Craniofacial Identification Edited by Caroline Wilkinson , Christopher Rynn Frontmatter More Information

Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-76862-7 — Craniofacial Identification Edited by Caroline Wilkinson , Christopher Rynn Frontmatter More Information

Craniofacial Identiﬁcation

The promotion of CCTV surveillance and identity cards, along with ever-heightened security at airports, immigration control and institutional access, has seen a dramatic increase in the use of automated and manual recognition. In addition, several recent disasters have highlighted the problems and challenges associated with current disaster victim identification. Discussing the latest advances and key research into identification from the face and skull, this book draws together a wide range of elements relating to craniofacial analysis and identification. It examines all aspects of facial identification, including the determination of facial appearance from the skull, comparison of the skull with the face and the verification of living facial images. With sections covering the identification of the dead and of the living, it provides a valuable review of the current state of play along with the latest research advances in this constantly evolving field.

Caroline Wilkinson is Professor in Craniofacial Identiﬁcation at the Centre for Anatomy and Human Identiﬁcation at the University of Dundee. She is an expert in facial anthropology and author of Forensic Facial Reconstruction (Cambridge University Press, 2004).

Christopher Rynn is a Postdoctoral Researcher at the Centre for Anatomy and Human Identiﬁcation at the University of Dundee. He is an expert in craniofacial approximation/reconstruction and anthropology, and in forensic image enhancement and analysis.

© in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-76862-7 — Craniofacial Identification Edited by Caroline Wilkinson , Christopher Rynn Frontmatter More Information

Craniofacial Identiﬁcation

Edited by Caroline Wilkinson and Christopher Rynn Centre for Anatomy and Human Identiﬁcation University of Dundee

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Cambridge University Press is part of the University of Cambridge. It furthers the University’s mission by disseminating knowledge in the pursuit of education, learning and research at the highest international levels of excellence. www.cambridge.org Information on this title: www.cambridge.org/9780521768627 © Cambridge University Press 2012 This publication is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception and to the provisions of relevant collective licensing agreements, no reproduction of any part may take place without the written permission of Cambridge University Press. First published 2012 A catalogue record for this publication is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication data Craniofacial identification / edited by Caroline Wilkinson and Christopher Rynn. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978 0 521 76862 7 (hardback) 1. Facial reconstruction (Anthropology 2. Face – Identification. 3. Face – Imaging. 4. Biometric identification. I. Wilkinson, Caroline, 1965– II. Rynn, Christopher. II. Title. GN74.C73 2012 599.9´48–dc23 2011034917 ISBN 978-0-521-76862-7 Hardback Cambridge University Press has no responsibility for the persistence or accuracy of URLs for external or third-party internet websites referred to in this publication, and does not guarantee that any content on such websites is, or will remain, accurate or appropriate.

Contents

List of contributors page vi

Part I: Identification of the Living 13. Three-dimensional facial imaging 154 Stephen Richmond, Alexei Zhurov and Arshed 1. Familiar face recognition 1 Toma Vicki Bruce 2. Unfamiliar face recognition 11 Peter J. B. Hancock Part II: Identification of the Dead 3. EFIT-V: Evolutionary algorithms and computer 14. Post-mortem prediction of facial composites 24 appearance 166 Chris Solomon, Stuart Gibson and Matthew Caroline Wilkinson and Amy Tillotson Maylin 15. Manual forensic facial reconstruction 184 4. Facial recall and computer composites 42 Ludo Vermeulen Charlie Frowd 16. Relationships between the skull 5. Facial ageing 57 and face 193 David Hunter, Bernard Tiddeman and David Christopher Rynn, Tatiana Balueva and Elizaveta Perrett Veselovskaya 6. Age progression and regression 68 17. Automated facial reconstruction 203 Joe Mullins Dirk Vandermeulen, Peter Claes, Sven De Greef, Guy Willems, John Clement and Paul Suetens 7. Computer-assisted age progression 76 Stuart Gibson 18. Computer-generated facial depiction 222 Gregory Mahoney and Caroline Wilkinson 8. Facial recognition from identification parades 86 19. Craniofacial superimposition 238 Catriona Havard and Amina Memon Mineo Yoshino 9. Virtual human identification line-ups 101 20. Juvenile facial reconstruction 254 Kathryn Y. Segovia, Jeremy N. Bailenson and Caroline Wilkinson Carrie Leonetti 10. Computer-generated face models 115 Bernard Tiddeman Index 261 11. Recognising and learning faces in motion 125 The colour plates are to be found between pages Karen Lander and Natalie Butcher 88 and 89. 12. Facial image comparison 136 Josh P. Davis, Tim Valentine and Caroline Wilkinson

Contributors

Jeremy N. Bailenson Peter J. B. Hancock Virtual Human Interaction Lab Department of Psychology Stanford University University of Stirling Tatiana Balueva Catriona Havard Russian Academy of Science School of Psychology University of Aberdeen Vicki Bruce School of Psychology David Hunter Newcastle University School of Psychology University of St Andrews Natalie Butcher School of Social Sciences and Law Karen Lander Teesside University School of Psychological Sciences University of Manchester Peter Claes Centre for Processing Speech and Images Carrie Leonetti ESAT–PSI Future Health Department – IBBT Gregory Mahoney Katholieke Universiteit, Leuven Matthew Maylin John Clement School of Physical Sciences & Visionmetric Ltd Dental School University of Kent, Canterbury University of Melbourne Amina Memon Josh P. Davis Royal Holloway University of London Department of Psychology and Counselling Joe Mullins University of Greenwich Forensic artist Sven De Greef David Perrett Forensic Odontology School of Psychology Department Oral Health Services University of St Andrews Katholieke Universiteit, Leuven Stephen Richmond Charlie Frowd Dental School University of Central Lancashire Cardiff University Stuart Gibson Christopher Rynn School of Physical Sciences & Visionmetric Ltd Centre for Anatomy & Human Identiﬁcation, CLS University of Kent, Canterbury University of Dundee

List of contributors

Kathryn Y. Segovia Dirk Vandermeulen Virtual Human Interaction Laboratory Centre for Processing Speech and Images Stanford University ESAT–PSI Future Health Department – IBBT Chris Solomon Katholieke Universiteit, Leuven School of Physical Sciences & Visionmetric Ltd University of Kent, Canterbury Ludo Vermeulen Forensic artist Paul Suetens Centre for Processing Speech and Images Elizaveta Veselovskaya ESAT–PSI Russian Academy of Science Future Health Department – IBBT Katholieke Universiteit, Leuven Caroline Wilkinson Centre for Anatomy & Human Identiﬁcation, CLS Bernard Tiddeman University of Dundee Department of Computer Science Guy Willems Aberystwyth University Forensic Odontology Amy Tillotson Department Oral Health Services Centre for Anatomy and Human Identiﬁcation Katholieke Universiteit, Leuven University of Dundee Mineo Yoshino Arshed Toma National Research Institute of Police Science Dental School Chiba, Japan Cardiff University Alexei Zhurov Tim Valentine Dental School Department of Psychology Cardiff University Goldsmiths, University of London

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