121 September 2009

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Belgian Laces

Kerkakkerstraat in Hansbeke (Nevele) By Rudy Dhoore http://www.flickr.com/photos/erfgoed/2356383812/

Volume 31 - #121 September 2009 Our principal BELGIAN LACES: Official Quarterly Bulletin of objective is: THE BELGIAN RESEARCHERS Keep the Belgian Belgian American Heritage Association Heritage alive Dear Members! Once again it was a special treat to listen to the in our hearts and in Where has the year gone by? And WHEN did it Queen Elisabeth Competition on the internet the hearts of our happen? It’s hard to believe we are once again coming and this year I can even say I was there to hear the posterity to the last quarter of the year. crowd roar when Hugo De Pril, announced Ray Earlier this summer Guy and I revamped our web page CHEN, the winner of the 2009 Violin nd THE BELGIAN and added some features that you should find Competition. Belgian Lorenzo GATTO took 2 interesting. prize which also came with a standing ovation RESEARCHERS Space always seems to be a problem for Belgian Lace: from the crowd. He most shined in his rendition

Belgian American there is never enough of it! SO we hope to remedy this of Paganini’s Concerto n. 1 in D major op. 6. As the days went by all of these marvelous by making more information available online for Heritage Association everyone. violinists won more than one heart. It was hard to

Our organization was Guy has already made room for see any of them not make the top 6, especially

founded in 1976 and - Family histories: some researchers have already American Noah Bendix-Balgley. submitted some to be uploaded Go check it out. welcomes as members http://www.rootsweb.ancestry. com/~inbr/servicesAmVar.htm Any person of Belgian - A Research Tip blog will also keep the researchers abreast of new sites and give practical tips on how to descent interested in use these sites.

Genealogy, History, http://thebelgianresearchers.blogspot.com /

Biography or Heraldry, This will be used to show everyone how to use foreign sites mostly. I had to take a breather for a couple of either amateur or months due to happy family events: the birth of a http://www.deredactie.be/cm/vrtnieuws.english/fl grand-daughter Brianne and our oldest son’s wedding. professional. anders%2Btoday/1.538283 One more week and we should be in the clear. You are invited to - Ray Chen (Queen Fabiola Prize) - Australia We do still need help indexing the many different projects now open but we are working on simplify - Lorenzo Gatto (Eugène Ysaÿe or Belgian Federal become a member and Government Prize) - Belgium things so you don’t feel left to yourself in the process. to participate actively in - Ilian Gârnet (Count de Launoit Prize) - Moldavia I so appreciate your contributions to the site but also to - Kim Suyoen (Prize of the governments of the Belgian the work of the society. the birth of Belgian Laces issues. This one is most Communities) - Korea The annual membership inspiring to me! Thank You! I hope you will enjoy - Nikita Borisoglebsky (Brussels Capital Region Prize) - BL121 as much as I have in putting it together. Russia fee includes a Enjoy! - Yoon Soyoung (City of Brussels Prize) - Korea subscription to the Régine

quarterly Table of Contents BELGIAN LACES Letter from the Editor/News Inside Cover President-Editor: Books in Review p73 Régine Brindle Hansbeke Emigratie Naar Amerika: 1830 – 1930 p74 Kroniek van Hansbeke: Emigratie naar Amerika p75 Treasurer/Secretary: Belgians in the US Army 1830-1859 p76 Melanie Reynolds The passengers of the Garland and Peter Godfrey p81 Past Presidents: Belgians on the WWI Draft Cards p83 Micheline Gaudette The Ancestors of Jean Arthur DETHIERE p85 Pierre Inghels Pennsylvania and West Virginia Obituaries p87 Co-Founders: Belgians on the 1900 Census: Cook Co, IL – Chicago (part 1 of 13) p89 Micheline Gaudette & Obituaries from Canada and Michigan p91 Belgians in 1906 Saskatchewan p94 Ardiena Stegen Joseph SCHMETZ: 1891-1944 p95 Deadline for Belgian passengers listed on the “Scotian” p99 submission of Articles A sip of history: Beer in the Middle Ages p100 to Belgian Laces: Researching Online: Links of interest/FamilySearch indexing Update p101 March 1 – June 1 Belgian Glassworkers and the Founding of South Charleston 1907-1928 p102 September 1 - December 1 Index p103

Paper: $20 (US/Can) $30 Overseas Contact Information: THE BELGIAN RESEARCHERS - 495 East 5th Street - Peru IN 46970 ISSN: 1046-0462 Tel/Fax:765-473-5667 OR e-mail [email protected]

Electronic ONLY: $10 All subscriptions are for the calendar year-*New subscribers receive the four issues of the current year, regardless when paid Content of the articles is the sole responsibility of their authors - All Rights Reserved ISSN: 1554-2432 (anywhere) Content Can Not Be Reproduced or Redistributed without Prior Authorization from The Belgian Researchers, Inc Belgian Laces Vol#31 -121

Hansbeekse Emigratie naar Amerika 1830 – 1930 (Emigration from Hansbeke to the USA between 1830 and 1930) By Willy Quintyn and Marc Van Ooteghem, Published by “Oud-Hansbeke” In Dutch, 204 pages, more than 50 photos

A cultural history of the village of “Hansbeke” near Gent, East Flanders, Belgium. Hansbeke is a small village, meanly 2000 and 2200 habitants, 700 of them emigrated between 1830 and 1930. The authors did research on this phenomena and published the results.

Books will be available end of June 2009. Price 12 euro, shipping and handling NOT included. http://landvannevele.com/index.htm

Contact via e-mail at [email protected] or [email protected]

Retrouver Ses Ancêtres Belges (Finding your Belgian Ancestors) By Christophe DRUGY

After giving some advice on how to begin researching, this book (in French) gives an overview of the public archives, focusing most especially on Brussels and Luxemburg and the Germanic Region. Other records more specific to these regions are also discussed. Were your ancestors in the military, were they protestants, nobles, miners or migrants far from their native land? This book should give you practical advice to find them. Services offered by the many genealogical societies and the new technology are also covered. And finally appendices provide historical timelines, a French-Dutch word list, addresses on the Benelux and northern France as well as many other bibliographical clues.

http://boutique.geneanet.org/catalog/product_info.php?products_id=105455&osCsid=84fc56e5b69f4ca27b0bf9feebdb04df Hardbound book Published 2009 - ISBN : 978-2-35077-115-1 - Format : 17 X 24 cm – 152 pages

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HANSBEEKSE EMIGRATIE NAAR AMERIKA 1830 – 1930 By Marc Van Ooteghem, submitted by Gwen DeMaegd Contact Info: [email protected]

The great wave of emigration from Europe, mainly to the United States of America and in much lesser extent to Canada and even Argentina, which took place from the end of the 19th century and beginning 20th century did not leave Hansbeke untouched. On the contrary, numerous citizens of OUD-HANSBEKE Hansbeke decided to leave their town in the hope to build a better life in their new homeland.

We may assume that the story of the emigration out of Hansbeke started around 170 years ago, between 1830 and 1930 the majority of the citizen left. The crisis of the 1930's and the outbreak of the Second World War put an end to the massive emigration. After the Second World War only a few still took their chance.

In three parts we bring you a remarkable story about residents of Hansbeke who, due to mainly economical reasons and the urge to build up a better and decent living, left their town to seek fortune and luck in the Unites States of America.

In the first part we analyze the causes and consequences of this massive emigration. We look in to the different crisis which hit the 19th century population and which undoubtedly made a large number of them decide to escape their hopeless situation by making the radical decision to emigrate.

The story starts with the departure from Hansbeke, the crossing by ship from Antwerp to New York, until finally reaching their new home - what preparations had to be South Bend Tribune, South Bend, IN made, how the voyage went, the arrival in New York and the places where the emigrants finally settled down.

The reader will notice that the State of Indiana and in particular the town of Mishawaka will play a significant role in this tale of emigration. We will go herein further into detail.

In the second part we describe the history of a few families of emigrants. Where have they settled down and how successful was their life.

In the third part the reader will find an extensive source description followed by a chronologic list of more than 700 emigrants of Hansbeke.

During our research and even when contacting the family members of the emigrants of Hansbeke, it became evident that to this day, little is known of this remarkable chapter in our town's history.

We bring the story on 204 pages, more than 50 photos, some of them in color.

This book is intended to increase understanding about the Hansbeke emigration phenomena. It is up to the reader to judge this. Photo by Rudi Dhoore - http://www.flickr.com/photos/erfgoed/154924549/

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Kroniek van Hansbeke: Emigratie naar Amerika http://users.skynet.be/oud-hansbeke/web/OH-KroniekFramPageE.htm 1. 1833 – 1890: Between 1833 and 1890 only 50 “Hansbekenaren” (people from Hansbeke) emigrated to America. Name Age Status Occupation Address Left Ship Destination Reyniers, Frederick 22y S smith Dorp 28 5 Nov 1833 Groton Mishawaka Reyniers, Désire 23y S clog maker Dorp 28 05-11-1833 Groton Mishawaka Vanronslé, Charles 17y S timmerman Dorp 47 05-11-1833 Groton Mishawaka Reyniers, Leon 30y S Dorp 28 ±1843 Mishawaka Reyniers, Bernard (x) 39y M smith ±1843 Mishawaka Van Necke, Virginie 32y M housewife ±1843 Mishawaka Reyniers, Marie-Clemence 5y S zonder ±1843 Mishawaka Reyniers, Hypolitus 3y S zonder ±1843 Mishawaka Lambrecht, Karel-Louis 35y S farmer Rho 39 15-10-1846 Amerika Vandevelde, Seraphien 24y S 03-07-1848 Sarah Amerika Reyniers, Eduard 40y S Dorp 50 ±1849 Mishawaka Seimortier, Hyppolyte S smith Dorp 50 20-04-1866 Amerika De Decker, Jan-(Baptist) 30y S Pontweg 5 20-04-1866 Amerika Van Holsbeke, Leander (x) 28y M dienstknecht 1866 Amerika Santens, Francisca 40y M werkvrouw 1866 Amerika Blomme, Frederik (x) 31y M timmerman 1869 Mishawaka De Decker, Appolonia 31y M herbergierster 1869 Mishawaka Van Huffel, Petrus (x) 23y M hoefsmid 1872 Mishawaka De Vreese, Clementina 21y M farmer 1872 Mishawaka Dhooghe, Charles-Louis 19y S Veldstraat 12 11-06-1872 Moline Van Huffel, Leon (x) 65y M smith Dorp 74 19-06-1872 Mishawaka Van Vooren, Victoria M housewife Dorp 74 19-06-1872 Mishawaka Van Huffel, Isidore 30y S Dorp 74 19-06-1872 Mishawaka Van Huffel, Octavie-Marie 28y S Dorp 74 19-06-1872 Mishawaka Van Huffel, Seraphine 24y S Dorp 74 19-06-1872 Mishawaka Van Huffel, Petrus 25y S Dorp 74 19-06-1872 Mishawaka Van Huffel, Emile 20y S Dorp 74 19-06-1872 Mishawaka Reyniers, August (x) 28y M 1872 Amerika De Vreese, Ida-Albertina 22y M 1872 Amerika De Decker, Rosalie 40y S naaister Hamme 28-02-1873 Mishawaka Buyse, Jan-Francies 28y S farmer Veldstraat 4 Mishawaka Van Hee, Isidore (x) 39y M hoefsmid ±1875 Mishawaka Reyniers, Maria-Paulina 31y M housewife ±1875 Mishawaka Reyniers, Arthur-August (x) 26y M ±1875 Mishawaka Van Huffel, Prudence 24y M housewife ±1875 Mishawaka Nieuwland, Jan-Baptiste (x) 31y M landman Reibroek 1880 South Bend Van Hoecke, Philomena 39y M kantwerkster Reibroek 1880 South Bend Nieuwland, Julius 2y S zonder Reibroek 1880 South Bend Van de Voorde, August (x) 36y M farmer Reibroek 1880 Mishawaka De Vreese, Clementine 35y M housewife Reibroek 1880 Mishawaka Van de Voorde, Joseph 1y O zonder Reibroek 1880 Mishawaka Billiet, Henri (x) 38y M ±1880 Toledo/Ohio Reyniers, Sylvia 37y M ±1880 Toledo/Ohio Bultinck, Paulina, wwe De Meester 30y winkelierster Dorp 97 18-08-1883 Amerika De Meester, Renatus 8y S zonder Dorp 97 18-08-1883 Amerika De Meester, Virginie 6y S zonder Dorp 97 18-08-1883 Amerika De Meester, Emma 4y S zonder Dorp 97 18-08-1883 Amerika Sergeant, Louis 51y P slachter Dorp 3 1885 Amerika Van Ooteghem, Polydoor (x) 42y M metser Dorp 60 10-05-1890 Amerika Van de Walle, Marie-Emilie 41y M housekeeper Dorp 60 10-05-1890 Amerika Van Ooteghem, Julien-Carolus 3y S zonder Dorp 60 10-05-1890 Amerika Van Ooteghem, Zulma 2y S zonder Dorp 60 10-05-1890 Amerika

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Belgians in the US Army 1830-1859 By Guy Gallez

The following data is extracted from the "Descriptive and Historical Register of Enlisted Soldiers of the Army" used in Washington to track all of the soldiers enlisted in the regular army by date and then alphabetically. Those registers are now accessible on www.ancestry.com. Lucky for us, one of the numerous pieces of information is the "Place of birth". Other information given is the Name, City of Birth, enlistment date and place, presiding officer, hair color, eye color, complexion, height, regiment and company, and date and place of discharge, desertion or death with sometime other comments.

I here transcribed and checked the entries for the men born "Belgium"1 and enlisted between 1830 and 1859 and extracted the pertinent information, i.e.: name, age, city of birth when given, civil occupation, date and place of enlistment, the Unit(s) where they served and all the information concerning their separation from the army. And to better understand their living conditions in the Army I added information concerning their pay and recruitment and included parts of their Units histories, when found and when pertinent, and also added information as to their army life. Some enlisted before 1830, but they are not listed here.

Recruiting for the US Army has always been difficult and keeping them in the service even more difficult. You'll see here a lot of "deserters" but it was a common way and maybe the only one to get out of the service before their term of 5 years. Between 1823 and 1830 the rate of desertion was estimated at 42 %. In the Army General Report of 1826, it is stated that " a majority of private soldiers...scarcely regard... desertion as an act of turpitude. In 1833, the problem was so acute than some measures were taken: - the private's pay was raised to $6 per month but $1 a month was withheld for two years and only paid after that time - the army term, usually 5 years, was shortened to 3 years.

In an army of 12,500 men only 2 Belgians enlisted under those conditions. The first was sent to Florida to fight in the Seminole or Florida War. The historian of the 4th Infantry state: "The region in which the troops were compelled to operate consisted of swamps, overflowed thickets, and dense tropical forests of unknown extent. Poisonous insects and serpents under foot and an atmosphere reeking with fevers and disease overhead... For days at a time the troops waded in the swamps or patrolled the streams in search of an enemy who only showed himself when in sufficient numbers to massacre isolated detachments... the Fourth Infantry bore an honorable part. It participated in nearly all of the engagements and lost severely in killed and wounded, and, what in that region was worse, in missing, the totals for the regiment being: Officers killed in action or died of disease, 6; men killed in action or died of disease, 128". The second spent those years on the Canadian border.

Name Age City Occupation Enlisted Unit Franc Willibrod 28 county D'Etalle laborer 11 8 1836 Louisville 4 Inf. D Died 18 Sept 1837 from Surgeon General’s Office at Fort Brooke, Florida (private) Daniel H Johnson 14 Ghent Musician 22 8 1837 New York 1 Art. A Discharged 22 June 1840, expiration of service. → Reenlisted 22 June 1840

In 1838 the strength of the army was reduced to 8,500 men. This was done by reducing the strength of each company from 100 to 64 men instead of eliminating Units. The traditional 5 year enlistment was restored and the pay increased to $ 7 but $1 was withheld each month till the end of the enlistment. None of those measures changed anything in the soldier’s behavior and the still low pay was not very attractive. And still very few Belgian emigrants enlisted.

Louis Eiseschmied 29 soldier 9 10 1838 Baltimore 1st Dragon Deserted 15 Nov. 1638 Joseph Dominick Hencke 31 Verveid 10 11 1838 New Orleans 3, 7 Inf D Discharged 1 Sept. 1840 for disability at Camp near Mount Vernont Arsenal, Alabama (a Private). Deserted 9 Feb. 1839, apprehended 25 Jan. 1840. Charles Man 34 Ostend Soldier 15 2 1839 New Orleans 3 Inf. D Deserted 23 Nov. 1842. Note: at that time, the Regiment was in Florida John Draime 22 Sailor 27 3 1839 Cleveland 2 Art. F Discharged 27 March 1844, expiration of service, at Fort Hamilton N.Y. ( a Private) → Reenlisted 15 Aug. 1845

1 Not only « Belgium » but also a lot of spellings. Ancestry is not very accurate with the transcription of data and I found Belgians under numerous origins : Balginm, Balgium, Belgaum, Belgeum, Belgian, Belgien, Belgienn, Belgimin, Belgimn, Belginne, Belginon, Belgique, Belgiume, Belgiurn, Belgmin, Belgram, Belgravian, Belguin, Belguirn, Belgurin, Beligmer, Beljeum, Belqinm, Bilginne, Bilogiun, It’s not all, I also found: Flanders, Brabont, Brabant, Brusssels, Brussells. If you found other lost Belgians under weird origins, e-mail to the Belgian Researchers, I’ll add them to this list with great pleasure.

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Henry J Draime 21 Sailor 27 3 1839 Cleveland 2 Art. F Discharged 27 March 1844, expiration of service, at Fort Hamilton N.Y. ( a Corporal) Daniel H Johnston 17 Ghent soldier 22 6 1840 Houston 1 Art. A Discharged 22 June 1845, expiration of service, at Fort Preble, Maine (a Fifes) 2nd enlistment. Francis Storm 22 Antwerp clerk 23 12 1840 New York 7 Inf. A Discharged 23 Dec. 1845, expiration of service, at Corpus Christi, Texas (a Sergeant) Frederick Sneader 28 Flanders/Strasburg? Soldier 10 5 1841 New Orleans 4 Inf. H 4 Inf. H discharged May 1846 expiration of service at Matamoros Mexico; Note: It was not his first engagement: 3rd or 4th.. I found a Frederick Snyder in 1838 born France/Flanders and a Frederick Schneider in 1835 born France/Runsenham in the records. There is town named “Drusenheim” near Strasburg, France. Joseph Forrest 27 Luxenburgh stonemason 12 10 1841 St Louis Ordnance Discharged 3 Sept. 1844, by order, for disability, at St Louis Arsenal Mo. (Arsenal) Nicolas Schumacher 32 laborer 3 1 1845 Detroit 5 Inf. H Died 27 May 1846, wounded in action 9 May 1846 at Resaca de la Palma and died at Point Isabel, Texas (a Private) Frederick Donates 21 farmer 7 3 1845 Detroit 5 Inf. H Died 9 June 1847 at Puebla Mexico (a Private) John Roland 24 farmer 10 3 1845 Detroit 5 Inf. I&H Died 10 June 1846, at St Joseph Island, Texas (a Private) Louis De Kay 32 farmer 12 6 1845 Detroit 5 Inf. C&K Discharged 16 May 1848 for disability at New Orleans Bks (a Private). Wounded in action 9 May 1846 at Resaca de la Palma John F Draime 25 soldier 15 8 1845 Ft Niagara 2 Inf. A Deserted 17 March 1849. His regiment was engaged in numerous engagements with the Mexican Arm from their arrival in Mexico until they returned to New York in March of 1848. 2nd enlistment.

The war with Mexico (April 24, 1846, to May 30, 1848) brought more change in the army. In May 1846 it was increased by 10,000 to reach a potential of almost 18 000 men but at the end of the year the number of enlisted men was far from attaining that limit. 7,000 soldiers were still missing. Few people were eager to enlist as by that time: too many men had heard of the disease, death or drudgery that awaited them in Mexico. Charles L Cools 30 Brussels laborer 7 8 1846 Detroit 6 Inf. A Died 8 July 1847 at Puebla Mexico (a Private) John A Cramer 25 clerk 26 8 1846 New York 5 Art. G Died 28 May 1847 at Vera Cruz (a Private) Note: the General Hospital for the Army was established in Vera Cruz. Eugene H Dhondt 27 printer 22 9 1846 Milwaukee 6 Inf. A Certificate for Pension 21 Dec. 1848 at Fort Snelling Minn. Ter. (a Private) Hyacinthe Deom 29 Arlon cook 21 10 1846 New Orleans 1 Art. C no further information in the Register ! Stephen Weber 28 Luxemburg tailor 16 2 1847 Albany 3 Art. E rejected 20 April 47 at Buena Vista Mex.

