DOCSLIB.ORG

UC Riverside UC Riverside Previously Published Works

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
UC Riverside UC Riverside Previously Published Works UC Riverside UC Riverside Previously Published Works Title Phylogenetic and transcriptomic analysis of chemosensory receptors in a pair of divergent ant species reveals sex-specific signatures of odor coding. Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0hs9j5h6 Journal PLoS genetics, 8(8) ISSN 1553-7390 Authors Zhou, Xiaofan Slone, Jesse D Rokas, Antonis et al. Publication Date 2012 DOI 10.1371/journal.pgen.1002930 Peer reviewed eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California Phylogenetic and Transcriptomic Analysis of Chemosensory Receptors in a Pair of Divergent Ant Species Reveals Sex-Specific Signatures of Odor Coding Xiaofan Zhou1., Jesse D. Slone1., Antonis Rokas1, Shelley L. Berger2,Ju¨ rgen Liebig3, Anandasankar Ray4, Danny Reinberg5, Laurence J. Zwiebel1* 1 Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America, 2 Departments of Cell and Developmental Biology, Genetics, and Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America, 3 School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, United States of America, 4 Department of Entomology, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California, United States of America, 5 Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Biochemistry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America Abstract Ants are a highly successful family of insects that thrive in a variety of habitats across the world. Perhaps their best-known features are complex social organization and strict division of labor, separating reproduction from the day-to-day maintenance and care of the colony, as well as strict discrimination against foreign individuals. Since these social characteristics in ants are thought to be mediated by semiochemicals, a thorough analysis of these signals, and the receptors that detect them, is critical in revealing mechanisms that lead to stereotypic behaviors. To address these questions, we have defined and characterized the major chemoreceptor families in a pair of behaviorally and evolutionarily distinct ant species, Camponotus floridanus and Harpegnathos saltator. Through comprehensive re-annotation, we show that these ant species harbor some of the largest yet known repertoires of odorant receptors (Ors) among insects, as well as a more modest number of gustatory receptors (Grs) and variant ionotropic glutamate receptors (Irs). Our phylogenetic analyses further demonstrate remarkably rapid gains and losses of ant Ors, while Grs and Irs have also experienced birth- and-death evolution to different degrees. In addition, comparisons of antennal transcriptomes between sexes identify many chemoreceptors that are differentially expressed between males and females and between species. We have also revealed an agonist for a worker-enriched OR from C. floridanus, representing the first case of a heterologously characterized ant tuning Or. Collectively, our analysis reveals a large number of ant chemoreceptors exhibiting patterns of differential expression and evolution consistent with sex/species-specific functions. These differentially expressed genes are likely associated with sex-based differences, as well as the radically different social lifestyles observed between C. floridanus and H. saltator, and thus are targets for further functional characterization. Our findings represent an important advance toward understanding the molecular basis of social interactions and the differential chemical ecologies among ant species. Citation: Zhou X, Slone JD, Rokas A, Berger SL, Liebig J, et al. (2012) Phylogenetic and Transcriptomic Analysis of Chemosensory Receptors in a Pair of Divergent Ant Species Reveals Sex-Specific Signatures of Odor Coding. PLoS Genet 8(8): e1002930. doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1002930 Editor: Nancy A. Moran, Yale University, United States of America Received March 27, 2012; Accepted July 16, 2012; Published August 30, 2012 Copyright: ß 2012 Zhou et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Funding: This work was funded by Howard Hughes Medical Institute Collaborative Innovation Award #2009005 (http://www.hhmi.org/news/20081120.html). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. * E-mail: [email protected] . These authors contributed equally to this work. Introduction globally prevalent ant genera [6]. These ants feature a rigid caste structure, with strict division of labor between the reproductive The family of insects commonly known as ants (family queens and the non-reproductive workers that is primarily Formicidae) originated during the Cretaceous period, approxi- regulated through pheromones [7,8,9]. Workers have a high mately 140 million years ago [1]. Since that time, they have threshold to lay eggs, and regulation of their reproduction through established a global presence, with only the most remote locations aggressive interactions does not occur [10]. Furthermore, the lacking ant species [2]. Indeed, in some cases, such as lowland worker caste is divided into two classes: minor workers and major tropical rainforest canopies, ants have come to dominate the workers, which differ in size and morphology [2,6]. On the other biomass [3,4]. Their ecological success is reflected in the number hand, Harpegnathos saltator, a predatory species of Ponerine ant and diversity of ants, of which there were 283 known genera [5]. endemic to India and Sri Lanka is characterized by a more flexible There is a wide diversity in the behavior and morphology of reproductive