TRANSACTIONS OF THE LEICESTERSHIRE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY

TRANSACTIONS OF THE LEICESTERSHIRE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY

VOL. XX

W. THORNLEY & SON BOWLING GREEN STREET, LEICESTER 1938-39

CONTENTS

PAGE The Eighty-third Annual Report and Accounts, 1937 i xxiii

The Eighty-fourth Annual Report and Accounts, 1938 ...... xxvii xliii

List of Officers, Members, etc...... xlv Hi

Rules ...... liii liv

VOL. XX. PART I.

POST-MEDIEVAL COSSINGTON By Florence E. Skillington ...... 1

WIGSTON MAGNA LAY SUBSIDIES, 1327 to 1599 By W. G. Hoskins, M.Sc. (Econ.), Ph.D...... 55

THE ROTHLEY CROSS-SHAFT AND THE SPROXTON CROSS By T. E. Routh ...... 65

MINISTERS' ACCOUNTS OF THE HONOR OF LEICESTER (1322 to 1324) (continued from Vol. XXVIX, Part 2) By Levi Fox, B.A. (Oxon.), M.A. (Manch.) ... 77

A FERRERS DOCUMENT OF THE TWELFTH CENTURY By Eleanor Swift, M.A...... 159

THE DOMESDAY GEOGRAPHY OF LEICESTERSHIRE By D. Holly ...... 167 CONTENTS-continued

PAGE

VOL. XX. PART II. POST-MEDIEVAL COSSINGTON By Florence E. Skillington ...... 203

A HISTORY OF THE HUMBERSTONE FAMILY By W. G. Hoskins, M.Sc. (Econ.), Ph.D...... 241

THE ADMINISTRATION OF THE HONOR OF LEICESTER IN THE FOURTEENTH CENTURY By Levi Fox, B.A. (Oxon.), M.A. (Manch.) ... 289 ILLUSTRATIONS

FACING PAGE POST-MEDIEVAL COSSINGTON Eighteenth-Century Carron Grate in Farm-house ... 1 Eighteenth-Century Grates in Farm-house ...... 17 Swithland Slate Headstones ...... 32 Genealogical Table The Babingtons of Cossington 33

THE ROTHLEY CROSS-SHAFT AND THE SPROXTON CROSS The Rothley Cross-Shaft ...... 68,72 The Sproxton Cross ...... 73,76 North and South Responds of Chancel Arch, Bibury, Glos...... 76

THE MINISTERS' ACCOUNTS OF THE HONOR OF LEICESTER (1322 to 1324) Reproductions from Ministers' Accounts ...... 81,96

A FERRERS DOCUMENT OF THE TWELFTH CENTURY Charter from William Earl Ferrers to Garendon Abbey 159

THE DOMESDAY GEOGRAPHY OF LEICESTERSHIRE Maps ...... 169 201

POST-MEDIEVAL COSSINGTON The Rev. John Babington and George Reeve ... 203 The Church Plate ...... 210 Map showing the first pipe-draining scheme ...... 218 Map showing drainage scheme in detail ...... 226 ILLUSTRATIONS—continued

FACING PAGE A HISTORY OF THE HUMBERSTONE FAMILY Map showing the Leicestershire Homes of the Humberstones ...... 241 Thrussington and the River Wreak ...... 246 Thrussington Church ...... 251 Wymeswold Church ...... 258 A Street in Wymeswold ...... 259 Asfordby Church ...... 266 Asfordby Church and Rectory ...... 271 Headstone of Mary Humberston (1683-1724) ... 278 Robert Humberstone (1778-1865) ...... 278 Robert Humberstone ...... 282 Mary Humberstone ...... 283 Genealogical Table ...... 288

THE ADMINISTRATION OF THE HONOR OF LEICESTER IN THE FOURTEENTH CENTURY Map shewing the extent and organization of the midland possessions of the honor of Leic­ ester in the fourteenth century ...... 362, THE LEICESTERSHIRE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY

EIGHTY-THIRD ANNUAL REPORT 1937

THE LEICESTERSHIRE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY

EIGHTY-THIRD ANNUAL REPORT, 1937

YOUR Committee are happy to report that the satisfactory position of the Society has been well maintained, and that there are very good reasons for believing that its prosperity and usefulness will continue and increase. The outstanding events of 1937 were the decision of the Corporation to preserve the important Roman remains that were brought to light in the previous year at Leicester, and the publication, rather late in December, of Professor Hamilton Thompson's most valuable and interesting History of the Hospital and the New College of the Annunciation of St. Mary in the Newarke, Leicester, by the Society. In October, 1935, when your Committee had practically decided to bring out this book, which is bound to enhance the Society's reputation, the late Lord Ferrers, who was then our President, wrote about it as follows : "The College in the Newarke at Leicester is clearly of first-rate importance both for local history and for the light it throws on the constitution of colleges of secular canons in the country at large. We are singularly fortunate that the history of the College has been written by so able and trustworthy an antiquary as Professor Hamilton Thompson, and now that there is a chance of having it brought together and published in book form, the opportunity must not be missed. I shall be grateful if you will put down my name as a subscriber". A review of the book, kindly written by Mr. W. G. Hoskins as a record of the enter­ prise, will be found at the end of this report. The Corporation decided to preserve the site of the Forum at Leicester, and to continue the excavations there, soon after the beginning of the year. Before the matter was finally brought before the City Council, our Society was invited to send a deputation to state the case for preserving the remains at a joint meeting of the Baths IV. LEICESTERSHIRE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY

Committee and the Parliamentary and General Purposes Com­ mittee, which was presided over by the Lord Mayor (Alderman Swain). The delegates selected were Colonel Martin, Mr. C. S. Bigg, Mr. Albert Herbert and Mr. S. H. Skillington. These representatives were very courteously received and listened to, and it is believed that what they said helped the aldermen and councillors to arrive at what is almost universally regarded as the only right and patriotic decision. Miss Kenyon has been good enough to write a short account of the work done on the site in the summer of 1937. Her article, which is of course authoritative, immediately precedes Mr. Hoskins's review of Professor Hamilton Thompson's book on the Newarke college and hospital. The following ladies and gentlemen were elected to member­ ship in the course of the year : 1936 In November: Miss F. K. Musson, Roof Tree Cottage, Hoby, Leicestershire Mr. H. M. Taylor, 64 Brockhurst Road, Ward End, Birmingham 8 1937 In January: Mr. G. E. Flack, M.A., Librarian, University College, Nottingham Mr. L. Fox, The Outwoods, Cole Orton, Leicestershire In June: Miss Lilian Dalley, 7 Spinney Rise, Birstall, Leicester In April: The Rev. H. T. Jenner, Peckleton Lane, Desford In July: Mr. J. J. Gardiner, 194 Welford Road, Leicester In November: Mr. G. A. Longden, Draycott Lodge, near Derby Mr. A. B. Plummer, 3 Granby Street, Leicester Mrs. L. Wildt, Newstead, Ratcliffe Road, Leicester Five members resigned, and the Society regrets the loss by death of the Earl Ferrers, Canon S. T. Winckley, Mrs. C. M. A. G. Farnham, Mr. J. R. Frears, Mr. Thomas Hacking, Mr. W. H. Lead, Mr. Arthur Oram, Mr. W. Taylor and Mr. H. J. Walker. REPORT V.

The Earl Ferrers, F.S.A.

VERY early in the year 1937 the Society lost its President and the County the head of one of its oldest families, whose ancestor fought at Hastings and was a considerable landowner in Leicester­ shire at the time of the Domesday Survey. It was about eleven years ago that Sir Walter Knight Shirley, eleventh Earl Ferrers and Viscount Tamworth, became President of the Society, in succession to the late Duke of Rutland, who, as Lord Granby, held that position until he succeeded his father as Patron. Lord Ferrers attended occasionally at the meetings of the Society and took the chair in July 1931, when an address on the care of ancient churches was given by Mr. Eeles. Mr. Eeles is a member of the Committee of the Society for the Protection of Ancient Buildings, of which Lord Ferrers was for many years one of the Honorary Secretaries, a position for which he was peculiarly well-qualified, being himself a practising architect of standing in his profession. Those who were so fortunate as to take part in the excursion to Staunton Harold in 1925 will have retained a happy memory alike of the kindness with which they were entertained by their host and hostess, and of the charm and interest of the church and the house and their surroundings. The church, which is almost unique alike in having been built during the Common­ wealth and in the perfection of its contemporary woodwork and fittings, was the object of Lord Ferrers' constant care and affection : there he attended service with unfailing regularity, reading the lessons to the congregation of his household and his tenants as they sat, the men on the right of the nave and the women on the left, according to the seventeenth-century custom which has been observed in unbroken continuity since the church was built. No one who knew him could doubt that it was from his religion that he derived the strength which enabled him to face the difficulties confronting all whose interests are bound up with the ownership of land, and the burden of the long and exhausting illness from which at last he died. The memory of his serene courage, and the influence of his character, will live long in the minds of the neighbours, in all walks of life, among whom he and Lady Ferrers spent their days. R. E. M. VI. LEICESTERSHIRE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY

Canon S. T. Winckley, M.A., F.S.A. SIDNEY Thorold Winckley, one of the oldest and most respected members of the Society, of which he was a Vice-President, was born in 1858 and died on the 8th of May, 1937. He was a son of William Winckley, F.S.A., of Harrow, and Frances, daughter of the Reverend Charles Thorold, M.A., of Lincolnshire. He was educated at Harrow and at St. John's College, Cambridge. In 1888 he married Elizabeth, daughter of the Reverend W. T. Freer, M.A., R.D., of Houghton-on-the-Hill, Leicestershire, by whom he had two sons and three daughters; Mrs. Winckley died in 1925. He was ordained deacon in 1882, and priest in 1884. He held a curacy at St. Mary's, Nottingham, from 1882 until 1889, when he became vicar of St. Catherine's, Nottingham, where he remained until 1894. In that year he accepted the rectory of Houghton-on-the^Hill, which had been offered to him by his brother-in-law, Major W. J. Freer, who was patron by virtue of being trustee of William Freer, his own and Mrs. Winckley's grandfather. He left Houghton in 1927, to take up the appoint­ ment of Master of Wyggeston's Hospital, Leicester, which he held until his death. In the same year he was made Canon Treasurer of Leicester Cathedral. His immediate predecessor as rector of Houghton was his father-in-law, and the successive incumbencies of the two extended over a period of sixty-six years. Ecclesiastical and other offices held by him, besides those men­ tioned above, are thus set forth in Who's Who: — Rural Dean of Goscote I, 1909-27; Hon. Canon of Peter­ borough, 1923-27; Priest Canon of St. Martin's Collegiate Church, Leicester, 1921-27; Hon. Local Secretary, Society of Antiquaries, London; for many years Hon. Secretary, Leicestershire Archaeological Society; formerly Hon. Secretary of Bishop's Advisory Committee (Church Restoration,, etc.); Surrogate for Diocese and Archdeaconry of Leicester; Hon. C.V.F. The same work of reference also notes the publication in 1931 of his Leicester Cathedral Handbook, a useful little work, very care­ fully written and arranged, that should have been better produced. It is probable that Canon Winckley joined our Society in- 1894, when he came into Leicestershire and settled at Houghton. Though his exacting ecclesiastical duties, which he performed REPORT Vll. with conscientious'thoroughness, prevented him from becoming an expert in any branch of archaeology, he was deeply imbued with antiquarian sentiment and possessed a combination of qualities that made him a most useful member and officer of the Society. Among those qualities may be mentioned his personal charm, his general friendliness, his tact, his humour and his un­ swerving devotion to what he considered the Society's best interests. I do not think he was ever sole Honorary Secretary. When I first joined the Society, some twenty-five years ago, he and Major Freer seemed to do the secretarial work between them; and the impression made upon my mind was that they must have been so working together from time immemorial.' Major Freer was no doubt the senior Honorary Secretary, who had charge of the minute book and attended to the correspondence; and one of Canon Winckley's chief duties was to organise and lead the Society's excursions, which he did extremely well and with con­ tagious geniality. It has often been said, by Mr. Farnham and others able to judge, that nothing has done more to preserve the vitality and good spirit of the Society than its summer excursions, which have always been most admirably planned and conducted; and it is certain that Canon Winckley was never happier, and never more himself, than when he was helping the members and their friends to enjoy themselves amid inspiring surroundings. After Mr. Farnham's death, when the executive felt sadly in need of support, he never failed them. He frequently presided over General Meetings, and, when he was not in the chair, he could be relied on to make one of those leisurely and reassuring speeches of which he had the secret. About eighteen months before his death, he had a serious and prolonged illness from which he never completely recovered, though he continued to go about and to perform his duties at the Hospital. During this period, he fought valiantly for the preservation-of the site of the Forum of Leicester. His heart was in this cause, and nobody did more to win it than he did. The last time he addressed the Society was at the Annual Meeting of 1937, when he rose to express his satisfaction at the election of Professor Hamilton Thompson as its President. Though his speech was humorously phrased, there was a curious sadness in his tone, as if he felt that it might be his valediction. The end came suddenly, and it is believed painlessly, about six weeks later. There is no doubt Vlll. LEICESTERSHIRE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY that he loved the Society, and I think that he looked to its future with hope. S. H. S.

