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The Gold Coins of England, Arranged and Described
THE GOLD COINS OF ENGLAND. FMOTTIS PIECE. Edward die Coiiiessor. 16 TT^mund, Abp.of Yo Offa . King of Mercia ?.$.&&>. THE GOLD COINS OF ENGLAND AERANGED AND DESCRIBED BEING A SEQUEL TO MR. HAWKINS' SILVER COINS OF ENGLAND, BY HIS GRANDSON KOBEET LLOYD KENYON See p. 15. Principally from the collection in tlie British Museum, and also from coins and information communicated by J. Evans, Esq., President of the Numismatic. Society, and others. LONDON: BERNARD QUARITCH, 15 PICCADILLY MDCCCLXXXIV. : LONDON KV1AN AND <ON, PRINTERS, HART STREET. COVENT r,ARI>E\. 5 rubies, having a cross in the centre, and evidently intended to symbolize the Trinity. The workmanship is pronounced by Mr. Akerman to be doubtless anterior to the 8th century. Three of the coins are blanks, which seems to prove that the whole belonged to a moneyer. Nine are imitations of coins of Licinius, and one of Leo, Emperors of the East, 308 to 324, and 451 to 474, respectively. Five bear the names of French cities, Mettis, Marsallo, Parisius. Thirty- nine are of the seven types described in these pages. The remaining forty-three are of twenty-two different types, and all are in weight and general appearance similar to Merovingian ti-ientes. The average weight is 19*9 grains, and very few individual coins differ much from this. With respect to Abbo, whose name appears on this coin, the Vicomte de Ponton d'Ainecourt, who has paid great attention to the Merovingian series, has shown in the " Annuaire de la Societe Francaise de Numismatique " for 1873, that Abbo was a moneyer at Chalon-sur-Saone, pro- bably under Gontran, King of Burgundy, a.d. -
THE COINAGE of HENRY VII (Cont.)
THE COINAGE OF HENRY VII (cont.) w. J. w. POTTER and E. J. WINSTANLEY CHAPTER VIII. The Gold Money 1. The Angels and Angelets Type I. The first angels, like the first groats, are identical in style with those of the preceding reigns, having St. Michael with feathered wings and tunic and one foot on the ridged back of a substantial dragon with gaping jaws and coiled tail. There are the same two divisions of compound and single marks, but the latter are of great rarity and have unusual legends and stops and therefore are unlikely to be confused with the less rare earlier angels. Only three of the four compound marks on the groats are found on the type I angels, and they were very differently used. There are no halved lis and rose angels but on the other hand the halved sun and rose is one of the two chief marks found on both obverses and reverses. The lis on rose is also found on obverses and reverses, but the lis on sun and rose is known only on two altered obverses showing Richard Ill's sun and rose mark with superimposed lis (PI. IX, 1). We have examined twenty-one angels, representing practically all the known speci- mens and the summary of the marks on these is as follows: Obverses Reverses 1. Halved sun and rose (3 dies) 1. Halved sun and rose 8 2. Lis on rose 2 2. Lis on rose (3 dies) 1. Lis on rose 6 2. Halved sun and rose 1 3. -
The Milled Coinage of Elizabeth I
THE MILLED COINAGE OF ELIZABETH I D. G. BORDEN AND I. D. BROWN Introduction THIS paper describes a detailed study of the coins produced by Eloy Mestrelle's mill at the Tower of London between 1560 and 1571. We have used the information obtained from an examination of the coins to fill out the story of Eloy and his machinery that is given by the surviving documents. There have been a number of previous studies of this coinage. Peter Sanders was one of the first to provide a listing of the silver coins1 and more recently one of us (DGB) has published photographs of the principal types.2 The meagre documentary evidence relating to this coinage has been chronicled by Ruding,3 Symonds,4 Craig,5 Goldman6 and most recently by Challis.7 Hocking8 and Challis have given accounts of what