system. H. saltator colonies are relatively small different ant subfamilies that includes both the level and (averaging 65 to 225 individuals, depending on season and region) complexity of social organizations. For instance, Camponotus [11], and queen to worker dimorphism is weak [11,12]. When a H. floridanus (the Florida Carpenter Ant), is a Formicine ant from saltator colony loses its queen, one or more of the workers will begin the South-Eastern United States which belongs to one of the most laying eggs and become functional reproductives (referred to as PLOS Genetics | www.plosgenetics.org 1 August 2012 | Volume 8 | Issue 8 | e1002930 Analysis of Ant Chemosensory Receptomes Author Summary required for proper function of tuning Ors [29,31]. Rather than playing a role in odorant specificity, Orco forms an essential part Chemical communication is an important factor in the of a heteromeric ion channel in cooperation with a tuning Or that regulation of social interaction in animals. The family of is gated by its cognate odor ligand [32,33,34,35,36]. eusocial insects commonly known as ants offers an almost In contrast with the Ors, Grs are highly expressed in gustatory unique opportunity for examining the genetic basis for the organs [20,21,22], and a large portion of these receptors respond chemosensory pathways that underlie ant sociality. In to soluble tastants [37,38,39] and pheromones [40,41,42], leading order to address this issue, we have manually and to the ‘‘gustatory’’ designation for this group of chemoreceptors. comprehensively reannotated the chemoreceptor reper- However, there are some exceptions; for example, one unusual toire in a pair of evolutionarily and behaviorally divergent group of Grs respond to the volatile chemical carbon dioxide ant species, Camponotus floridanus and Harpegnathos [43,44], demonstrating that members of this receptor family are saltator. In addition, we have used next-generation RNA not necessarily limited to gustatory or pheromonal responses. This sequencing to examine the chemosensory receptor tran- scriptome between males and females within these is further supported by the expression of some Grs in non-gustatory species. Our analysis demonstrates rapid gene birth-and- organs such as the arista and Johnston’s organ [45]. death for the ant odorant and gustatory receptor gene Irs are homologous to ionotropic glutamate receptors (iGluRs) families, as well as clear differences in the expression of and thus are evolutionarily unrelated to Ors and Grs [24,26]. The particular subsets of chemoreceptor genes between males role of IRs as chemosensory receptors has recently been uncovered and females. Finally, we have begun to examine the odor based on multiple lines of evidence, including their divergence space within these discrete social units by heterologous from conventional iGluRs at sequence level and the expression of characterization of the first C. floridanus odorant receptor several Irs in chemosensory neurons [24]. While Irs are generally that also exhibits sex-specific differential expression. Taken thought to mediate responses to acids and amines [25], members together, our results provide a foundation for future of this family of chemosensory receptors may also sense other studies of the genetic basis for the chemical signaling and classes of chemicals. chemical ecology underlying the dramatically different We hypothesize that the striking contrast between C. floridanus, social lifestyles exhibited by these and other species of with its strict queen-worker dimorphism and largely pheromone- ants. regulated reproduction, and H.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Effects on Brood Development in the Carpenter Ant Camponotus Vicinus Mayr After Exposure to the Yeast Associate Schwanniomyces Polymorphus Kloecker
    insects Article Effects on Brood Development in the Carpenter Ant Camponotus vicinus Mayr after Exposure to the Yeast Associate Schwanniomyces polymorphus Kloecker Mark E. Mankowski 1,*, Jeffrey J. Morrell 2 and Patricia K. Lebow 3 1 Forest Products Laboratory Starkville, USDA Forest Service, Starkville, MS 39759, USA 2 Centre Timber Durability and Design Life, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, QLD 4102, Australia; [email protected] 3 Forest Products Laboratory Madison, USDA Forest Service, Madison, WI 53726, USA; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Simple Summary: Carpenter ants are important to ecosystem services as they assist in the breakdown of course woody debris when excavating wood for nests. Feeding on a variety of carbohydrate and protein sources, they have an infrabuccal filter that limits passage of large food particles to their gut. A variety of yeasts have been found associated with the infrabuccal pocket and the nests of these ants. The yeast Schwanniomyces polymorphus is associated with the carpenter ant Camponotus vicinus. To examine a possible nutritional association between this yeast and ant, we reared small sub-colonies of defaunated and non-defaunated C. vincus brood on several artificial diets where various nutritional components were removed. Part of the testing involved exposure of brood to these diets and cells of S. polymorphus. Dietary treatments that were augmented with yeast generally had deleterious Citation: Mankowski, M.E.; Morrell, J.J.; effects on brood development compared to diets without yeast. However, increased brood weight Lebow, P.K. Effects on Brood and increased number of adult ants from initial brood was observed in non-defaunated ants fed a Development in the Carpenter Ant diet where B vitamins and sterols were absent, but augmented with live yeast.