Mr. Henry Hartopp, F.R.Hist.S. MR. Henry Hartopp, who became a member of the Society about fifty years ago, died, at the age of seventy^two, on the 29th of November, 1937, leaving a widow and one daughter. When he was a young man, Mr. Hartopp attracted the notice of the Reverend W. G. EKmock Fletcher, who, for some years before he left Leicester for Shrewsbury, was editor of our Society's Tran­ sactions. Mr. Fletcher, finding that the youth had a natural bent for the study of local history and family descents, gave him a thorough course of instruction in the methods and principles of genealogical research; and it was to this timely help that Mr. Hartopp gratefully attributed his subsequent success as a record searcher and a compiler of documentary evidences. The work was congenial to him, and by persevering attention to it in his spare time, he in due course found himself able to rely upon it for his livelihood. He became extremely skilful in his profession; and, as he was thoroughly conscientious, he obtained much employ­ ment from solicitors and from people who wished to obtain particulars of their ancestry. The number of persons who found his results to be trustworthy steadily increased, and in the latter part of his life he received enquiries from places far distant from Leicestershire. I am afraid that he did not make as much money as he deserved; for he was very modest in his charges, and some of his clients proved to be less generous than they should have been. Still, his heart was in his work and, on the whole, he had a happy and interesting life. Mr. Hartopp had been a member of the Society's General Committee for more years than I can recall, and when the sub­ committees were formed he was elected to the Papers Committee, now called the Publications and General Purposes Committee. About 1920, or perhaps a little later, he was appointed Assistant Secretary of the Society, a position he continued to hold until some four years ago, when the state of his health compelled him to resign. He was then made an Honorary Member, in recog­ nition of his past services; but he was not able to attend many REPORT IX.

more meetings. 'For something like ten years, he had been suffering from a distressing illness which gradually increased its hold upon him and eventually caused his death. I cannot give a full list of Mr. Hartopp's published works, most of which may be consulted in the Leicester Municipal Reference Library, but the following are some of the most important of them : Leicestershire Wills and Administrations (British Record Society), 1902; Leicester Marriage Licences, in the same series; Leicester Hearth Tax Roll, Michaelmas, 1664, Leicester, 1912; Register of the Freemen of. Leicester (two volumes), Leicester Corporation, 1927 and 1933; Roll of the Mayors and Lord Mayors of Leicester, 1209-1935, Leicester Cor­ poration, 1936. He also prepared an Index of the Bishops' Tran­ scripts in the Registry of the Archdeacon of Leicester, 1561-1700, which was published in 1909. This work contains clear references to thousands of documents, and is in itself a striking monument of its compiler's carefulness and patient industry. S. H. S.

Transactions THE second part of volume xix of the Society's Transactions was due to appear before the end of 1937. It was, unfortunately, impossible to have it ready by then; but it is now almost com­ plete, and members may expect to receive their copies within the next few weeks. The contents are : i. The Fields of Wigston Magna, by W. G. Hoskins, M.Sc. (Econ.), Ph.D. Oxon., with two plans by Albert Herbert, F.R.I.B.A., F.S.A. ii. Ministers' Accounts of the Honor of Leicester, by L. Fox. B.A. Oxon., with plans and reproductions of manuscripts, iii. The Origins and early History of Alderman Newton's Foundation, by R. W. Greaves, M.A., D.Ph. Oxon. iv. Medieval Cossington, a Narrative based upon the Researches of the late George Francis Farnham, M.A., F.S.A., by S. H. Skillington. v. Post-Medieval Cossington, by Florence E. Skillington, with a map by Albert Herbert, F.R.I.B.A., F.S.A., and several photographic illustrations. X. LEICESTERSHIRE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY vi. Catalogue of the Library of Leicester Abbey, by Montague Rhodes James, O.M., L,itt.D., F.B.A., F.S.A., late Pro­ vost of Eton College, edited by A. Hamilton Thompson, C.B.E., M.A., D.Litt., F.B.A., F.S.A. The first of these articles is upon a most interesting subject, and has the qualities of sane scholarship and clear exposition that mark everything written by Mr. Hoskins. The second paper which will be continued in the next part, is an important con­ tribution to the history of L/eicester and Leicestershire. The writer of it, Mr. L,evi Fox;, is a native of the county who has acquired an enviable reputation as an enthusiastic and learned medieval historian. Mr. Greaves, the author of the next paper, is a native of Leicester. He has made a thorough study of Gabriel Newton and his foundation, and tells us very much more about the alderman and his benefactions than has hitherto been known. The fourth contribution is the third and last instalment of Mr. Skillington's history of medieval Cossington, based on Mr. ]Farnham's documents. He wishes it to be known that there are many more abstracts relating to Cossington in Leicestershire Medieval Village Notes than he could make use of without con­ fusing the story of manorial descents. The next article, on post- medieval Cossington, is a sequel to the one just noticed. Mrs. Skillington has studied a large number of documents relating to Cossington in the collections presented by the late Mr. Merttens and other donors to the I/eicester Museum Muniment Room, and has also drawn upon the knowledge of her father and others whose families have been connected with the village for many years. Her aim is to show how the people of Cossington lived their lives and conducted their affairs during the seventeenth, eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. The last item is a further instalment of the late Provost of Eton's Catalogue, which Pro­ fessor Hamilton Thompson is editing. This Catalogue is greatly valued by scholars, and the Society is most fortunate in having so eminent an authority to edit and annotate it. The part, taken altogether, is one of which the Society may legitimately be proud, especially as all the papers in it were freely offered by their writers without any solicitation on the part of the editorial sub­ committee. It is a larger part than the Society, with its present membership, could afford to publish every year. It therefore behoves us all to do what we can to increase the Society's income REPORT XI. by obtaining as many new members as possible; for there is not likely to be any dearth, of capable contributors for a long time to come.

Lectures DURING the year, the following two lectures were delivered at General Meetings held at the Church House, St. Martin's, Leicester : 25th January : The Leicester Forum Site, by Mr. Colin D. B. Ellis, M.C., M.A. 1st November: The Medieval Villages of Leicestershire, by Mr. W. G. Hoskins, M.Sc. (Econ.), Ph.D. Oxon. Both these addresses were well attended and much appreciated by those who heard them. Mr. Ellis, as chairman of the Ex­ cavations Committee, was able to explain fully the discoveries that had been made near the Jewry Wall in 1936, and to say what the experts thought about them and the future possibilities of the site. He spoke lucidly and with pleasant informality, and there is no doubt that his remarks were very helpful and oppor­ tune. The lecture given by Mr. Hoskins was thoroughly enjoyed, and it is hoped that the executive sub-committee will take advan­ tage of his learning and good nature on many future occasions. The Society is already much indebted to him for the excellent papers he has contributed to Transactions.

Excursions Two very successful outings were planned by the Excursion Com­ mittee and carried through with his usual efficiency by Mr. Ralph Bedingfield. The first of these was to Peckleton Rise, Desford, the charming home of Mr. Ernest G. Ellis, by way of Stoke Golding and Peckleton. The churches at these two villages were described by Mr. Albert Herbert. Architectural notes, by Pro­ fessor Hamilton Thompson, on the church at Stoke Golding may be read in the Society's Transactions, vol. xiv, pp. 200-205; and there is a good account of Peckleton church, by Mr. Albert Herbert, on pp. 145-149 of the seventeenth volume of the same Transactions. Both these papers are illustrated photographically, Xll. LEICESTERSHIRE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY and by plans and drawings contributed by Mr. Albert Herbert. On their arrival at Peckleton Rise, the party were welcomed by Mr. and Mrs. Ellis, who kindly entertained them to tea. Immediately after tea, the general meeting then due was held under the chairmanship of the Rev. S. R. Pocock. When the minutes of the previous meeting had been signed, Mr. Pocock spoke feelingly of the loss the Society had sustained through the death of Canon Winckley, their old friend and fellow-worker. Then, upon the chairman's invitation, Mr. Ralph Bedingfield moved that a letter of condolence be sent, on the Society's behalf, to the canon's family. This proposal was seconded by Mr. Herbert, and the company stood for a few moments in respectful silence. Mr. Skillington then announced that Mr. Ellis wished to present a case of Roman remains that had been discovered on property of his near the Jewry Wall at Leicester. This interesting gift was gratefully accepted, and a vote of thanks to the generous donor was unanimously passed. Mr. Albert Herbert announced that the wonderful ancient carvings at Breedon church had been removed from the exterior of the church and refixed inside it. There > they will be preserved from rapid deterioration unless the church itself is razed to the ground by the violent blastings that take place from time to time in an adjacent quarry. Grave anxiety is felt about the safety of this venerable historic monu­ ment, which has surmounted Breedon Hill for many centuries; but there seems to be no means of preventing, or even moderating, the dangerous and inexcusable concussions that threaten it. Mr. Pocock then closed the proceedings by moving a hearty vote of thanks to Mr. and Mrs. Ellis for their kindness and hospitality. This was seconded by Mr. L/eavesley, passed with acclamation, and genially acknowledged by Mr. Ellis. After the meeting, Mr. Ellis showed his guests round the beautiful and finely- situated grounds, and in other ways entertained them, until it was time to start for home. The second excursion occupied the whole of Thursday, the 8th of July, which was most happily spent in visiting the priory church at Blyth, the church and castle of Tickhill, atnd Roche abbey, all of which were inimitably expounded by Professor Hamilton Thompson, who had suggested the day's programme to Mr. Bedingfield. Between Blyth and Tickhill, the party halted at Barnby Moor, where they had lunch at the Bell hotel. When REPORT XI11. lunch was over, they moved into another room and held a General Meeting. This was presided over by Mr. Albert Herbert, who, as soon as the routine business had been done, proposed that Professor Thompson, as President of the Society, should take his seat and act as chairman for the rest of the proceedings. Mr. S. H. Skillington, seconding this proposal, said that the Society owed its present satisfactory position to the long continued inspiration of Dr. Thompson and the late Mr. George Farnham, who had set it upon the way it should go and had been tireless in their efforts for its good. The Professor, having formally moved into the chair, rose and began a most interesting speech by thanking Mr. Herbert for the kind things he had said about him and Mrs. Hamilton Thompson, who was present at the meeting and remained with the party all day. He then expressed his appreciation of the honour the Society had done him by making him President in succession to the late I,ord Ferrers. He said that Mr. Farnham, if he had been living, would have been the only possible President for the Society to choose, and paid generous tribute to the learning and personal qualities of that unforgettable friend. In the course of his reminiscences, he spoke with the utmost kindness of many of the members some, alas, no longer living with whom he had worked and deliberated in the past, and said that the I/eicestershire Archaeological Society must always be very near his heart. The party then went on to Tickhill, where Dr. Thompson took them over the castle, which Mr. H. G. Atkinson-Clark kindly allowed them to inspect. At about half-past-three, they went on to Roche, where they took tea on the lawn of Mill Cottage, which is near the Gate House. Professor Hamilton Thompson then led them to the remains of Roche abbey, which had been skilfully laid out by the Office of Works, and explained the plan of the building and all the signifi­ cant details in situ. The substance of what he said is contained in the official guide written by him for the Office of Works, which can be obtained for sixpence from any good bookseller. From Roche, Dr. and Mrs. Thompson returned to Leeds, and the rest of the party went to their several homes. The weather was bright and fine for both excursions, and everybody was grateful to Mr. Bedingfield, whose resourcefulness and good-humoured shepherding are beyond praise. XIV. LEICESTERSHIRE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY

Excavations at the Jewry Wall Site, 1937 By Kathleen M. Kenyon, F.S.A. WHEN work on the site was suspended in 1936, two strips along the east and north sides of the area had been completely excavated. The clearance of the upper, modern, layers of soil of the remaining area was begun again in May, 1937, and work on the Roman layers in the middle of June, and continued until the end of August, by which time the funds allocated to the year's expendi­ ture had been exhausted. The earliest important discovery was with reference to the plan of the Forum. It was found that in addition to the two rooms on either side of the entrance from the Basilica, that there was a third room in the north-east (and pro­ bably also in the south-east) angle of the market square. This is a point of unusual interest, as in the normal plan, rooms of this sort are 'only found on the free side of the Basilica from the market square, not intervening between the two. The second discovery was even more striking, and was the fact that in the Fourth Century, a large public Bath Building had been constructed right across the middle of the Forum, occupying the whole of the open space. The full plan of this building is not yet uncovered, but even at this stage, two aspects of the importance of the discovery are clear. One is that at that period the market square had for some reason ceased to be employed as such, owing presumably to changes in the method of commerce, and the other is that Ratae Coritanorum was still sufficiently prosperous at such a late period to undertake municipal buildings on a very substantial scale. Work will be continued on the south side of the Forum in 1938, when it is hoped that the clearance of the site will be completed.

The History of the Hospital and the New College of the Annunciation of St. Mary in the Newarke, Leicester By A. Hamilton Thompson, M.A., D.Litt., F.S.A., F.B.A.

By W. G. Hoskins, M.Sc. (Econ.), Ph.D. Oxon. LEICESTER and Leicestershire are indeed fortunate in their historians. The late Mr. George Farnham, to whom Professor Hamilton Thompson pays a distinguished tribute in the dedication REPORT XV. of this scholarly volume, made perhaps the most solid and valuable contribution to the history of Leicestershire that has been made, not excepting Nichols' great history. No other county in England can show anything comparable to his six volumes of Leicestershire Medieval Village Notes, not to mention any of his other work. Professor Hamilton Thompson carries on in this tradition; his work on the history of the city and the county will be hardly less voluminous when it comes to be reckoned up. Following upon the substantial Wyggeston Hospital Records which he published in 1933, a work which it is now superfluous to praise, Professor Hamilton Thompson now publishes a com­ plete history of the Hospital and the New College of the Annun­ ciation of St. Mary in the Newarke. In the space of a short review one can only outline something of the ground covered in this volume. Beginning with the foundation of the Hospital of our Lady by Henry, earl of Lancaster and Leicester, in 1330-1, and its princely enlargement by his son in 1355-6, we are next taken in great and interesting detail through the foundation statutes of the New College, as the enlarged foundation was called. The details of the ordering of the religious life of the college are of profound interest, both to the layman and to the student. It is tempting but idle to quote from them, for there is so much worth quoting and so little space in which to do justice. The history of the college is then related, from 1361 to 1440, in which year bishop Alnwick made the visitation which provides Professor Hamilton Thompson with a most fascinating chapter. The sins and shortcomings of mankind have always been reported more fully than the sober lives of the righteous and the godly; one must remember this in reading these pages, or one falls into the common error of regarding the religious houses of the time as entirely corrupt and unworthy of their founders. Moreover, many offences cited to the bishop were regarded considerably less gravely than they would be to-day. Standards of practice were different; we are not called upon to say better or worse. The complaints laid before the bishop do show, however, that "the canons were certainly an unsatisfactory body of men". Some of their shortcomings are human enough : they preferred to stay in bed rather than rise for matins in the collegiate church. Their behaviour when in church is less excusable: both canons and XVI. LEICESTERSHIRE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY vicars clanked about loudly in wooden shoes shod with iron, to the great hindrance of the singing. One of the vicars sang too fast, and another so loudly that he was a nuisance to all around him. The bishop ordained that for every repetition of this offence he should pay fourpence to the fabric of the church and sixpence to the bedefolk in the hospital. Three other vicars habitually chattered and laughed in the choir during divine service, and they also were suitably dealt with. John Dey, one of the canons and also rector of Wigston, was accused and convicted of far graver offences. "His house in the close was in bad repair; the rectory at Wigston was almost fallen to the ground. He was said to consume all his goods in debauchery, to be a common wanderer about the town and a haunter of taverns". Dey was therefore solemnly deprived of his canonry and prebend, and a little later resigned his church of Wigston. As a result of the visitation,, the bishop made a number of injunctions to remedy certain breaches of the statutes, all of them interesting relevations of the minutiae of collegiate life. The vicars, for instance, should not talk or laugh during divine service; if they must speak, they should do so quickly, in a low voice, and in Latin. Poor people who had recovered their health should leave the hospital at once and their places be filled by more deserving cases. Another curious injunction was to the effect that the altar wine should be of the best, for one of the vicars had complained that the wine supplied for use was "old and flavour­ less; and it had been found that it caused nausea and sickness in those who partook of it". Another chapter is devoted to the visitation of bishop Long- land in 1525. The evidence presented at this visitation by the members of the college is contained in a MS. volume of which Professor Hamilton Thompson says that "there is probably no more full or interesting account of a visitation of a religious estab­ lishment". Much of this is concerned with the trouble caused by the residence within the precincts of .Mary, lady Hungerford, and her second husband, sir Richard Sacheverell. A good deal of the evidence on this dispute is given verbatim, and it repro­ duces for us in a most vivid manner the everyday irritations and clashes of feeling in this small community. In this chapter Professor Hamilton Thompson gives us the real stuff of history. REPORT XVllt

The College ceased to exist at Easter, 1548, suppressed by act of Parliament in common with all other chantry foundations, though the hospital survives to this day as the Trinity Hospital. Professor Hamilton Thompson's scholarship needs no praise. In his preface he claims that no other collegiate church in England "presents so complete a picture of the life of a college of secular canons in theory and practice as the Newarke college". No one reading his pages will dispute this claim. The Publications Com­ mittee of the Society also are to be congratulated upon this volume, admirably produced, printed, and indexed as it is; a model of how local history should be presented. THE LEICESTERSHIRE RECEIPTS AND PAYMENTS ACCOUNT

RECEIPTS £ s. d. To Balance in Hand ...... 14316 0 ,, Subscriptions and Donations ...... 272 15 0 ,, Sale of Books ...... 1 10 0 Interest on £101 5s. 4d. Leicester 3 per cent. Stock less Tax ...... 2511 ,, Interest on £250 Os. Od. Leicester 4? per cent. Stock less Tax ...... 8 19 8 ,, Interest on £150 Os. Od. 3j per cent. Conversion Stock less Tax ...... 3 19 6 Interest on £500 Os. Od. 3£ per cent. War Loan Gross ...... 17 10 0 ,, Income Tax reclaimed 1936-7 ...... 4 15 6 ., Balance overdrawn ...... 10 8 10

£466 0 5 ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY for the Year endiftg 31st December, 1937

PAYMENTS £ s. d. £ s. d. y Subscriptions : Archaeological Congress 1 0 0 Canterbury and York Society 1 1 0 Lincoln Record Society 1 1 0 English Place Name Society 0 15 0 British Record Society 1 11 6 Society for the Protection of Ancient Buildings 5 0 0 ,, Society for the Protection of Ancient Buildings 1 1 0 Council for the Preservation of Rural England 1 1 0 12 10 6 Printing Transactions 248 0 2 Printing and Stationery 31 12 7 Honorarium to Assistant Secretary 25 0 0 Rent 11 10 0 Postages and Sundry Expenses . . . 18 15 8 Lecturers' Expenses and Lantern 4 4 0 Fire Insurance 1 17 6 Books Purchased 5 16 6 Bank Interest and Charges 2 12 6 Purchase : £100 3^ per cent. War Stock 104 1 0

£466 0 5 THE LEICESTERSHIRE FUNDS ACCOUNT

£ s. d. General Reserve Fund (Value £1,029 Os. Od.) ... 980 6 4 Excursion Secretary's Account ...... 7 12 4 987 18 8 Less: Hon Treasurer's Account ...... 10 8 10

£977 9 10

SELWYN PARKINSON, A.C.A. Honorary Treasurer

TRUSTEES OF THE LEICESTERSHIRE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY LIEUT.-COLONEI, R. E. MARTIN, C.M.G., D.L. ALBERT HERBERT, "ESQ., F.S.A. S. H. SKII.UNGTON, ESQ. ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY **'• 31st December, 1937

£ s. d. £101 5 4 Leicester Corporation 3 per cent. Stock (value £97) 101 5 4 £250 0 0 Leicester Corporation 4f per cent. Stock 1945/55 (value £271) 246 2 9 £150 0 0 Z\ per cent. Conversion Loan 1961 (value £153) 121 4 9 £500 0 0 3£ per cent. War Loan (value £508) ... 511 13 6 Cash at Bank : Excursion Account 7 12 4 987 18 8 Less: Bank Overdraft 10 8 10

£977 9 10

I have examined the Funds Account dated December 31, 1937, and the Receipts and Payments Account for the year ending December 31, 1937, and certify such Accounts to be in accordance with the Books and Vouchers of the Society. I have satisfied myself that the Scrip of the above Investments is in the possession of the Bank. H. J. FRANCIS Honorary Auditor THE LEICESTERSHIRE RECEIPTS AND PAYMENTS ACCOUNT

£ s. d. To Balance at Bank ...... 110 6 3 Interest on £1,100 3£ per cent War Loan Gross 38 10 0 ,, Interest on £400 Leicester 4f per cent. Stock less Tax ...... 14 7 5 ,, Bank Interest ...... 0 13 7 ,, Income Tax reclaimed 1936/37 ...... 4 10 2

£168 7 5

FUNDS ACCOUNT

£ s. d. To present balance (value £1,720 7 5) ...... 1,701 1 4

£1,701 1 4

TRUSTEES OF THE LEICESTERSHIRE ARCHAEOLOGICAL RESEARCH FUND A. W. DEATH, JUNR., ESQ. {Treasurer} HUGH G. GOODACRE, ESQ. R. W. BEDINGFIELD, ESQ. ,, A. H. LEAVESLEY, ESQ. CHARLES SQUIRE, ESQ. ,, A. A. IRONSIDE, ESQ. ARCHAEOLOGICAL RESEARCH FUND «iii. for the Year ending 31st December, 1937

£ s. d. By Balance in Hand ...... 168 7 5

£168 7 5

31st December, 1937

£ s. d. By £1,100 0 0 3j per cent. War Loan (value £1,118) ...... 1,137 12 11 £400 0 0 Leicester 4f per cent. Stock 1945/55 (value £434) ...... 395 1 0 Cash at Bank ...... 168 7 5

£1,701 1 4

I have examined the Funds Account dated December 31, 1937, and the Receipts and Payments Account for the year ending December 31, 1937, and certify such accounts to be in accor­ dance with the Books and Vouchers of the Trustees of the Research Fund. I have satisfied myself that the Scrip of the above Investments is in the possession of the Bank.

