and Medical Informatics Postdoctoral Fellow Center for Health Equity Research and lifelong learning. To learn more, Promotion, Philadelphia Veterans Administration Medical Center go to www.ahima.org. Kathy Giannangelo, MA, RHIA, CCS, CPHIMS Director, Practice Leadership, AHIMA Gail Graham, RHIA The American Medical Director, Health Data and Informatics Department of Veterans Affairs Informatics Association (AMIA) Stanley M. Huff, MD is the premier organization in Professor of Medical Informatics, University of Utah Senior Medical Informaticist, the United States dedicated to Intermountain Healthcare the development and application of medical informatics in the Linda Kloss, MA, RHIA, FAHIMA support of patient care, teaching, Chief Executive Officer, AHIMA research, and healthcare administration. AMIA links Margaret Skurka, MS, RHIA, CCS developers and users of health Professor and Director of Health Information Programs, Indiana University Northwest information technology, creating Mary Stanfill, RHIA, CCS, CCS-P an environment which fosters Vice President, Practice Resources, AHIMA advances that revolutionize healthcare. To learn more, go to Valerie Watzlaf, PhD, RHIA, FAHIMA www.amia.org. Associate Professor, Department of Health Information Management, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Pittsburgh Healthcare Terminologies and Classifications: An Action Agenda for the United States Table of Contents Executive Summary . .4 Background . .5 Magnitude of the Problem . .7 The Vision and Goals for the US . .9 What to Do Next . .15 Role of AHIMA and AMIA . .18 Conclusion . .19 Table 1: Governance of Various Terminology Systems . .20 Table 2: Development and Maintenance of Various Terminology Systems . .23 Appendix A: Australia, the United Kingdom, and Canada . .27 Appendix B: Terminology Services and Tools . .29 Table 3: Terminology Services and Tools in Four Organizations . .30 Glossary . .32 3 This white paper is a revised version of a paper originally released by AHIMA and AMIA in 2006. ©2007 Healthcare Terminologies and Classifications: An Action Agenda for the United States Executive Summary committed to the development of the emerging national health information system. But both Terminologies and classifications form the organizations recognize that additional foundations of information content in the resources and appropriate funding are needed electronic health record (EHR) and are the to build on initial work for healthcare basis for research, public health reporting, and terminologies and classifications strategy, healthcare payment.1 They are integral to governance, and development and interoperability and, thus, a successful national maintenance processes. health information system that promises To address these issues, AHIMA and AMIA increased patient safety and reduced costs. convened a Terminology and Classification Although there has been significant progress in Policy Task Force composed of experts in the United States to better understand the role medical and nursing informatics (a field that terminologies play in our health information studies the support of medicine by information systems, and to make terminologies more systems), health information management broadly available in machinable forms, more professionals, experts in nosology (the branch must be done to ensure that this progress of medicine that deals with the classification of serves as a robust foundation for the diseases), and educators. The group’s goal was information content of the EHR. to develop recommendations for the major challenges that would help establish a process The healthcare industry–including the that results in interoperability. The Task Force government, professional organizations, public has formulated a vision and associated goals and private institutions, and health informatics and recommendations that it hopes will be and information management professionals– used to frame a public-private dialogue about must address the issues before the US how to redesign the US approach to healthcare healthcare system is marginalized. To not do so terminologies and classifications against a would mean continued reliance on poor- backdrop of international approaches and quality data for decision making and the achievements. spending of dollars to retrofit a system that is 4 obviously broken. The vision consists of the following: This report describes challenges that require • US governance occurs from a national action. It proposes the formation of a perspective against a backdrop of centralized terminology authority, and other international agendas. steps, to address these challenges. • US policy coordinates with other countries, and the US actively collaborates Task Force Vision and and shares costs. Recommendations • Coordination and collaboration occurs The American Medical Informatics Association with international terminology and (AMIA) and the American Health Information classification development and Management Association (AHIMA) are pleased maintenance initiatives. with the progress made thus far and are 1. For purposes of this report, an EHR is defined as an information system designed to provide access to complete and accurate clinical data, practitioner alerts and reminders, clinical decision support systems, and links to medical knowledge. Giannangelo, K. (Ed). Healthcare Code Sets, Clinical Terminologies, and Classification Systems. AHIMA. [Note: Within this definition, a personal health record (PHR) only qualifies as an EHR if it is part of an EHR having the identified capabilities.] Healthcare Terminologies and Classifications: An Action Agenda for the United States • Terminologies, classifications, and maps terminology and classification form a coherent set of policies and development and maintenance, including procedures for openness and ensured the supporting systems. performance. • Develop a governance model for the • Transparency of process exists even when central authority that is accountable to the the development organization maintains needs of the end users and implementers, the system within its own organization. and also has accountability for the funding of the central authority. • Infrastructure for development and maintenance of the terminology is subject • Commit to the adoption of sound to an open process. principles for operation of a terminology and classification standards development • Business process automation is organization. implemented, allowing organizations to participate and track the terminology and The Task Force believes that the items on this classification development processes, agenda must be accomplished. To this end, reducing cost, and automating many AHIMA and AMIA are ready to lead, in aspects of the system release cycles. concert with the appropriate government agencies, the US effort for terminologies and To implement this vision, the Task Force classification reform. They recognize the US recommends that the healthcare industry— agenda for health information reform will government, public and private institutions, require strong public and private collaboration. and professional organizations— In the months to come, AHIMA and AMIA collaboratively undertake the following tasks: will convene stakeholders to build a broader • Create a publicly funded research and understanding of the current problems, development project to prepare generate wide support for, and begin to specifications for coordinated solutions construct a road map for change. and where possible, consolidate terminology. • Secure funding for the planning and 5 development of a centralized authority, representing both public and private stakeholders, to manage the funding and be responsible for overseeing US Healthcare Terminologies and Classifications: An Action Agenda for the United States Healthcare Terminologies and Classifications: An Action Agenda for the United
Load more

Recommended publications
  • A Method for Constructing a New Extensible Nomenclature for Clinical Coding Practices in Sub-Saharan Africa
    MEDINFO 2017: Precision Healthcare through Informatics 965 A.V. Gundlapalli et al. (Eds.) © 2017 International Medical Informatics Association (IMIA) and IOS Press. This article is published online with Open Access by IOS Press and distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License 4.0 (CC BY-NC 4.0). doi:10.3233/978-1-61499-830-3-965 A Method for Constructing a New Extensible Nomenclature for Clinical Coding Practices in Sub-Saharan Africa Sven Van Laere, Marc Nyssen, Frank Verbeke Department of Public Health (GEWE), Research Group of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics (BISI), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium Abstract The word nomenclature has to be used with care in the context Clinical coding is a requirement to provide valuable data for of sub-Saharan Africa. By the word “nomenclature”, usually billing, epidemiology and health care resource allocation. In they understand: “a coding system to provide codes that are sub-Saharan Africa, we observe a growing awareness of the used in invoices, to specify the health services that were pro- need for coding of clinical data, not only in health insurances, vided for particular patients”. We define nomenclature in a but also in governments and the hospitals. Presently, coding broader way, also taking into account the clinical definition of systems in sub-Saharan Africa are often used for billing pur- health services. poses. In this paper we consider the use of a nomenclature to In this paper we will present a way to build this new nomen- also have a clinical impact.
    [Show full text]
  • Personal Health Record (BPHR) Version 2.0 Patch 5
    RESOURCE AND PATIENT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM Personal Health Record (BPHR) Web Portal User Manual Version 2.0 Patch 5 September 2020 Office of Information Technology Division of Information Technology Personal Health Record (BPHR) Version 2.0 Patch 5 Table of Contents 1.0 Introduction ......................................................................................................... 1 1.1 PHR Web Portal Application Requirements ............................................. 1 1.2 PHR Users and Definitions ...................................................................... 2 2.0 Register to Use PHR ........................................................................................... 4 3.0 Common Functions .......................................................................................... 10 3.1 Logon ..................................................................................................... 10 3.2 About the PHR ....................................................................................... 11 3.3 Privacy Policy ........................................................................................ 11 3.4 Terms and Conditions ............................................................................ 12 3.5 Contact Us ............................................................................................. 12 3.6 FAQ ....................................................................................................... 12 3.7 Download Adobe Acrobat Reader ........................................................