little it known of the machinery used. This study first summarises the history of Mestrelle and his mill as found in the documents and then describes our die analysis based on an examination of enlarged photographs of 637 coins. We combine these two to propose a classification for the coinage in Appendix 2. Mestrelle and the Milled Coinage of Elizabeth I Queen Elizabeth I succeeded her sister Mary I as queen of England and Ireland in November 1558. On 31 December 1558 she signed a commission to Sir Edmund Peckham as high treasurer of the mint to produce gold and silver coins of the same denominations and standards as those of her sister, differing only in having her portrait and titles.9 The coins struck over the next eighteen months mostly never saw circulation because the large amount of base silver coin in circulation drove all the good coin into private savings or, worse, into the melting pot. -
Monthly Prices of Grains in Gdańsk in the 18 Century Mikołaj Malinowski
Historical Prices and Wages at www.iisg.nl/hpw/ Monthly Prices of Grains in Gdańsk in the 18th Century Mikołaj Malinowski [email protected] Basic Information The file contains monthly information on the lowest and the highest prices of the four grains – wheat, rye, barley and oats – in Gdańsk between 1703 and 1793. The information was obtained from Tadeusz Furtak’s Ceny w Gdańsku w latach 1701-1815, published in Lwów in 1938. The importance of this file, in comparison with the already available annual data for this period, is the fact that it shows monthly observations. In addition, most of the observations present both the minimum and the maximum price for a commodity at a given point in time. Those two features of the new dataset are crucial for any future quantitative research, as it not only provides 12 times more information, but also allows for study of seasonality and short-term price fluctuations. In his seminal work, Tadeusz Furtak gathered prices of a vast amount of commodities traded in Gdańsk. In his research in The National Archive of Gdańsk and the Gdańsk city library he found appropriate material in various sources, such as: bills of the city council; bills of hospitals and prisons; journals like “Exchange Warsaw Journal” (Dziennik Handlowy Warszawski) and “Thornishe Nachrichten”. The bills were however the main source for his work, which poses several problems. According to Furtak himself, the material he used was disorganized; prices were often indicated in different currencies; they represented not only different values of different volumes of the same good, but even different kinds of the same commodity. -
First Session, Commencing at 9.30 Am MISCELLANEOUS AUSTRALIAN
11 First Session, Commencing at 9.30 am Edward VII - Elizabeth II, penny, 1925; threepence, 1910; shilling, 1915H; florins, 1927 Canberra, 1943S, 1951 Jubilee (3), 1953, 1954 Royal Visit, 1957, 1961. Good - uncirculated. (13) $150 12 MISCELLANEOUS AUSTRALIAN COINS George V - Elizabeth II, fl orins, 1918M impressed on obverse 'Sir Charles Hotham' (VG reverse damaged), 1927 Canberra, 1943S, 1954 Royal Visit; shillings, 1943 (VF), 1961-1963; sixpence, 1954; threepences, 1910, 1921M (VF), 1962-1964. 1 In three brand new Supreme albums, uncirculated unless George V, shilling, 1917M; halfpenny, 1930. Attractively otherwise indicated. (14) toned extremely fi ne/good very fi ne; cleaned very fi ne. (2) $250 $50 13 2 George V - Elizabeth II, fl orins, 1927 Canberra (2); sixpence, George V, threepence, 1936; fl orin, 1936. Extremely fi ne; 1922; threepences, 1923 (2); also varieties, fl orins, 1946 mottled toning on obverse, nearly extremely fi ne. (2) large 6 and die cracks, 1951 Jubilee fl orin with die cracks; $70 sixpences, 1928 upright 8, 1934 (3, two with wide date, 3 one with tilted 4); threepences, 1924 dot under emu's tail, George VI, threepence - fl orin, set of four, 1938. The shilling 1934/3 overdate, 1934 arrow close to 4. Very good - very nearly uncirculated, the rest uncirculated, all with mint fi ne. (14) bloom. (4) $100 $200 14 4 Australian medalets, and world issues, also a few tinnies, George V - George VI, penny, 1946; halfpennies, 1914, noted an Irish love token of a gilt Queen Victoria farthing 1930, 1942. The fi rst cleaned now retoning, otherwise very with a green enamel shamrock inset on each side, also silver good - very fi ne. -