Note: Frederick Donates and Charles Cools were maybe the victims of diarrhea : "Diarrhea "in its most fatal and destructive form" struck Scott's men when they reached Puebla. In one regiment men were soon dying at the rate of two a day. Over 1,000 there were on sick report as of 4 June 1847. Surgeons blamed the disease rate on bad food, the change in diet, poor cooking, the weather, and the weakened condition of the men. When the army left Puebla during the second week in August, 2,000 men who were sick or convalescent stayed behind".

The solution to the problem of recruitment came from the "Ten Regiment Bill" voted in February 1847. The enlistment was only for the duration of the war and a soldier was assured at discharge of a land bonus of 160 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Battle_of_Veracruz.jpg acres for 12 months of service and 40 acres if he served less than one year. The regiments so formed were a regiment of Dragons, the 9th to 16th Infantry and a regiment of "Voltigeurs and foot riflemen". The strength of the companies was also raised anew from 64 to 100 men to replenish the existing Units. 77

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Some Belgians enlisted in those new regiments:

Charles Scheppers 29 Malines soldier 5 3 1847 Philadelphia Volt. B Discharged for "Ordinary disability" 27 March 1848 at New Orleans Bks (a Private) Note : The Voltigeurs were assembled at Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, and made movement by land and river transport to New Orleans, Louisiana. After the war, the Voltigeurs performed routine garrison and occupation duties in Mexico until their disbandment in August 1848. Peter Till 29 cooper 13 4 1847 Hellesburg? 15 Inf. I Killed in battle at Churubusco, Mexico (a Private) 20 Aug. 1847 Peter Youghbluth 28 mechanic 8 7 1847 Canton O. 15 Inf. F Discharged 4 Aug. 1848, expiration of service, at Camp Beathy (a Private) Michael Fierson 32 laborer 31 7 1847 Canton O. 15 Inf. Deserted 26 Oct. 1847Note : The 15th Infantry fought with distinction in the battles of Contreras and Churubusco, as well as smaller engagements before storming the walls of Chapultepec in Mexico City itself. Following garrison duty in Mexico City and Cuernavaca, the regiment returned to the United States for deactivation in August 1848. One Belgian enlisted in the strengthened 2nd Infantry : John N Henry 24 farmer 31 5 1847 Buffalo 2 Inf K Discharged 23 July 1848, expiration of service, at Pascagoula Others never joined : John Pierle 26 Ghent engineer 19 8 1847 Newport Ky Discharged 20 June 1848, expiration of service, at Newport Bks (a recruit) Thomas Ellis 22 Brussels painter 19 8 1847 Newport, Ky Discharged 20 June 1848, expiration of service, at Newport Bks (a recruit) James Decline 32 Antwerp Belgian soldier 6 1 1848 Deserted 26 Sept. 1848

Mexico City surrendered 14 September 1847 and on February 1848 a peace treaty was signed at Guadalupe Hidalgo. The Mexico war increased greatly the western territories of the USA, from Texas and California to the Canadian border (treaty of 1846 with Great Britain). Nevertheless, the regiments created by the "Ten Regiment Bill" were disbanded and the army reverted to a peacetime strength of 10 000 men, the same as it was authorized in 1815. Regiments were stretched very thin and scattered in the West in small posts often garrisoned by only one company at a time. 80 % was infantry, not a very good response to the Indian tribes on the warpath, all mounted warriors. Henry Argenot 27 swordsman 17 3 1848 New Orleans 30 Orgs G Discharged 8 Aug. 1848, expiration of service, at Jefferson Bks, St Louis, Missouri (a Private) Jean B Seghers 26 Beawode? Sailor 7 6 1848 Buffalo Deserted 9 June 1848 Gerard Von Pickren 29 'French' gunsmith 8 9 1848 St Louis 6 Inf. K Discharged 8 Sept. 1853, expiration of service at Washington → Reenlisted 5 Oct. 1853 Henry Williman 19 Antwerp Musician 26 6 1849 New York 1 Art. Band Discharged 26 June 1852, by Order, at Tampa Bay, Florida (a Private) Leopold Williman 17 Antwerp Musician 26 6 1849 New York 1 Art. Band Deserted July 25, 1851 Francis Cantoni 24 Brussels seaman 9 8 1849 Philadelphia 7 Inf. no further information in the Register ! Louis Morel 33 Ath cook 20 9 1849 Newport Died 11 March 1858 at Newport Ky, a recruit John T Cleen 31 Liège teacher 12 12 1849 Albany 3 Inf. A Died2 March 1851 at Cantonment, Dawson Texas (a Private) Joseph Horner Jus. 21 Konigswerth engineer 10 2 1850 New York 1 Art. Band Discharged 2 Aug. 1852, Ordinary disability, at Fort Brooke, Florida (a Private)

In June 1850, the Army was expanded to 14 000 but failed to stretch much above the 10 000 mark until a second troop increase in 1855. During the 1850s twice as many immigrants enlisted as native Americans. Half of the foreigners came from Ireland and a fifth from Germany. During those years, the U.S. Army suffered an annual attrition rate of 28 % due to desertion, discharge and death from combat, accident or disease. Desertion alone emptied the ranks almost as fast as they were filled. Soldiering in the West was rarely fun. Either a tedious sort of life or demanding the last ounce of physical strength such as only an iron constitution can stand. Jean P Wagner 22 Arlon laborer 7 1 1851 Buffalo 8 Inf. G Discharged 7 Jan. 1856, expiration of service, at Fort Davis, Texas (a Sergeant) → Reenlisted 3 May 1856 78

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Louis Ross 23 Ghent farmer 26 8 1851 Dayton Deserted 1 Sept. 1851 at Dayton, Ohio Cornelius Block 29 Antwerpen farmer 8 11 1851 New York 2 Inf. Deserted 1 Mar 1852 at Benicia, California Nicholas Gerard 26 Hasselt laborer 12 3 1852 Buffalo 1 Inf. B Discharged 24 Febr 1855, Ordinary disability, at Fort Duncan, Texas (a Private) Dennis Poplemons 28 Brussels weaver 3 5 1852 Albany 4 Inf. K Discharged 3 may 1857, expiration of service, at Fort Walla Walla, W. T. (a Private) → Reenlisted 26 June 1857 Peter Camper 30 Antwerp laborer 11 5 1852 Baltimore 4 Inf. E Discharged 11 May 1857, expiration of service, at Fort Jones, Cal. (a Private) → Reenlisted 20 July 1857 William Dubois 21 Brussels laborer 10 9 1852 Albany 7 Inf. A Died of "Yellow fever" 21 Nov. 53 at Fort Brown, Texas (a Private) Henry Braeckmans 20 Antwerp farmer 25 10 1852 Albany Genl Serv. Discharged 21 Oct., at Fort Columbus N.Y. (a Private); deserted from 5 Aug. 1854 to 7 Nov. 1854 → Reenlisted 21 Oct. 1857 Henry Collin 27 Brabant brewer 26 10 1852 Albany 8 Inf. F Died 10 Oct. 1853 at Fort Mc Kavett, Texas (a Private) Frank Pennelle 25 Brugge carpenter 26 11 1852 New York 2 Drgs B Deserted 11 Feb. 1854 John Edward Willems 28 Diest laborer 11 12 1852 Rochester 8 Inf. A Discharged 11 Oct. 1857,by reenlist in Co, at Fort Davis, Texas (a Private) → Reenlisted 11 Oct. 1857 Paul Stevens 22 Brussels laborer 14 12 1852 New York Deserted 22 June 1854 John Parant 32 Brussels farmer 5 5 1853 St Louis 3 Inf. D Discharged 17 March 1856, Ordinary disability, at Cantonment Burgevin? N.M. (a Private) Charles De Pell 23 Ghent laborer 9 8 1853 Baton Rouge Ordnance Deserted 27 March 1854 Gerard Von Pickerson 34 gunsmith 5 10 1853 St Louis Ordnance Discharged 31 March 1856,By order "no longer required" at St Louis arsenal (an armorer) 3rd enlistment, 6 Inf. Co. K Thomas Boboy 32 Antwerp farmer 11 3 1854 Utica 2 Inf. C Discharged 11 Febr. 59 by reenlist in Co, at Fort Marcrombie, O. N. (a Private) → Reenlisted 11 Febr. 1859 Antoine De Meyer 32 Antwerp book binder 5 5 1854 New York 2 Art. L Discharged 5 March 1859 by reenlist in Co at Fort Ripley, M.T. (a Private) → Reenlisted 5 March 1859 Simon Devallee 34 'Belgique' soldier 23 5 1854 Philadelphia Rejected 14 June 1854 at Fort Columbus N.Y. (a recruit)

In August 1854, Congress allowed a substantial pay raise for te enlisted soldier. A Private salary rose from $ 7 to $ 11, a Corporal to $ 13 and a Sergeant to $ 17. In March 1855 new Regiments were crated for frontier service: the 9th and 10th infantry and the 1st and 2nd cavalry, expanding the Army from 14 000 to 18 000 men. But the desertion rate, "french leave" as it was called, remained the same. In 1856 for example, 3 223 soldiers took it from a total of 15 753 officers and men. Henry Coninck 29 laborer 9 1 1855 Newport Ky 7 Inf. H Discharged 9 Jan. 1860, expiration of service, at Camp Floyd, N.J. (a Private) Adolph Dannerol 26 Ghent laborer 17 3 1855 St Louis 6 Inf. B Discharged 17 March 1860, expiration of service at Fort Humbolt, Cal. (a Corporal) Henry Smit 22 Brussels soldier 30 4 1855 Albany 4 Inf. D Discharged 14 Febr. 1860 by reenlist.n in Co. John Coyens 21 Antwerp farmer 30 4 1855 Albany Rejected 11 May 1855 at Fort Columbus, N. Y. ( a recruits) John C Esken 28 Mons laborer 10 5 1855 Newport Ky 3 Inf. F Deserted 25 Aug. 1857 William Beets 33 Antwerp shoemaker 12 5 1855 Albany 2 Art.D, 3 Inf. E Discharged 12 May 1860, expiration of service, at Fort Fillmore, N.M. (a Private) Johan Wiseler 21 Luxemburg laborer 14 5 1855 Chicago Discharged 31 May 1855, Ordinary disability, at Newport, Ky (a recruit) John Davis (Daus?) 25 Ghent Sailor 29 5 1855 Baltimore 9 Inf.F, A.K. Discharged 29 March 1858, disability, at Fort Dallas D.T. (a Private) Edmond Noirsain 25 Louvain bookkeeper 30 8 1855 New Yok 8 Inf. K Discharged 30 Aug. 1860, expiration of service (Hospital), at Fort Stauton, N.M. (a Hospital Steward) Edward J Roegiers 28 Ghent tailor 30 8 1855 Newport Ky Rifle K 79

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Discharged 30 Aug. 1860, expiration of service, at Fort Union, N.M. (a Private) Levere Tenaert 22 Bever laborer 22 9 1855 St Louis 2 Drgs C Deserted 4 March 1856 Desire Cleenerv(w?)erck 25 Waton painter 26 11 1855 Newport Ky 1 Inf. K Discharged 26 Nov 1860, expiration of service, at Fort Lancaster (a Private) Emile Debarbieri(DeBastine)24 Brussels painter 6 2 1856 Ft Hamilton 4 Art F Deserted 19 July 1856 Jean P Wagner 27 Arlon soldier 3 5 1856 New York 2 Inf. K Discharged 3 May 1861, expiration of service, (served in 8 Inf G)at Fort Ridgely, Minn. (a Private) 2nd enlistment. Joseph A Wagner 23 Arlon carpenter 3 5 1856 New York 2 Inf. K Discharged 3 May 1861, expiration of service, at Fort Ridgely, Minn. (a Private) Peter Theiss 25 Ghent tailor 18 11 1856 Philadelphia 5 Inf. C Deserted 22 June 1857 Francois Hanus 32 Saint Leger laborer 13 2 1857 New Albany 1 Cav. H Deserted 14 May 1858 Jean Louis Michiels 28 Aelst tanner 8 5 1857 Philadelphia 3 Inf. G Discharged 7 Nov. 1858, disability D, at Fort Defiance, N.M. (a Private) Louis Berger 26 Jodoigne surveyor 25 5 1857 Philadelphia Deserted 7 Sept. 1857 William Grame 30 Bruxelles soldier 3 6 1857 Baltimore 10 Inf. H Discharged 9 July 1858, by sentence G. C. M., At Fort Bridger, U.S.A. (a Private) Dennis Paplimans 28 Bruxelles soldier 26 6 1857 San Francisco 1 Drgs C Discharged 26 June 1862, expiration of service( before : 4 Inf. K) at Camp near Coal Arbor Pa (a Private) 2nd enlistment. Peter Cemper 35 Anthwerp soldier 20 7 1857 San Francisco 3 Art. H Discharged 5 Jan. 1858, disabilyty D, at Fort Umpgaer O.T. 2nd enlistment. Amand Lesaffre 25 Beselaere laborer 31 8 1857 Albany 1 Drgs K Deserted 2 July 1858 John E Williams 33 Diest soldier 11 10 1857 Ft Davis 8 Inf. A Deserted 3 July 1861, previous service 8 Inf. K 2nd enlistment. John W De Simony 27 Vervears soldier 19 10 1857 Boston2 Cav. D& 1 Art. M Deserted 26 Jan. 59 Henry Brasckmans 35 Antwerp soldier 21 10 1857 New York Genl Depot Co A Died 10 Dec. 1857 (3rd enlist.) at Fort Columbus N.Y. Emil A Knepper 23 Luxemburg clerk 2 2 1858 New York 7 Inf. H Deserted 26 May 1858 Julian Vanthuyne 23 Dixmude laborer 28 4 1858 Newport Ky 10 Inf. H Discharged 28 Apr. 1863expiration of service at ....(Fort Marcy N.M.)... (a Private) Edward F Wagner 21 Arlon carpenter 18 5 1858 Buffalo 2 Inf. C K Discharged 23 oct 1862, Disability D, at Philadelphia, Pa ( a sergeant) Joseph C Lacombe 32 Courtrai soldier 19 10 1858 New York 2 Cav.F&S.G. Deserted 12 March 1860 Nicholas Gerard 28 laborer 7 11 1858 Fort Leavenworth 1 Cav. C Deserted 18 Nov. 1859. 2nd enlistment. Edward A Clement 23 Ypres laborer 30 12 1858 Syracuse Deserted 19 Apr. 1859 Thomas Boboy 37 Antwerp soldier 11 2 1859 Fort Abercrombie 2 Inf. C Discharged 11 Jan. 1864, expiration of service at .... (a Private) Antoine De Meyers 37 Antwerp soldier 5 3 1859 Fort Ripley Art.L&A Discharged 1 Jan. 1862, disability Dat Fort Pickens, Flod (a Private) , previous service 2 Art. C. 2nd enlistment. Joseph Jacoby 23 Luxemburg laborer 4 6 1859 Ft Leavenworth, Ks 2 Art. A Discharged 19 Febr. 1864, by reenl. at Culpeper, Va (a Private) Sources : *The Army of The United States, historical sketches of Staff and Line with portraits Of Generals-In-Chief http://www.history.army.mil/books/R&H/R&H-FM.htm *Crossed Sabers: Researching Your Civil War Ancestor: The Regular Army http://crossedsabers.blogspot.com/2008/10/researching-your-civil-war-ancestor.html *The army medical department, 1818-1865 http://history.amedd.army.mil/booksdocs/civil/gillett2/default.htm#cont *The Regiment of Voltigeurs, USA. A Case Study of the Mexican-American War http://efrance23.googlepages.com/theregimentofvoltigeurs,usa *The United States Infantry: An Illustrated History, 1775-1918 by Gregory J. W. Urwin 80

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The passengers of the Garland and Peter Godfrey By Guy Gallez

The Garland arrived in Boston on Aug. 31, 1864 with 255 listed on the manifest. The original manifest written in Boston at the arrival of that ship was a rather messy thing. No first name in writing, only the initial letter, not always decipherable. For their country of origin, the first 124 ones were listed from Prussia, Hamburg, Saxony, Austria, Hanover and other Germanic States. Anew passengers 223 to 255 are clearly from Germanic origin with an exception. I can deduce those people were the German emigrants not allowed to embark on the Bellona or arrived in Antwerp after the departure of the Bellona.

Passengers 125 to 222 are another matter. Here we found passengers from Antwerp, Brussels, Belgium and other origins not very decipherable. Are they all from Belgium? I don't know. A few are clearly from other origin. It's the list I give you bellow. The copy of the original list at the National Archives is even less accurate, the copyist listing almost all the passengers as coming from Germany or Prussia, surely for not being able (like me) to read the names written on the original manifest.

Names/Age/Country to which they each belong Names/Age/Country to which they each belong 125 Wilquet, Michel, 26 Belgium 169 Moulinard, A, 21 Lanchelle 126 Foidwich, W, 24 Prussia 170 Rebout, G, 31 Lanons 127 Vraner, Theophile, 27 Brussels 171 Branetz, A, 24 Belgium 128 Locin, N, 23 Euken 172 Decktz Chas, 33 Paris 129 Zuaner, J, 21 Intersalsen 173 Roples, Jh, 28 V Etienne 130 Phwartz, R, 29 Divezer 174 Ledevene, Lignat de Guild, 23 Brussels 131 Platz, B, 21 Brunswick 175 Fouchard, J, 23 Okepe 132 Hunsen, J, 22 Lutrne 176 Lejough Lignat de G, 26 Romnrens 133 Heir, J, 30 Muflirord 177 Philip, J, 21 Burges 134 Vanderstocht, 21 Brussels 178 Jean, W G L, 26 Auverne 135 Walderman, 24 Brussels 179 Vanderverdebn, F, 31 Rom… 136 Lusenborg, 24 Brussels 180 Vanderheyden, G, 24 Brussels 137 Sohierffer, S I H, 45 Ruber 181 Van Hend, 26 Brussels 138 Sckauve, 39 Brussels 182 Purager, F L, 34 Moremet 139 Rickartz, J, 24 Euken 183 Burche, E, 28 Canier Fraire 140 Monyaertz, JB, 20 Brussels 184 Winklemurth, L, 32 Gand 141 Guldentop, 35 Brussels 185 Jebruger, L, 31 Brussels 142 Kosshoovers, JL, 21 Anvers 186 Lamarteau, Y, 36 Liege 143 Cnülen, Antoon, 22 Anvers 187 Coppens , N, 30 Orlons 144 Albrecht, F, 29 F Olmond 188 Landstein, F, 29 Brussels 145 Heywest, C, 29 Oppels 189 Hembert, Adolph, 32 Mons 146 Jampens , Y, 39 Naliner 190 Petit, F, 39 Vivelle 147 Zerysmaiz, 45 Anvers 191 Verdies, Ch, 34 Brussels 148 Aveen, 22 Ofrond 192 Dedocker, Y, 38 Brussels 149 Holsters, H, 24 Obster 193 Verschueren, Ans, 32 Anvers 150 Shemver , 22 Anvers 194 Hersey, Jean, 34 Brussels 151 Helfenok, I, 39 Virrior 195 Gip, Ch, 28 Weslenburg 152 Murerldley, I, 29 Karvorel 196 Francke, Jean, 25 Anvers 153 Famiscevy, W, 25 Milser 197 Crenewers, Henri, 22 Brussels 154 Pourpiy, P, 24 Sepleist 198 Vivinier, Ch, 35 Brussels 155 Jockmeyer, J Ch, 27 Jokelbery 199 Gubshuy, J, 24 Liege 156 Lemmens, L, 44 Steentervin 200 Barbier, J, 44 Chapeller Heme 157 Dehozt, 28 Cambron Castow 201 Nochem , Jean, 34 Brussels 158 Lookens, L, 30 Brussels 202 DerHeyden, 31 Brussels 159 Vandermeersch, B, 38 Nierben 203 Bimerman, Aug, 34 Anvers 160 Grochary, 23 Venloo 204 Fromaiser, Fred, 36 Gent 161 Venschueren, Ant, 24 Antwerp 205 van Overbeck, H, 27 Antwerpen 162 Dean, J, 23 Vivelle 206 Michels, Jean, 25 Brussels 163 Hoesch, S, 31 Brussels 207 Muller, J, 30 Erlabaum 164 Liznat de fruc, Joseph, 24 Anvers 208 Frazar, Ludwig, 27 Darnstadt 165 Matteysenvs, 41 Anvers 209 Weipher, Martin, 22 Over… 166 Amand, 30 Anvers 210 Argilt, J, 26 Pausenhen 167 Vanderbergt, C, 26 Anvers 211 Petteysen, J B, 42 Akkels 168 Borrenberg, G, 29 Anvers 212 Markevs, H, 23 Lac Huyr 81

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213 Winzieen, Theo, 24 Prenshen 219 Willemens, H, 28 Anvers 214 Divreven, A, 38 Holland 220 Arents, F, 36 Liege 215 Schlegen, W, 32 Berlin 221 Blockhuys, Louis, 34 Voosler 216 Groix, R, 24 France 222 Pereys, G H, 44 Br.. 217 Delborte , F, 23 Brussels ... 218 Delbenter, Fr, 23 Brussels 236 Bottelin, H, 20 Anvers

The columns : Sex, Occupation, etc., were left blanks ! On 26 September, the Courrier des Etats-Unis in New York received the following letter:

"Mr. Editor,

"I have the honor to bring to your attention a fact similar to what I read in your number on Wednesday (20 September, see below the letter coming from the Peter Godfrey passengers .