    [Show full text]
  • F Personal Health Records: History, Evolution, and the Implications Of
    JANUARY 2011 F MEMBER BRIEFING HEALTH INFORMATION AND TECHNOLOGY PRACTICE GROUP Personal Health Records: History, Evolution, and the Implications of ARRA PHR Series #1 Robert L. Coffield, JD* Flaherty Sensabaugh & Bonasso PLLC Charleston, WV Jonathan Ishee, JD, MPH, MS, LLM University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston Northwest Diagnostic Clinic PA Houston, TX Jeffrey L. Kapp, JD Jones Day Cleveland, OH Kevin D. Lyles, JD Jones Day Columbus, OH Rebecca L. Williams, RN, JD Davis Wright Tremaine LLP Seattle, WA Introduction Computerized personal health records (PHRs) have existed for more than a decade. But it was not until late 2007 when large technology companies such as Microsoft and Google began to offer PHR products. That initial development was followed in 2008 by the formation of Dossia, a consortium of large employers created to offer PHRs to their employees. A number of other PHR vendors have recently introduced new PHR products to the market to connect consumers with their healthcare information. Recognizing this market activity, Congress for the first time addressed privacy and security requirements for PHRs in the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (ARRA) under Title XIII, Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health Act (HITECH Act). The efforts by these large technology companies and other “Health 2.0” technology companies likely will play a vital role in shaping the health information technology (HIT) landscape. Although it is too early to predict how PHRs will evolve and what their role will be in the new era of healthcare reform, health lawyers need to understand the spectrum of legal issues associated with PHRs and consider how a consumer-focused PHR revolution might impact their health industry clients.
    [Show full text]
  • Personal Health Records: Beneficial Or Burdensome for Patients and Healthcare Providers? Melissa Lester Marshall University, [email protected]
    Marshall University Marshall Digital Scholar Management Faculty Research Management, Marketing and MIS Spring 2016 Personal Health Records: Beneficial or Burdensome for Patients and Healthcare Providers? Melissa Lester Marshall University, [email protected] Samuel Boateng Jane Stanley Alberto Coustasse Marshall University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://mds.marshall.edu/mgmt_faculty Part of the Business Administration, Management, and Operations Commons, and the Health and Medical Administration Commons Recommended Citation Lester, M., Boateng, S., Studeny, J., & Coustasse, A. (2016). Personal health records: Beneficial or burdensome for patients and healthcare providers?. Perspectives in Health Information Management, 13(Spring): 1-12. This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Management, Marketing and MIS at Marshall Digital Scholar. It has been accepted for inclusion in Management Faculty Research by an authorized administrator of Marshall Digital Scholar. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. Personal Health Records: Beneficial or Burdensome for Patients and Healthcare Providers? Personal Health Records: Beneficial or Burdensome for Patients and Healthcare Providers? by Melissa Lester, MSW, MS; Samuel Boateng, MS; Jana Studeny MSHI, RN-BC, CP-HIMS and Alberto Coustasse, DrPH, MD, MBA, MPH Abstract Personal health records (PHRs) have been mandated to be made available to patients to provide increased access to medical care information, encourage participation in healthcare decision making, and enable correction of errors within medical records. The purpose of this study was to analyze the usefulness of PHRs from the perspectives of patients and providers. The methodology of this qualitative study was a literature review using 34 articles.