Crown Agents Bank's Currency Capabilities
Crown Agents Bank’s Currency Capabilities August 2020 Country Currency Code Foreign Exchange RTGS ACH Mobile Payments E/M/F Majors Australia Australian Dollar AUD ✓ ✓ - - M Canada Canadian Dollar CAD ✓ ✓ - - M Denmark Danish Krone DKK ✓ ✓ - - M Europe European Euro EUR ✓ ✓ - - M Japan Japanese Yen JPY ✓ ✓ - - M New Zealand New Zealand Dollar NZD ✓ ✓ - - M Norway Norwegian Krone NOK ✓ ✓ - - M Singapore Singapore Dollar SGD ✓ ✓ - - E Sweden Swedish Krona SEK ✓ ✓ - - M Switzerland Swiss Franc CHF ✓ ✓ - - M United Kingdom British Pound GBP ✓ ✓ - - M United States United States Dollar USD ✓ ✓ - - M Africa Angola Angolan Kwanza AOA ✓* - - - F Benin West African Franc XOF ✓ ✓ ✓ - F Botswana Botswana Pula BWP ✓ ✓ ✓ - F Burkina Faso West African Franc XOF ✓ ✓ ✓ - F Cameroon Central African Franc XAF ✓ ✓ ✓ - F C.A.R. Central African Franc XAF ✓ ✓ ✓ - F Chad Central African Franc XAF ✓ ✓ ✓ - F Cote D’Ivoire West African Franc XOF ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ F DR Congo Congolese Franc CDF ✓ - - ✓ F Congo (Republic) Central African Franc XAF ✓ ✓ ✓ - F Egypt Egyptian Pound EGP ✓ ✓ - - F Equatorial Guinea Central African Franc XAF ✓ ✓ ✓ - F Eswatini Swazi Lilangeni SZL ✓ ✓ - - F Ethiopia Ethiopian Birr ETB ✓ ✓ N/A - F 1 Country Currency Code Foreign Exchange RTGS ACH Mobile Payments E/M/F Africa Gabon Central African Franc XAF ✓ ✓ ✓ - F Gambia Gambian Dalasi GMD ✓ - - - F Ghana Ghanaian Cedi GHS ✓ ✓ - ✓ F Guinea Guinean Franc GNF ✓ - ✓ - F Guinea-Bissau West African Franc XOF ✓ ✓ - - F Kenya Kenyan Shilling KES ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ F Lesotho Lesotho Loti LSL ✓ ✓ - - E Liberia Liberian -
The Sovereign Guide to Collecting Gold Sovereigns
THE SOVEREIGN EXPERT GUIDE TO COLLECTING GOLD SOVEREIGNS Managing Consultant Alex Hanrahan shares his guide to collecting Gold Sovereigns Alex Hanrahan Managing Consultant ore CPM clients choose to build a collection Mof Gold Sovereigns than any other coin available to date. But with two centuries of Gold Sovereigns to choose from, how do you create a meaningful collection worthy of passing on to your children and grandchildren? Reverse side of Obverse side of 1817 Sovereign 2017 Sovereign Let’s start with the question of “Why collect Gold Sovereigns?” CPM, PO Box 7776, Poole, BH12 9HR 1 Why Collect Gold Sovereigns? uite simply the Gold Sovereign is without rival as the United QKingdom’s premiere Gold Coin. Struck from 22 Carat Gold to the exact same specification since 1817, it epitomises all that is British. Traded across the world during the 19th Century and early 20th Century, it became known as “The Chief Coin of the World”, whilst today’s modern Proof Sovereigns show consistent collector interest and regular sell-outs. What’s more the Gold Sovereign remains both popular and accessible, with many options to create meaningful collections at affordable prices, even going right back to George III’s reign. " So how do I ensure I create a meaningful Gold Sovereign collection?" The key is to select an element that ties together the Gold Sovereigns in your collection to create a historically meaningful collection. Here are my top 5 recommendations for building a Gold Sovereign collection. To give you some sense of affordability and ease of completion, I have rated each out of 5 stars. -
XXXVI. Remarks on the Firft Noble, Coined 18 Ed- Ward III, A.D