"The three-masted Guerland, from Antwerp to Boston with 254 passengers hired as laborers, arrived on August 29 and has anchored at an half-hour from our harbor. There he was joined by three steamboats aboard which were federal soldiers. The passengers, Belgian and French, according to the promise of their recruiters, who paid their passage, should also receive, in advance for their work a sum of five hundred francs and their regular weekly price, were ordered to sign a piece of paper in English which was nothing other than an act of enlistment. They were warned that they had no more right to be feed on board, and only after they signed, they can pass on the steamboats that would forward them to the place where they should work and where their dinner was waiting. They asked to land in Boston, what was categorically refused.

"After twenty-four hours of resistance, because they feared some cunning, driven by hunger, surrounded by soldiers, most, ie 220, signed and were transported to the fort where they fitted in uniform despite their protests. In response, they showed them their enlistment papers and gave them one hundred dollars.

"Three of those who had signed a Frenchman and two Belgians, persisted in their refusal to walk and were shackled on an island which is close by. They are surely still there. Their names are Sincrit, French, Albrecht and Verheyden, Belgians. "When the thirty-one other, they refused to sign despite all threats, and landed in Boston at their own expense, from where they went to New York. They are in the most whole destitution

"So the hirer, or rather the provider of the Republican butchers of the North has pocketed $ 100 per man, making quite a round sum, and it will tell us that the government of Washington is not an accomplice of these nefarious traffickers! "It seems to me that such facts, so often repeated, should open the eyes of European powers, and that the government of Lincoln should be warned not only to stop such a trade and punish the perpetrators, but to take back all the victims of these miserable. God alone knows their number and how many have already lost their life!

"Do, Mr. Editor, what you want with this letter.

Sincerely. "Auguste de Montargis "PS - the facts that I have described are based on authentic evidence and two witnesses are still here to my knowledge, Mr. Michiels and Leroy."

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Belgians on the WWI Draft Cards By Micheline Gaudette Pennsylvania (pt2) Name Birth Date Birthplace Registration Place (City, County, State) Depater, Charles Jr. 10 Jul 1889 Belgium, Antwerp Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA Dercume, Raymond 05 Jun 1889 Belgium, Jumet Washington, Washington, PA Derson, Joseph Thomas 13 Dec 1886 Belgium Not Stated, Clearfield, PA Desarant, Frank 14 Jul 1894 Belgium, Charleroi Not Stated, Washington, PA Desmet, Evarist 28 Oct 1894 Belgium, Oostvlanderen Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA Desmitt, Ashley 07 Feb 1894 Belgium, Cuesmes Not Stated, Clearfield, PA Desmitt, Emanuel 29 Apr 1891 Belgium, Cuesmes Jordan, Clearfield, PA Desmitt, Zeno Belgium Not Stated, Clearfield, PA Desser, Jess 23 Aug 1888 Belgium Tarentum, Allegheny, PA Dethiers, Amone E 22 Dec 1888 Belgium, Herpignies New Eagle, Washington, PA Detrick, John B 24 May 1892 Belgium Not Stated, Westmoreland, PA Devalkeneer, Camille 07 Oct 1895 Belgium, Antwerp Not Stated, Washington, PA Devalkeneer, Victor 15 Aug 1892 Belgium, Antwerp Not Stated, Washington, PA Devroye, Ernest Godfrois 03 Mar 1888 Belgium Tarentum, Allegheny, PA Devroye, Octave 20 May 1890 Belgium, Fleurus North Fayette, Allegheny, PA Dewell, Charles 29 Jun 1893 Belgium, Charleroi Not Stated, Washington, PA Dirligue, Raymon Desire Leon 22 Jun 1890 Belgium ?, Cambria, PA Doumont, Rene August 13 Mar 1897 Belgium, Namur Not Stated, Washington, PA Dourlain, Gustav 14 Jul 1895 Belgium, ? Cecil, Washington, PA Dowd, Claude H 2 Jan 1894 Belgium, Antwerp Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA Dowd, Thomas F G 11 Jan 1890 Belgium, Antwerp Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA Doxrud, George H 22 Apr 1888 Belgium, Antwerp Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA Dray, Joseph 31 Oct 1891 Belgium ?, Cambria, PA Duboer, Raymond Joseph 20 Jul 1889 Belgium, Jumet Punxstawney, Jefferson, PA Ducarme, Jules 8 Feb 1889 Belgium Union, Washington, PA Ducastel, George 29 Jan 1891 Belgium Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA Ducoeur, Arthur Oscar 12 Sep 1891 Belgium, Roux Charleroi, Washington, PA Ducoeur, Ferdinand Clement 6 Mar 1887 Belgium, Roux Charleroi, Washington, PA Ducouer, Joseph 17 Aug 1888 Belgium, Roux Charleroi, Washington, PA Ducy, Arma 04 May 1886 Belgium Not Stated, Clearfield, PA Dufour, Adolph 12 Dec 1890 Belgium Not Stated, Clearfield, PA Dufour, Modest 17 Jun 1892 Belgium, Cuesmes Not Stated, Clearfield, PA Dufour, Theophile Constan 09 May 1892 Belgium, Cuesmes Not Stated, Clearfield, PA Dufresne, Harry 28 Jul 1891 Belgium, Roux McDonald, Washington, PA Dupienn, George 24 Mar 1895 Belgium, Charleroi Not Stated, Armstrong, PA Dupont, Rene 10 Jun 1894 Belgium, Charleroi Charleroi, Washington, PA Durieux, Alcite Anthony 22 Mar 1897 Belgium, Charleroi Not Stated, Washington, PA Durieux, Rene Joseph 25 Dec 1892 Belgium, Jumet New Eagle, Washington, PA Duthie, Emile P J 09 Oct 1886 Belgium, Gotroux? Sturgeon, Allegheny, PA Dutilleul, Clement 13 Oct 1889 Belgium, Charleroi Not Stated, Washington, PA Dutre, Alexander 27 Aug 1887 Belgium, Antwerp Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA Ebeling, John 18 Oct 1889 Belgium, Mechelen Allequippa, Beaver, PA Etienne, Augustin Alfred Leon 24 Sep 1887 Belgium, Dampremy Not Stated, Bedford, PA Etienne, Ernest 10 Aug 1889 Belgium, Charleroi Not Stated, Cambria, PA Falise, Lawrence 15 Mar 1888 Belgium, Charleroi Tarentum, Allegheny, PA Faurie, Adolf 31 May 1895 Belgium, Charleroi Not Stated, Washington, PA Feems, Cornelius 3 Jul 1894 Belgium Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA Felot, Felicien 16 Feb 1888 Belgium, Pepinster Not Stated, Allegheny, PA Finet, George 24 Aug 1896 Belgium;France Not Stated, Cambria, PA Finney, Alexander 29 Aug 1887 Belgium, Cuesmes Philipsburg, Clearfield, PA Finney, Joseph 28 May 1892 Belgium Not Stated, Clearfield, PA Flament, Gustave 27 Feb 1891 Belgium, Jemappes Ashcroft, Clearfield, PA Flavion, Rene Joseph 09 Apr 1890 Belgium, Jumet Kane, McKean, PA 83

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Flemol, Eugene Christian 13 Jun 1887 Belgium, Frasnes-les-Gosselies? Not Stated, Washington, PA Folie, Emil 03 Jun 1891 Belgium, Charleroi North Fayette, Allegheny, PA Fountain, George 15 Jan 1889 Belgium, Hainaut, ?? Ford City, Armstrong, PA Fragasse, Philemon 18 Aug 1889 Belgium, Brussels Not Stated, Northampton, PA Franklin, Marcel A 23 Jun 1897 Belgium Not Stated, Washington, PA Frere, Arold Louis 21 Jan 1889 Belgium, Jumet Uniontown, Fayette, PA Frere, Emile Jr. 04 May 1887 Belgium, Jumet Point Marion, Fayette, PA Frere, Ralph 05 Jan 1893 Belgium, Dampremy Tarentum, Allegheny, PA Gallez, Curiaf 15 Mar 1890 Belgium, Jemappes Ashcroft, Clearfield, PA Gaupin, Louis 14 Jul 1887 Belgium, Herbeumont Tarentum, Allegheny, PA Gegrave, Victor D E 01 Jul 1887 Belgium, Charleroi Cecil, Washington, PA George, Arthur Eugene 02 Mar 1892 Belgium, Herbeumont Butler, Butler, PA George, Joseph 26 Jul 1894 Luxembourg;Belgium, Bertrix Butler, Butler, PA Georges, Eugene 02 Sep 1891 Luxembourg;Belgium, Herbeumont Butler, Butler, PA Gerein, Joseph 03 Nov 1894 Belgium, Charleroi Not Stated, Washington, PA Gerien, Julius Roman 3 May 1893 Belgium, Lemdelede? North Charleroi, Wash. PA Gerins, Clement 05 Apr 1891 Belgium, ?? Not Stated, Cambria, PA Germaux, Arthur 28 Feb 1887 Belgium, Charleroi Springdale, Allegheny, PA Ghislain, Hilaire Adrien 6 Sep 1888 Belgium, Houdeng Goegnies? New Eagle, Washington, PA Gillan, Frank Cloddeo 17 Jun 1895 Belgium Not Stated, Clearfield, PA Gille, Joseph 17 Aug 1894 Belgium, Auvelais Tarentum, Allegheny, PA Gillet, Emil Henri 22 Sep 1894 Belgium, Liege Charleroi, Washington, PA Gillett, Leo 7 May 1886 Belgium, Charleroi Charleroi, Washington, PA Girard, Gustave 11 May 1893 Belgium, Neufchateau Point Marion, Fayette, PA Godfroid, Frederick 08 Feb 1887 Belgium Not Stated, Bedford, PA Goffaux, Jules 27 Jul 1888 Belgium, Lodelinsart Springhill, Fayette, PA Goffert, Frank 14 Aug 1891 Belgium South Fayette, Allegheny, PA Gossaux, Jules Adamire 31 Jul 1891 Belgium, Givet? Jumet? North Fayette, Allegheny, PA Gossiant, Victor 22 May 1896 Belgium, Neuville New Eagle, Washington, PA Gouverneur, Ernest Jr. 06 Jul 1897 Belgium, Jumet Point Marion, Fayette, PA Govener, Jules 28 Jan 1892 Belgium, Herbeumont Charleroi, Washington, PA Gregoire, Ulysses G Jr. 28 Aug 1889 Belgium, Lodelinsart Not Stated, Montgomery, PA Grotta, Adolphe 3 Feb 1887 Belgium, Brussels Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA Grseyen, Leo 08 May 1890 Belgium, Sottegem Not Stated, Westmoreland, PA Guelff, Henry Richard 29 May 1897 Belgium, Brussels Point Marion, Fayette, PA Guetens, Gustav 24 Aug 1887 Belgium Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA Gyargum, Albert 17 Jan 1889 Belgium, Sottegem Lagrange, Westmoreland, PA Gyselinck, Garge A Jr. 21 Jul 1891 Belgium Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA Gyselinck, Pierre 28 Apr 1889 Belgium, St. Nikolas Waas? Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA Halin, Lucien Eugene 12 Nov 1887 Luxembourg;Belgium, Herbeumont Butler, Butler, PA Hancart, Jules 02 Jan 1887 Belgium, Jumet Punxstawney, Jefferson, PA Hanneuse, Jules 24 Jul 1886 Belgium, Cuesmes Jordan, Clearfield, PA Hans, Edmond R 22 Jan 1887 Belgium North Fayette, Allegheny, PA Hansott, Camille 16 May 1892 Belgium, Chatelineau Butler, Butler, PA Hansotte, George F 15 Oct 1893 Belgium, Chatelineau Butler, Butler, PA Hardis, Chas Jean 14 Jan 1888 Belgium, Jumet Jeannette, Westmoreland, PA Hardy, Peter 24 Dec 1893 Belgium, Antwerp Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA Hautisse, Louis 24 Aug 1888 Belgium, Eripmont? Charleroi, Washington, PA Henrotin, John Frank Isador 31 Jul 1893 Belgium, Lodelinsart Charleroi, Washington, PA Hensenne, Rene Christian 30 Nov 1894 Belgium, Charleroi Tarentum, Allegheny, PA Hepworth, Albert 3 May 1893 Belgium, Wetteren? Metteren? Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA Higuet, Herman 01 May 1897 Belgium, Lodelinsart Not Stated, Bedford, PA Hill, Herbert G 9 Nov 1893 Belgium, Antwerp Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA Hoderath, Hubert M 6 Apr 1892 Belgium, Seraing Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA Hordis, Robert Victor 30 Jan 1892 Belgium, Jumet Jeannette, Westmoreland, PA Hortert, Eugene 30 Mar 1896 Luxembourg;Belgium, Bertrix Butler, Butler, PA Hubeaut, Henry 12 Jan 1888 Belgium, Jumet Point Marion, Fayette, PA

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The Ancestors of Jean Arthur DETHIERE “My father, John Arthur Dethier was born January 11, 1902 and came with my grandparents… Victor Dethier(38 yrs) and his wife, Julia Conde (33 yrs) and my aunt Louise (8 yrs) in August of 1902 on the Zeeland II. They came with Jules Renard and his family. They went to Robertsdale, PA to work in the mines. Grandparents are buried in Broad Top City Cemetery in PA, along with the only other child known to me, Robert, who died at age 9 yrs. from scarlet fever.” – Nancy deMattos By Rocco Bellantoni for Nancy deMattos, MN

Jean Arthur DETHIERE was born January 29th, 1902 at Dampremy, Hainaut, Belgium. He died on May 7th, 1953.

His parents Victor DETHIERE was born December 17th, 1864 at Gilly, Hainaut, Belgium. He married Julia CONDE on February 2nd, 1889 at Dampremy, Hainaut, Belgium. Julia CONDE was born March 11th, 1869 at Dampremy, Hainaut, Belgium. She died around 1936 in New York, USA, and is buried in Pennsylvania, USA.

His grandparents François Joseph DETHIERE was born October 28th, 1837 at Jumet, Hainaut, Belgium. He married Palmire LEFEVRE on October 9th, 1862 at Gilly, Hainaut, Belgium. Palmire LEFEVRE was born October 3rd, 1838 at Gilly, Hainaut, Belgium. She died on August 16th, 1869 at Gilly, Hainaut, Belgium.

Florent Joseph CONDE was born on December 16th, 1840 at Dampremy, Hainaut, Belgium. He married Florentine Ghislaine LERMINIAUX on September 22nd, 1866 at Dampremy, Hainaut, Belgium. Florentine Ghislaine LERMINIAUX was born on February 26th, 1846 at Thines, Brabant, Belgium.

His great-grandparents Dieudonné DETHIERE was born around 1796. He married Marie Catherine CORDERLIER around 1830. Marie Catherine CORDERLIER was born around 1795.

Jean Baptiste LEFEVRE was born around 1805. He died on September 22nd, 1860 at Gilly, Hainaut, Belgiume. Jean married Thérèse DUBOIS around 1828. Thérèse DUBOIS was born around 1808.

Louis CONDE was born on July 27th, 1798 at Dampremy, Hainaut, Belgium. He married Louise DUMONT around 1838. Louise DUMONT was born around 1803 at Montignies-sur-Sambre, Hainaut, Belgium. She died Decmber 21st, 1842 at Dampremy, Hainaut, Belgium.

François Joseph LERMINIAUX was born on January 29th, 1825 at Vieux Genappe, Brabant, Belgium. He married Euphrasie HAYET around at Vieux-Genappe, Brabant, Belgium. Euphrasie HAYET was born around 1823 at Vieux Genappe, Brabant, Belgium.

His great-great-grandparents Gabriel CONDE was born around 1770. He died on June 16th, 1817 at Dampremy, Hainaut, Belgium. Gabriel married Marie Joseph MARET around 1795. Marie Joseph MARET was born around 1772. She died on January 29th, 1811 at Dampremy, Hainaut, Belgium.

Balthazar DUMONT was born around 1772 at Montignies-sur-Sambre, Hainaut, Belgium. He married Thérèse ESMANNE around 1797 at Montignies-sur-Sambre, Hainaut, Belgium. Thérèse ESMANNE was born about 1775.

Remy Joseph Ghislain LERMINIAUX was born June 3rd, 1783 at Vieux Genappe, Brabant, Belgium. He died on May 29th, 1862 at Vieux-Genappe, Brabant, Belgium. Remy married Marie Eugène DOSOT about 1808 at Baulers, Brabant, Belgium. Marie Eugène DOSOT was born on December 17th, 1783 at Baulers, Brabant, Belgium. She died November 21st, 1874 at Thines, Brabant, Belgium.

Jean Arthur DETHIERE married Their children were: - Fernande DETHIERE, born December 23rd, 1889 at dampremy - Fernand Gustave DETHIERE, born November 26th, 1890 at Dampremy - Fernand Camil DETHIERE, born January 4th, 1892, at Dampremy - Rosa DETHIERE born February 6th, 1894 – also known as Louisa – at Dampremy.

In the records, you should always look for keywords. Be aware that the first date is not necessarily the event date. Like in this one, the child was born the 6th, not the 7th like you might be tempted to think.