    [Show full text]
  • Implement an International Interoperable PHR by FHIR—A Taiwan Innovative Application
    sustainability Article Implement an International Interoperable PHR by FHIR—A Taiwan Innovative Application Yen-Liang Lee 1,2, Hsiu-An Lee 3,4,5,*, Chien-Yeh Hsu 4,5,6,*, Hsin-Hua Kung 4,5 and Hung-Wen Chiu 1,* 1 Graduate Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan; [email protected] 2 Internet of Things Laboratory, Chunghwa Telecom Laboratories, TaoYuan 326402, Taiwan 3 Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, Tamkang University, New Taipei 251301, Taiwan 4 Standards and Interoperability Lab, Smart Healthcare Center of Excellence, Taipei 112303, Taiwan; [email protected] 5 Department of Information Management, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Taipei 112303, Taiwan 6 Master Program in Global Health and Development, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan * Correspondence: [email protected] (H.-A.L.); [email protected] (C.-Y.H.); [email protected] (H.-W.C.) Abstract: Personal health records (PHRs) have lots of benefits for things such as health surveil- lance, epidemiological surveillance, self-control, links to various services, public health and health management, and international surveillance. The implementation of an international standard for interoperability is essential to accessing personal health records. In Taiwan, the nationwide exchange platform for electronic medical records (EMRs) has been in use for many years. The Health Level Seven International (HL7) Clinical Document Architecture (CDA) was used as the standard of the EMRs. However, the complication of implementing CDA became a barrier for many hospitals to real- ize the standard EMRs. In this study, we implemented a Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources (FHIR)-based PHR transformation process including a user interface module to review the contents of PHRs.
    [Show full text]
  • Capturing and Representing Values for Requirements of Personal Health Records
    Capturing and Representing Values for Requirements of Personal Health Records Eric-Oluf Svee1, Maria Kvist1,2, Sumithra Velupillai1 1 Department of Computer and Systems Sciences, Stockholm University, Kista, Sweden 2 Department of Learning, Informatics, Management and Ethics (LIME), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm Sweden {eric-sve,sumithra}@dsv.su.se [email protected] Abstract. Patients’ access to their medical records in the form of Personal Health Records (PHRs) is a central part of the ongoing shift in health policy, where patient empowerment is in focus. A survey was conducted to gauge the stakeholder requirements of patients in regards to functionality requests in PHRs. Models from goal-oriented requirements engineering were created to express the values and preferences held by patients in regards to PHRs from this survey. The present study concludes that patient values can be extracted from survey data, allowing the incorporation of values in the common workflow of requirements engineering without extensive reworking. Keywords: Personal health record, basic value, health care, goal-oriented requirements engineering, business/IT alignment. 1 Introduction and Purpose To provide those goods or services which consumers desire in the method and manner which they prefer, thereby fulfilling their value proposition, it is necessary for a business to create a supporting infrastructure. Key components of such delivery mechanisms are often information systems, and as such, methods need to be developed which elicit and capture their values and preferences during the system design process, while finally presenting these to the business in such a way that they can be executed upon during the system development. The state where the goals and strategies of the business are in harmony with its IT systems is called alignment [1].
    [Show full text]
  • Consumer Mediated Exchange
    Consumer Mediated Exchange Hon Pak, MD MBA CMO, 3M Health Information Systems Division October 2017 A Value-Based Care World is Uncharted and Filled with Risk and Uncertainty https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=skchMGisZTg • Barriers: • Longitudinal data (Claims and Clinical and Other) • Payment Models • Structural Issues in Healthcare • Patient Engagement • Interoperability • Data outside healthcare 18 December© 3M 2017 2. All Rights Reserved. 3M Confidential. 2 Healthcare Data 10% Data Outside Healthcare 90% System Most data about the patient is outside the healthcare system and much of it is in an unstructured form 3 Value-Based Care: It’s More than Clinical Data Determinants of Health Outcomes – Clinical Care Clinical Care is estimated to represent only 20% of overall outcomes (measured by length and quality of life). Market needs a greater amount of actionable data, validated measurement and tools University of Wisconsin Population Health Institute developed estimates of the determinants of health outcomes for the County Health Rankings project (2010). Accenture Consumer Survey on Patient Engagement • 57% of consumers track their own health data • 84% of consumers think they should have complete access to all of their EHR data • 40% of consumers would consider switching providers to obtain online access to their EHR data • 71% of consumers feel they should be able to update their electronic health records Source: http://www.himss.org/ResourceLibrary/genResourceDetailWebinar Reg.aspx?ItemNumber=27250 Agenda • What is the state of consumer mediated healthcare exchange • Regulatory changes that impact patient access to data • Barriers to consumer mediated exchange • How mobile technology can enable consumer ownership of their data Background: Interoperability • The Health information exchange (HIE) market is projected to reach USD 1,545.0 Million by 2020 from USD 990.6 Million in 2015, at a CAGR of 9.3%.
