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Flooding in an LEDC – Bangladesh Floods 2004 Effects • 750 Deaths • 30Million People Were Homeless

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Flooding in an LEDC – Bangladesh Floods 2004 Effects • 750 Deaths • 30Million People Were Homeless Flooding in an LEDC – Bangladesh floods 2004 Effects • 750 deaths • 30million people were homeless. Causes • 100,000 people alone in Dhaka suffered from Physical diarrhoea from the flood waters. • Tropical monsoon-type climate, a hot and rainy summer and a • Bridges were destroyed and the airport and dry winter. Most places receive more than 1,525 mm of rain major roads were flooded. This hampered a year, and areas near the hills receive 5,080 mm. Most relief efforts. rains occur during the monsoon June-September. • Damage to schools and hospitals was estimated • Average rainfall was 300 mm per day during the monsoon. at $7billion. • Himalayan snow melt and receding glaciers meant that • Rural areas also suffered, the rice crop was excessive volume of water had reached the Ganges, devastated as were important cash crops such Brahmaputra and Meghna rivers. as jute and sugar. • Soil saturation from rainfall meant that there was a lot of • At the time of the July 2004 floods 40% of surface run-off. the capital, Dhaka was under water. • In late-June 2004, heavy monsoon rains swelled the waters of the Meghna River, which reached its peak level in early- Management and aid Location July. The other rivers burst their banks in early-July, due Food supplies, medicines, clothing and blankets Bangladesh is a low lying to heavy rains in the north of the country, causing flash were distributed. country that is incredibly floods in the north and the west-central districts. Local people began to rebuild their homes but vulnerable to flooding. • Most of Bangladesh is below 10 metres above sea level. This disease from contaminated and often stagnant It has 3 major rivers means that the country is prone to a lot of flooding because flood water remained a threat. flowing through it (the of the height and also the annual monsoon rains. The United Nations launched an appeal to raise Ganges, Brahmaputra and Human $74million, but had received only 20% of this by Meghna) and is • Increased urbanisation has meant more concrete and drains September. vulnerable to carry water very quickly to river channels which then burst. Water Aid helped by bringing water purification coastal/river flooding as • A dam at Tsatitsu Lake in the Himalayan kingdom of Bhutan tablets and education campaigns. it is so low lying and flat. had burst, spilling water into tributaries of the Brahmaputra In the long term a Flood Action Plan is in place in The 2004 floods lasted causing more water to reach the lowlands and flood. Bangladesh, but the embankments which are from July to September • Deforestation has meant that many that rainwater is not supposed to protect against flooding have not and covered 50% of the intercepted by the trees roots and leaves therefore soils always been successful. Flood warnings and country at their peak. are not held in place causing more surface run-off. provision of food and shelter has had a more positive impact Location Boscastle, Cornwall 16th August 2004 - MEDC Flood Boscastle is a small rural village, it is a popular tourist Effects destination on the coast in North Cornwall, S.W Physical - Trees were uprooted and washed downstream blocking roads making access difficult. England. It is approx. 80 miles from Plymouth. There Heavy soil erosion due to soil saturation. 20 tonnes of soil moved and deposited making the area is a confluence within the village between River dirty. It needed cleaning up. Valency and River Jordan. Built These rivers Damage to infrastructure some roads were completely impassable so people could not get food source from shopping or collect sandbags. the Hills of 58 properties destroyed so many people became homeless and had to stay with friends/family. Bodmin Moor. 84 cars wrecked meaning so people lost their ability to evacuate or move valuable personal property form being flooded. 4 footbridges washed away and major structural damage to road bridge so people found it hard to access their houses or businesses. 