    [Show full text]
  • Anet Newsletter 8
    30 APRIL 2006 No. 8 ANeT Newsletter International Network for the Study of Asian Ants / DIWPA Network for Social Insect Collections / DIVERSITAS in West Pacific and Asia Proceedings of Committee Meeting of 5th ANeT Workshop Minutes prepared by: Prof. Datin Dr. Maryati Mohamed Institute for Tropical Biology & Conservation Universiti Malaysia Sabah, MALAYSIA Place and Date of the Committee Meeting Committee meeting of 5th ANeT Workshop was held on 30th November 2005 at the National Museum, Kuala Lumpur. The meeting started at 12.30 with a discussion on the draft of Action Plan tabled by Dr. John Fellowes and meeting then chaired by Prof. Maryati Mohamed at 1.00 pm. Meeting adjourned at 3.00 p.m. Members Attending Prof. Maryati Mohamed, the President of ANeT (Malaysia) Prof. Seiki Yamane (Japan) Prof. Kazuo Ogata (Japan) Dr. Rudy Kohout (Australia) Dr. John R. Fellowes (Hong Kong/UK) Mr. Suputa (Indonesia) Dr. Yoshiaki Hashimoto (Japan) Dr. Decha Wiwatwitaya (Thailand) Dr. Bui Tuan Viet (Vietnam) Dr. Himender Bharti (India) Dr. Sriyani Dias (Sri Lanka) Mr. Bakhtiar Effendi Yahya, the Secretariat of ANeT (Japan) Ms. Petherine Jimbau, the Secretariat of ANeT (Malaysia) Agenda Agreed 1. Discussion on Proposal on Action Plan as tabled by Dr. John Fellowes 2. Proceedings/Journal 3. Next meeting - 6th ANeT Seminar and Meeting (date and venue) 4. New members and structure of committee membership 5. Any other business ANeT Newsletter No. 8. 30 April 2006 Agenda Item 1: Discussion on Proposal on Action Plan as tabled by Dr. John Fellowes Draft of Proposal was distributed. During the discussion no amendments were proposed to the draft Action Plan objectives.
    [Show full text]
  • Does Argentine Ant Invasion Conserve Colouring Variation of Myrmecomorphic Jumping Spider?
    Open Journal of Animal Sciences, 2014, 4, 144-151 Published Online June 2014 in SciRes. http://www.scirp.org/journal/ojas http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ojas.2014.43019 Argentine Ant Affects Ant-Mimetic Arthropods: Does Argentine Ant Invasion Conserve Colouring Variation of Myrmecomorphic Jumping Spider? Yoshifumi Touyama1, Fuminori Ito2 1Niho, Minami-ku, Hiroshima City, Japan 2Laboratory of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Ikenobe, Japan Email: [email protected] Received 23 April 2014; revised 3 June 2014; accepted 22 June 2014 Copyright © 2014 by authors and Scientific Research Publishing Inc. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution International License (CC BY). http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Abstract Argentine ant invasion changed colour-polymorphic composition of ant-mimetic jumping spider Myrmarachne in southwestern Japan. In Argentine ant-free sites, most of Myrmarachne exhibited all-blackish colouration. In Argentine ant-infested sites, on the other hand, blackish morph de- creased, and bicoloured (i.e. partly bright-coloured) morphs increased in dominance. Invasive Argentine ant drives away native blackish ants. Disappearance of blackish model ants supposedly led to malfunction of Batesian mimicry of Myrmarachne. Keywords Batesian Mimicry, Biological Invasion, Linepithema humile, Myrmecomorphy, Myrmarachne, Polymorphism 1. Introduction It has attracted attention of biologists that many arthropods morphologically and/or behaviorally resemble ants [1]-[4]. Resemblance of non-ant arthropods to aggressive and/or unpalatable ants is called myrmecomorphy (ant-mimicry). Especially, spider myrmecomorphy has been described through many literatures [5]-[9]. Myr- mecomorphy is considered to be an example of Batesian mimicry gaining protection from predators.