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L’an mil huit cent nonante-quatre, le sept du mois de Février In the years 1894, on the 7th of the month of February à dix heures du matin, Par devant NOUS Joseph Charlier At 10am, Before US Joseph Charlier Bourgmestre et Officier de l’Etat Civil de la commune de Mayor and Officer of the Civil Registry of the town of Dampremy Dampremy province de Hainaut, a compare Victor Dethière âgé de vingt province of Hainaut, came Victor Dethière 29y old neuf ans. houilleur, domicilié à Dampremy miner, residing in Dampremy qui nous a déclaré que le six de ce mois à sept heures who declared that the 6th of this month at 7 du soir est né en cette commune, de lui comparant et de son pm was born in this town, of him and of his wife épouse Julia Condé âgée de vingt-quatre ans, ménagère, domiciliée à Julia Condé 24y,âgée de vingt-quatre ans, housewife, residing Dampremy in Dampremy enfant du sexe féminin qu’il nous a présenté et auquel il a A child of the female sex whom he presented to us and to donné le prénom de Rosa, les dites whom he gave the name of Rosa, said déclaration et présentation faites en presence de Auguste declaration et presentation made in the presence of Auguste Dulière, âgé de quarante Dulière, 44y quatre ans secretaire communal et de Christophe Bodart, âgé town clerk and of Christophe Bodart, 53y de cinquante trois ans houilleur, tous deux domiciliés à Dampremy. miner, both residents of Dampremy. Après lecture du present acte le père et les témoins l’ont signé After the document was read the father and witnesses signed avec nous with us Dethier Victor – Baudau(?) - J Charlier Dethier Victor - Baudau(?)- J Charlier

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McDonald Flood Aug. 1, 1896 McDonald PA Outlook Pennsylvania and West Virginia Obituaries And now here again, at 4 p.m. on Thursday, comes Extracted for the PA-SW-OBITS list of Rootsweb, another flood exactly similar to the one of Monday by Victoria Hospodar Valentine night. And again there is a scrabble in the low This time the content is somewhat different from a regular obituary. Obviously this lands to get away from the rising creeks. Many person touched a lot of people in the area and the experience of an escort is unique that had just cleaned up have the same work to do and even a privileged one. I felt it had a place here. over again. This second flood, however, was not Thanks Vickie for sending it! altogether a disadvantage. In many places, it acted

The funeral of Robert (Bun) TROY2 as a cleaner up after the first flood, sweeping away piles of filth which were beginning to spread the was held in the First Presbyterian church germs of disease through the sultry air. Sunday at 2:30 o'clock, p.m. The body Thursday's storm was more fierce than Monday's. of Sergeant TROY arrived at Monessen The wind, at first from the southwest, veered on Friday, where his parents have quickly to the north, and came in short, terrific resided since leaving McDonald shortly blasts which slapped down an ocean of water in a after Sgt. TROY's enlistment in the second. army. On Saturday evening, Mr. Arthur The last flood was worse in some places than the MANDALE and Mr. Harry first. MASQUELIER, who had been There was a repetition everywhere of Monday designated by the Ernest Phillips Post, to night's scenes, and also of Monday's damage. An act as escorts to the body, went to account of the harm done by Monday's water would do with but little modification for a tale of Monessen. These men arrived with the Thursday's disaster. body on the 10:50 train. They were met Opposite Arabella St., when the flood was highest, a Picture courtesy of Victoria at the train by ex-servicemen and the Hospodar Valentine poor, bedraggled black chicken on a little board body was taken to the Rhoades was whirled down the current. A young colored undertaking rooms. At 1:00 o'clock it was taken to the First Presbyterian man with a pole cleverly fished it out and amidst church, escorted by the ex-service men, where it lay in state, the casket the cheers of the crowds, and took it away to his covered by an American flag and surrounded by floral tributes. home where we hope it may live a long and useful Post Commander, James W. DONALDSON, who was in charge of the chicken life. arrangements, formed the ex-servicemen in line between Third and Fifth An East End sewer became stopped up and the streets at 1:00 o'clock. There were about two hundred of these men present. CHAMBON, CERZO and SAIX cellars were gutted The family and friends of the deceased, from Monessen arrived on the 1:30 and much goods destroyed. Mrs. John ROBERTSON, N. McDonald St., had just o'clock train. Followed by the Mothers of Democracy they were conveyed finished cleaning and tacking down her carpet to the church and occupied the section of seats to the right of the pulpit. At when the second flood came. She quickly ripped a few minutes before 2:30 o'clock the ex-service men, led by the McDonald the carpet from the floor and saved it. band, marched to the church and occupied the center tier of seats, which WOODRING's stable, Outlook St., was thrown on its had been reserved for them. The large auditorium and Sabbath school room side Thursday. of the church were filled to capacity, as well as standing room, still leaving CROWLEY put a cable around his house Thursday, quite a number who were unable to get in. The heavy rain drove these to but it is a well built house and stood the shock of seek shelter. The number of people who gained admission to the church the flood. was estimated at about one thousand. A big tree Monday night smashed the engine house Rev. B. B. HARRISON preached the funeral sermon. The music was of an ELLIOTT farm well. furnished by a male quartet. After the services the congregation stood Hundreds of oil wells thrown into bad shape by the floods. while the ex-service men marched out, followed by the body of the Glad we are to note that no lives were lost in this deceased, the family and friends and the Mothers of Democracy. From the vicinity. church the body was carried on the shoulders of the pall-bearers, who were Officer CONLEY gives the Outlook a Health Board th members of the deceased's command of the 80 Division. A rank of ex- warning to clean up the flood debris. Certainly, service men stood on either side at salute while the remains passed under gentlemen; we don't expect to let the cholera get the colors. The casket was then placed on the caisson, to which four black us. The Health Board is all right and ... (missing horses were attached. text) The band headed the funeral procession, followed by the chaplain, color The VERSCHUREN's, at Cecil, had a hard time in bearers, caisson, pall bearers, comrades of the 80th Division, American both floods. Both times Mrs. VERSCHUREN, who is Legion and ex-service men. These all marched to the cemetery. In in bed with the injuries received recently on the automobiles were the family of the deceased, gold star mothers and the road at Reissing had to be carried away from the house, which was endangered. Mothers of Democracy. The Oakdale Times got a dose of the flood. Many oil derricks are down.

2 Robert Gustave TROY, Monessen , p 160 of “Soldiers of the Great War”, Volume 3 87

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At the cemetery the firing squad stood at the grave while the remains were taken from the caisson and placed in position to be lowered to their last resting place. A regulation salute was then fired, followed by taps, after which the homeward march began. The line of march ended at the flag pole on the Borough lot, where the large flag hung at half-mast. While the band played "colors" the flag was raised and lowered and the men disbanded. Sergeant TROY is survived by his father and mother, Mr. and Mrs. August TROY, of Monessen, one brother, William, at home and six sisters, Mrs. Elizabeth WILCOX, of Oakdale, Mrs. Elsie VESENCAMP of Monessen, Mrs. Mary PULVER, of Weirton, W. Va., Mrs. Martha KELLER of Monessen, Mrs. Edith HANS of Library, and Miss Rose at home. August 11, 1921 McDonald PA Outlook *Even though the cemetery is not mentioned the burial was at Robinson's Run

I had to investigate further as I could not understand who Sgt Robert Troy was and what prompted so many people to attend his funeral. The answer was not hard to find when I found the headline of the Daily Independent (Monessen, PA) paper for August 6th, 1921. The image of the article was of very poor quality but here is its content, especially for you:

Bodies of World War Veterans will be buried tomorrow with honors Daily Independent (Monessen, PA) - August 6th, 1921 Accompanied by a guard, the bodies of three local soldiers who paid the supreme sacrifice in France during the World War, arrived in this city yesterday afternoon and were at once taken in charge by the Thomas McKee Post No 28, of the American Legion. The bodies to arrive yesterday were Robert G Troy, son of Mr. and Mrs. August Troy of 141 Delaware avenue; Herbert Allison, son of Mr. and Mrs. Oscar Allison, of 600 Knox avenue and Charles Campbell, who made his home with Mr. and Mrs. Gus Reabe(?), of Restraver Street. The bodies were taken to the homes and a guard of honor immediately established by the American Legion. This afternoon all three bodies will be removed to the High school building where they will lay in state until time of their removal for interment. Sergeant Robert G Troy was never a resident of this city, despite the fact that his parents have resided here a number of years. The young man enlisted at McDonald, Pa. and a detail from the American Legion of this place will arrive here today to take charge of the remains. The body will be taken to that city in the morning for interment. Rev. A F Schilling, pastor of the Christ Lutheran church of this city will accompany the body and will officiate at the services tomorrow and for this reason no ------services will be held at the local church. Funeral services for Herbert Allison and Charles Campbell will be held tomorrow afternoon at 2;30 in the High school auditorium with Rev. Paul A W---y of the Lutheran church officiating, both young men being members of his congregation. The body of Charles Campbell, will be taken to belle Vernon for interment. A detail of the American Legion, including a firing squad and bugler will accompany the body to belle Vernon, where they will be met by a detail of ex-service men from that place. The remains of Herbert Allison will be placed on the caisson recently secured by the Legion and will be taken to Grandview cemetery for burial. The Legion will accompany the body and a firing squad will fire a salute while the bugler sounds taps. Members of the Legion are requested to meet at the P & L E freight station at 1:45 tomorrow afternoon and will march in a body to the High school. 88

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Belgians in the 1900 US Census: Cook County, IL - by Chuck VanDenEeden Chicago Ward 9 Buessnan, Thomas Head m May 1838 wd Belgium Belgium Belgium 1875 laborer, Chicago Buessnen, Ceserine daughter f Jan 1866 s Illinois Belgium Belgium dressmaker Buessnen, Verentine daughter f May 1878 s Illinois Belgium Belgium dressmaker Lafrue, John Head m Feb 1845 m-24 Belgium Belgium Belgium 1889 na stone cutter, Chicago Lafrue, Theresa Wife f Nov 1849 m-24 [7/4] Belgium Belgium Belgium 1889 Lafrue, Anton Son m May 1879 s Belgium Belgium Belgium 1889 stone cutter, Chicago Lafrue, John Son m Mar 1888 s Belgium Belgium Belgium 1889 school VanZevone, Emil Head m abt 1861 m-8 Belgium Belgium Belgium 1888 na watchman, Chicago VanZevone, Florence Wife f abt 1862 m-8 [3/3] Belgium Belgium Belgium 1892 VanZevone, Emma daughter f Apr 1893 s Illinois Belgium Belgium VanZevone, Chas son m Dec 1894 s Illinois Belgium Belgium VanZevone, George son m Apr 1899 s Illinois Belgium Belgium Glaude, Pauline Head f Apr 1838 wd [3/3] Belgium Belgium Belgium 1883 Glaude, Victor son m Jan 1876 Belgium Belgium Belgium 1883 stone cutter, Chicago Glaude, Leo son m Feb 1881 Illinois Belgium Belgium machinist, Chicago Glaude, Leopold son m Feb 1883 Illinois Belgium Belgium day laborer, Chicago Bringmans, Frank son m Feb 1864 m-6 Holland Holland Holland 1870 na laborer,quarry,Chicago Bringmans, Laura Wife f Jul 1872 m-6 [4/3] Belgium Belgium Belgium 1869 Bringmans, Emily daughter f Dec 1895 s Wisconsin Holland Belgium Bringmans, Constant son m Aug 1897 s Illinois Holland Belgium Bringmans, Mary daughter f Oct 1899 s Illinois Holland Belgium Faranst, Headman Cousin m May 1854 s Belgium Belgium Belgium 1891 al day laborer, Chicago VanGiertrinj, Frank Head m Feb 1864 m-7 Belgium Belgium Belgium 1893 na labpackghouse .Chicago VanGiertrinj, Emilie Wife f Jul 1870 m-7 [4/4] Belgium Belgium Belgium 1893 VanGiertrinj, Josphine daughter f Sep 1894 s Illinois Belgium Belgium VanGiertrinj, Lena daughter f Jan 1894 s Illinois Belgium Belgium VanGiertrinj, Rosie daughter f Jan 1899 s Illinois Belgium Belgium Vangiertrinj, Louie son m Oct 1899 s Illinois Belgium Belgium Paris, Hortinse Head m Apr 1851 m-24 [7/6] Belgium Belgium 1887 Paris, Henry J Son m Oct 1876 s Belgium Belgium Belgium 1887 stone cutter, Chicago Paris, Theresa M Daughter f Feb 1879 s Belgium Belgium Belgium 1887 dressmaker Paris, Rose M Daughter f Apr 1881 s Belgium Belgium Belgium 1887 machine hand Paris, Maggie J Daughter f Mar 1884 s Belgium Belgium Belgium 1887 school Paris, Julia Daughter f Sep 1886 s Belgium Belgium Belgium 1887 school Paris, Peter J son m Sep 1888 s Illinois Belgium Belgium Dhooghe, Frank Head m May 1873 m-3 Belgium Belgium Belgium 1892 na laborer, RR, Chicago Dhooghe, Augusta Wife f Jan 1875 m-3[1/1] Germany Germany Germany 1892 Dhooghe, Erma daughter f Apr 1899 s Illinois Belgium Germany Bogart, Octave Head f Aug 1867 wd-12[4/3] Belgium Belgium Belgium 1884 keep house Bogart, Mary daughter f Jul 1891 s Michigan Belgium Belgium Bogart, Frank son m Feb 1894 s Illinois Belgium Belgium Bogart, Emma daughter f May 1899 s Illinois Belgium Belgium Decook, Peter Head m Jul 1874 m-4 Belgium Belgium Belgium 1892 na day laborer, Chicago Decook, Fanny Wife f Jul 1875 m-4[3/2] Belgium Belgium Belgium 1896 Decook, Wilford J son m May 1898 s Wisconsin Belgium Belgium Decook, Theodore son m May-00 s Illinois Belgium Belgium Jaspers, Gustave Head m Sep 1870 m-9 Belgium Belgium Belgium 1891 na laborer, RR, Chicago Jaspers, Lintene M Wife f Apr 1870 m-9[5/2] Belgium Belgium Belgium 1891 Jaspers, Joseph son m Aug 1892 s Illinois Belgium Belgium Jaspers, Mary daughter f Dec 1893 s Illinois Belgium Belgium Vannill, Adolph Head m Jan 1864 m-12 Belgium Belgium Belgium 1890 na brick layer, Chicago Vannill, Louise Wife f Dec 1866 m-12[7/5] Belgium Belgium Belgium 1890 Vannill, Mary Daughter f May 1888 s Belgium Belgium Belgium 1890 school Vannill, Martha Daughter f Aug 1889 s Belgium Belgium Belgium 1890 school Vannill, Charles m Jan 1892 s Illinois Belgium Belgium Vannill, Forence f Mar 1896 s Illinois Belgium Belgium Vannill, Annie f Jan 1897 s Illinois Belgium Belgium Mortier, Charles Head m Jul 1869 m-2 Belgium Belgium Belgium 1893 al blacksmith, Chicago Mottier, Emelia Wife f Nov 1878 m-2[1/1] Germany Germany Germany 1893 Mortier, Emma daughter f Dec 1899 s Illinois Belgium Germany Verest, Alfred Head m Jan 1862 m-11 Belgium Belgium Belgium 1889 na unk., Chicago Verest, Mary Wife f Mar 1862 m-11[4/3] Belgium Belgium Belgium 1889 89

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Verest, Lillian daughter f Jan 1890 s Illinois Belgium Belgium school Verest, Raymond son m Jul 1894 s Illinois Belgium Belgium school Verest, Jennie daughter f May 1896 s Illinois Belgium Belgium Vanzandt, Emma Boarder f Aug 1883 s Belgium Belgium Belgium 1889 grocery clerk Vanzandt, Louis Boarder m Oct 1877 s Belgium Belgium Belgium 1889 printer Vanzandt, Charles Boarder m Jun 1881 s Belgium Belgium Belgium 1889 printer Mollmay, Charles Boarder m Jan 1858 s Belgium Belgium Belgium 1889 porter Clays, Leonard Head m Apr 1844 m-3 Belgium Belgium Belgium 1884 candymaker, Chicago Clays, Katherine Wife f Mar 1846 m-3[2/2] Belgium Belgium Belgium ? VanRees, Jos. Head m Aug 1865 m-10 Belgium Belgium Belgium 1893 ? N. G. Vanrees, Melanie Wife f Jan 1866 m-10[1/1]Belgium Belgium belgium ? Vanrees, William Son m Mar 1891 s Belgium Belgium Belgium ? school Christensen, Peter Head m Dec 1849 m-25 Denmark Denmark Denmark 1865 na janitor, Chicago Christensen, Leonora Wife f Jul 1853 m-25[4/3]Belgium Belgium Belgium ? Christensen, Peter son m Dec 1878 s Wisconsin/Denmark/Belgium office Christensen, Charles son m May 1880 s Wisconsin/Denmark/Belgium window trimmer Christensen, Julia daughter f Sep 1884 s Illinois Denmark Belgium house work Chicago Ward 10 Viane, Charles Head m Jul 1870 s Belgium Belgium Belgium 1892 na confectioner,Chicago Pirard, Eugene Head m Jan 1872 m-6 Belgium Belgium Belgium 1890 na freman/Att Institute Pirard, Ida Wife m Jul 1872 m-6[0/0] Belgium Belgium Belgium 1891 Pirard, John Head m Apr 1848 wd Belgium Belgium Belgium 1890 na dyer/cleaner, Chicago Pirard, John Jr. Son f Feb 1877 s Belgium Belgium Belgium 1891 al dyer/cleaner, Chicago Pirard, Eugene Father m Aug 1826 wd Belgium Belgium Belgium 1891 na dyer/cleaner, Chicago Simons, Peter E Head m Nov 1874 m-3 Belgium France Belgium 1876 na bookkeeper/bank, Chicago Simons, Mary Wife f May 1875 m-3[1/0] Bohemia Bohemia Bohemia 1879 Magerstadt, Fred J Head m Oct 1863 m-17 Belgium Belgium Belgium 1880 na furniture dealer, Chicago Magerstadt, Othalia Wife f Jul 1862 m-17[5/2]Ohio Germany Germany Magerstadt, Edmund son m Sep 1890 s Illinois Belgium Ohio school Magerstadt, Harold son m Jun 1895 s Illinois Belgium Ohio Corbeau, John Head m Jun 1850 m-26 Belgium Belgium Belgium 1887 ? stone cutter, Chicago Corbeau, Mary Wife f Jun 1860 m-26[3/3]Belgium Belgium Belgium ? Corbeau, Mamie daughter f May 1884 s Illinois Belgium Belgium school Fammeree, Julius Head m Aug 1861 wd Belgium Belgium Belgium 1884 na laborer, Chicago Dawer, Joseph Head m Apr 1856 m-20 Belgium Belgium Belgium 1882 na brick layer, Chicago Dawer, Mary Wife f Jul 1859 m-20[9/5]Belgium Belgium Belgium ? Dawer, Julia daughter f Dec 1881 s Poland Belgium Belgium ? dressmaker Dawer, Josie daughter f Feb 1883 s Germany Belgium Belgium ? dressmaker Dawer, Florie daughter f Feb 1884 s Illinois Belgium Belgium factory Dawer, Freddie son m Mar 1894 s Illinois Belgium Belgium school Hassewer, John Head m Aug 1869 m-9 Belgium Belgium Belgium 1892 ? cabinetmaker, Chicago Hassewer, Josephine Wife f Oct 1866 m-9[3/3] Belgium Belgium Belgium 1892 Hassewer, Lucy daughter f Jun 1891 s France Belgium Belgium school Hassewer, Rudolph son m Mar 1891 s Illinois Belgium Belgium Hassewer, Fannie daughter f Apr-00 s Illinois Belgium Belgium Godfrey, F J Head m Jan 1852 m-28 Belgium Belgium Belgium 1856 na cooper, Chicago Godfrey, Fola Wife f Jan 1855 m-28[5/4]Illinois Germany Germany Godfrey, George son m Nov 1876 s Illinois Belgium Illinois laborer Godfrey, Frank son m Nov 1882 s Illinois Belgium Illinois laborer Godfrey, William son m Jul 1886 s Illinois Belgium Illinois school Garpollo, Mary daughter f Dec 1879 m-3[1/0] Illinois Belgium Illinois Garpollo, Fred son in law m Oct 1869 m-3 Illinois Germany Germany cutter/book Huebner, Herrman Head m Dec 1875 m-1 Germany Germany Germany 1893 pa cornice maker, Chicago Huebner, Mary Wife f Sep 1881 m-1[0/0] Belgium Belgium Belgium 1884 Schumacker, J N Head m Dec 1846 m-35 Germany Germany Germany 1850 na mill supt., Chicago Schumacker, Mary Wife f Apr 1847 m-35[7/6]Belgium Belgium Belgium 1860 Schumacker, Ida daughter f Nov 1873 s Illinois Germany Belgium stenographer Schumacker, Kittie daughter f Apr 1875 s Illinois Germany Belgium Schumacker, Emily daughter f Jul 1881 s Illinois Germany Belgium student Schumacker, Doda ? daughter f Oct 1887 s Illinois Germany Belgium school Jansens, John Boarder m May 1874 s Belgium Belgium Belgium 1888 na machinist, Chicago Newbaker, Barbara Mother-in-law f Oct 1835 wd[1/1] Belgium Belgium Belgium ? daughter - Mary Keckeisen Petermans, William Head m Oct 1847 m-28 Belgium Belgium Belgium 1882 na blacksmith, Chicago Petermans, Freda Wife f Mar 1858 m-28 ?[4/4]Germany/Germany/Germany 1882 90