H. J. FRANCIS Honorary Auditor

THE LEICESTERSHIRE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY

EIGHTY-FOURTH ANNUAL REPORT 1938

THE LEICESTERSHIRE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY

EIGHTY-FOURTH ANNUAL REPORT, 1938

YOUR Committee are happy to report that the Society continues to prosper and to gain in general esteem, and that the standard of its work, in all departments, has been more than adequately maintained. This is especially true of its publications, which constitute the most durable and important part of its endeavour. The most recent issue of Transactions, sent out to members at the end of last December, contains papers and instalments of papers on a variety of interesting subjects, and each of these is a sound and scholarly contribution to the history or archaeology of Leicestershire. Collectively, they represent a great deal of conscientious thought and diligence, and the writers of them are entitled to the gratitude of all who derive pleasure and profit from their efforts. The editorial sub-committee is fortunate in having been able to add to its hitherto small band of contributors such capable recruits as Mr. Levi Fox, Dr. R. W. Greaves, Mr. D. Holly and Dr. W. G. Hoskins, all of whom have been trained in the best schools of historical research, and Mrs. Skillington, whose writings have an individual character that makes them as readable as they are informative. Altogether, the Society is faring much better than seemed possible at the beginning of 1933, when it suffered the loss of Mr. George Farnham, who for so many years had led and inspired it. The following ladies and gentlemen were elected to member­ ship in the course of the year: In February : Miss Rhoda Bennett, University College, Leicester Mr. J. Kennair Peel, M.A., 6 Canterbury Terrace, Leicester Miss B. Hall, Beech House, St. James's Square, Cheltenham XXV111. LEICESTERSHIRE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY In March: The Rev. Canon B. H. Smith, M.C., M.A., The Vicarage, Enderby, Leicester Mr. J. Vaughan Williams, 41 Friar Lane, Leicester Mr. W. Arnold Viccars, The Homestead, Rothley, Leicester In June: The Rev. D. A. Adams, Twyford, Leicester Dr. W. A. Lisney, The Red House, Narborough, Leicester Mr. F. H. Briggs, Rocklands, Glebe Road, Leicester Mr. Laurence C. Headly, Woodhouse Eaves, Loughborough In July: The Rev. T. S. Stoney, The Vicarage, Thurnby, Leicester The Very Rev. H. A. Jones, B.Sc., Provost of Leicester, 263 London Road, Leicester Mr. D. Holly, 18 Gnoll Drive, Neath In August: Miss Adderley, Woodhouse Eaves, Loughborough In September: Capt. W. G. Coates, South Kilworth, Leicester There were nine resignations during the year, and the Society regrets the loss by death of Mr. J. 0. Bennett, Mr. Sydney Ansell Gimson, Mr. H. W. Hawkins, Mrs. Albert Herbert, Mrs. J. H. Paget, Dr. Reginald Pratt and Miss E. J. Sloane. These were all members of long standing and consistent supporters of the Society. Mr. Gimson was for some years an active member of the Committee.

Transactions

THE first part of volume xx of the Society's Transactions was issued to members a few days before the end of the year. Its contents are: i. Post-Medieval Cossington (continued), by Florence E. Skillington, with a genealogical table and photographic illustrations, ii. Wigston Magna Lay Subsidies, 1327 to 1599, by W. G. Hoskins, M.Sc. (Econ.), Ph.D. iii. The Rothley Cross-Shaft and the Sproxton Cross, by T. E. Routh, with photographic illustrations. REPORT XXIX. iv. Ministers' Accounts of the Honor of Leicester, 1322 to 1324 (continued), by l,evi Fox, B.A. (Oxon.), M.A. (Manch.), with documentary reproductions, v. A Ferrers Document of the Twelfth Century, by Eleanor Swift, M.A., with a photographic illustration, vi. The Domesday Geography of Leicestershire, with seventeen illustrative drawings, by D. Holly. Four of these items have perhaps been sufficiently noticed in the opening paragraph of this Report. The contributions by Miss Swift and Mr. Routh are welcome additions that will be duly appreciated. All the papers, besides being immediately interesting, are of permanent value. Professor Hamilton Thompson and his daughter are still at work upon the late Dr. M. R. James's erudite paper, Which will be published either this year or next, as circumstances dictate. The second part of volume xx is already in active preparation. Lectures DURING the year, two very good lectures were delivered at General Meetings held in the Church House, St. Martin's, I/eicester: 7th February : The Northern Frontier of the Roman Empire, by Mr. J. Kennair Peel, M.A. (Cantab.) 31st October: Odds and Ends of Architecture in and near Stamford, by Mr. H. F. Traylen, F.R.I.B.A., F.S.A. Good audiences assembled at both meetings, and in each case the lecturer was received with acclamation. Mr. Peel was favourably known as one of those who had worked persistently to ensure the preservation of the Jewry Wall site at Leicester, upon which Miss Kenyon had discovered important remains of the ancient Forum. He delivered his address in a most vivacious manner, and the interest he aroused was shown by the animated discussion that followed it. Mr. Traylen was welcomed as an old friend who on many previous occasions had contributed to the pleasure and enlightenment of the Society. He exhibited a large and varied selection of fine lantern slides, which he described with the deep and familiar understanding of his own neighbourhood for which he is noted. Mr. Irvine took the chair at the first meeting, and Mr. Albert Herbert at the second. XXX. LEICESTERSHIRE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY

Excursions

Two carefully planned summer excursions were organised by Mr. Ralph Bedingfield and his colleagues. The first of these was designed to help the Charnwood sub-committee of the Leicester­ shire County Council Regional Planning Committee to determine the extent and boundaries of the district known as Charnwood Forest, which for its beauty and associations is famous throughout England. With this end in view, the members of the special sub-committee and many representatives of the Planning Com­ mittee itself were invited to take part in the proceedings, which included a tour round the outskirts of the Forest and a visit to the ruins in Bradgate Park, as guests of the Society. A goodly number of these gentlemen availed themselves of the invitation, and on the afternoon of the 1st of June the joint party, travelling in private cars, met at the Parish Hall, Woodhouse Eaves, where the Society's General Meeting was held under the chairmanship of Colonel Martin, who acted as leader for the rest of the day. When the business of the meeting had been dispatched, excellent speeches were made by the chairman; Mr. Alien, of Messrs. Alien and Potter, the expert advisers of the Planning Committee; and Mr. William Keay. These addresses were listened to with great attention by the large and sympathetic audience, and several questions were asked and answered. Mr. Alien explained the aims of the Committee and the sub-committee, and the methods of friendly negotiation by which they sought to give effect to them without using their statutory powers any more than was absolutely necessary. The purpose of the Charnwood sub-committee is to carry out the following recommendation, which may be found on page 83 of The Leicestershire Regional Planning Report, a most interesting and useful book prepared by Mr. Alien's firm and published by them in 1932 : Charnwood Forest. This is a large area measuring about five by four miles; its surface is between sixteen and twenty miles. It is a charming district of undulating land with woodlands and streams, hills with panoramic view-points, ancient monuments and hamlets, the whole of which ought to be preserved as a National Park. The only way of preserving Charnwood as a National Park is to prevent the erection upon it of anything but farm buildings and REPORT XXXI. such reasonable extensions of existing villages as may be necessi­ tated by their natural growth. The established landowners of the district are understood to be unanimously in favour of preser­ vation, and it is hoped that the owners of more recently acquired lands will be_equally public-spirited. Immediately after the meeting, tea was served in an adjoining room. Then, in spite of the rain, which had been falling heavily most of the afternoon, the party started upon their drive round the Forest. As they neared Bradgate, the conditions improved, and it was fine enough for Colonel Martin to address them in the open and to show them over the remains of Bradgate House. With his usual felicity of phrase and manner, he explained what had been done by the trustees to conserve the portions still standing and to reveal the original lay-out. When the old mansion and the family chapel of the Greys had been thoroughly explored and inspected, the company broke up with many expressions of grati­ tude to Colonel Martin and the other speakers and organisers to whom thanks were due. In making the preliminary arrange­ ments, Mr. Bedingfield received valuable assistance from Mr. J. Vaughan Williams, the I/eicesters'hire representative of Messrs. Alien and Potter. The second excursion, taken on the 25th of July, was to Repton and Melbourne, and those who went upon it travelled in their own or their friends' private cars. The day was brilliant, and a large party assembled inside the archway of Repton School at 2.30 in the afternoon. They were shown over the school buildings by Mr. J. L. Crommelin-Brown, who knew them well and imparted his knowledge with enlivening wit and urbanity. They were afterwards conducted round the adjacent parish church of St. Wystan by the Rev. A. W. Fletcher, F.S.A., who also explained to them the various features of the remarkable Saxon crypt beneath the chancel. Both Mr. Fletcher and Mr. Crommelin-Brown were very kind, and their learned expositions were much appreciated. Tea was taken in the Cricket Pavilion. When this was finished, Archdeacon Hurrell was voted into the chair and the July meeting of the Society was held. When such business as was necessary had been completed, the Archdeacon made a delightfully genial speech, exactly suited to the occasion, at the end of which he moved a hearty vote of thanks to the Excursions Committee and their capable secretary. This was XXX11. LEICESTERSHIRE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETV

carried with applause, and suitably acknowledged by Mr. Beding- field. The party then left for Melbourne, where the noble eleventh-century church was shown to them by the Rev. R. John Morris, D.S.O., who proved to be a most admirable and courteous guide. Finally, at the kind invitation of Mrs. Andrew Kerr, they visited Melbourne Hall and spent an hour walking through the beautiful and extensive formal gardens in which it stands. The excursion was so much enjoyed, from beginning to end, that it must rank among the sub-committee's outstanding successes.