    [Show full text]
  • Effects on Brood Development in the Carpenter Ant Camponotus Vicinus Mayr After Exposure to the Yeast Associate Schwanniomyces Polymorphus Kloecker
    insects Article Effects on Brood Development in the Carpenter Ant Camponotus vicinus Mayr after Exposure to the Yeast Associate Schwanniomyces polymorphus Kloecker Mark E. Mankowski 1,*, Jeffrey J. Morrell 2 and Patricia K. Lebow 3 1 Forest Products Laboratory Starkville, USDA Forest Service, Starkville, MS 39759, USA 2 Centre Timber Durability and Design Life, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, QLD 4102, Australia; [email protected] 3 Forest Products Laboratory Madison, USDA Forest Service, Madison, WI 53726, USA; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Simple Summary: Carpenter ants are important to ecosystem services as they assist in the breakdown of course woody debris when excavating wood for nests. Feeding on a variety of carbohydrate and protein sources, they have an infrabuccal flter that limits passage of large food particles to their gut. A variety of yeasts have been found associated with the infrabuccal pocket and the nests of these ants. The yeast Schwanniomyces polymorphus is associated with the carpenter ant Camponotus vicinus. To examine a possible nutritional association between this yeast and ant, we reared small sub-colonies of defaunated and non-defaunated C. vincus brood on several artifcial diets where various nutritional components were removed. Part of the testing involved exposure of brood to these diets and cells of S. polymorphus. Dietary treatments that were augmented with yeast generally had deleterious Citation: Mankowski, M.E.; Morrell, J.J.; effects on brood development compared to diets without yeast. However, increased brood weight Lebow, P.K. Effects on Brood and increased number of adult ants from initial brood was observed in non-defaunated ants fed a Development in the Carpenter Ant diet where B vitamins and sterols were absent, but augmented with live yeast.
    [Show full text]
  • Diversity of Bacteria in Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) from Canopy and Understory of Selected Trees at Mount Makiling Forest Reserve, Laguna, Philippines
    Philippine Journal of Science 150 (3): 753-763, June 2021 ISSN 0031 - 7683 Date Received: 30 Sep 2020 Diversity of Bacteria in Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) from Canopy and Understory of Selected Trees at Mount Makiling Forest Reserve, Laguna, Philippines Michael P. Gatpatan1, Mia Beatriz C. Amoranto1, Alfredo Jose C. Ballesteros3, Noel G. Sabino1, Jocelyn T. Zarate2, Ma. Anita M. Bautista3, and Lucille C. Villegas1* 1Microbiology Division, Institute of Biological Sciences 2National Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (BIOTECH) University of the Philippines Los Baños, College, Laguna 4031 Philippines 3National Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (NIMBB) University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City 1101 Philippines The Mount Makiling Forest Reserve (MMFR) is a biodiversity hotspot and listed as one of the 170 conservation priority areas established by the Philippine government. Its flora and fauna diversity has been reported, but knowledge gap has been identified concerning the bacterial communities associated with the flora and fauna. This study focused on ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), which are dominant in forest canopy and play essential roles in the ecosystem functionality. A metagenomic sequencing approach based on amplified V3–V4 regions of the 16S rRNA was employed to investigate the bacterial communities associated with five arboreal ant species collected from MMFR. The collected ants were identified as Dolichoderus thoracicus, Myrmicaria sp., Colobopsis leonardi, Polyrhachis mindanaensis, and Polyrhachis semiinermis. The sequence analyses revealed that Proteobacteria, Spirochaetes, Firmicutes, Bacteroides, and Actinobacteria were the most abundant phyla. Individual analysis of the bacterial genera associated with the five ant species showed that unclassified members of Rhizobiaceae, Orbaceae, and Burkholderiaceae were dominant in D.