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Petermans, Christ Son m Nov 1872 s Belgium Belgium Germany 1882 na city fireman Petermans, Henry Son m May 1875 s Belgium Belgium Germany 1882 na blacksmith, Chicago Petermans, Matilda Daughter f Oct 1877 s Belgium Belgium Germany 1882 dressmaker Petermans, Louise Daughter f Feb 1880 s Belgium Belgium Germany 1882 Petermans, Regina Daughter f Jul 1881 s Belgium Belgium Germany 1882 school Petermans, Anna daughter f Sep 1892 Illinois Belgium Germany school Petermans, William son m Jul 1897 s Illinois Belgium Germany Petermans, Peter son m Oct 1899 s Illinois Belgium Germany Hoeft, Henry Step Son m Oct 1885 s Illinois Belgium Germany Berg, Wm F Head m Feb 1868 m-8 Belgium Belgium Belgium 1888 na life insurance agent Berg, Frances Wife f Sep 1873 m-8[[3/3] Germany Belgium Belgium Berg, William son m Sep 1893 s Illinois Belgium Germany school Berg Annie daughter f Aug 1895 s Illinois Belgium Germany school Berg, Frank son m Feb 1897 s Illinois Belgium Germany Heyen ?, Charles Head m Aug 1865 m-14 Belgium Belgium Belgium 1892 pa cooper, Chicago Heyen, Mary Wife f May 1867 m-14[5/5]Belgium Belgium Belgium ? Heyen, Nettie Daughter f Mar 1886 s Belgium Belgium Belgium ? seamstress Heyen, Alfred Son m May 1888 s Belgium Belgium Belgium ? school Heyen, Lena Daughter f Jan 1890 s Belgium Belgium Belgium ? school Heyen, Frank Son m ? 1891 s Illinois Belgium Belgium school Heyen, Matilda Daughter f Jan 1897 s Illinois Belgium Belgium Heyen, Joseph Brother m Jan 1879 s Belgium Belgium Belgium 1892 pa cooper, Chicago Groat, Edward Head m Jan 1853 m-21 Belgium Belgium Belgium 1897 pa day laborer, Chicago Groat, Lena Wife f Apr 1856 m-21[3/2]Belgium Belgium Belgium ? Groat, Arthur Son m Dec 1883 m Belgium Belgium Belgium ? day laborer, Chicago Groat, Alphonse Son m Nov 1885 m Belgium Belgium Belgium ? day laborer, Chicago Gedert, Anton Prisoner m May 1835 m-3 Belgium Belgium Belgium 1862 na House of Corrections Chicago Ward 11 Delenil, Gabril Head m Dec 1869 m-5 Belgium Belgium Belgium 1888 pa laundry, Chicago Delenil, Kattie Wife f Nov 1866 m-5[0/0] Hungary Hungary Hungary 1894 Kesteoot, Fredick Head m Dec 1854 m-23 Belgium Belgium Belgium 1892 pa ladies tailor, Chicago Kesteoot, Rose Wife f Apr 1854 m-23[12/9]BelgiumBelgium Belgium 1893 Kesteoot, Joseph Son m Jun 1880 s Belgium Belgium Belgium 1893 ladies tailor, Chicago Kesteoot, Leo Son m Aug 1882 s Belgium Belgium Belgium 1893 shipping clerk Kesteoot, Charles P Son m Mar 1884 s Belgium Belgium Belgium 1893 printing office Kesteoot, Bennie Son m Feb 1885 s Belgium Belgium Belgium 1893 ? Kesteoot, Mary Daughter f Jun 1888 s Belgium Belgium Belgium 1893 school Kesteoot, Morrie Son m Mar 1890 s Belgium Belgium Belgium 1893 school Kesteoot, Ada Daughter f Feb 1892 s Belgium Belgium Belgium 1893 school Kesteoot, Mehale son m Apr 1894 s Illinois Belgium Belgium school Kesteoot, Raymond son m Aug 1897 s Illinois Belgium Belgium Lemer, Bernard Head m Aug 1850 m-6 Belgium Belgium Belgium ? na cook, Chicago Lemer, Liza Wife f Dec 1858 m-6[4/1] ?France France France ? Lemer, Harry son m Mar 1884 s Canada Belgium France Lemer, Alfred son m Feb 1887 s Canada Belgium France Lemer, Clarance son m apr 1890 s Canada Belgium France Vonkriegen, Mary Mother f Oct 1821 wd Belgium Belgium Belgium 1857 with Samuel Picketts family Julian, Frank Head m Jul 1865 m-14 Belgium Belgium Belgium ? al paper hanger, Chicago Julian, Rose Wife f Jun 1869 m-14[1/0]Canada Canada Canada Raymaker, John Head m Apr 1851 m-24 Belgium Belgium Belgium 1880 na gravel roofer, Chicago Raymaker, Athanasia Wife f Sep 1851 m-24[1/1] Belgium Belgium Belgium ? VanDaele, Adiel Head m Jan 1872 m-1 Belgium Belgium Belgium 1892 na gravel roofer, Chicago VanDaele, Irma Wife f Jun 1878 m-1[1/1] Belgium Belgium Belgium ? Van daele, Irma daughter f Oct 1898 s Illinois Belgium Belgium Meerseman, Paul Head m Nov 1866 m-8 Belgium Belgium Belgium 1884 na cook, Chicago Meerseman, Mary Wife f Oct 1875 m-8[3/2] Belgium Belgium Belgium ? Meerseman, Eulala daughter f Jun 1893 s Illinois Belgium Belgium Meerseman, Cuba daughter f Oct 1898 s Illinois Belgium Belgium Blondell, Joseph M Boarder m Sep 1867 s Belgium Belgium Belgium 1871 na wood carver, Chicago Braem, Emma Servant f Nov 1878 wd[2/1] Belgium Belgium Belgium ? with Corvin family VanDale, Leopold Servant Apr 1866 s Belgium Belgium Belgium 1894 na with Eddy family, Chicago

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Canadian Obituaries Sent by Elaine Putnam

THE CHATHAM DAILY NEWS, Chatham, Ontario - 29 June 2007 CLASSENS, Christine (Janssen) - A resident of Wallaceburg, passed away at the Chatham General Campus on June 27, 2007 in her 83rd year. Beloved wife the late Mathieu Classens (2003). Loving mother of Trudy and Michael Dutot of Midland, Michigan, Rose Classens, Herb Classens of Wallaceburg and the late Paul Classens (1965). Dear grandmother of Jamieson and Christopher. Friends may call at the HAYCOCK-CAVANAGH FUNERAL HOME, 409 Nelson Street, in Wallaceburg from 2-4 and 7-9 p.m. on Friday. A Mass of the Resurrection will be celebrated at Holy Family Church by father Philip Joseph at 12 Noon on Saturday, June 30, 2007. Interment at Riverview Cemetery. If desired, remembrances to the Canadian Cancer Society or the Heart & Stroke Foundation may be left at the funeral home (519-627-3231). Online condolences to [email protected]

THE CHATHAM DAILY NEWS, Chatham, Ontario - 29 June 2007 STALL, Mary Augusta - Peacefully at Copper Terrace Long Term Care Facility, Chatham, on thursday, June 2, 2007, Mary Augusta (DeGroete) Stall, age 87, of Chatham, beloved wife of the late Austin George Stall Sr. (1999). Loving mother of Austin Stall Jr. and his wife Elizabeth of Chatham, Norman Stall and his wife Darleen of Chatham, Gordon Stall and his wife Charlotte of Chatham and William Stall and his friend Linda Lozon of Wallaceburg. Sadly missed by 9 grandchildren and 5 great grandchildren. She is predeceased by several brothers and sisters. Friends and relatives may call at the Funeral home 156 William St. S. Chatham from 2-4 and 7-9 p.m. Friday, June 29, 2007. chapel Service will be conducted in the HINNEGAN-PESESKI FUNERAL HOME on Saturday June 30, 2007 at 10:00 a.m. Burial will be in St. Anthony's Cemetery. Donations to the Charity of One's Choice would be appreciated. Online condolences welcomed at www.peseski.com

THE DELHI NEWS, Delhi, Ontario - 04 July 2007 MARIE (VANDEPOELE)HUYGE of William Street, Delhi, Ontario, passed away at Norfolk General Hospital, Simcoe, on Tuesday, June 26, 2007, in her 90th year. The former Marie Vandepoele, beloved wife of the late Julien DeGriek (1964) and the late Frank Huyge (1988). Dear mother of Darlene Rayner (late Gary 1998), Delhi, and Joan VanParys (Charles) , LaSalette. Cherished grandmother of nine grandchildren and seventeen great-grandchildren. Dear sister of Laura VanHaverbeke (late Remi), Andy vandepoele (Laura), twin brothers John Vandepoele (Margaret) and Louis Vandepoele (Marie), special brother Albert Vandepoele (Fran), the late Martha Vertente (late Ray), the late Noel Vandepoele (late Josie) and the late Tony Vandepoele (Betty). also survived by several nieces and nephews. Friends called at MURPHY FUNERAL HOME, Delhi, for visitation on Thursday from 7:00-9:00 p.m. and for Parish Prayers at 7:30 p.m. A Funeral Mass was held at Our Lady of LaSalette Roman Catholic Church on Friday, June 29th at 10:00 a.m. with Rev. Fr. Alan Dufraimont officiating. Interment in Delhi Cemetery. Donations to the Our Lady, Queen of Martyrs Memorial Fund or the charity of your choice will be gratefully acknowledged by the family.

THE LONDON FREE PRESS, London, Ontario - 2 July 2007 AERSSEN Godelieve (Vanoverbeke) of St. Thomas, passed away at LHSC, University Campus on Friday, June 29, 2007, in her 86th year. she was born in Belgium on July 16, 1921. Dearly loved mother of Doreen Carder and her husband John of Shedden, Jeannette Utting of Brantford, Frank Aerssen and his partner Pearl of St. Thomas, Oscar Aerssen and his partner Carol of Cambridge, Ann Pulsifer of St. Thomas, the late John Aerssen (his wife Judy of Mississauga), and the late Alice Aerssen. Also fondly remembered by two sisters, a number of grandcildren and great grandchildren, one great great grandson and numerous nieces and nephews. Friends will be received by the family at the Sifton Funeral Home, 118 Wellington St., St. Thomas on Tuesday from 10:00 a.m. until the service time of 11:00 a.m. Interment in McArthur Cemetery, Southwold Township. Memorial donations to the Heart & Stroke Foundation of Ontario or the Sunshine Dreams for Kids greatefully acknowledged.

THE DELHI NEWS-RECORD, Delhi, Ontario - 27 June 2007 MRS. MARGARETHA 'METJE' DEMEULENAERE Of William Street, Delhi, passed away peacefully at her home on Sunday, June 24, 2007, in her 90th year. Member of the Delhi Senior Citizens Friendship Club.Emigrated from Belgium in 1955. Beloved wife of the late Gerard Demeulenaere (1969). Loving mother of George Demeulenaere (Eva), P.E.I; Archie Demeulenaere (Maria), Waterford; Paul Demeulenaere (Mary), PE.I.; Walter Demeulenaere (Gerry), Vanessa; Joseph Demeulenaere (Irene), Princeton, Agnes DeMaere (Luke), Delhi; and Cecile Wylie (Martin), Kelvin. Cherished grandmother of 37 grandchildren and 47 great-grandchildren Dearest

Belgian Laces Vol#31 -121 sister of Jeanne Mortagne (Jerome), Belgium. Also survived by several nieces and nephews. Predeceased by her grandsons Gerard Demeulenaere (1982), Jason Demeulenaere (1998), Robert Demeulenaere (1998), and by her brother Paul and three sisters, Blanche, Madeleine and Simonne. Friends called at the MURPHY FUNERAL HOME, Delhi, for visitation on Tuesday from 6:00 to 9;00 p.m. A Private Family Funeral Service will be held in the Chapel with Rev. Fr. Alan Dufraimont officiating. Interment in Our Lady of LaSalette Cemetery, LaSalette. Donations to the Delhi Community Health Centre will be gratefully acknowledged by the family.

THE LONDON FREE PRESS, London, Ontario - 16 July 2007 JUBENVILLE, Glenn G. a resident of R.R.#4 Thamesville, passed away peacefully at the Chatham-Kent Health Alliance on Friday, July 13, 2007at the age of 79. Born in Tilbury East Twp., son of the late Stanley and Mary (Dickson) Jubenville. Beloved husband of he late Lily (Flynn) Bechard (2006). Glen is survived by Allan and Janet Craeymeersch and family of Thamesville, sisters-in-law Christine Jubenville of Windsor, Marilyn Jubenville of Chatham, and brother-in-law Ray Craeymeersch of Thamesville. Also survived by many nieces, nephews, great nieces and great-nephews. Predeceased by a sister Dorothy Craeymeersch, brothers Duncan, Ken and Pete Jubenville. The Jubenville family will receive friends at the Badder & Robinson Funeral Home, 211 Elm St., Bothwell on Sunday from 2-4 and 7-9 p.m. The funeral service will be held in the chapel of the funeral home on Monday, July 16, 2007 at 1:30pm. Interment Mayhew-Mt Pleasant Cemetery, Thamesville. donations may be made at the funeral home by cheque to the London Regional Cancer Clinic, or the V.O.N. Online condolences and donations may be left at our website www.badderfuneralhome.com. "A tree will be planted in memory of Glenn Jubenville in the Badder & Robinson Memorial Forest, Mosa Twp."

THE LONDON FREE PRESS, London, Ontario - 25 June 2007 Peacefully at Alexandria Hospital, Ingersoll on Sunday, June 24, 2007, surrounded by the love of his family, John Pieter Van Bommel, of Ingersoll, in his 51st year. Beloved husband of Rose and devoted father of Ryan and Michael. Dear son of William Van Bommel and dear brother of Jane (Frank) Stevers, Diana Van Bommel, Peter Van Bommel, Susan (Walter) Friedl, Michael (Sherry) Van Bommel and Sheila (Mike) Boone. Dear son-in-law of Mary Ryan and dear brother-in-law of Francis (Theresa) Ryan, Michael (Danielle) Ryan, Patricia (Kevin) Edmondson, Mary (Robert) rfeynen, Joseph (Penny) Ryan, John (Roxanne) Ryan, Ann (Rob) sawyer, Joan Ryan and Elizabeth Wullms. also loved by several nieces and nephews. Predeceased by his mother Gertruda (1999), his brother Danny (1969), his father-in-law Joseph (1998), brother-in-law Patrick (1978) and sister-in-law Agnes (2006). Friends will be received at the McBeath-Dynes Funeral Home, 246 Thames St. S., Ingersoll Tuesday 2-4 and 7-9 P.M. Parish Prayers Tuesday afternoon at 3:30 P.M. Funeral Mass will be held at Sacred Heart Church, Ingersoll on Wednesday, June 27, 2007 at q11:00 A.M. Interment Sacred Heart Cemetery. Memorial donations to the Muscular Dystrophy Association or Alexandra Hospital Building Fund would be appreciated

THE LONDON FREE PRESS, London, Ontario - 29 June 2007 VAN DAM Imelda, finally with the Lord and her beloved husband Frank on Wednesday, June 27, 2007. She will be sadly missed by her children; Nancy (Richard), Sheila (Terry) and Frank Jr. (Carol). Always remembered and cherished by her grandchildren; Austin, Danielle, Shawn, Brady and Jake. Predeceased by her son Everett, brother Arsene and her parents Andre and Leona. Dear sister of Roger (Mary) Goossens, Magda (Cace) Schoenmakers, Helene (Bill) Buchkowski and Ivan Goossens. Dear sister-in-law of Barbara Goossens. Imelda will be fondly remembered by her friend Ron Robinson. Friends may call on Friday from 2 to 4 and 7 to 9 p.m. at the James A. Harris Funeral Home, 220 St. James Street at Richmond. The Funeral Mass will be celebrated in St. Peter's Basilica, 196 Dufferin Avenue at Richmond on Saturday, June 30 at 10:00 a.m. Interment St. Peter's Cemetery. Memorial contributions to St. Peter's Basilica or the London Health Sciences Foundation for Cancer Research would be gratefully acknowledged. Parish prayers will be said at the funeral home on Friday at 2 p.m.

THE LONDON FREE PRESS, London, Ontario - 19 June 2007 VANDENBROEK Marie Josephine of R.R.3 Dutton on Sunday, June 17, 2007 at the St. Thomas-Elgin General Hospital. Loved wife of Casper and sadly missed by her children and their families John and his wife Sue Vandenbroek and their children Brad, Chris and Krystle, Phil and his wife Jane Smith and their children jennifer, Amanda (late Lydia, 2004), Carolyn, Kaitlan, John and Abigail, (predeceased son Jeff) Robyn and her husband Terry Walker and son Jed, Mark Vandenbroek and his friend Lisa Casey. Marie is also survived by other family and friends. Resting at Williams Funeral Home, 45 Elgin Street, St. Thomas until Thursday afternoon and then to St. Anne's Church where Mass of Christian Burial will be celebrated at 1:00 p.m. Interment to follow in Cowal Cemetery. Visitation Wednesday from 2-4 and 7-9 p.m. Donations to the St. Thomas-Elgin General Hospital Foundation (Shampoo Cart for Palliative Care Unit) or the Daffodil Society in Dutton would be greatly appreciated. 93

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Belgians in 1906 Saskatchewan

Saskatchewan, Humboldt, 13 1 163 Behield, Edward Head M M 60 Belgium 1899 Watson 2 163 Behield, Marie Wife F M 62 Belgium 1899 3 163 Behield, Sidonie Daughter F S 22 Belgium 1899 4 163 Behield, Mary Daughter F S 20 Belgium 1899 5 163 Behield, Alfonse Son M S 29 Belgium 1899 Watson

6 165 Reyns, Stanislas Head M S 28 Belgium 1903 Watson

7 166 Ackermann, Joseph Head M M 27 Germany 1896 Watson 8 166 Ackermann, Hortanse Wife F M 27 Belgium 1899 9 166 Ackermann, Edward son M S 5 Alberta 10 166 Ackermann, Alfonse son M S 3 Alberta 11 166 Ackermann, Sidonie daughter F S 2 Saskatchewan 12 166 Ackermann, Hubert son M S 3-Apr Saskatchewan

13 167 Jorneire, Joseph M S 24 Belgium 1903 Watson

17 232 Beheile, Fred M S 25 Belgium 1899 Watson

Saskatchewan, Humboldt, 16 10 63 Gauze, Bertha Head M S 56 Belgium 1905 Watson

11 64 Gauze, Frank Head M S 23 Belgium 1905 Watson

Saskatchewan, Humboldt, 18 27 147 Haros, Bernard Head M S 36 Belgium 1905 Floodoo

Saskatchewan, Humboldt, 19 11 457 Orban, Gustave Head M M 24 Belgium 1906 Howell 12 457 Orban, Josephine Wife F M 23 Belgium 1906 13 457 Orban, Gustave Son M S 1 Belgium 1906 14 457 Orban, August Brother M S 25 Belgium 1906 15 457 Dettor, Matilda Sister-in-law F W 18 Belgium 1906 16 457 Dettor, Joseph Nephew M S 6-Dec Belgium 1906

2 503 Lambert, Ed Head M M 32 Belgium 1899 Dana 3 503 Lambert, Mary Wife F M 28 Belgium 1899 Dana 4 503 Lambert, Lea daughter F S 5 5 503 Lambert, Jennie daughter F S 1

6 504 Perot, Joe Head M M 29 Belgium 1889 Dana 7 504 Perot, Lea Wife F M 22 Belgium 1889 Dana 8 504 Perot, Alfred son M S 2

10 506 Perot, Auguste Head M M 33 Belgium 1893 Dana 11 506 Perot, Emilie Wife F M 26 Belgium 1893 Dana 12 506 Perot, Morris son M S 7 Manitoba 13 506 Perot, Henry son M S 5 Manitoba 14 506 Perot, Albert son M S 4 Manitoba 15 506 Perot, Marcie son M S 2 Saskatchewan

17 508 Norman, Ed Head M M 45 France 1892 Dana? 18 508 Norman, Margaret Wife F M 31 Belgium 1894 19 508 Norman, Andrew son M S 7 Manitoba 20 508 Norman, Mary daughter F S 5 Manitoba 21 508 Norman, Ambine? daughter F S 4 Manitoba 22 508 Norman, Martha daughter F S 2 Manitoba 23 508 Norman, Margaret daughter F S Apr 4? Saskatchewan

1 545 Darwin, Ephram Head M M 36 Belgium 1893 2 545 Darwin, Adler Wife F M 26 Belgium 1893 3 545 Darwin, Camil son M S 2 Manitoba 4 545 Darwin, Mercie son M S 6-Nov Manitoba 5 545 Darwin, Modeste Father M W 70 Belgium

6 546 Nicolas, Frank Head M S 27 Belgium 1904 7 546 Gilian, Paul Servant M s 27 Belgium 1906

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Verviers looks like any other Belgian cities, but looks can be deceiving, and beneath this placid surface, lies an extraordinary city, a city brimming with life, with imagination, open to newcomers, to new ideas, a true cradle for leaders. This is the story of one of these born-in-Verviers leaders

Joseph SCHMETZ 1891-1944 “underneath Schmetz’s gruff exterior… resided one of the shrewdest and most thoughtful minds in Woonsocket” Gary Gerstle, author Wool washer By Micheline Gaudette Inventor: Eugène Melen 1863. Built by Victor Charpentiers Workshop The local newspaper announcing the death and 1948 http://www.quickpix.com/ upcoming funeral of Joseph Schmetz, called him Woonsocket.htm http://vivi2405.sosblog.fr/Blog-de- a “pioneer in the field of trade unionism“.1 b1/Verviers-photo-b1-c15-20.htm Nothing could have been truer, during a time convulsed by the Great Depression, the vision and actions of the former president of the Industrial Trades Union, sparked a social revolution in Woonsocket and beyond, benefiting thousands of people.