    [Show full text]
  • Personal Health Records: the People’S Choice? Lisa Sprague, Senior Research Associate
    Issue Brief – No. 820 November 30, 2006 Personal Health Records: The People’s Choice? Lisa Sprague, Senior Research Associate OVERVIEW — Information technology (IT), especially in the form of an electronic health record (EHR), is touted by many as a key component of meaningful improvement in health care delivery and outcomes. A personal health record (PHR) may be an element of an EHR or a stand-alone record. Proponents of PHRs see them as tools that will improve consumers’ ability to manage their care and will also enlist consumers as advocates for wide- spread health IT adoption. This issue brief explores what a PHR is, the extent of demand for it, issues that need to be resolved before such records can be expected to proliferate, and public-private efforts to promote them. NATIONAL HEALTH POLICY FORUM FACILITATING DIALOGUE. FOSTERING UNDERSTANDING. Issue Brief – No. 820 November 30, 2006 Personal Health Records: The People’s Choice? Take control, health care consumers are exhorted. Don’t risk having your health information swept away in a storm or unavailable when you are taken unconscious to the emergency room. Safeguard yourself and your family. Become empowered! The empowered consumer, a stock character in health-reform scenarios, is not so easily identified in real life. There is a range of reasons for this: A given consumer may be sick or injured or cognitively impaired, thus lack- ing the ability and/or will to exercise choice. He or she may have been conditioned to do what the doctor says without second-guessing. Most commonly, he or she may lack the information that is the coin of empow- erment.
    [Show full text]
  • Issue Brief: Exploration of a Personal Health Record for Children, Youth and Families Involved with Child Welfare in CA
    Issue Brief: Exploration of a Personal Health Record for Children, Youth and Families Involved with Child Welfare in CA Prepared For: CalAIM Foster Care Model of Care Workgroup to Support Efforts in Exploring a Personal Health Record for Children, Youth and Families for discussion at the April 23, 2021 Workgroup Meeting Prepared By: Health Management Associates (HMA) 1 | P a g e Contents Purpose of the Issue Brief/Executive Summary ...................................................................................... 4 Personal Health Record – Overview...................................................................................................... 10 Value of Personal Health Records in Addressing the Needs of Child Welfare Involved ....................... 11 Snapshot of the Issues Impacting PHRs ................................................................................................ 14 Challenges ........................................................................................................................................ 14 EHR Adoption and Interoperability ............................................................................................. 14 Inconsistent Health Information Exchange ................................................................................. 14 Privacy and Data Sharing Laws and Policies ................................................................................ 15 Opportunities ..................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Perspectives on the Future of Personal Health Records
    Perspectives on the Future of Personal Health Records June 2007 Perspectives on the Future of Personal Health Records Prepared for California HealthCare Foundation by Christopher J. Gearon Contributing Writers Michael Barrett, J.D. Patricia Flatley Brennan, R.N., Ph.D. David Kibbe, M.D., M.B.A. David Lansky, Ph.D. Jeremy Nobel, M.D., M.P.H. Daniel Sands, M.D., M.P.H. June 2007 About the Author Christopher J. Gearon is a freelance health and business writer in Silver Spring, Maryland. About the Foundation The California HealthCare Foundation, based in Oakland, is an independent philanthropy committed to improving California’s health care delivery and financing systems. Formed in 1996, our goal is to ensure that all Californians have access to affordable, quality health care. For more information about CHCF, visit us online at www.chcf.org. ISBN 1-933795-28-X ©2007 California HealthCare Foundation Contents 2 I Introduction 3 II. Background The PHR Market Business Models 6 III. Six Perspectives The Big-Picture Perspective The Consumer Perspective The Physician Perspective The Clinical Technology Perspective The Employer Perspective The Public Health Perspective 25 Endnotes I. Introduction The Internet and other information technologies have transformed American life in the last decade, empowering consumers and the way they work, bank, shop, and travel. However, a similar, long-anticipated transformation in health care has been elusive. Recent interest in a new kind of computerized medical record designed for consumers rather than health care providers could help speed this transformation. As a patient-centric hub of information and tools, personal health records (PHRs) have the potential to make the delivery of health care services more efficient and accessible, less costly, and safer.