    [Show full text]
  • A Newly Observed Form of Symbiotic Relationship Between Reverdin's
    Journal of Research on the Lepidoptera 41: 70-75,2002 (2009) A newly observed form of symbiotic relationship between Reverdin’s blue Lycaeides argyrognomon praeterinsularis (Verity), (Lycaenidae) and Camponotus japonicus Mayr (Formicidae) MICHIHITO WATANABE Laboratory of Natural Science for Coexistence of Humans and Nature, Kawaguchiko Field Center, 6603 Funatsu, Fujikawaguchiko-ma- chi, Yamanashi-ken, 401-0301 Japan [email protected] YASUO HAGIWARA Biological Laboratory, College of Arts and Sciences, Showa University, 4562 Kamiyoshida, Fujiyoshida-shi, Yamanashi-ken, 403-0005 Japan Abstract. Observations of an individual larva of Reverdin’s blue named O-1, and its tending ants were made in the grassland at the foot of Mt. Fuji, Japan between 29 VIII to 1 X in 2003. During its 3rd to 4th instars, O-1 larva was almost entirely protected from natural enemies by Camponotus japonicus Primary Tending Ants (PTAs) and Secondary Tending Ants (STAs). Prior to pupation, O-1 entered a C. japonicus nest hole with a PTA and three unmarked ants. Many C. japonicus individuals, including the same PTAs and some STAs from the larval stage, as well as newly attending STAs, alternatively accompanied the pupa until emergence. This is a new form of symbiotic relationship between Reverdin’s blue and C. japonicus. In the relationship characterized by what we term “loyalty,” a specific individual of Reverdin’s blue was tended by one or several PTAs, and some STAs, from the 2nd instar to adulthood. Key words: facultative or obligate ant-association, Reverdin’s blue Lycaeides argyrognomon, Camponotus japonicus, new form of symbiotic relationship, ‘loyalty’ system. INTRODUCTION AND METHODS 1 larva or tending ants because the larva quickly resumed its usual activities and the ants returned to tending O-1 The study area is situated at 35º 26´N 138º 49´E, at after cleaning their bodies to remove the new scent.
    [Show full text]
  • Positive and Negative Effects of Leaf Shelters on Herbivorous Insects: Linking Multiple Herbivore Species on a Willow
    Oecologia (2003) 136:445–449 DOI 10.1007/s00442-003-1285-5 COMMUNITY ECOLOGY Masahiro Nakamura · Takayuki Ohgushi Positive and negative effects of leaf shelters on herbivorous insects: linking multiple herbivore species on a willow Received: 13 August 2002 / Accepted: 22 April 2003 / Published online: 24 May 2003 Springer-Verlag 2003 Abstract We experimentally examined the effects on Introduction other herbivorous insects of leaf shelters constructed by lepidopteran larvae on a willow, Salix miyabeana. Several The prevalence of interspecific interactions among her- insect species occupied the vacant leaf shelters. Our bivorous insects has long been discounted in insect experiment using artificial leaf shelters showed that the community ecology (Hairston et al. 1960; Lawton and number of aphids increased with the number of artificial Strong 1981). Recently, however, there has been increas- leaf shelters on a shoot, as did the numbers of three ant ing evidence that herbivorous insects sharing a host plant species (Camponotus japonicus, Lasius hayashi, and often do affect one other considerably by changing the Myrmica jessensis) that entered leaf shelters to collect quality or quantity of the host plant (Faeth 1986, 1987; aphid honeydew. To determine the ant-mediated effect of Karban and Myers 1989; Hunter and West 1990; Dam- leaf shelters on herbivorous insects that do not use leaf man 1993; Denno et al. 1995; Ohgushi 1997). Herbivory shelters, we transferred newly hatched larvae of a by one species often induces morphological, phenologi- common leaf beetle, Plagiodera versicolora, to the leaves cal, and chemical changes in the host plant that, in turn, of shoots with and without artificial leaf shelters.