Joseph Schmetz was born in Verviers, Belgium, on Oct.15th, 1891, son of Jean Pierre Joseph Hubert Schmetz, day laborer, and Gertrude Guillemine Niessen2(widowed by 1899, she remarried with a Bernard Metz with whom she had at least 2 children). Both parents were from the Aachen region of Germany (abt. 25 miles from Verviers), where their 2 oldest children, Anna and Michel Adam were born. A younger brother, Auguste Hubert was also born in Verviers.3 The Schmetz family had settled in Verviers between 1889 and 1891, joining a large (over 12,000) German population already living, working and thriving in that city. With some exceptions, it would seem good rapports existed between the Belgians and the Germans. 4 Unfortunately, WWI would change all that, after the war and in reaction to the atrocities committed by the German army in Belgium, many good, decent German nationals living in Belgium would be forced to return to Germany, even if they had lived for decades in the country. 5 Born and raised in Belgium, Joseph Schmetz was Belgian in heart and soul, but because of his German parents, the law required 6 him to choose his nationality at the age of 18. A notation added to his birth record attests that he did so, declaring he was Belgian by birth and by choice. During WWI, and like the rest of industrial Belgium, Verviers saw the heavy equipments used by its textile industry seized by the occupying forces, dismantled and shipped to Germany. Even after the war, Belgians were in a dire situation with their industrial infrastructure in shambles. For many Belgians, no industry meant no work. We may safely assume this situation pushed Joseph Schmetz to immigrate to Canada. On Feb.11, 1920, he, his wife Marie Therese (nee Laplume) and their 2 children, Therese and Joseph, arrived at the Port of St. John, New Brunswick. 7 They settled in Toronto and lived at 202 Shaw St for a while. They had not traveled alone, the Brika family from Verviers and other Belgians were on board the ship “Scotian”. (Armand Brika’s wife was a Laplume, who might have been a sister or cousin of Marie-Therese Laplume- Schmetz). In 1923, the Schmetz family left Canada for the US, and after a short stay in Buffalo, NY, moved to Lawrence, Massachusetts, where the 1924 city’s directory listed them living at Crosby St. #30. Joseph Schmetz exercised his Freedom of Speech rights a little too freely, and his outspokenness caused him to be To the left is the French Worsted Mills blacklisted by the textile industry in that city. However, as a skilled mulespinner, www.woonsocket.org/hamlet1.html

1 The Woonsocket Call, Monday Nov. 13, 1944, article graciously provided by Ms. Barbara Bussart, librarian, Woonsocket Harris Public library. 2 Joseph Schmetz birth record, graciously provided by Marie-Josée Deroanne 3 Verviers Population Register. 4 Wynants, Jacques, Les germanophones de la province de Liege, entre L’enclume belge et le marteau du Reich: 1910-1914, 2004, published by the Centre Liegeois d’Histoire et d’Archeologie Militaire and graciously provided by Robert Britte. 5 Correspondence dated Feb. 23, 2009 with Dr. Frank Caestecker, Gent Universitie, Belgium 6 Le Moniteur dated Jeudi, 17 Juin 1909, graciously provided by Jeanine Schnitzler, also information regarding Belgian citizenship graciously provided by Herve Bourgeois. 7 Canadian Passenger Lists, St. John, New Brunwick, 11 Feb. 1920. 95

Belgian Laces Vol#31 -121 it was easy for him to find decent work somewhere else. So, he moved his family to Woonsocket, Rhode Island, where he was hired at the French Worsted Mills and then at the Desurmont Mills. A mulespinner was a highly skilled worker overseeing the complicated operation of hundreds of bobbins spinning simultaneously on a moving carriage.

The 1930 US census of Woonsocket lists the Schmitz (sic) family living at Diamond Hill Rd. # 361, Joseph Schmitz, 38, spinner, Marie Schmitz his wife, 37, worked in preparation, Therese Schmitz, their daughter, 19, also worked in preparation, Joseph D. Schmitz, their son, 13, at school. A boarder, Antoine Mignon, 46, lived with them. 8

Life for Joseph Schmetz and his family could have been easy, he made a good salary, his wife and daughter were also employed in local mills. Instead, his passion for social and economic justice for workers combined with his disappointment by the lack of progress made by local unions in obtaining lasting results benefiting workers, led him along with other Belgian and French skilled textile workers to form in 1931, the Independent Textile Union (ITU) to which he dedicated the rest of his life.

Much of the following information about the ITU and Joseph Schmetz comes from Gary Gerstle’s book Working Class Americanism, The Politics of Labor in a Textile City, 1914-1960, Cambridge University Press, 1989. The author researched the subject extensively and brilliantly, conducting many interviews with former ITU unionists. Dr. Gerstle is currently (2009) Professor of Political Science at Vanderbilt University, TN.

Joseph Schmetz was no stranger to unions; he had been an active union member at his various places of employment in Belgium and in the United States, where he and other Belgian/French unionists were labeled as radicals, socialists, even communists. Radicals, yes, they were. Socialists? Yes, like in Social Democrats. But communists? Absolutely not! Let’s remember also that much of what was deemed radical at that time is common practice today.

Many cotton and woolen mills were built in Woonsocket, RI, because of its ideal location by the Blackstone River, and the readily available cheap labor provided by the hardworking French-Canadians who from 1860 on, had settled in that city. In the 20’s and 30’s, the Great Depression had left no one and no place unscathed. Less than ½ the Woonsocket population had full time employment during those years. With a few exceptions, the cotton mills, the major employers, were closing and moving South, and the woolen and worsted mills had reduced their production. This appalling situation left employers with the upper hand, free at will to cut wages and increase work hours at the same time, making a miserable situation even worse. Other very serious abuses also existed. With the exception of the Guerin Mills owners who tried to alleviate the sufferings of their workers, the other employers had a more or less indifferent attitude toward their plights. 9

And then the ITU came along.

The ITU was modeled on some components of American unions, but also on the goals of the Parti Ouvrier Belge (Belgian Worker’s Party). Unlike other unions, the ITU was a union for workers skilled or not, of all nationalities and of all ethnic backgrounds, and its goal was to “attempt to secure wages and good working conditions for all its members”. The rank and file held the power, not those who were elected to serve in the ITU leadership positions, in fact, the leaders (5 leaders per local) also worked full-time in the mills. Another attracting factor were the low ITU dues. Joseph Schmetz and the ITU were soon put to the test when in 1931, the twisters at the Desurmont Mills walked out in protest over wage cuts. Within a week the ITU was able to negotiate a 7.5 % pay increase for all 625 employees at the plant.10 This accomplishment encouraged many workers to join the ITU. At another mill, non-union workers went on a wildcat strike, and the ITU devoted much of its financial resources to feeding those on strike. Many more workers joined the union. But in1932, there was a setback when the strike at the Branch River Wool Combing Co. was unsuccessful. 11 In 1933, the Desurmont workers went on strike for 8 weeks over a 17% pay cut; the ITU gave food benefits to the strikers. In 1934, after hesitating, and because Joseph Schmetz felt the ITU had an obligation toward other textile unions, the ITU supported a general strike called for by the UTW (United Textile Workers). It turned into a riot in some areas of Woonsocket, with looting, stone throwing, and property being destroyed. Sixty people were arrested. Schmetz’s calls for an end to violence went unheeded. This would seem like a defeat for the ITU, but in fact, the ITU increased its membership after the riots. By that time the ITU had organized 17 mills and had 3,000 members12.

8 Rhode Island, Woonsocket, 1930 Federal Census. 9 Gerstle Gary, Working-Class Americanism, The Politics of Labor in a Textile City, 1914-1960, Cambridge University Press. 1989, p.96. 10 Ibid., 104 11 Ibid., 105 12 Ibid., 138 96

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Note that strikes were not their weapons of choice, but of last resort when negotiations and recourses to laws failed to achieve the desired objective. By no means were Joseph Schmetz and the ITU against capitalism and private enterprises, only against greed and injustice.

Most of the French-Canadians, the ethnic majority in Woonsocket, had shied away from joining unions, but these hardworking people were attracted by the ITU and quickly became an integral part of the union’s success. Joseph Schmetz was in his own way charismatic, he spoke French, English, Walloon and probably some German too, but most of all, he spoke the language of plain ordinary working people, he knew how they felt, he knew their despairs when they were unable to provide for their families, he knew the injustices they had suffered. There are no doubts he genuinely cared for the workers’ welfare. Good wages and improved working conditions were not the only things Joseph Schmetz had in mind for the ITU members, his goal was to make the union an integral part of the lives of its members by providing them with educational, medical, social and economic benefits. In the Walker area of Woonsocket, the ITU build 13 low-priced houses for its members to buy.

Joseph Schmetz led an active social life, many good times were spent talking about the old country and what unions accomplished there, old glory stories and songs were taught to the newer generation of union members. Forty years after the fact, Larry Spitz, former general secretary of the ITU, in an interview with the author Gary Gerstle, was able to recall Belgian songs taught to him by Joseph Schmetz and his Belgian friends!13 (Larry Spitz was a young man who became prominent in labor circles; he died at the age of 97 on Dec. 8, 2008). It would appear Joseph Schmetz was no angel, he could be very forceful and used hard language to make a point and to intimidate his adversaries. But on the other hand, his writings in the ITU News, would reveal a very thoughtful side of him, he would write about “peace, security and domestic happiness…a measure of justice and humanitarianism into the administration of all institutions, economic and political, which affect the lives of countless people” “ the working class is ordinarily conservative and decisions to strike are usually taken after long deliberations” “ bitterness which eats away at the heart of a man who feels himself the victim of circumstances...renders him easy prey to Fascism and Nazism”. As a naturalized American citizen, he had great admiration for the Declaration of Independence, Freedom of Speech, the Revolution, the Pilgrims, and the great men of American history. 14 He pushed the union members to learn English, to vote, to fully integrate into the American way of life.

As for his private life, it remains pretty much that, private. He was 19-20 when he married Marie Therese Laplume, who was born in Verviers on May 5, 1892, daughter of Jean D. Laplume and Therese Vamens. They had 2 children born in Verviers: Therese Schmetz (who married a Belgian, Eugene Vandercoilden) and Joseph D. Schmetz. Marie Laplume-Schmetz was also active in the ITU. Not at all unusual for a woman born in Verviers! There is no indication that Joseph Schmetz ever went back to Belgium for a visit, but Marie did, at least once in 1938.15

By 1936, the union membership had reached 6,000 - the ITU was on solid ground! Joseph Schmetz was placed on a full-time salaried position as the president of the union. His weekly salary? $40.00 like the salary of a skilled mulespinner! A year later, Joseph Schmetz brought Larry Spitz onboard as the ITU general secretary. The Rhode Island State 1938 elections were also a victory for the ITU. Unhappy with the Democratic Party’s lack of support for the union, the ITU flexed its political muscles and threw its support behind the Republican Party. Twenty-three out of their preferred 30 candidates were elected! 16

Under Joseph Schmetz ‘s leadership the ITU reached 12,000 members by 1942. They were the best-paid workers in the textile industry anywhere in the country, and Joseph Schmetz made no apology for that, he felt the workers deserved every penny they received. Finally, workers regardless of their abilities were receiving the respect they deserved. Favoritism in the workplace where the ITU was present, was practically eliminated and a fair work distribution was in place. The previous years had been good years for workers in Woonsocket and this in turn had brought prosperity to the city. At that time and to accommodate the various trades members of the ITU, the name of the union was changed from Independent Textile Union (ITU) to Independent Trades Union of America (ITU). The ITU would also expand its reach to include the Providence area and parts of Massachusetts; Larry Spitz spearheaded this expansion.

Knowing full well that it was just a matter of time before the woolen textile industry would migrate to the South, just like the cotton industry had done a decade earlier, Joseph Schmetz promoted affiliating the ITU with the CIO (Congress of Industrial Organizations), this move would have facilitated the retraining of ITU members for other trades also under the umbrella of the CIO. However, the more conservative membership faction of the ITU resisted the idea.

13 Ibid., 87 14 Ibid., 166 15 Ship Geroldstein Passenger List, arriving in NY on March 25th, 1938. 16 Gerstle Gary, Working-Class Americanism, The Politics of Labor in a Textile City, 1914-1960,, p. 233 97

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From 1938 to 1942, Joseph Schmetz was reelected as president of the ITU. But a rift was becoming apparent between the “Europeans” (Schmetz’s group) and the French-Canadians anxious to control the ITU where they were in majority. In 1939, some French-Canadian skilled workers opposed him and depicted him as “Hitler who rules with an iron hand”, the French-Canadian clergy had a hand too in spreading rumors that he and his union leaders were communists. These unfounded accusations must have hurt, but Schmetz won reelection anyway. That year, the ITU was handed a big victory when the National Labor Relations Board sided with them and ruled against the Woonsocket Rayon Mill for refusing to take back strikers.

In 1943, Joseph Schmetz was ousted from the presidency by 18 votes17, and the French-Canadians took control of the ITU leadership. No doubts Joseph Schmetz had made mistakes, stepped on many toes, was impatient at time, but his biggest mistake was to underestimate Larry Spitz‘s growing popularity with the union members in and outside the Woonsocket area. And so, Joseph Schmetz was defeated when Larry threw his support behind his rival. Larry Spitz remained as general secretary under the new presidency, but his maneuverings to keep that position open for him until his return from the military were to no avail, things had changed, new allegiances had been forged, and promises forgotten.18 Larry went on to…but that’s another story altogether.

After his unexpected defeat, Joseph Schmetz could only say:“ he was relieved of the burden he had carried for 12 years as head of the ITU”. 19Of course he was tired, worn-out, not only by the heavy workload he carried all those years, but also by the illness that was about to take his life.

One year later, on November 11, 1944, Joseph Schmetz died of stomach cancer. Admired and followed by workers, labeled a radical troublemaker and worse by those he and the ITU challenged, this courageous man and his team won many battles on behalf of workers. And what happened to the ITU? Well, that’s also another story... suffice to say that even though it was lead by good people, it was never the same.

After the death of her husband, Marie Laplume Schmetz continued to work until the age of 68, she never remarried. She died on June 1, 1984 in Woonsocket, at the age of 92, leaving two children, five grandchildren and four great-grandchildren. 20 Hopefully, the posterity of Joseph and Marie Schmetz will remember that in time of great needs, their ancestor and his like- minded friends courageously stepped-up to the plate and made a difference in the lives of thousands of workers and their families. Woonsocket, that pleasant city by the Blackstone River, has not forgotten and much about Joseph Schmetz and the ITU can be seen in their museum.

Mais les rêves, tous ces rêves que l'on ne faisait plus Mais les rêves, tous ces rêves que l'on croyait perdus Il suffit d'une étincelle pour que tout à coup Ils reviennent de plus belle, les rêves sont en nous Les rêves sont en nous...

But the dreams we dared not dream anymore Tthe dreams we thought forever gone All it took was a spark, and suddenly The dreams were back again , the dreams are part of us. The dreams are part of us… Pierre Rapsat (1948-2002) Author, composer, singer and Verviers’ adopted son.

http://viewmorepics.myspace.com/index.cfm?fuseaction=user.viewPicture&friendID=197870730&albumId=442670

17 Ibid., 271 18 Ibid., 275 19 Ibid., 272 20 The Woonsocket Call, June 2, 1984. Obituary p. 9, graciously provided by Ms.Barbara Bussart, Librarian, Woonsocket Harris Public Library. 98

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Belgian passengers listed on the “Scotian” arriving on 11 Feb. 1920, in St. John, New Brunswick, coming from Southampton, England. Source: Canadian Passenger Lists, 1865-1935 – Ancestry. Sent by Micheline Gaudette It would be very interesting to follow the whereabouts of these people. They all have a story to tell. Some stayed in Canada, others crossed the border and settled in the US. Peter Dandeseux died in Toronto in 1928 from apoplexy at the age of 48, he was the son of Jules Dandeseux and Catherine Deru, his wife Elisa Jansen took him back to Verviers for burial! Polonie Colombin’s husband Lambert and son also named Lambert both had enlisted on March 19, 1917 with the Canadian Over-Sea Expedition. Lambert Colombin was a coal miner from Lodelinsart/Charleroi area.

**denotes “mulespinner” - ?? denotes a probable error.

Arys, Jean Frans D’Hooghe, Marie Deschamps, Elvire Marbaise, Felicien Seys, Sarah Arys, Marie D’Hooghe, Robert Deschamps, Georges Mathys, Auguste Siva, Josephine Bonboire, Elie D’Hooghe, Florent Deschamps, Marie Meynen, Mary (teacher Smorgans, Louise Bonboire, Henriette D’Hooghe, Florentia Deschamps, Marthe Ursulines convent) Soenen, Jeanne Bonboire, Mathieu ** De Boeck, Emeric Dubois, Gaspard ** Michaux, Louis Soenen, Simone Bonboire, Mathieu De Boeck, Paulette Ducarme, Archange Michaux, Augustin Staff, Fernand Bonboire, Nicolas De Clerck, August Ducarme, Emile Mottie, Jules Staff, Philomena Borle, Alice De Clerck, Romanie Ducarme, Maurice Mouton, Louis Staff, Robert Bosseret, Charles De Cruydt, Julia Dufays, Mary Musin, Ferdinand Staff, Roger Bosseret, Pauline De Cruydt, Maria Dumans, J N Nagels, Rene Taelmans, Jeanne Brangers, Elisabeth De Deyne, Marie Fassotte, Charles ** Nicolas, Nicolas Taelmans, Jules Brangers, Francois De Greif, Remer Frison, Marie Nigaux, Gaston Tavignot, Charles Brangers, Irma De Magnee, Albert Frison, Philomene Noel, Charles Tavignot, Marcel Brangers, Maurice De Magnee, George Geeraert, Camille?? Noel, Leon ** Tavignot, Maria Brangers, Palmyre De Magnee, Lydie Geeraert, Bertha?? Olikier (probably Olivier), Thonus, Adele Brika, Armand** De Magnee, Mary Gillet, Jules Emilie Thonus, Leon Brika, Therese De Ridder, Rev. P Guesquiere, Alois Papen, Charles Thonus, Louis ** Brika, Therese De Schutter, Camille Guillemin, Gregoire ** Papen, Jeanne Timmerman, Joseph Bruyneel, Celina DeSchutter, Clementine Guillemin, Marie Papen, Philomene Van Aelst, Cyrille Calaban, Nicolas Joseph De Schutter, Elodie Guillemin, Melanie Plouquet, Joseph Van Dambrugge, Marie Caudysker, Alida De Schutter, Oscar Heene, Milaine Preudhomme, Henri Van Haverbeck, Jean Chesquiere, Alcis De Schutter, Raymont Henrion, Jeanne (midwife) Preudhomme, Henri Van Rompay, Cyrille Claeys, Albert De Schutter, Rene Hicketick, Henri Preudhomme, Jeanne Van Santen, Pierre Hicketick, Hortense Proisy, Genevieve Amelie Clayton, Celine De Schutter, Stephanie Puyssene, Frans Van Tilborgh, Pauline Clerbois, Arthur De Schutter, Urbain Huyssens, Susanne Vanderdonck, Joe Joipet, Eugene Regnier, Mary Clerbois, Mrs. A De Vuyst, Gustave Rigaud, Gaston Vanderdonck, Joseph Clerbois, George Debaer, Frank Lam, Jean Vanderdonck, Polydore Lannoo, Adriel Roelandts, Alexis Clerbois, Christiane Debeille, Mary Roeser, Adolphe Vanderveldt, Louis Close, Adolphine Dedoyard, Jean ** Lannoo, Charles Vanderveldt, Maria Lannoo, Edmond Rubant, Honore Close, Antoinette Dedoyard, Jeanne Rubant, Joseph Vanderveldt, Margaret Close, Hubert ** Deduytsche, Achiel Lannoo, Godelieve Verstraete, Aleda Lannoo, Emericus, Schamp, Achille Close, Nicolas Deduytsche, Bertha Schamp, Albert Verstraete, Louis Closset, Jean Deman, August Lannoo, Julia Vertongen, Cyrille Lannoo, Maurice Schaubroeck, Marcel Colombin, Poline Deman, Julienne Schaubroeck, Maurice Vertongen, Gustave Comhaire, Jean Deman, Livain Laroye, George Vertonoen, Joseph Legein, Remi Schmetz, Joseph ** Coppe, Ferdinand Demans, Anna Schmetz, Marie Voet, Elisa Crockaert, Camille Demartelaere, Bernard Lerute, Charles Voet, Maria Lessier, Jean?? Schmetz, Therese Crockaert, Cyrille Demey, Louis Schmetz, Joseph Voet, Rachel Crockaert Jerome Denis, Arthur Leuchter, Nicolas ** Vrydaegts, Evariste (priest) Leuchter, Guillaume ** Selvais, Jules Warnotte, Mathilde Damboise, Gilberte Deremians, Henri- Selvais, Mathilde Dandeseux, Peter** Edmond Maes, Clementine Witsel, Madeleine Maes, Gustave Seys, Adronie Dauwe, Sidonie?? Deremiens, Henri Seys, Julius D’Haene, Charles Deschamps, Alphonse Marbaise, Elennore

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A sip of history: Beer in the Middle Ages BelgianShop WeekLetter 1377

In the Middle Ages, brewers didn't understand the phenomena of brewing. They mixed the ingredients and somehow it turned into beer. Nobody questioned why or how it happened, they were just thankful that it did. Since they knew so little about the process, there was a great chance that something might go wrong along the way. In Europe during the middle ages, with the influence that the Catholic Church had on life in those days, there could only be two possible explanations for the phenomena of brewing beer - Divine Intervention or Demonic Intervention.