    [Show full text]
  • Get Started Implementing the Care Transitions Intervention® in Your Community a Tool Kit for Washington State’S Area Agencies on Aging
    Get Started Implementing the Care Transitions Intervention® in Your Community A Tool Kit for Washington State’s Area Agencies on Aging August 2012 Version 2.0 Get Started Implementing the Care Transitions Intervention® (CTI®) in Your Community Section 1 WHY CTI®? Learn about the In the Medicare Payment Advisory Commission’s Report to the Congress: CTI® Model Promoting Greater Efficiency in Medicare (2011), nearly one in five people with Medicare who are admitted to the hospital will be readmitted with 30 days with 75% of those readmissions preventable. Ensuring a smooth transition from one care setting to another can help reduce readmissions and improve the health Section 2 and quality of life of patients in your community. Train with the Care Transitions Program® The Aging and Disability Resource Center (ADRC) Care Transitions Intervention® Tool Kit was developed to provide you with the tools to support a Care Transitions Program® implementation in your community. The CTI® has been shown to effectively engage patients in managing their own care, resulting in a Section 3 reduction of readmissions. Identify, Orient and Mentor Your Coaches This tool kit is a supplement to Washington Area Agencies on Aging (AAA) that have been, or will be, officially trained in the Care Transition Intervention® (CTI) model. This toolkit is not intended as a substitute for training by the Section 4 Care Transitions Program®, and does not authorize the user to implement the Generate model independently. Interested organizations can contact the Care Transitions Patient Referrals Program® to learn about training options through the website www.caretransitions.org®. The Tool Kit includes a description of the model from the Care Transitions Section 5 Program® website, and an overview of the organizational preparation required Coach Your Patients prior to scheduling training through the Care Transition Program®.
    [Show full text]
  • Health & Coding Terminological Systems
    Health & Coding Terminological Systems Hamideh Sabbaghi, MS Ophthalmic Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Definition of Code Code is considered as word, letter, or number which has been used as passwords instead of words or phrases. Coding System 1. Classification system 2. Nomenclature system Classification System A well-known system of corrections for naming different stages of the disease. Nomenclature System A medical list of a specific system of preferred terms for naming disease. WHO- FIC • Main/reference classification • Related classifications to the main/ reference classification • Driven classification from the main/ reference classification Main/reference classification • ICD- 10 (1990, WHA) • ICD- 11 (2007, WHO) • http://who.int/classifications/apps/icd/icd10online/ ICD with a commonest usage can be used for: • Identification of health trend, mortality and morbidity statistics. • Clinical and health research purposes. Main/reference classification • ICD-9-CM (International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification) • ICF (International Classification of Function, Disability and Health) • ICHI (International Classification of Health Intervention) Related classifications to the main/ reference classification • ATC/DDD (The Anatomical Therapeutic chemical classification system with Defined Daily Doses) • ATCvet (The Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System for veterinary medicinal products) • ICECI (International Classification of External Causes
    [Show full text]