    [Show full text]
  • L-Proline Feeding for Augmented Freeze Tolerance of Camponotus
    Science Bulletin 64 (2019) 1795–1804 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Science Bulletin journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/scib Article L-proline feeding for augmented freeze tolerance of Camponotus japonicus Mayr ⇑ Mengjia Dou a,b,f,1, Yazhou Li a,c,1, Ziqiao Sun d, Lei Li a,f, , Wei Rao a,e,f,* a CAS Key Laboratory of Cryogenics, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China b School of Engineering Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China c School of Energy and Power Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China d Beijing Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Energy and Buildings, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, China e School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China f Beijing Key Laboratory of Cryo-Biomedical Engineering, Beijing 100190, China article info abstract Article history: The successful cryopreservation of organs is a strong and widespread demand around the world but faces Received 14 August 2019 great challenges. The mechanisms of cold tolerance of organisms in nature inspirit researchers to find Received in revised form 11 September new solutions for these challenges. Especially, the thermal, mechanical, biological and biophysical 2019 changes during the regulation of freezing tolerance process should be studied and coordinated to Accepted 12 September 2019 improve the cryopreservation technique and quality of complex organs. Here the cold tolerance of the Available online 30 September 2019 Japanese carpenter ants, Camponotus japonicus Mayr, was greatly improved by using optimal protocols and feeding on L-proline-augmented diets for 5 days.
    [Show full text]
  • Antifungals, Arthropods and Antifungal Resistance Prevention: Lessons from Ecological Interactions
    Middlesex University Research Repository An open access repository of Middlesex University research http://eprints.mdx.ac.uk Kett, Stephen ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0987-5001, Pathak, Ayush, Turillazzi, Stefano, Cavalieri, Duccio and Marvasi, Massimiliano (2021) Antifungals, arthropods and antifungal resistance prevention: lessons from ecological interactions. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 288 (1944) , 20202716. pp. 1-7. ISSN 0962-8452 [Article] (doi:10.1098/rspb.2020.2716) Final accepted version (with author’s formatting) This version is available at: https://eprints.mdx.ac.uk/32128/ Copyright: Middlesex University Research Repository makes the University’s research available electronically. Copyright and moral rights to this work are retained by the author and/or other copyright owners unless otherwise stated. The work is supplied on the understanding that any use for commercial gain is strictly forbidden. A copy may be downloaded for personal, non-commercial, research or study without prior permission and without charge. Works, including theses and research projects, may not be reproduced in any format or medium, or extensive quotations taken from them, or their content changed in any way, without first obtaining permission in writing from the copyright holder(s). They may not be sold or exploited commercially in any format or medium without the prior written permission of the copyright holder(s). Full bibliographic details must be given when referring to, or quoting from full items including the author’s name, the title of the work, publication details where relevant (place, publisher, date), pag- ination, and for theses or dissertations the awarding institution, the degree type awarded, and the date of the award.
    [Show full text]
  • Sex-Specific Antennal Sensory System in the Ant Camponotus Japonicus: Structure and Distribution of Sensilla on the Flagellum
    Cell Tissue Res (2009) 338:79–97 DOI 10.1007/s00441-009-0863-1 ' REGULAR ARTICLE Sex-specific antennal sensory system in the ant Camponotus japonicus: structure and distribution of sensilla on the flagellum Aki Nakanishi & Hiroshi Nishino & Hidehiro Watanabe & Fumio Yokohari & Michiko Nishikawa Received: 1 July 2009 /Accepted: 12 August 2009 /Published online: 8 September 2009 # Springer-Verlag 2009 Abstract The antennae are a critically important compo- sensilla, which are cuticular hydrocarbon-receptive in the nent of the ant’s highly elaborated chemical communication ant, are present in workers and unmated queens but absent systems. However, our understanding of the organization of in males. Coelocapitular sensilla (putatively hygro- and the sensory systems on the antennae of ants, from thermoreceptive) have been newly identified in this study. peripheral receptors to central and output systems, is poorly Coelocapitular, coeloconic, and ampullaceal sensilla form understood. Consequently, we have used scanning electron clusters and show biased distributions on flagellar segments and confocal laser microscopy to create virtually complete of antennae in all colony members. The total numbers of maps of the structure, numbers of sensory neurons, and sensilla per flagellum are about 9000 in unmated queens, distribution patterns of all types of external sensilla on the 7500 in workers, and 6000 in males. This is the first report antennal flagellum of all types of colony members of the presenting comprehensive sensillar maps of antennae in carpenter ant Camponotus japonicus. Based on the outer ants. cuticular structures, the sensilla have been classified into seven types: coelocapitular, coeloconic, ampullaceal, basi- Keywords Sensillar map . Chemoreceptor . Hygro- conic, trichoid-I, trichoid-II, and chaetic sensilla.