C 316 ] XXXVI. Remarks on the firft Noble, coined 18 Ed- ward III, A.D. 1334; wherein a new and more rational Interpretation is given of the Legend on the Reverfe. By the Rev. Mr. Pegge* Read at the SOCIETY of ANTIQUARIES, 27 May, 1773V ING. Edward III. may properly be efteemed the father of the gold fpecie- of England, notwithftanding fome fin- gular appearances which precede his time; fince gold has in a: manner continued to be minted without interruption ever iince his reign. IN the 18th year of this king's reign, (27 January, 1344,)' florins of fix fhillings value were coined, with half-florins and* quarter-florins. The firffc were imprefled with two leopards; the fecond* with one; and the third, with an helmet, infigned or furmounted with a lion [#J. None of thefe pieces, how- ever, except the quarter-florin, the property of the late Brian Fairfax, efq; [£], have ever been feen by our Antiquaries; but; of this we have a type both in Mr. Folkes's [c] and Mr. Snell-r ing's plates [d]; and a verbal defcription of. it both'by Mr, Snelling; and Mr. Wife [e]. [] Wife's Num.Bodh CataF:.p. 233. [b~\ Snelling's View of the gold coin of England, p. 2 PI. I. N° 1. [<TJ PJ. I. [i\ Loc. Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. INSEAD, on 03 Oct 2018 at 12:01:09, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0261340900016234 Mr. -
Indicators of Sovereign Ideology
Law Enforcement Sensitive Version 1 Indicators of Sovereign Ideology A Basic Guide for Law Enforcement This document serves as an aide for law enforcement and is intended to be used as a reference tool only. Law enforcement officials should develop independent probable cause when conducting investigations. Information presented is for situational awareness and is NOT indicative of criminal activity or threat of violence. Translation: Force of the County Bumper Stickers US Statute used to illustrate an individual is not a “corporate” citizen but an “American National” Uniform Commercial Code Flags and Insignias Republic of Alabama Flag RuSA present in Tennessee Distress Flag “Civil Flag” Moorish Sovereign Citizens Flags and Specific to Insignias Washitaw Prominent, but not limited to, the western region of Tennessee. This is a legitimate Common: Moorish Washitaw organizational “Moorish American flag. This has been National Government” used by individuals Mu’ur adhering to sovereign citizen ideology. Cherokee Country/Nation Cherokee Country Turtle Island Prominent in the eastern region of Tennessee. Logos on documentation to include driver license, vehicle registration or license plates. Common Turtle Island Cherokee Nation of Indians Cherokee Country Little Shell Law Enforcement Sensitive Law Enforcement Sensitive Posters and License Plates Version 1 Posters have been found taped to vehicle windows and at the entrance of property. Tags may infer diplomatic status Republic of Alabama License Plate Religious Symbols Religious symbols, specifically those of the Pope or Vatican, have been used due to their established sovereignty. This concept appeals to some sovereign ideologies in the United States, and formulates one of the foundations of their belief system. -
Gold, Silver and the Double-Florin
GOLD, SILVER AND THE DOUBLE-FLORIN G.P. DYER 'THERE can be no more perplexing coin than the 4s. piece . .'. It is difficult, perhaps, not to feel sympathy for the disgruntled Member of Parliament who in July 1891 expressed his unhappiness with the double-florin.1 Not only had it been an unprecedented addition to the range of silver currency when it made its appearance among the Jubilee coins in the summer of 1887, but its introduction had also coincided with the revival after an interval of some forty years of the historic crown piece. With the two coins being inconveniently close in size, weight and value (Figure 1), confusion and collision were inevitable and cries of disbelief greeted the Chancellor of the Exchequer, George Goschen, when he claimed in the House of Commons that 'there can hardly be said to be any