Excavations at the Jewry Wall Site, ]938 By Kathleen M. Kenyon, M.A., F.S.A. DURING the third season's excavations, the greater part of the central area of the Forum was cleared. For the first time evidence was obtained about the southern side of the Forum. It had been supposed.that, in accordance with the usual Roman plan, this would consist of a range of shops with internal and external verandahs, exactly similar to the north side. This was found not to be the case, however, and the similarity to the northern range stopped with the group of rooms in the south-east angle. West of that point only a single boundary wall was found, and the survival of the floor of the Forum period proved that no such range could ever have existed. Of the west side, nothing could be learnt, for it lay beyond the limit of the area. In view of the stereotyped plan of the ordinary Roman Forum, it is clear that there must have been some reason for this unusual and unbalanced lay-out. This proved to be the fact that several areas of unsound ground were found on the line of the southern range. Two of these adjoined the south-east rooms, and necessitated numerous repairs to the walls. Another lay further west, and was so serious that it was apparently decided that it was impossible to build over it, and the idea of a southern range of shops was therefore abandoned. In 1937, it had been discovered that a large bath building had been constructed across the middle of the Forum. Evidence then suggested that this had been done in the fourth century, but this was found to be misleading, and the date was in fact about the middle of the second century. This was not long after the REPORT XXX111. date of construction of the Forum, c. A.D. 120. It is thus clear that an incomplete Forum, such as circumstances had forced upon the builders, was not considered satisfactory, and within a comparatively short period it was replaced by another, possibly nearer High Cross Street. The open area thus available was used for the construction of the second most important building of a Roman town,, the public Baths, which were so planned as to avoid the unsound areas. The plan of these Baths has now been almost completely cleared; they consisted of the usual suites of cold, warm and hot rooms, with apparently a hot and cold plunge bath attached to each suite. They were bordered by a courtyard to the south and west, the successive refloorings of which produced evidence of continued use down to at least the beginning of the fourth cen­ tury. In one corner of the courtyard, a building was added at a later date, which may have supported a water tank. The season's excavations have thus produced some remark­ able evidence of the history of the town. In addition, a great amount of pottery has been found, and a number of other objects. Of these, the finest was undoubtedly a gold ring of the late second century, set with an intaglio representing three con­ joint bearded heads arranged to look like a bunch of grapes. It is hoped that clearance will be completed during the 1939 season.

The Corporation of Leicester, 1689-1836 By R. W. Greaves, M.A., D. Phil. (Oxford University Press, 1939, price 10/-)

By W. G. Hoskins, M.Sc. (Econ.), Ph.D., Oxon.

IN the Annual Report of the Society for 1937 I had occasion to remark that "Leicester and Leicestershire are indeed fortunate in their historians"; and here is yet another good book on the town during one of the most interesting periods of its history. The political history of Leicester from 1689 to 1836 is, however, of more than local interest, for, as Dr. Greaves says, the corpora­ tion became in the early nineteenth century "the most notorious of all corporations...... talked of by all political persons". More than any other town, Leicester reveals in its political history the XXXIV. LEICESTERSHIRE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY conflict of the old tory municipal oligarchy with the reformers, a conflict which could end only in one way however determined the resistance; for the corporation had stood still while the area of its jurisdiction had grown beyond recognition from a country town of five thousand people to a bustling industrial centre of forty thousand. Dr. Greaves' nine chapters cover every aspect of the town's history in this period in a thorough and painstaking manner. His work is based upon a wide variety of sources, both national and local, but to a very large extent upon the borough records which are, after 1688, as yet uncalendared and hardly known. Indeed, such a book as this, which owes so much to local records of all kinds, shows how necessary it is that local records, both in the city and in the county, should be made more widely known. It is a most regrettable deficiency in a county so well provided for in all other respects for historical enquiry, and which obviously takes an interest in its own past, that there should be no Record Society to publish the more interesting of these records at regular intervals. Without a single exception, every county around our borders has its Record Society, most of them known far beyond their own confines; there is indeed hardly a county in England which has not such a Society. We have none; yet the wealth of records in Leicester alone, both- municipal and parochial, is great; while in the county there are masses of material of the utmost interest perishing for lack of attention. With all the excellent books that have appeared of recent years upon the history of town and country in Leicestershire, it is still true to say that we have only just begun to write local history. In this great task a Record Society could play a distinct part, by making accessible to all of us the most valuable of the raw material without which history cannot be written. This digression is provoked by the excellent use which Dr. Greaves has made of the abundant sources he has found locally, the extent and nature of which, may be gauged by the two pages of manuscript authorities which he prints from Leicester alone. The early chapters of his book are devoted to examining the relationship between town and corporation,, in which the seeds of strife are observed to be sown before 1689 : in the town protestant nonconformity was strong in 1689 and became much stronger, but the corporation had become "a clearly tory body" by the REPORT XXXV.

opening of the story and remained so until its dissolution. We have here, too, an account of the administrative side of the town's history in the eighteenth century which is of greatest interest to all who know something of modern methods of local government. Some things are familiar to us to-day, others have, fortunately, passed away: chiefly "the vast quantity of work resting on the shoulders of honorary and unprofessional officers who, though they were commonly not unconscientious, were often- muddled and inevitably incompetent". The old corporation, a close body responsible only to itself, strove "to adapt an inherited system of unpaid and compulsory service...... to the great changes that took place between 1688 and 1835", but it was bound to fail with the poor administrative and financial equipment at its command. Succeeding chapters discuss the borough magistracy, who formed the most important group within the corporation and who had a closer connection with the social services of the town; but they too failed to provide a minimum of elementary services for the growing town, mainly because of parochial opposition. Dr. Greaves is particularly interesting on the subject of the economic policy of the corporation. He shows how in Leicester, as in the country generally, the Elizabethan and Stuart code of economic regulation was rapidly breaking down. Apprenticeship regulations were increasingly disregarded, and this too "reduced the importance of the corporation in local economic life"; the framework knitting industry was growing fast and with it the power of the hosiers, the wealthiest of whom were nonconformists, another source for the mutual dislike of the corporation and the new industrial interests. For the corporation usually antagonised the great hosiers in controversial matters by supporting the reactionary policy of regulation which defended the small man against the full force of the intensely competitive economic sys­ tem that was now taking shape. In the matter of fairs, markets, and the corporation lands, they showed more enlightenment, though merely because it paid them to do so. Thus over the enclosure of the South Field, the corporation sided with the greater against the smaller men and there was much opposition at times from the freemen; but in the first seven years after the enclosure the rents from this property doubled. Moreover, by removing common rights in this part of the fields the spread of XXXVI. LEICESTERSHIRE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY the town southwards was greatly facilitated and the building of new streets added constantly to the corporation's revenue. In 1699 they were getting rather more than six hundred a year in rents; in the 1830's more than three thousand seven hundred. The corporation was wealthy and uncontrolled; it could do as it pleased with its property, and it did, to the anger of the reformers. A good deal of business went on in these days that would not bear a close examination; the old corporation occasionally resembled nothing more than a sort of Club for Mutual Enrichment. Leicester has been a strongly radical town for some two centuries or more, a fact which has always interested the political historian, and two good chapters of Dr. Greaves' book are occupied with the story of the consolidation of the radical attack from 1790 to 1830, and its slow but final victory from 1830 to 1836, despite the stout resistance of the scoundrelly town clerk Burbidge, who lost everything he held dear, including a fat income, when the reformers won the day. Under the new Act of 1835 the old corporation disappeared and the elections returned such people as the Pagets, the Coltmans and the Brewins leaders of the business community in place of the few old tory families who had mismanaged the town's affairs with so much expensive conviviality for so long. And so, says Dr. Greaves, "English town government made a new start, under conditions that seemed to some optimistic Victorians to -promise a future of greater free­ dom and comfort than had been afforded by the unenlightened past". Dr. Greaves' book is a good piece of work which may be com­ mended to all who are interested in the past of Leicester. If it has any fault, it is that too much good material is packed into too small a space, so that one misses, especially in the first part of the book, some local colour and lively human detail which would have lightened our reading in places and carried us back more surely to the^spacious and unsalubrious days of the eighteenth century and the first generation of the nineteenth. Occasionally, too, one feels that a more skilful running-together of footnote references would have made for smoother reading; and there are two misprints (on p. 19 adopt for adapt, and on p. 103 Darker is called James, but John in the index). These, however, are very minor blemishes in a sound and careful study of an interesting subject.

THE LEICESTERSHIRE RECEIPTS AND PAYMENTS ACCOUNT

RECEIPTS £ s. d. To Subscriptions and donations ...... 264 6 0 Sale of Books ...... 1 16 0 ,, Interest on £101 5s. 4d. Leicester 3 per cent. Stock less Tax ...... 249 ,, Interest on £250 Os. Od. Leicester 4f per cent. Stock less Tax ...... 8 15 2 ,, Interest on £150 Os. Od. 3i per cent. Conversion Loan less Tax ...... 3 17 6 Interest on £500 Os. Od. 3i per cent. War Loan Gross ...... 17 10 0 Income Tax reclaimed 1937/38 ...... 508 ,,, Receipts from Sale of Professor Hamilton Thompson's Book ...... 6818 0 Amount received from the Leicestershire Archaeological Research Fund for excavations not yet executed ...... 50 0 0 .. Balance overdrawn ...... 210 3 6

£632 11 7 ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY *««• for the Year ending 31st December, 1938

PAYMENTS £ s. d. £ s. d. By Balance overdrawn 10 8 10

»1 Subscriptions :

J» Archaeological Congress ... 1 0 0

Jl Canterbury and York Society 1 1 0

» Lincoln Record Society 1 1 0

» English Place Name Society 0 15 0

1 | British Record Society 1 11 6

> t Society for the Protection of Ancient Buildings

Jl Council for the Preservation of Rural England 1 1 0 7 10

l> Printing Transactions 285 9 3 Printing and Stationery . . . 11 13 6 Jl 0 )) Honorarium to Assistant Secretary 25 0 Rent 11 10 0 l» 19 6 M Postages and Sundry Expenses ... 14 Lecturers' Expenses and Lantern ... 2 6 0 l> 6 J) Fire Insurance 1 17 "Dsw\tc "Pnt"r*li5icp/"l 0 II 1 19 Bank Interest and Charges 2 12 6 1) and JJ Publication Costs re "Newarke Hospital College" by Professor Hamilton Thompson, M.A,, D.Litt., F.S.A. 207 5 0 50 0 0 »t Balance in hand on Research Fund Account . . .

£632 11 7 THE LEICESTERSHIRE FUNDS ACCOUNT

£ s. d. General Reserve Fund (Value £1,000 Os. Od.) ... 980 6 4 Excursion Secretary's Account ...... 864

988 12 8 Less: Hon. Treasurer's Account ...... 210 3 6

£778 9 2

SEWYX PARKIXSON, A.C.A. Honorary Treasurer

TRUSTEES OF THE LEICESTERSHIRE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY LiEUT.-Coi.ONEL SIR ROBERT MARTIN, C.M.G., D.L ALBERT HERBERT, ESQ.,F.S.A. S.H. SKII.LINGTON,ESQ.,F.S.A. ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY 31st December, *1938

£ s. d. £101 5 4 Leicester Corporation 3 per cent. Stock (Value £95) 101 5 4 £250 0 0 Leicester Corporation 4f per cent. Stock 1945/55 (Value £267) ... 246 2 9 £150 0 0 3j per cent. Conversion Loan 1961 (Value £148) 121 4 9 £500 0 0 3$ per cent. War Loan (Value £490) ... 511 13 6 Cash at Bank: Excursion Account 8 6 4 988 12 8 Less: Bank Overdraft 210 3 6

£778 9 2

I have examined the Funds Account dated December 31, 1938, and the Receipts and Payments Account for the year ending December 31,1938, and certify such accounts to be in accordance with the Books and Vouchers of the Society. I have satisfied myself that the Scrip of the above Investments is in the possession of the Bank.