    [Show full text]
  • NESTING and FORAGING CHARACTERISTICS of the BLACK CARPENTER ANT Camponotus Pennsylvanicus Degeer (HYMENOPTERA: FORMICIDAE)
    Clemson University TigerPrints All Dissertations Dissertations 12-2007 Nesting And Foraging Characteristics Of The lB ack Carpenter Ant Camponotus pennsylvanicus (DeGeer) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) Donald Oswalt Clemson University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/all_dissertations Part of the Entomology Commons Recommended Citation Oswalt, Donald, "Nesting And Foraging Characteristics Of The lB ack Carpenter Ant Camponotus pennsylvanicus (DeGeer) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)" (2007). All Dissertations. 158. https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/all_dissertations/158 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Dissertations at TigerPrints. It has been accepted for inclusion in All Dissertations by an authorized administrator of TigerPrints. For more information, please contact [email protected]. NESTING AND FORAGING CHARACTERISTICS OF THE BLACK CARPENTER ANT Camponotus pennsylvanicus DeGeer (HYMENOPTERA: FORMICIDAE) A Dissertation Presented to the Graduate School of Clemson University In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy Entomology by Donald A. Oswalt December 2007 Accepted by: Eric P. Benson, Committee Chair Peter H. Adler William C. Bridges, Jr. Patricia A. Zungoli ABSTRACT Potential nesting sites of Camponotus pennsylvanicus (DeGeer) were investigated in South Carolina to determine if nesting sites features could be characterized by habitat features for black carpenter ant nests. Environmental data from forested plots showed large-scale habitat features such as vegetation density and canopy cover were not useful as indicators for the presence or absence of nests. Small-scale individual nest characteristics such as diameter at breast height of trees, log length, tree defect type or tree species were better indicators of occupied nests.
    [Show full text]
  • Download PDF File
    Digital supplementary material to FIEDLER, K. 2006: Ant-associates of Palaearctic lycaenid butterfly larvae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae; Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) – a review. – Myrmecologische Nachrichten 9: 77-87. Appendix: List of all reported ant associates of Palaearctic Lycaenidae butterflies that were compiled from a multitude of sources (books, journal articles, websites, personal communications). Associations are only included if (1) observed in the field and (2) the identity was reported (or could be inferred with certainty) from the sources. Ant species identifications that were referred to as not fully precise in the original source are marked as "cf.". Two doubtful cases of ant associa- tions are included for completeness, but marked with "??". Nomenclature of the ants has been adapted to BOLTON (1995) where necessary. For further details on data collation, taxonomy, and geographical delimitations see text. Some extra- limital ant-association data are included, but were not considered for analyses. Higher classification of the Lycaenidae adapt- ed from HESSELBARTH & al. (1995). Within higher taxa, lycaenid species are ordered alphabetically. obl – ant associa- tion obligatory, (older) larvae practically never without ants, specific host ants used. fac – association facultative, visi- tors may or may not be present and can be exchanged. par – association parasitic (sensu FIEDLER 1998: caterpillars feed on ant brood or obtain trophallactic feeding). mut – caterpillars are (potential) ant mutualists, i.e., they can deliver nectar secretion from a functional dorsal nectar gland. com – associations are commensalic (neutral), i.e., caterpillars have no functional nectar organ, are (at least occasionally) visited by ants, but also do not feed on ant brood or trophallaxis. If an association is intermediate in its ecological outcome (or not sufficiently well known), the score "mut – com" is used.
    [Show full text]