3 shops were destroyed so people have lost their income and livelihood. Car parks washed away meaning cars were turned upside down or permanently damaged. Physical causes Sewers burst meaning that the streets started to smell and the threat of disease from human Stormy weather before the flood, caused saturated excretion. ground causing surface run-off, reducing the lag Human time. 60 people evacuated In the hours before the flood; there was heavy rain Insurance companies had to pay out thousands for the damage 75mm in 2 hrs. "Witchcraft Museum" was destroyed and led to loss of tourism Confluence of 2 rivers, the Jordan runs into the Valency, both overflowed causing a sudden rush of Immediate responses/Management water, through the valley. Helicopters from the RAF and Navy were used to evacuate the elderly and young. The rock is granite, which is impermeable so water Buildings searched for people trapped by the fire service and mountain rescue. cannot infiltrate and so it is transported to the Trees removed to gain access to some building and businesses. river by surface run-off. Roads cleared so that emergency vehicles could reach Boscastle. Steep V shaped valley – runoff occurs. Sandbags put in place to stop the rising river level from bursting. Human causes Long Term Responses/ Management Boscastle was built on a flood plain, increasing the £4.5 million flood defence scheme put in place with a deeper and wider river channel so that more risk of flooding. volume of water can be transported. Bridges caused debris swept along by the river to Drainage systems improved to make sure that water reaches the channel more efficiently. become trapped behind the bridge acting like dams. Banks of river reinforced with higher walls to protect Boscastle from further high river levels Car parks raised and impermeable surfaces used. Spits- Spurn Head, Holderness coast. Depositional Features spits, bars and beaches. Beaches Spurn Head is at the south of the All beaches are formed through the process of longshore drift but also Holderness coast. It is a sand and shingle Spurn Head SSSI spit 5.5km long, reaching across the mouth through constructive waves. Spurn head is a Site Special Scientific Interest SSSI. It of the River Humber. Spurn Head is made Constructive waves have a strong swash has many important birds and plants. For example the rare up of the material which has been but weaker backwash meaning that sand birds such as merlin and peregrine (hunting birds) and the transported along the Holderness Coast by and pebbles are deposited. Storms often waders such as Shelduck and Brent geese. Lavender sea longshore drift. This includes sand, throw pebbles up the beach. Cliffs also aster and sea rocket are flowering plants that are at risk. sediment and shingle. provide eroded material for the beach as Spits are created by deposition. A spit is they may erode and cliffs collapse Bars - Slapton Ley, South through processes of slipping or an extended stretch of beach material Marine Life in the that projects out to sea and is joined to Devon, Southwest slumping. lake the mainland at one end. England. Beaches change daily depending on tides The National Nature It is the largest natural and wind speed which contribute to wave freshwater lake/lagoon in Reserve at Slapton Ley movement. South West England. (the lake/lagoon behind It is 1.5 miles long and is the bar) is home to the made up of two parts (the Eel. Lower Ley and the Higher During the autumn Eels Ley). start to migrate back to The site is a National Nature the sea to breed. Reserve and a Site of Special Scientific Interest. 1. Longshore drift moves material along the It was formed over 3,000 coastline. years ago when this shingle 2. A spit forms when the material is ridge or bar created a natural deposited. dam across a river estuary. 3. Over time, the spit grows and develops a Formation hook if wind direction changes further out. The Bar has been formed by 4. Waves cannot get past a spit, which the process of longshore creates a sheltered area where silt is drift as thousands of tons of deposited and mud flats or salt marshes sand has been deposited over form. 1,000’s of years. The size and energy of a wave is influenced by: how long the wind has been blowing the strength of the wind how far the wave has travelled (the fetch) Destructive Destroys (takes beach away) Strong backwash Weak swash Constructive Creates (put sand on the beach) Strong swash Weak backwash These processes erode material at the coast and in a river. Corrasion/Abrasion Hydraulic action Eroded rocks rub against the The force of the water channel/thrown breaks rock particles against the cliff away from the river wearing it away. channel/cliff. Corrosion/Solution River/sea dissolves some types of rock such as chalk and limestone. Attrition Coastal erosion is affected by: The point at which the wave breaks Eroded rocks picked Steepness of the wave. up by the river/waves Rock type and structure - (hard rock such as smash into each granite is far more resistant to erosion than soft other. rocks, such as clay). These processes move material at the coast and in a river. Soluble materials Small particles are dissolve in water and carried along by the are carried along. water. Large particles like Pebble sized particles are boulders are pushed bounced along the river along the bottom of bed/sea by the force of the river bed/sea by the water. the force of the water. Erosion Deposition Swash Backwash 1 Prevailing wind Waves approach the beach at a slight angle influenced by the prevailing wind.
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