H. J. FRANCIS Honorary Auditor xiii. THE LEICESTERSHIRE ___ RECEIPTS AND PAYMENTS ACCOUNT

£ s. cl. To Balance at Bank ...... 168 7 5 ,, Interest on £1,250 3i per cent. War Loan Gross 43 15 0 ,, Interest on £400 Leicester 4f per cent. Stock less Tax ...... 14 0 3 ,, Bank Interest ...... 030 Income Tax reclaimed 1937/38 ...... 4 15 0

£231 0 8

FUNDS ACCOUNT

£ s. d. To Present Balance (Value £1,730 2s. 2d.) ... 1,76314 7

£1,763 14 7

TRUSTEES OF THE LEICESTERSHIRE ARCHAEOLOGICAL RESEARCH FUND A. W. DEATH, JUNR., ESQ. (Treasurer) HUGH G. GOODACRE, ESQ. R. W. BEDINGFIELD, ESQ. ,, A. H. LEAVESLEY, ESQ. CHARLES SQUIRE, ESQ. ,, A. A. IRONSIDE, ESQ. ARCHAEOLOGICAL RESEARCH FUND xiiii. for the Year ending 31st December, 1938

£ s. .!. By Purchase of £150 3i per cent. War Stock ... 15518 6 ,, Amount paid to the Leicestershire Archaeological Society for excavations not yet executed ... 50 0 0 Balance in Hand ...... 25 2 2

£231 0 8

31st December, 1938

£ s. d. By £1,250 3| per cent. War Loan (Value £1,227) 1,293 11 5 ,, £400 4f per cent. Leicester Stock 1945/55 (Value £428) ...... 395 1 0 Cash at Bank ...... 25 2 2 ,, Cash in the hands of the Leicestershire Archaeological Society ...... 50 0 0

£1,763 14 7

I have examined the Funds Account dated December 31, 1938, and the Receipts and Payments Account for the year ending December 31, 1938, and certify such accounts to be in accor­ dance with the Books and Vouchers of the Trustees of the Research Fund. I have satisfied myself that the Scrip of the above Investments is in the possession of the Bank.

H. J. FRANCIS Honorary Auditor

THE LEICESTERSHIRE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY 1938-39 PATRON His GRACE THE DUKE OF RUTLAND, F.S.A. PRESIDENT A. HAMILTON THOMPSON, ESQ., C.B.E., M.A., D.LiTT., F.B.A., F.S.A. VICE-PRESIDENTS THE HIGH SHERIFF OF LEICESTERSHIRE THE RIGHT WORSHIPFUL THE LORD MAYOR OF LEICESTER THE RIGHT REVEREND THE LORD BISHOP OF LEICESTER, D.D. THE RIGHT HONORABLE LORD BRAYE SIR ARTHUR HAZLERIGG, BT., His MAJESTY'S LIEUTENANT FOR LEICESTERSHIRE W. A. BROCKINGTON, ESQ., O.B.E., M.A. THE VENERABLE THE ARCHDEACON OF LEICESTER THE VENERABLE THE ARCHDEACON OF LOUGHBOROUGH LT.-COL. SIR ROBERT MARTIN, C.M.G., D.L. HUGH G. GOODACRE, ESQ. C. B. MARRIOTT, ESQ., K.C. W. LINDSAY EVERARD, ESQ., M.P. C. S. BIGG, ESQ., M.A. C. D. B. ELLIS, ESQ., M.C., M.A. ALBERT HERBERT, ESQ., F.R.I.B.A., F.S.A. VICTOR POCHIN, ESQ. THE REV. CANON DEVEREUX, M.A., LL.B. THE REV. W. A. KING, M.A. COMMITTEE Elected March, 1937 THE HON. SECRETARIES W. KEAY, ESQ., M.INST, C.E. THE HON. LOCAL SECRETARIES THE REV. W. A. KING, M.A. THE HON TREASURER A. H. LEAVESLEY, ESQ. J. ALLEN, ESQ. LT.-COL. SIR ROBERT MARTIN, R. W. BEDINGFIELD, ESQ., A.R.I.B.A. C.M.G., D.L. WALTER BRAND, ESQ., F.R.I.B.A. W. H. RIPPIN, ESQ. THE REV. CANON J. CASSON, M.A. S. RUSSELL, ESQ. MRS. PERCY GEE DR. N. I. SPRIGGS, M.D., F.R.C.S. A. HERBERT, ESQ., F.R.I.B.A., F.S.A. ALDERMAN C. SQUIRE W. G. HOSKINS, ESQ., M.Sc., G. KEITH THOMSON, ESQ., M.A., (EcoN.), PH.D. M.LITT. Miss W. HUMBERSTONE ARNOLD VICCARS, ESQ. A. A. IRONSIDE, ESQ. Miss ETHEL J. WINDLEY, B.A. L. H. IRVINE, ESQ., M.B.E., M.A. SUB-COMMITTEES (1) Publications and General Purposes H. J. FRANCIS, ESQ., A.C.A. S. H. SKILLINGTON, ESQ., F.S.A. A HERBERT, ESQ., F.R.I.B.A., G. KEITH THOMSON, ESQ., M.A., F.S.A. M.LITT. LT.-COL. SIR ROBERT MARTIN, C.M.G., D.L. (2) Excursion R. W. BEDINGFIELD, ESQ., W. G. HOSKINS, ESQ., M.Sc., A.R.I.B.A. (EcoN.), PH.D. W. BRAND, ESQ., F.R.I.B.A. S. RUSSELL. ESQ. Miss W. HUMBERSTONE xlvi. LEICESTERSHIRE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY

HON. LOCAL SECRETARIES Ashby-de-la-Zouch District Loughborough District LEONARD FOSBROOKE, ESQ. Ravenstone Hall, Leicester Castle Donington District Lutterworth District DR. D. J. BEDFORD, HUGH GEORGE GOODACRE, ESQ., Kegworth, Derby Ullesthorpe Court, Rugby Hinckley District Market Harborough District H. J. FRANCIS, ESQ., A.C.A., St. Martin's East, Leicester Melton Mowbray District THE REV. D. A. ADAMS, Twyford Vicarage, Melton Mowbray. HON. SECRETARIES S. H. SKILLINGTON, ESQ., F.S.A., 20 Victoria Park Road, Leicester ANTHONY HERBERT, ESQ., A.R.I.B.A., 18 Friar Lane, Leicester HON. LIBRARIAN L. H. IRVINE, ESQ., M.B.E., M.A., County Club, Leicester ASSISTANT SECRETARY AND LIBRARIAN MISS J. BINNS, 34 Humberstone Road, Leicester HON. TREASURER S. PARKINSON, ESQ., A.C.A., 14 Millstone Lane, Leicester HON. AUDITOR G KEITH THOMSON, ESQ., M.A., M.LiTT., Rawlins Grammar School, Quorn, Longhborough REPRESENTATIVE ON THE LOCAL BRANCH OF THE COUNCIL FOR THE PRESERVATION OF RURAL ENGLAND CLAUD BENNION, ESQ., Billesdon Coplow, Leicester TRUSTEES OF THE LEICESTERSHIRE ARCHAEOLOGICAL RESEARCH FUND HUGH GEORGE GOODACRE, ESQ. RALPH W. BEDINGFIELD, ESQ., (Treasurer) A.R.I.B.A. ALBERT H. LEAVESLEY, ESQ. A. A. IRONSIDE, Esq. ALDERMAN C. SQUIRE (Treasurer) TRUSTEES OF THE LEICESTERSHIRE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY ALBERT HERBERT, ESQ., F.R.I.B.A., LT.-COL. SIR ROBERT MARTIN, F.S.A. C.M.G., D.L. S. H. SKILLINGTON, ESQ, F.S.A. HONORARY MEMBERS J. A. GOTCH, ESQ., F.S.A., Kettering A HAMILTON THOMPSON, ESQ., Miss KATHLEEN M. KENYON, M.A., C.B.E., M.A., D.LITT., F.B.A., F.S.A., Kirkstead, Godstone, F.S.A., 7 Beaufort Mansions, Surrey London, S.W.8 LIST OF MEMBERS xlvii.

SUBSCRIBING MEMBERS Adams, Rev. D. A., Twyford Vicar­ Bown, Mrs. Arthur, The Homestead, age, Twyford, near Melton Houghton-on-the-Hill, near Mowbray Leicester Adcock, Miss, Roman Road, Birstall, Brand, W., Esq., F.R.I.B.A., 170 Leicester Upper New Walk, Leicester Adderley, Miss, Woodhouse Eaves Briggs, F. H., Esq., Rocklands, Alien, Joseph, Esq., 187 Hinckley Glebe Road, Leicester Road, Leicester Brockington, Major, W. A., O.B.E., Ashwell, F. A. EHis, Esq., 87 Pem­ M.A., Grey Friars, Leicester broke Square, W. 8 Burford, Rev. J. W., The Rectory, Alien, E. G. & Son, Ltd., 12 & 14 Stoney Stanton Grape Street, Shaftesbury Burns-Hartopp, Lt. Col. J., D.L., Avenue, W.C.2 J.P., Burton Lazars, Melton Austin, W., Esq., Amberstones, Mowbray Horninghold, Harket Harborough Burton, H. H., Esq., Stone House, Market Harborough