In general, in the Dark Ages, when people could not explain something it was considered to be the work of the Devil. However, people liked beer. Not only was it tasty and intoxicating, it was also much safer to drink than water was in those days. Nothing resembling sanitation had been invented http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Val-Dieu_Abbey yet and most towns and villages had poisonous, if not toxic, water supplies. People were encouraged to drink beer in lieu of water. St. Arnold actually In 1216 a few monks from Hocht, near earned his sainthood because of this. Beer was good. Fermentation was Maastricht, settled in the uninhabited valley considered a miracle. which was part of the border between the duchy of Limburg and the county of Dalhem; Problem was, sometimes a batch of beer would not turn out right. When you they called their settlement Vallis Dei (French: don't understand the fermentation process, the possibility of something Val-Dieu; English: Valley of God). going wrong is very high. In the minds of our medieval progenitors, a bad The abbey's original church was destroyed in batch of beer meant the devil got is dirty hands into the brew kettle and 1287 during the war of succession involving interfered with God's miracle. the duchy of Limburg. The church was rebuilt There were several practices employed to control or avoid the intervention and destroyed again in 1574 during the Eighty of the devil. The posting of Christian icons in the brew house was (and still Years' War, and in 1683 by the armies of is) a common practice. Even today, in most Belgian brew houses you can Louis XIV. Under the jurisdiction of abbot find a crucifix or a statue of a Saint. Other symbols used were the six- Jean Dubois, from 1711 until 1749, the abbey pointed star or the sign of Solomon. Another common practice of the old enjoyed its most flourishing period. It was brewers was to stick to certain rituals, like reciting ritual phrases at certain dissolved during the French Revolution, when specific moments, or to try to do everything exactly the same way. the church was destroyed for the fourth time. The remaining buildings were left empty until The most certain way to avoid demonic interference in the brewing process 1844, when they were resettled by the last was to have the local priest preside over the brewing. Of course, a priest's living monk of Val-Dieu from the time before time was very valuable in those days. There were lots of demons running the Revolution together with four monks from around the countryside, towns and villages meddling with the lives of Bornem Abbey. peasants and nobles alike. So, the priest had to be paid. Normal The abbey was closed again in 2001, when the compensation for a priest was four pints of beer per blessing. The blessing last three monks left. Since 1 January 2002 a of the beer was a service known as "The Right of Signage." Some priests small lay community has lived there, under the were a bit crooked and began blackmailing breweries, demanding greater leadership of rector Jean-Pierre Schenkelaars, payment for their service. To control these excesses, local rulers created overseen by the regional ecclesiastical laws that defined how much would be paid to priests for their blessing. To authorities, in association with the Cistercian keep the clergy happy, they also created rules that required that breweries Order. have this blessing for every batch of beer they produced. This was an early and effective form of taxation. The law created and enforced by the ruler insured that the Church would continue to support that leader's divine right to rule.

Not long after the laws were created requiring payment to the Church for each batch of beer, the Church decided that it really wasn't necessary for a priest to be present at the time of brewing. As long as payments were made on time, the church would bless the brewery from afar. It was now a tax and not a ritual, a fee and not a rite, a levy and not service.

When the French Revolution spread through Europe at the end of the 18th century, and Europe finally started to truly revolt against such ancient ways of thinking, this practice of local priests getting paid a compensation for each batch of beer halted. The blessing of the brew kettles was soon replaced by the placing of candles before the statue of a Saint, or by the posting of a crucifix in the brew-house. In the 19th century, science made such progress that the brewing process and the function of the yeast was fully understood. From then on, the priest had to pay for his beer. Unless, of course, he was a monk and was living in a Belgian beer-brewing Abbey.

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Researching Online: Internet Links of Interest

Visit the following site for a boon of information: http://geneaknowhow.net/digi/antw-ei.html I am limiting the content below to the city of Antwerp. Many more localities are listed, just check the above link. Province Antwerpen - internet Index of notarial documents 1626...1907 - just started, exact content unknown; with for example notaries from Antwerpen, Berchem, Brecht, Herentals, Hoogstraten, Kapellen, Lille, Merksplas and Zandhoven; go to 'Uitgebreid zoeken' (top of the form) and choose under 'Project' in the pull down menu for 'Notarisakten Antwerpen' Provincial political offices 1830-2006 Index participants world's fair 1885 City Antwerpen - church books: - Antwerpen, index cath death (Sint- Walburgis parish) 1777-1796 [PDF] The Great Market place, Antwerp, By Manfreeed Antwerpen - register of population: - Antwerpen, index register of http://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bestand:Gildehuizen_Antwerpen.j population 1800-1815 pg Antwerpen - ecclesiastical: - Antwerpen, résumés cloisters of the Capuchins ('Kapucienen') and Minims ('Miniemen') 1435...1698 [PDF] concerning pages 61-92 (KK#630-KK#814) Antwerpen - non-ecclesiastical: o list of résumés privilege-chamber 1193-1730 [PDF] o charters and 'autografen' 1220-1832 [PDF] o city secretaries 1302-1798 [PDF] o newly admitted citizens ('poorters') 1390-1443 [PDF] found in 'Geberderde Daechseelboecken en de Vierschaarboeken' o mayors 1409-nowadays [PDF] o indices registers of aldermen 1446-1449, 1447-1448, 1453-1454 and 1454 [MDB] o index persons related to street-cellars 15th-16th century sometime with additional information o index statements and examinations Higher Court of Justice ('Hogere Vierschaar') 1528-1700 [PDF] go to: pp58-78 o register of the loan 1574 o index files in the archives of the orphans' court 16th-18th century [PDF] including criminal files o index insolvent estates 16th-19th century [PDF] o record extracts of the notaries Cornelis Ignatius Lamberechts 1684-1687 and Carolus Cattaneo 1717-1769 [PDF] o index various files on the minor cause-list of the governmentofficial 'Amptman' 1729-1794 [PDF] go to: pages 79-84 o (district), index building files 1802-1830 [PDF] o index atlas roads ('buurtwegen') outside the city (district 5; 'extra muros') 1844; o (district), building permits 1826-1983 and environmental permits 1878-1966 o enlistment registers with the years of birth 1780-1789 for the civil guard 1830 o civil guard 1830, 2nd district o shop signs 1831-1845 o people in police reports 2nd district 1835-1861 o address-book 1838 o index insane people 1837-1896 o images index files on foreigners 1840-1930 o address-book 1877-1878 o index coachmen and taxi-drivers 1878-1921 o dance clubs 1887, 1900 o hackney-carriages 1890 o index vagabonds and beggars 1892-1893 o warrant hackney-carriages 1895 o hackney-carriages 1896, 1897, 1898, 1899, 1900, 1902, 1906 o index feeble-minded persons 19th century o index persons involved with the 'illegal press' 1940-1944 o evacuated children at school in Ingooigem 1944-1945 o (city), index taverns, cabarets, hotels, pubic houses and variants 1853

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Belgian Glassworkers and the Founding of South Charleston 1907-1928 http://thegazz.com/gblogs/wvfilm/2009/08/14/belgian-glassworkers- and-the-founding-of-south-charleston-1907-1928/ Published by the Charleston Gazette, 14 Aug 2009 submitted to TBR by Rochelle Hughes

The South Charleston Museum has been working for decades to create an exhibit about the Belgian glassworkers who came to West Virginia in 1907 to build two glass plants. They commissioned Stan Bumgardner to design the exhibit for the new Interpretative Center, next door to The La Belle Theater. The exhibit will finally open on September 12th, Saturday, at 5 PM. The Mound Festival will be going on at the same time. Below is a statement written by Mr. Bumgardner. The South Charleton Museum Foundation Board hopes that the many people of Belgian descent from around the state and everyone interested in local history will attend the opening along with the Belgian travelogue and presentation after the opening.

Sara Busse, a resident of South Charleston, will be writing an article for the Charleston Sunday Gazette- Mail about the exhibit. She will be interviewing exhibit designer Stan Bumgardner, Belgian descendent Peggy One of the last Belgian Poster for the new exhibit, the only one of its kind in the world Thompson and SCMF board houses left standing in South The South Charleston Museum proudly presents a new member, and Dr. Fred Charleston exhibition: Belgian Glassworkers and the Founding of South Barkey, SCMF board Charleston 1907-28 at The South Charleston Interpretive member and author of a book on the South Charleston Belgian Center313 D Street (next to the historic LaBelle Theatre building) The Belgian glassworker display, sponsored by the glassworkers, “Cinderheads in the Hills - the Belgian glass South Charleston Museum, is on exhibit at the South Charleston workers of South Charleston. ”

Interpretive Center. The center is located at 313 D Street next to The South Charleston Museum has been promoting Belgian the LaBelle Theatre building. The center is open to the public culture for more than a decade, sponsoring presentations on 10-5 Mondays-Fridays and 11-4 Saturdays; telephone: 304-720- 9847; e-mail: [email protected] their history, tours of Belgian homes and their cemetery, and holding Belgian festivals that included food, personal presentations on trip to Belgium, films, and last year, a ceremony honoring the many Belgian descendents.

Statement written by Stan Bumgardner - The South Charleston Museum Board invites the public to the grand opening of its new exhibit: Belgian Glassworkers and the Founding of South Charleston: 1907-28. A special ribbon-cutting ceremony will be held at the South Charleston Interpretive Center on September 12 from 5-6 p.m. A film about Belgium will be shown at the historic LaBelle Theatre at 3 p.m, and a short program at the LaBelle will follow the ribbon-cutting ceremony. This program will feature brief talks by Dr. Fred Barkey, who has spent decades researching the Belgian glassworkers; Stan Bumgardner, who developed the exhibit; and Peggy Collard Thompson, the granddaughter of two of the original Belgian settlers.

Belgian Glassworkers and the Founding of South Charleston: 1907-28 depicts the re-created interior of the Banner Window Glass factory, the entrance to which once stood on the site of the present-day Rite Aid across from the mound. The displays bring to life the story of the Belgian immigrants who moved from Indiana to South Charleston in 1907 to make flat glass. The exhibit incorporates Bench in honor of two Belgian theatrical lighting and audio to explain the time-honored tradition of handmade descendents located around the mound glassmaking, which the Belgians handed down from generation to generation. in downtown South Charleston The Banner plant and another South Charleston factory, Dunkirk, closed after the arrival in Kanawha City of Libbey-Owens (later Libbey-Owens-Ford), which produced machine-made flat glass. However, many of the Belgians remained in South Charleston, and some of their descendants still live in the Kanawha Valley today. This exhibit pays tribute to the lasting legacies of these Belgians, who helped found the city of South Charleston. 102

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Ackermann, Alfonsep94 Brasckmans, Henry p81 Corbeau, John p90 Debarbieri (or Debastine?), Ackermann, Edwardp94 Brika, Armand p95 Corbeau, Mamie p90 Emile p80 Ackermann, Hortanse p94 Brika, Armand** p99 Corbeau, Mary p90 Debeille, Mary p99 Ackermann, Hubert p94 Brika, Therese p99 Cordelier, Marie Catherinep85 Decktz p81 Ackermann, Joseph p94 Brika, Therese p99 Coyens, John p79 Decline, James p78 Ackermann, Sidoniep94 Bringmans, Constantp89 Craeymeersch, Dorothyp93 Decook, Fanny p89 Aerssen, Godelieve p92 Bringmans, Emily p89 Cramer, John A p77 Decook, Peter p89 Albrecht, F p81 Bringmans, Frank p89 Crenewers, Henri p81 Decook, Theodore p89 Amand, p81 Bringmans, Laura p89 Crockaert Jerome p99 Decook, Wilford J p89 Arents, F p82 Bringmans, Mary p89 Crockaert, Camille p99 Dedocker, Y p81 Argenot, Henry p78 Bruyneel, Celina p99 Crockaert, Cyrille p99 Dedoyard, Jean p99 Argilt, J p81 Buessnan, Thomas p89 Damboise, Gilberte p99 Dedoyard, Jeanne p99 Arys, Jean Frans p99 Buessnen, Ceserine p89 Dandeseux, Peter p99 Deduytsche, Achiel p99 Arys, Marie p99 Buessnen, Verentinep89 Dannerol, Adolph p79 Deduytsche, Bertha p99 Aveen, p81 Bultinck, Paulina p75 Darwin, Adler p94 DeGriek, Julien p92 Barbier, J p81 Bumgardner, Stan p102 Darwin, Camil p94 Dehozt p81 Barkey, Fred p102 Burche, E p81 Darwin, Ephram p94 DeKay, Louis p77 Bechard, Lily(Flynn) p93 Busse, Sara p102 Darwin, Mercie p94 Delbenter, Fr p82 Beets, William p79 Buyse,Jan‐Francies p75 Darwin, Modeste p94 Delborte p82 Beheile, Fred p94 Calaban, Nicolas Josephp99 Dauwe, Sidonie?? p99 Delenil, Gabril p91 Behield, Alfonse p94 Camper, Peter p79 Davis (Daus?), John p79 Delenil, Kattie p91 Behield, Edward p94 Cantoni, Francis p78 Dawer, Florie p90 Deman, August p99 Behield, Marie p94 Caudysker, Alida p99 Dawer, Freddie p90 Deman, Julienne p99 Behield, Mary p94 Cemper, Peter p81 Dawer, Joseph p90 Deman, Livain p99 Behield, Sidonie p94 Chesquiere, Alcis p99 Dawer, Josie p90 Demans, Anna p99 Berg Annie p91 Christensen, Charlesp90 Dawer, Julia p90 Demartelaere, Bernardp99 Berg, Frances p91 Christensen, Julia p90 Dawer, Mary p90 Demeulenaere, Gerardp92 Berg, Frank p91 Christensen, Leonorap90 De Boeck, Emeric p99 Demeulenaere, Margarethap92 Berg, William p91 Christensen, Peter p90 De Boeck, Paulette p99 Demey, Louis p99 Berg, Wm F p91 Christensen, Peter p90 De Clerck, August p99 DeMeyer, Antoine p79 Berger, Louis p81 Claeys, Albert p99 De Clerck, Romanie p99 DeMeyers, Antoine p81 Billiet, Henri p75 Classens, Christine p92 De Cruydt, Julia p99 Denis, Arthur p99 Bimerman, Aug p81 Classens, Mathieu p92 De Cruydt, Maria p99 Deom, Hyacinthe p77 Block, Cornelius p79 Clays, Katherine p90 De Decker, Appolonia p75 Depater, Charles Jr. p83 Blockhuys, Louis p82 Clays, Leonard p90 De Decker, Jan‐(Baptist) p75 DePell, Charles p79 Blomme, Frederik p75 Clayton, Celine p99 De Decker, Rosalie p75 Dercume, Raymond p83 Blondell, Joseph M p91 Cleen, John T p78 De Deyne, Marie p99 Deremians, Henri‐Edmondp99 Boboy, Thomas p79 Cleenerwerck, Desirep80 De Greif, Remer p99 Deremiens, Henri p99 Boboy, Thomas p81 Clement, Edward A p81 De Magnee, Albert p99 DerHeyden, p81 Bogart, Emma p89 Clerbois, Arthur p99 De Magnee, Georgep99 Derson, Joseph Thomas p83 Bogart, Frank p89 Clerbois, Christiane p99 De Magnee, Lydie p99 Desarant, Frank p83 Bogart, Mary p89 Clerbois, George p99 De Magnee, Mary p99 Deschamps, Alphonse p99 Bogart, Octave p89 Clerbois, Mrs. A p99 De Meester, Emma p75 Deschamps, Elvire p99 Bonboire, Elie p99 Close, Adolphine p99 De Meester, Renatus p75 Deschamps, Georges p99 Bonboire, Henriette p99 Close, Antoinette p99 De Meester, Virginie p75 Deschamps, Marie p99 Bonboire, Mathieu p99 Close, Hubert p99 De Pril, Hugo inside cover Deschamps, Marthe p99 Bonboire, Nicolas p99 Close, Nicolas p99 De Ridder, Rev. P p99 DeSchutter, Clementine p99 Borle, Alice p99 Closset, Jean p99 De Schutter, Camillep99 DeSimony, John W p81 Borrenberg, G p81 Cnülen, Antoon p81 De Schutter, Elodie p99 Desmet, Evarist p83 Bosseret, Charles p99 Collin, Henry p79 De Schutter, Oscar p99 Desmitt, Ashley p83 Bosseret, Pauline p99 Colombin, Poline p99 De Schutter, Raymontp99 Desmitt, Emanuel p83 Bottelin, H p82 Comhaire, Jean p99 De Schutter, Rene p99 Desmitt, Zeno p83 Braeckmans, Henry p79 Conde, Florent Josephp85 De Schutter, Stephaniep99 Desser, Jess p83 Braem, Emma p91 Conde, Gabriel p85 De Schutter, Urbainp99 Dethiere, Dieudonne p85 Branetz, A p81 Conde, Julia p85 De Vreese, Clementina p75 Dethiere, Fernand Camil p85 Brangers, Elisabeth p99 Conde, Louis p85 De Vreese, Clementine p75 Dethiere, Fernand Gustave p85 Brangers, Francois p99 Coninck, Henry p79 De Vreese, Ida‐Albertina p75 Dethiere, Fernande p85 Brangers, Irma p99 Cools, Charles p77 De Vuyst, Gustave p99 Dethiere, Francois Joseph p85 Brangers, Maurice p99 Coppe, Ferdinand p99 Dean, J p81 Dethiere, Jean Arthur p85 Brangers, Palmyre p99 Coppens p81 Debaer, Frank p99 Dethiere, Rosa or Louisa p85 103