similarity between the double florin and the crown'.2 Complaints were widespread and minting of the double-florin ceased in August 1890 after scarcely more than three years. Its fate was effectively sealed shortly afterwards when an official committee on the design of coins, appointed by Goschen, agreed at its first meeting in February 1891 that it was undesirable to retain in circulation two large coins so nearly similar in size and value and decided unanimously to recommend the withdrawal of the double- florin.3 Its demise passed without regret, The Daily Telegraph recalling a year or two later that it had been universally disliked, blessing neither him who gave nor him who took.4 As for the Fig. -
A Group of Coins Struck in Roman Britain
A group of coins struck in Roman Britain 1001 Antoninus Pius (AD.138-161), Æ as, believed to be struck at a British travelling mint, laur. bust r., rev. BRITANNIA COS III S C, Britannia seated on rock in an attitude of sadness, wt. 12.68gms. (Sp. COE no 646; RIC.934), patinated, almost extremely fine, an exceptional example of this very poor issue £800-1000 This was struck to commemorate the quashing of a northern uprising in AD.154-5 when the Antonine wall was evacuated after its construction. This issue, always poorly struck and on a small flan, is believed to have been struck with the legions. 1002 Carausius, usurper in Britain (AD.287-296), Æ antoninianus, C mint, IMP C CARAVSIVS PF AVG, radiate dr. bust r., rev. VIRTVS AVG, Mars stg. l. with reversed spear and shield, S in field,in ex. C, wt. 4.63gms. (RIC.-), well struck with some original silvering, dark patina, extremely fine, an exceptional example, probably unique £600-800 An unpublished reverse variety depicting Mars with these attributes and position. Recorded at the British Museum. 1003 Carausius, usurper in Britain (AD.287-296), Æ antoninianus, London mint, VIRTVS CARAVSI AVG, radiate and cuir. bust l., holding shield and spear, rev. PAX AVG, Pax stg. l., FO in field, in ex. ML, wt. 4.14gms. (RIC.116), dark patina, well struck with a superb military-style bust, extremely fine and very rare thus, an exceptional example £1200-1500 1004 Diocletian, struck by Carausius, usurper in Britain (AD.287-296), Æ antoninianus, C mint, IMP C DIOCLETIANVS AVG, radiate cuir. -
A REVIE\I\T of the COINAGE of CHARLE II
A REVIE\i\T OF THE COINAGE OF CHARLE II. By LIEUT.-COLONEL H. W. MORRIESON, F.s.A. PART I.--THE HAMMERED COINAGE . HARLES II ascended the throne on Maj 29th, I660, although his regnal years are reckoned from the death of • his father on January 30th, r648-9. On June 27th, r660, an' order was issued for the preparation of dies, puncheons, etc., for the making of gold and" silver coins, and on July 20th an indenture was entered into with Sir Ralph Freeman, Master of the Mint, which provided for the coinage of the same pieces and of the same value as those which had been coined in the time of his father. 1 The mint authorities were slow in getting to work, and on August roth an order was sent to the vVardens of the Mint directing the engraver, Thomas Simon, to prepare the dies. The King was in a hurry to get the money bearing his effigy issued, and reminders were sent to the Wardens on August r8th and September 2rst directing them to hasten the issue. This must have taken place before the end of the year, because the mint returns between July 20th and December 31st, r660,2 showed that 543 lbs. of silver, £r683 6s. in value, had been coined. These coins were considered by many to be amongst the finest of the English series. They fittingly represent the swan song of the Hammered Coinage, as the hammer was finally superseded by the mill and screw a short two years later. The denominations coined were the unite of twenty shillings, the double crown of ten shillings, and the crown of five shillings, in gold; and the half-crown, shilling, sixpence, half-groat, penny, 1 Ruding, II, p" 2.