Bailey, W. H., Esq., The Manor House, Kingston St. Mary, Cable, George, Esq., 22 Princess Rd., Taunton Leicester Backus, Edgar, Esq., 46 Cank Street, Carryer, Mrs. C. B., Sandown, Ash- Leicester field Road, Leicester Bailey, C. F., Esq., 20 Highcross Casson, Rev. Canon J., M.A., R.D., Street, Leicester Croft Rectory, Leicester Beardsley, W. F. Bent, Esq., New Catto, Mrs. K., Brook Cottage, Quorn House, Loughborough Horninghold, near Leicester Beardsley, Mrs., New Quorn House, Chapman, J., Jnn., Esq., Yew Lodge, Quorn, Loughborough Chapel Lane, Knighton, Leicester Bedford, Dr. D. J., Kegworth, Derby (Hon. Local Secretary) Chicago University Library, Chicago, Bedingfield, R. W., Esq., A.R.I.B.A.. U.S.A. Ringwood, Kirby Muxloe Choyce, Leopold, Esq., Ashford, Bedingfield, W. K., Esq., F.R.I.B.A., P.O. Westford Bridge, via Museum Square, Leicester George Cape Province, Belgrave, Miss V., Meadow Toft, South Africa North Kilworth, Rugby Clarke, A. Bernard, Esq., 12 Tempest Belgrave, Col. H., Netherhall Road, Birstall, Leicester Cottage, North Kilworth, Rugby Cleveland Public Library, 325 Bell, Lemuel, Esq., Guildhall Lane, Superior Avenue, N.E. Cleve­ Leicester land, Ohio, U.S.A. Bennett, Miss Rhoda, 112a Regent Coates, Captain W. G., Road, Leicester The Timbered House, Bennion, Claud, Esq., Billesdon South Kilworth Coplow, Leicester Coleman, W., Esq., The Lindens, Bei-ridge, Miss M. M., 130 New Walk Stoughton Road, Oadby, Leicester Leicester Eigg, C. S., Esq., M.A., Friar Lane, Corah, J. H., Esq., St. Margaret's Leicester Works, Leicester Billings, W. K., Esq., 32 St. James's Corah, J. Reginald, Esq., The Cleeve, Road, Leicester Knighton Grange Rd., Leicester Birmingham Public Libraries (Refer­ ence Department) per H. M. Cashmore, Esq. Black, J. W. Esq., Knighton Hayes, Dalley, Miss Lilian, 7 Spinney Rise, Ratcliffe Road, Leicester Birstall, Leicester Blunt, J. W., Esq., M.A., Port Hill, Davenport, Percy, Esq., Chesney, Blaby, Leicester Oak Tree Close, Stanmore xlviii. LEICESTERSHIRE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY Deane, H. J., Esq., Highfield, Ashby Gardiner, J. J., Esq., 194 Welford Road, Loughborough Road, Leicester Death, A. W., Junr., Esq., A.C.A. Gardner, C. G., Esq., 14 Millstone Lane, Leicester Grange Cottage, Lindley, near Devereux, Rev. Canon, Kegworth Nuneaton Rectory, Derby Gee, C. H., Esq., Chalfonts, Driver, Jas. F., Esq., M.I.E.E., Westminster Road, Leicester Technical College, Loughborough Gee, Capt. G. C. G., Upland, Rothley. Leicester Gee, H. Percy, Esq., Birnam House, Elgood, George S., Esq., R.I., Ratclifie Road, Leicester Knockwood, Tenterden, Kent Gee, Mrs. H. Percy, Birnam House, Elliott, Mrs. C. A. B., The Orchards, Ratclifie Road, Leicester Oadby, Leicester Gimson, Harry H., Esq., Daneway, Ellis, Bernard, Esq., Church Leys, Swithland" Lane, Rothley, Rearsby, Leicester Leicester Ellis, G. E., Esq., Peckleton Rise, Gimson, J. R., Esq., 90 Sparkenhoe Leicester Forest West, Desford, Street, Leicester Leicester Goadby, Miss Flora S., 45 Spring­ Ellis, Kenneth Pearce, Esq., Wood- field Road, Leicester close, Quorn, Longhborough Goddard, Major H. L., F.R.I.B.A., Ellis, Colin D. B., Esq., M.C., M.A., Newton Harcourt, Leicester Bensclifie House, Ulverscroft, Goodacre, Hugh G., Esq., Markfield Ullesthorpe Court, Nr. Rugby Evans, Miss Rosa, Mansfield Lodge, (Hon. Local Secretary) Quorn, Loughborough Goodacre, J. F. J., Esq., Everard, Bernard, Esq., B.A., Bardon 19 Park Street, Worksop, Notts. House, Bardon Hill, Leicester Goodman, Rev. W. Edgar, M.A., Everard, Mrs. Bernard, Bardon Copt Oak Vicarage, Markfield House, Bardon Hill, Leicester Gordin, George, Esq., 53 Lancashire Everard, Sir W. Lindsay, Ratclifie Street, Melton Road, Leicester Hall, Leicester Graham, J. R., Esq., 16 Barrington Road, Leicester Greaves, Robert, Esq., Bedford Peaks, Chas. E., Esq., 44 Stretton College, Regents Park, London Road, Leicester Green, G. E., Esq., B.A., Farndon, Fisher, Miss Edith M., Toller Road, Leicester 14 De Montfort Street, Leicester Grundy, P. H.. Esq., 1 Museum Fisher, H. D., Esq., Belmont House Square, Leicester De Montfort Street, Leicester Flack, G. Ellis, Esq., Librarian, University College, Nottingham Hall, Mrs. E. L., 29 Gotham Street, Ford, T. H., Esq., The Gables, Salis­ Leicester bury Road, Leicester Hall, W. T., Esq., M.B.E., Rose Fosbrooke, Leonard, Esq., Raven- Cottage, Medmenham, Marlow stone Hall, Nr. Leicester Harrison, J. L., Esq., 40 Queen's (Hon. Local Secretary) Road, Leicester Fox, Levi, Esq., M.A., 50 Queen Harrison, J. Stockdale, Esq., Isabel's Avenue, Cheylesrnore, A.R.I.B.A., St. Martin's East, Coventry Leicester Francis, H. J., Esq., Harrison, Shirley, Esq., A.R.I.B.A., 17 Stoneygate Road, Leicester St. Martin's East, Leicester (Hon. Local Secretary) Haswell, G. F., Esq., High Street, Freer, Edward, Esq., 10 New Street, Lutterworth Leicester Hazlerigg, Sir Arthur Grey, Bart., Freer, William, Esq., Wellington Noseley Hall, Leicester Street, Leicester (Vice-President) Headly, Laurence C., Esq., Galloway, J. B., Esq., Brown Hill, House-on-the-Hill, Rothley, Leicester Woodhouse Eaves LIST OF MEMBERS xlix.

Henry, Dr. J. R., M.B., B.Ch., Jones, C. W., Esq., Crafers, Markyate House, Narborough, Beechfield Avenue, Birstall, Leicester Leicester Henry E. Huntingdon Library and Jones, The Very Rev. H. A., Provost Art Gallery, San Marino, of Leicester, Provost's House, California, U.S.A. 263 London Road, Leicester Herbert, Mrs. S., Ill Princess Road, Leicester Herbert, Albert, Esq., F.R.I.B.A., Keay, Wm., Esq., M.Inst. C.E., F.S.A., 18 Friar Lane, Leicester 6 Millstone Lane, Leicester Herbert, Anthony, Esq., A.R.I.B.A., Keely, Miss, 8 Stoneygate Road, 18 Friar Lane, Leicester Leicester Herbert, Sydney, F., Esq., Millstone Kendle, G. E., Esq., O.B.E., Lane, Leicester F.R.I.B.A., Pinfold, Lammas Hibbert, Rev. H. V., Enderby Lane, Esher, Surrey Vicarage, Leicester King, Rev. W. A., Garats Hay, Hind, A. H., Esq., F.R.I.B.A., Grey Loughborongh Friars, Leicester Kingdom, Thomas, Esq., M.A., Hodgkinson, Major J. G., The Grove, Wyggeston Boys' School, Kirby Fields, Leicester Leicester Holly, D. Esq., 18 Gnoll Drive, Neath Hoskins,W.G.,Esq., M.Sc., (Econ.), Ph.D., 23 Shanklin Avenue, Leavesley, A. H., Esq., Ratcliffe Leicester Lodge, Ratcliffe Road, Leicester Hoskins, Rev. J. P., 18 Rutland Leavesley, Mrs. A. H., Ratcliffe Terrace, Stamford Lodge, Ratcliffe Road. Leicester Houston, K. E., Esq., St. Bernards, Leicester Museum and Art Gallery, Rothley, Leicester per E. E. Lowe, Esq., Director Houston, Mrs., St. Bernards, Leicester Society of Architects, per Rothley, Leicester G. A. Cope, Esq., 22 Friar Lane, Hnmberstone, Miss W., Devana, Leicester The Oval, New Walk, Leicester Leicester, The Right Rev. the Lord Hunt, G. Harold, Esq., White Bishop of, D.D., The Bishop's Chimney, Cheveney Road, House, Leicester Quorn, Loughborough (Vice-President} Hnrrell The Ven. Archdeacon, W. P., Leicestershire County Library, M.A., St. Helier, Knighton Rise, New Street Leicester Le Patourel, Dr. J., University Col­ lege, Leicester Librarian, The, University College, Inglesant, Harold E., Esq., The Old Leicester Vicarage, Scraptoft, near Lilley, Dr. E. Lewis, M.B., F.R.C.S., Leicester New Walk, Leicester Ironside, A. A., Esq., Bowling Green Lisney, Dr. W. A., Red House, Street, Leicester Narborough Irvine, Capt. L. H., M.B.E., M.A., Longden, Geoffrey Appleby, Esq., County Club, Leicester Draycott Lodge, near Derby Ison, Rev. A. J., B.A., Hoton, Loughborough Macleod. Dr. A. L., M.A., 121 London Road, Leicester Jarrom, F. D., Esq., Lochay, MacNaughton, Mrs., St. Andrews, Spencefield Lane, Leicester Spencefield Lane, Leicester Jarvis, W. B., Esq., Treroose, Marriott, C. B., Esq., K.C., Manor Road, Leicester 25 Berkeley Square, Jellis, T. Montagu, Esq., Stamford London, W.I House, Syston Martin, Lt. Col. Sir Robert, C.M.G., Jenner, H. T., Esq., Peckleton Lane, D.L., The Brand, Loughborongh Desford (Vice-President) 1. LEICESTERSHIRE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY Martin, The Hon. Lady, Peel, J. K., Esq., M.A., Cantab., The Brand, Longhborough 6 Canterbury Terrace, Leicester Martin, Mrs., The Holt, Woodhouse, Pick, Capt. A. B., Greendale, Loughborough Leicester Forest East Martin, Mrs. Charles, Kinchley Pickard, J. G., Esq., Aigbnrth, Manor House, Rothley, Leicester Road, Leicester McAlpin, Mrs., Kenneth, 19 Wood­ Picketing, A. J., Esq., F.G.S., Abbey land Avenue, Leicester Craig, Hinckley McMillan, Mrs. A. M., The Lodge, Plummer, A. Bertram, Esq., Bitteswell, Nr. Rugby 3 Granby Street, Leicester Minnesota University Library, Pochin, Herbert, Esq., Granby Street, Minneapolis, Minn., U.S.A. Leicester Morcom, J. H., Esq., The Newarke, Pochin, Mrs. G. E., Three Ways, Leicester Ashfield Road, Leicester Morley, Frederick H., Esq., Pochin, Victor, Esq., Barkby Hall, 154 New Walk, Leicester Leicester Musson, Miss F. K., Rooftree Cottage, Pocock, Rev. S. R., Peckleton Hoby, near Leicester Rectory, Leicester Public Record Office, Chancery Lane, London, W.C.2. per H.M. Sta­ tionery Office, Princes Street, New England Historic and Genea­ Westminster logical Society, 9 Ashburton Purnell, Walter H., Esq., Burton Place, Boston, Mass., U.S.A. Walks, Loughborongh New York Public Library, U.S.A. c/o Stevens& Brown, Ltd., 28-30 Little Russell Street, London, W.C.I Randle, Ernest, Esq., The Nook, Priesthills, Hinckley Newberry (The) Library, Chicago, Read, A. W., Esq., 10 Westcotes U.S.A. Drive. Leicester c/o Stevens & Brown, Ltd., Reed, Rev. Arthur T., Claybrooke 28-30 Little Russell Street, Rectory, Rugby London, W.C.I Rimingtoii, Thomas, Esq., Noel, Mrs. H., Blaby Hill, Leicester Horsefair Street, Leicester North, W. A., Esq., Keythorpe Hall, Rippin, W. H., Esq., The Newarke, Tugby, near Leicester Leicester Rowlett, Alfred Ernest, Esq., Carisbrooke, London Road, Leicester Oliver, Lady, The Firs, London Road, Rowley, J. W., Esq., Charnwood, Leicester Kirby Mnxloe Oliver, Miss Maud, 162 London Road, Rudd, Mrs. M. E., Stoneygate Leicester School, Leicester Russell, P., Esq., 8 New Street, Leicester Packe, Col. E. C., Gt. Glen Hall, Russell, S. Esq., 21 Meadhnrst Road, Leicester Leicester Parkinson, S., Esq., A.C.A., Rutland, His Grace the Duke of, 14 Millstone Lane, Leicester F.S.A. (Patron), Belvoir Castle, (Hon. Treasurer) Grantham Parr, A. A., Esq., Aylestone House, Aylestone, Leicester Parsons, I. Hardy, Esq., Kibworth, Sarson, Col. J. E., D.L., V.D., Come, Leicester Woodland Avenue, Leicester Parsons, John, Esq., Friar Lane, Schofield, Dr. H., Ph.D. (Lond.), Leicester Technical College, Lough- Payne, Rev. Canon F.R.C., O.B.E., borough M.A., Market Bosworth, Seal, Harry, Esq.,Ullesthorpe House, Nuneaton Nr. Rugby LIST OF MEMBERS 11.