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Dethiere, Victor p85 Durieux, Rene Joseph p83 Gerstle, Gary p96 Hassewer, Josephinep90 Dethiers, Amone E p83 Duthie, Emile P J p83 Ghislain, Hilaire Adrien p84 Hassewer, Lucy p90 Detrick, John B p83 Dutilleul, Clement p83 Gilian, Paul p94 Hassewer, Rudolph p90 Dettor, Joseph p94 Dutre, Alexander p83 Gillan, Frank Cloddeo p84 Hautisse, Louis p84 Dettor, Matilda p94 Ebeling, John p83 Gille, Joseph p84 Hayet, Euphrasie p85 Devalkeneer, Camille p83 Eiseschmied, Louis p76 Gillet, Emil Henri p84 Heene, Milaine p99 Devalkeneer, Victor p83 Ellis, Thomas p78 Gillet, Jules p99 Heir, J p81 Devallee, Simon p79 Esken, John C p79 Gillett, Leo p84 Helfenok, I, p81 Devroye, Ernest Godfrois p83 Esmanne, Therese p85 Gip, Ch p81 Hembert, Adolph p81 Devroye, Octave p83 Etienne, Augustin Alfr Leon p83 Girard, Gustave p84 Hencke, Joseph Dominick p76 Dewell, Charles p83 Etienne, Ernest p83 Glaude, Leo p89 Henrion, Jeanne p99 D'Haene, Charles p99 Falise, Lawrence p83 Glaude, Leopold p89 Henrotin, John Frank Isador p84 Dhondt, Eugene H p77 Famiscevy, W p81 Glaude, Pauline p89 Henry, John N p78 Dhooghe, Augusta p89 Fammeree, Julius p90 Glaude, Victor p89 Hensenne, Rene Christian p84 Dhooghe, Charles‐Louis p75 Faranst, Headman p89 Godfrey, F J p90 Hepworth, Albert p84 Dhooghe, Erma p89 Fassotte, Charles p99 Godfrey, Fola p90 Hersey, Jean p81 D'Hooghe, Florent p99 Faurie, Adolf p83 Godfrey, Frank p90 Heyen ?, Charles p91 D'Hooghe, Florentia p99 Feems, Cornelius p83 Godfrey, George p90 Heyen, Alfred p91 Dhooghe, Frank p89 Felot, Felicien p83 Godfrey, William p90 Heyen, Frank p91 D'Hooghe, Marie p99 Fierson, Michael p78 Godfroid, Frederick p84 Heyen, Joseph p91 D'Hooghe, Robert p99 Finet, George p83 Goffaux, Jules p84 Heyen, Lena p91 Dickson, Mary p93 Finney, Alexander p83 Goffert, Frank p84 Heyen, Mary p91 Dirligue, Raymon Desire Leon Finney, Joseph p83 Gossaux, Jules Adamire p84 Heyen, Matilda p91 p83 Flament, Gustave p83 Gossiant, Victor p84 Heyen, Nettie p91 Divreven, A p82 Flavion, Rene Joseph p83 Gouverneur, Ernest Jr.p84 Heywest, C p81 Donates, Frederick p77 Flemol, Eugene Christian p84 Govener, Jules p84 Hicketick, Henri p99 Dosot, Marie Eugenep85 Foidwich, W p81 Grame, William p81 Hicketick, Hortense p99 Doumont, Rene August p83 Folie, Emil p84 Gregoire, Ulysses G Jr.p84 Higuet, Herman p84 Dourlain, Gustav p83 Forrest, Joseph p77 Groat, Alphonse p91 Hill, Herbert G p84 Dowd, Claude H p83 Fouchard, J p81 Groat, Arthur p91 Hoderath, Hubert M p84 Dowd, Thomas F G p83 Fountain, George p84 Groat, Edward p91 Hoeft, Henry p91 Doxrud, George H p83 Fragasse, Philemon p84 Groat, Lena p91 Hoesch, S p81 Draime, Henry J p77 Francke, Jean p81 Grochary, p81 Holsters, H p81 Draime, John p76 Franklin, Marcel A p84 Groix, R p82 Hordis, Robert Victor p84 Draime, John F p77 Frazar, Ludwig p81 Grotta, Adolphe p84 Horner Jus, Joseph p78 Dray, Joseph p83 Frere, Arold Louis p84 Grseyen, Leo p84 Hortert, Eugene p84 Duboer, Raymond Joseph p83 Frere, Emile Jr. p84 Gubshuy, J p81 Hubeaut, Henry p84 Dubois, Gaspard p99 Frere, Ralph p84 Guelff, Henry Richard p84 Huebner, Herrman p90 Dubois, Therese p85 Frison, Marie p99 Guesquiere, Alois p99 Huebner, Mary p90 Dubois, William p79 Frison, Philomene p99 Guetens, Gustav p84 Hunsen, J p81 Ducarme, Archangep99 Fromaiser, Fred p81 Guillemin, Gregoire p99 Huyge, Frank p92 Ducarme, Emile p99 Gallez, Curiaf p84 Guillemin, Marie p99 Huyssens, Susanne p99 Ducarme, Jules p83 Garpollo, Fred p90 Guillemin, Melanie p99 Jacoby, Joseph p81 Ducarme, Maurice p99 Garpollo, Mary p90 Guldentop, p81 Jampens p81 Ducastel, George p83 Gaupin, Louis p84 Gyargum, Albert p84 Jansens, John p90 Ducoeur, Arthur Oscar p83 Gauze, Bertha p94 Gyselinck, Garge A Jr.p84 Jaspers, Gustave p89 Ducoeur, Ferdinand Clement Gauze, Frank p94 Gyselinck, Pierre p84 Jaspers, Joseph p89 p83 Gedert, Anton p91 Halin, Lucien Eugene p84 Jaspers, Lintene M p89 Ducouer, Joseph p83 Geeraert, Bertha?? p99 Hancart, Jules p84 Jaspers, Mary p89 Ducy, Arma p83 Geeraert, Camille??p99 Hanneuse, Jules p84 Jean, W G L p81 Dufays, Mary p99 Gegrave, Victor D E p84 Hans, Edith p88 Jebruger, L p81 Dufour, Adolph p83 George, Arthur Eugene p84 Hans, Edmond R p84 Jockmeyer, J Ch p81 Dufour, Modest p83 George, Joseph p84 Hansott, Camille p84 Johnson, Daniel H p76 Dufour, Theophile Constan p83 Georges, Eugene p84 Hansotte, George F p84 Johnston, Daniel H p77 Dufresne, Harry p83 Gerard, Nicholas p79 Hanus, Francois p81 Joipet, Eugene p99 Dumans, J N p99 Gerard, Nicholas p81 Hardis, Chas Jean p84 Jorneire, Joseph p94 Dumont, Balthazar p85 Gerein, Joseph p84 Hardy, Peter p84 Jubenville, Glenn G p93 Dupienn, George p83 Gerien, Julius Roman p84 Haros, Bernard p94 Jubenville, Stanley p93 Dupont, Rene p83 Gerins, Clement p84 Hassewer, Fannie p90 Julian, Frank p91 Durieux, Alcite Anthony p83 Germaux, Arthur p84 Hassewer, John p90 Julian, Rose p91 104

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Keller, Martha p88 Lusenborg, p81 Papen, Charles p99 Reyniers, Bernard p75 Kesteoot, Ada p91 Maes, Clementine p99 Papen, Jeanne p99 Reyniers, Désire p75 Kesteoot, Bennie p91 Maes, Gustave p99 Papen, Philomene p99 Reyniers, Eduard p75 Kesteoot, Charles P p91 Magerstadt, Edmundp90 Paplimans, Dennis p81 Reyniers, Frederick p75 Kesteoot, Fredick p91 Magerstadt, Fred J p90 Parant, John p79 Reyniers, Hypolitus p75 Kesteoot, Joseph p91 Magerstadt, Harold p90 Paris, Henry J p89 Reyniers, Leon p75 Kesteoot, Leo p91 Magerstadt, Othaliap90 Paris, Hortinse p89 Reyniers, Maria‐Paulina p75 Kesteoot, Mary p91 Man, Charles p76 Paris, Julia p89 Reyniers, Marie‐Clemencep75 Kesteoot, Mehale p91 Marbaise, Elennore p99 Paris, Maggie J p89 Reyniers, Sylvia p75 Kesteoot, Morrie p91 Marbaise, Felicien p99 Paris, Peter J p89 Reyns, Stanislas p94 Kesteoot, Raymond p91 Maret, Marie Josephp85 Paris, Rose M p89 Rickartz, J p81 Kesteoot, Rose p91 Markevs, H p81 Paris, Theresa M p89 Rigaud, Gaston p99 Knepper, Emil A p81 Masquelier, Harry p87 Pennelle, Frank p79 Roegiers, Edward J p80 Kosshoovers, JL p81 Mathys, Auguste p99 Pereys, G H p82 Roelandts, Alexis p99 Lacombe, Joseph C p81 Matteysenvs, p81 Perot, Albert p94 Roeser, Adolphe p99 Lafrue, Anton p89 Meerseman, Cuba p91 Perot, Alfred p94 Roland, John p77 Lafrue, John p89 Meerseman, Eulala p91 Perot, Auguste p94 Roples, Jh p81 Lafrue, Theresa p89 Meerseman, Mary p91 Perot, Emilie p94 Ross, Louis p79 Lam, Jean p99 Meerseman, Paul p91 Perot, Henry p94 Rubant, Honore p99 Lamarteau, Y p81 Metz, Bernard p95 Perot, Joe p94 Rubant, Joseph p99 Lambert, Ed p94 Meynen, Mary p99 Perot, Lea p94 Santens, Francisca p75 Lambert, Jennie p94 Michaux, Augustin p99 Perot, Marcie p94 Schamp, Achille p99 Lambert, Lea p94 Michaux, Louis p99 Perot, Morris p94 Schamp, Albert p99 Lambert, Mary p94 Michels, Jean p81 Petermans, Anna p91 Schaubroeck, Marcel p99 Lambrecht, Karel‐Louis p75 Michiels, Jean Louis p81 Petermans, Christ p91 Schaubroeck, Maurice p99 Landstein, F p81 Mignon, Antoine p96 Petermans, Freda p90 Scheppers, Charles p78 Lannoo, Adriel p99 Mollmay, Charles p90 Petermans, Henry p91 Schlegen, W p82 Lannoo, Charles p99 Monyaertz, JB p81 Petermans, Louise p91 Schmetz, Anna p95 Lannoo, Edmond p99 Morel, Louis p78 Petermans, Matilda p91 Schmetz, Auguste Hubert p95 Lannoo, Emericus, p99 Mortier, Charles p89 Petermans, Peter p91 Schmetz, Jean Pierre Jos Hub Lannoo, Godelieve p99 Mortier, Emma p89 Petermans, Regina p91 p95 Lannoo, Julia p99 Mottie, Jules p99 Petermans, William p90 Schmetz, Joseph p95 Lannoo, Maurice p99 Mottier, Emelia p89 Petermans, William p91 Schmetz, Joseph p99 Laplume, Jean D p97 Moulinard, A p81 Petit, F p81 Schmetz, Joseph p99 Laplume, Marie Theresep95 Mouton, Louis p99 Petteysen, J B p81 Schmetz, Joseph D p97 Laroye, George p99 Muller, J p81 Philip, J p81 Schmetz, Marie p99 Ledevene, Lignat de Guild Murerldley, I p81 Phwartz, R p81 Schmetz, Michel Adamp95 Brussels p81 Musin, Ferdinand p99 Pierle, John p78 Schmetz, Therese p95 Lefevre, Jean Baptistep85 Nagels, Rene p99 Pirard, John Jr. p90 Schmetz, Therese p97 Lefevre, Palmire p85 Newbaker, Barbara p90 Pirard, Eugene p90 Schmetz, Therese p99 Legein, Remi p99 Nicolas, Frank p94 Pirard, Ida p90 Schmitz, Joseph p96 Lejough p81 Nicolas, Nicolas p99 Pirard, John p90 Schmitz, Joseph D p96 Lemer, Alfred p91 Niessen, Gertrude Guill. p95 Platz, B p81 Schmitz, Marie p96 Lemer, Bernard p91 Nieuwland, Jan‐Baptistep75 Plouquet, Joseph p99 Schumacher, Nicolas p77 Lemer, Clarance p91 Nieuwland, Julius p75 Poplemons, Dennis p79 Schumacker, Doda ?p90 Lemer, Harry p91 Nigaux, Gaston p99 Pourpiy, P p81 Schumacker, Emily p90 Lemer, Liza p91 Nochem p81 Preudhomme, Henri p99 Schumacker, Ida p90 Lemmens, L p81 Noel, Charles p99 Preudhomme, Henri p99 Schumacker, J N p90 Lerminiaux, Florentine Noel, Leon p99 Preudhomme, Jeanne p99 Schumacker, Kittie p90 Ghislaine p85 Noirsain, Edmond p79 Proisy, Genevieve Amelie p99 Schumacker, Mary p90 Lerminiaux, Francois Jos p85 Norman, Ambine? p94 Pulver, Mary p88 Sckauve, p81 Lerminiaux, Remy Jos Ghis p85 Norman, Andrew p94 Purager, F L p81 Seghers, Jean B p78 Lerute, Charles p99 Norman, Ed p94 Puyssene, Frans p99 Seimortier, Hyppolyte p75 Lesaffre, Armand p81 Norman, Margaret p94 Rapsat, Pierre p98 Sergeant, Louis p75 Lessier, Jean p99 Norman, Martha p94 Raymaker, Athanasia p91 Selvais, Jules p99 Leuchter, Guillaumep99 Norman, Mary p94 Raymaker, John p91 Selvais, Mathilde p99 Leuchter, Nicolas p99 Olikier (Olivier), Emiliep99 Rebout, G p81 Seys, Adronie p99 Liznat de fruc, Joseph p81 Orban, August p94 Regnier, Mary p99 Seys, Julius p99 Locin, N p81 Orban, Gustave p94 Reyniers, Arthur‐Augustp75 Seys, Sarah p99 Lookens, L p81 Orban, Josephine p94 Reyniers, August p75 Shemver p81 105

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Simons, Mary p90 Van Santen, Pierre p99 Verstraete, Louis p99 Walderman, p81 Simons, Peter E p90 Van Tilborgh, Pauline p99 Vertongen, Cyrille p99 Warnotte, Mathilde p99 Siva, Josephine p99 Van Vooren, Victoria p75 Vertongen, Gustave p99 Weber, Stephen p77 Smit, Henry p79 VanDaele, Adiel p91 Vertonoen, Joseph p99 Weipher, Martin p81 Smorgans, Louise p99 Vandaele, Irma p91 Vesencamp, Elsie p88 Wilcox, Elizabeth p88 Sneader, Frederick p77 VanDaele, Irma p91 Viane, Charles p90 Willemens, H p82 Soenen, Jeanne p99 VanDale, Leopold p91 Vivinier, Ch p81 Willems, John Edward p79 Soenen, Simone p99 VanDam Andre p93 Voet, Elisa p99 Williams, John E p81 Sohierffer, S I H p81 VanDam, Imelda p93 Voet, Maria p99 Willibrod, Franc p76 Spitz, Larry p97 VanDam, Leona p93 Voet, Rachel p99 Williman, Henry p78 Staff, Fernand p99 Vandenbroek, M Josephine p93 Von Pickerson, Gerard p79 Williman, Leopold p78 Staff, Philomena p99 Vandepoele Huyge, Mariep92 Von Pickren, Gerard p78 Wilquet, Michel p81 Staff, Robert p99 Vanderbergt, C p81 Vonkriegen, Mary p91 Winklemurth, L p81 Staff, Roger p99 Vandercoilden, Eugenep97 Vraner, Theophile p81 Winzieen, Theo p82 Stall, Austin George p92 Vanderdonck, Joe p99 Vrydaegts, Evariste p99 Wiseler, Johan p79 Stall, Mary Augusta p92 Vanderdonck, Joseph p99 Wagner, Edward F p81 Witsel, Madeleine p99 Stevens, Paul p79 Vanderdonck, Polydore p99 Wagner, Jean P p80 Youghbluth, Peter p78 Storm, Francis p77 Vanderheyden, G p81 Wagner, Jean P p81 Zerysmaiz p81 Taelmans, Jeanne p99 Vandermeersch, B p81 Wagner, Joseph A p80 Zuaner, J p81 Taelmans, Jules p99 Vanderstocht, p81 Two Awards for St-Feuillien Tavignot, Charles p99 Vandevelde, Seraphien p75 Tavignot, Marcel p99 Vanderveldt, Louis p99 On July 31st, the World Beer Awards 2009 held in London Tavignot, Maria p99 Vanderveldt, Margaret p99 honored 2 beers made by the St-Feuillien brewery. Tenaert, Levere p80 Vanderveldt, Maria p99 The first and most Theiss, Peter p81 Vanderverdebn, F p81 prestigious award – this Thonus, Adele p99 VanGiertrinj, Emilie p89 Season’s BEST in the world Thonus, Leon p99 VanGiertrinj, Frank p89 – went to La Saison by St- Feuillien. This beer had Thonus, Louis p99 VanGiertrinj, Josphine p89 been made with the intent to Till, Peter p78 VanGiertrinj, Lena p89 first target the American Timmerman, Josephp99 Vangiertrinj, Louie p89 market. As explained by Troy, August p88 VanGiertrinj, Rosie p89 Dominique Friart, brewery Troy, Robert p86 Vannill, Adolph p89 administrator, “Americans Troy, Rose p88 Vannill, Annie p89 love beer. Belgian beer has Troy, William p88 Vannill, Charles p89 a good reputation and is Vamens, Therese p97 Vannill, Forence p89 appreciated”. Van Aelst, Cyrille p99 Vannill, Louise p89 For the occasion of Uncle Barrack’s visit to Belgium, the brewers Van Bommel, John P p93 Vannill, Martha p89 realized there was room left for a seasoned and traditional beer. Van Dambrugge, Marie p99 Vannill, Mary p89 And so they got to work. La Saison originates in the brewery-farms Van de Voorde, Augustp75 VanRees, Jos. p90 of Southern Belgium, especially in the Hainaut. In the old days, this Van de Voorde, Joseph p75 Vanrees, Melanie p90 refreshing beer – with a low alcohol content – quenched the thirst of Van de Walle, Marie‐Emiliep75 Vanrees, William p90 the seasonal workers. Van Haverbeck, Jean p99 Vanronslé, Charles p75 At the St-Feuillien Brewery, La Saison is a warm golden blonde Van Hee, Isidore p75 Vanthuyne, Julian p81 high fermentation beer - a true classic – born in March 2009 to Van Hend, p81 Vanzandt, Charles p90 please the American publlic. It was launched in New York on April Van Hoecke, Philomena p75 Vanzandt, Emma p90 11th, and was greeted with great enthusiasm in the US. Other Van Holsbeke, Leanderp75 Vanzandt, Louis p90 countries yet have to discover it. Van Huffel, Emile p75 VanZevone, Chas p89 La Saison St-Feuillien is an unfiltered beer, with 6.5% alcohol Van Huffel, Isidore p75 VanZevone, Emil p89 content and is available in75cl bottles and 20L kegsl. Van Huffel, Leon p75 VanZevone, Emma p89 While La Saison won a gold medal, the Saint Feuillien triple, won a Van Huffel, Octavie‐Mariep75 VanZevone, Florence p89 silver among the Abbey beers. These are welcomed rewards when we consider the brewers’ more Van Huffel, Petrus p75 VanZevone, George p89 than 3 million Euro investment as well as their hope to export 25% Van Huffel, Petrus p75 Venschueren, Ant p81 of their beer to help recuperate this expense. Van Huffel, Prudence p75 Verdies, Ch p81 Info: Brasserie St-Feuillien Van Huffel, Seraphine p75 Verest, Alfred p89 rue d'Houdeng 20 - 7070 Le Rœulx Van Necke, Virginie p75 Verest, Jennie p90 Van Ooteghem, Julien‐Cars p75 Verest, Lillian p90 Tél. 064 31 18 18 Van Ooteghem, Polydoor p75 Verest, Mary p89 Fax 064 31 18 19 Van Ooteghem, Zulma p75 Verest, Raymond p90 [email protected] van Overbeck, H p81 Verschueren, Ans p81 www.st-feuillien.com Van Rompay, Cyrille p99 Verstraete, Aleda p99 106