Seal, Mrs. H., UllestMbrpe House, Thomson, G. Keith, Esq., M.A., nr. Rugby M.Litt., Rawlins Grammar Serjeantson, Major, C. M., O.B.E., School, Quorn, Loughborough Kirby Muxloe, Leicester Thomson, Mrs. G. Keith, Sharman, A. M., Esq., 69 Church Rawlins Grammar School, Gate, Leicester Quorn, Loughborough Shorthose-Smith, A. T., Esq., Thornley, Arthur, Esq., Bowling Roundhill Lodge, Syston, Green Street, Leicester Leicester Thornley, W. W., Esq., Bowling Simpson, J. Woodhouse, Esq., Green Street, Leicester 10 St. Mary's Road, Leicester Tollemache, Sir Lyonel F.C.E., Bart., Skillington, H. W., Esq., 22 Friar Buckminster Park, Grantham Lane, Leicester Toplis, Rev. H. F., Bitteswell Skillington, S. H., Esq., F.S.A. Vicarage, Nr. Rugby (Hon. Secretary), 20 Victoria Towle, T. P., Esq., Clarence Street, Park Road, Leicester Loughborough Skillington, Mrs. S. H., 20 Victoria Traylen, H. F., Esq., F.R.I.B.A., Park Road, Leicester F.S.A., 16 Broad Street, Sloane, Miss S. Kate, 8 University Stamford Road, Leicester Turner, A., Esq., J.P., Brock's Hill, Smith, R. Stuart, Esq., Thornhill, Oadby, Leicester Hamilton Drive, Melton Turner, G. C., Esq., Abbotts Oak, Mowbrav Whitwick, Leicester Smith, Rev.'Canon B.A., M.C., M.A., Tyler, A. E., Esq., The Elms, Quorn, Blaby Rectory, Blaby, near Loughborough Leicester Smith, W. Roy, Esq., 6 Waterloo St., Leicester Vaughan Williams, J., Esq., Spencer, A. A., Esq., 36 Friar Lane, c/o Messrs. Alien & Potter, Leicester 41 Friar Lane, Leicester Spriggs, Dr. N. I., M.D., F.R.C.S., Viccars, Arnold, Esq., 156 London Road, Leicester The Homestead, Rothley Squire, Charles, Esq., Registrar's Viccars, Chambers, County Court Offices, Mrs. Arnold, The Homestead, Newarke Street, Leicester Rothley, Leicester Stafford, Miss, 102 New Walk, Leicester Stanger, W., Esq., New Bridge St., Walker, A. E., Esq., 12 Ashleigh Rd., Leicester Leicester Stevenson, John, Esq., Stamford Ward, George, Esq., Barwell, House, Countess Wear, Exeter Leicester Stoney, Rev. T. S., Thurnby Vicar­ Warner, Dr. A., The Cottage, Des- age, Thurnby, Leicester ford, Leicester Wells, E. E., Esq., Kegworth, Derby Tabor, A. L., Esq., 114 Avenue Road, Whatmore, Arthur W., Esq., Extension, Leicester Marshwood, Burton Road, Taylor, E. Denison, Esq., Bnckland, Ashby-de-la-Zonch Burton Walks, Longhborough Wilford, W. E., Esq., Charles St., Taylor, Miss E-, The Woodlands, Leicester Birstall, Leicester Williams, E. J., Esq., F.R.I.B.A., Taylor, Mrs. A. L., Grey Gables, 13 New Street, Leicester Narborough, Leicester Wilshere, Miss M. V., Guillet Close, Taylor, Stephen Oliver, Esq., Kirby Muxloe, Leicester 34 Nelson Street, Leicester Wilshere', H. O., Esq., Greenways, Taylor, H. M., Esq., 64 Brockhurst Kirby Muxloe, Leicester Road, Ward End, Birmingham 8 Wilson, Charles, Esq., Fernleigh, Tennant, The Hon. Mrs., St. Anne's Mountsorrel, Loughborough Manor, Button Bonington, Windley, Mrs. Ethel J., B.A., Loughborough 12 Guilford Road, Leicester Hi. LEICESTERSHIRE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY

Woodhouse, V. M., Esq., Wycliffe Young, Rev. C. E., B.A., B.C.L., The Street, Leicester Rectory, Ratcliffe-on-the-Wreake, Woodrow, S. M. ( Esq., Foston House, Leicester Foston, Countesthorpe, Young, Mrs. W. G. R., Kitncote near Leicester Rectory, Lutterworth Wykes, Miss Veronica, Town End Close, Ratcliffe Road, Leicester

Except when notice is given to the contrary, General Meetings are held at the Church House, St. Martin's East, Leicester, at 3 o'clock in the afternoon. The Committee meet, at the same time of the day, in the Society's room at the Guildhall (Old Town Hall), Leicester. For one hour before each meeting, whether General or of the Committee, the Society's room is open for the convenience of members who wish to consult or borrow books in the Library, of which Miss Joyce Binns, the Assistant Secretary, is the custodian. Members wishing to use the Library at other times should write to Miss Binns, 34 Humberstone Road, Leicester.

SOCIETIES IN UNION FOR THE INTERCHANGE OF PUBLICATIONS Birmingham Archaeological Society, Cambridge Antiquarian Society, Derbyshire Archaeological and Natural History Society, Kent Archaeo­ logical Society, Lancashire and Cheshire Historic Society, Shropshire Archaeological Society, Suffolk Institute of Archaeology and Natural History, Surrey Archaeological Society, The Society of Antiquaries, The North Staffordshire Field Club, The Thoresby Society, The Thoroton Society (Notts.), Yorkshire Archaeological Society, Essex Archaeological Society, Cambridgeshire and Huntingdonshire Archaeological Society, Lincolnshire Archaeological Society. liii.

RULES 1. The Society shall be called " THE LEICESTERSHIRE ARCH^EOWGICAI, SOCIETY." 2. The objects of the Society shall be, to promote the study of Ecclesiastical Architecture, General Antiquities, and the Restoration of Mutilated Architectural Remains within the County; and to furnish suggestions, so far as may_ be within its province, for improving the character of Ecclesiastical Edifices, and for preserving all ancient remains which the Committee may consider of value and importance. 3. The Society shall be composed of a Patron, a President, Vice- Presidents, Secretaries, Treasurer, Auditor, and Honorary and Ordinary Members. 4. The Patron, President and Vice-Presidents shall be elected at the Annual Meeting of the Society, and their election shall be subject to their payment of the Annual Subscription. 5. The Members of the Society shall be entitled to propose new Members, either by letter or personally, to be elected at the Committee Meetings; the Honorary Members shall be ladies or gentlemen who have either rendered signal service to the Society, or are specially learned in the subjects the study of which it is formed to encourage, and shall be nominated by the Committee at one of their Meetings, and proposed for election only at the Annual General Meeting of the Members to be held in March of each year. 6. Each Member shall pay an annual subscription of One Pound, to be due in advance on the 1st of January every year. No Member whose subscription is more than two months overdue shall be entitled to vote until every subscription has been paid. Any Member wishing to resign must give one month's notice of his intention, and this notice should be sent to one of the Society's Secretaries before the end of November. If any subscribing Member is found to be more than two years in arrear, his or her name shall, after due warning, be removed from the list of Members of the Society. 7. The affairs of the Society shall be conducted by a Committee composed of the Secretaries, Local Secretaries, Treasurer, and twenty Members, all of whom shall be elected annually; five Members of the Committee to form a quorum. 8. The Meetings of the Members shall be held on the last Monday of every alternate month; one of such Meetings to be held in the month of March to be considered the Annual General Meeting, at which the Annual Report and Statement of Accounts be presented and the Officers and Committee for the year be elected, and such new Rules or alterations in the Rules proposed and made as may be thought necessary : provided always that due notice of such new Rules or alterations in Rules be given by circular to each Member of the Society at least seven days before the Annual Meeting. In addition to the Bi-Monthly Meetings so including the Annual Meeting Public Meetings for the reading of Papers, &c., may be held as provided for under Rule 12. 9. The Committee shall have power to fill up vacancies in their number, and also in the vacancies of officers of the Society. liv. LEICESTERSHIRE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY

10. The Committee shall elect each year a Chairman, at the first meeting after the Annual Meeting, and shall have power to appoint from year to year such Sub-Committees as appear to be advisable. 11. The Members of the Committee in any neighbourhood may associate other Members of the Society with themselves, and form Committees for Local Purposes in communication with the Central Committee. 12. The Public Meetings of the Society shall be holden at such times and places as shall be appointed by the Committee. 13. The Committee meet at the times and places which they may themselves appoint. 14. The Secretaries shall be required, on the requisition of five Members of the Committee, to call a Special Meeting of the Society. 15. Donations of Architectural and Antiquarian Books, Plans, &c., may be received. The Committee shall be empowered to make purchases and procure casts and drawings, which shall be under the charge of the Secretaries. 16. When the Committee shall consider any Paper, not including accounts of Excursions, which may have been read before the Society, worthy of its being printed at its expense, they shall request the author to furnish a copy, and shall decide upon the number of copies to be printed, provided always that the number be sufficient to supply each Member with one copy, and the author with twenty-five copies. All other questions relating to the publishing Plans and Papers and illustrating them with engravings, shall be decided by the Editorial Secretary, subject to the approval of the Committee. 17. The Committee may every year publish, or join with other Architectural and Archaeological Societies in publishing, for circulation among the Members, Transactions to contain descriptions and Papers connected with the objects of the Society. 18. On application being made to any Member of the Committee, or to the Committee collectively, for the advice of the Society in the restoration of any Church, a Sub-Committee shall be appointed (of which the Incumbent or Resident Minister shall be one) to visit the Church and submit a report in writing to the General Committee. 19. All Plans for the building, enlargement, or restoration of churches, schools, or ancient buildings, &c., sent for inspection of the Committee, be placed in the hands of one of the Secretaries of the Society, at least fourteen days before the Committee Meeting, for the Secretary to prepare a special report thereon. 20. The Committee shall have power at any Meeting to make grants towards the objects of the Society, provided that if such grant other than that for carrying out the objects contemplated in Rules 16 and 17 exceed £5, notice to be given in the circular or advertisement calling the Meeting.