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The Book of Hebrews

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Supplemental Notes: The Book of Hebrews compiled by Chuck Missler © 2008 Koinonia House Inc. Audio Listing Hebrews Introduction and 1:1 - 3 Introduction. Authorship. Hebrews Chapters 1:4 - 14 Greater Than the Angels. Hebrews Chapter 2 The Role of Christ in Salvation. Warning #1: The Danger of Drifting. Acknowledgments Hebrews Chapter 3 These notes have been assembled from speaking notes and related materials which had been compiled from a number of classic and con- Greater Than Moses. The Disobedient Generation—Warning #2: The temporary commentaries and other sources detailed in the bibliography, Danger of Disobedience. as well as other articles and publications of Koinonia House. While we have attempted to include relevant endnotes and other references, we apologize for any errors or oversights. Hebrews Chapter 4 (and the rest of Chapter 3) The complete recordings of the sessions, as well as supporting diagrams, The Promise of Rest. Christ, The Way to God. maps, etc., are also available in various audiovisual formats from the publisher. Hebrews Chapter 5 Warning Against Apostasy. Priesthood of Melchisedec. Warning #3: Failing to Mature. Hebrews Chapter 6 Eternal Salvation Question. Call to Maturity. God’s Oath Unchang- ing. Hebrews Chapter 7 Jesus fulfills the Levitical Priesthood. Page 2 Page Audio Listing The Epistle to the Hebrews Session 1 Hebrews 1:1- 3 Hebrews Chapter 8 The Hebrew Christian Epistles Jesus as the Perfect Priest. The New Covenant. Not one of the last eight epistles (Hebrews, James, 1 and 2 Peter, 1, 2, and 3 John, and Jude) are addressed to a church. These disturbing Hebrews Chapter 9 warnings seem to contrast with the assurances of the church epistles: Romans 8 vs. Hebrews 6 and 10; Ephesians 2 and Philippians 1 vs. 2 The Tabernacle. The Structure. Christ, the ultimate High Priest. Peter 1. These epistles are widely misunderstood—they are not retro- grade, but a reach beyond… Hebrews Chapter 10 These books also feature a conspicuous Jewish cast: The Significance of the Details. The Camp. “Let us.” The Only Way. • Hebrews: “fathers” and “us.” The Substance. Warning #4: The Danger of Willful SIn. • James: “12 tribes scattered abroad”; • Peter: “the sojourners of the dispersion”; etc. Hebrews Chapter 11 There is no mention of the Mystery of the Body of Christ; members By Faith Abel, Enoch, Noah, Isaac, Joseph.... Law versus Grace. who have died and risen with Christ; etc; Jews and Gentiles being one new spiritual organism; nothing of sitting together “in the heavenlies Hebrews Chapter 12 with Christ.” Warning #5: The Danger of Indifference. The Epistle to the Hebrews Addendum: The Messianic (Millennial) Kingdom This will be a tour de force in Christology and our inheritance as believers (and the risks of forfeiture). It will challenge our soteriology as well as The Paradigm of Salvation—Past, Present, and Future Tenses. Sancti- our eschatology—there is more prophecy about the Millennium than fication and Inheritance; Paul’s paranoia. Thy Kingdom Come—The any other period in the Scriptures! Davidic Covenant an d The Kingdom Events. Overcomers. One of the two greatest theological treatises in the New Testament: Israel is not a subset of “nations,” but a contrast and a focus. Hebrews Hebrews Chapter 13 stands as the “Leviticus” of the New Testament and attends even higher ground: the distinctives of the Priesthood of Christ vs. the priesthood Exhortations. Christian Hospitality. Parting Words. of the covenant. The Lord’s priesthood began after He offered Himself on the cross. Addendum: Luke 21 In Leviticus the priest only offered what had already been sacrificed A review of Luke 21, often confused with the Olivet Discourse (Matthew (Lev 1:2-5). Aaron did not wear his high-priestly garments until the 24 & Mark 13) and the Siege and Fall of Jerusalem in A.D. 70. already-slain, burnt offering was on the altar (Lev 16:23, 24). The Passover Lamb was before Aaron was appointed and was offered by the head of the household, not a Levitical offering! (Ex 24:5, et al.). Page Page “Blood of the new covenant”: a once-and-for-all never-to-be-repeated • A Better Covenant Hebrews 8 - 10 redemption sacrifice. The Problem: the Temple was still standing in – A Better Sanctuary Ch. 9 the way. – A Better Sacrifice Ch. 10 • Practical Applications Hebrews 10:18 -13 The Jewish Dilemma – Warning #4 (of 5) Ch. 10:26-31 – Hall of Faith Ch. 11 They had a divinely appointed religion, with divinely appointed priests – Exhortation to Endurance Ch. 12 - 13 officiating in a divinely appointed Temple accomplishing a divinely or- – Warning #5 (of 5) Ch. 12:25-29 dered service, ennobled through the ages...How could believing priests and Pharisees remain “zealous of the Law”? It was the Jewish religious (This traditional fabric of the Epistle misses some of the key points of world that crucified Jesus and was repudiating Him. the author. These also tend to be missed by those who fail to see the Pauline authorship… The readers knew who he was: Heb 13:19, 23 ) Facing Persecution Christ: The New and Living Way The church in Jerusalem had already had lost Stephen (Acts 7:59,60), James the Apostle (Acts 12:2), and others (Acts 8:1-3, 26:10). Churches • Jesus: The New and Better Deliverer Hebrews 1-7 in Galatia (Gal 1:22) were being tempted to resort to (temporary?) – The God-man: better than the Angels Ch. 1, 2 apostasy to avoid persecution. – An Apostle better than Moses Ch. 3 – A Leader better than Joshua Ch. 4:1-13 Author’s Objectives – A Priest better than Aaron Ch. 4:14-17 • Calvary: A New and Better Covenant Hebrews 8-9 The author of Hebrews had three main objectives: 1) Combat possible – Offers better Promises apostasy (Heb 2:1-4; 10:19-25); 2) Encourage them to press on to – Opens a better Sanctuary spiritual maturity (Heb 5:11-14; 10:32-39); and, 3) Comfort them in – Sealed by a better Sacrifice their persecutions (Heb 11:1-12:3). – Achieves far better Results • Faith: The True and Better Response Hebrews 10-12 Author’s Method – Parting words Ch. 13 The author’s method was the highlight the superiority of the Messiah Hebrews: the “Riddle” of the NT to the three pillars of Judaism: Angels; Moses; and, the Levitical Priest- hood. The contrasts were not between bad and good (both are from God); • Authorship “anonymous”: Paul? Apollos? Barnabas? but between good and better. He deviates from his logical arguments • Author had vast knowledge of the OT and was a Hellenistic Jew to include five major warnings. writing to Jewish believers who were under much persecution. • Issues: The nature of the warnings; To whom written; The dangers Outline of Hebrews presented for not persevering • Jesus: The New and Better Deliverer Hebrews 1-7 [Zane C. Hodges, The Bible Knowledge Commentary, Chariot Victor Publish- ing, Colorado Springs CO 1983, p. 778. FF Bruce, the Epistle to the Hebrews, – The God-man: better than the Angels Ch. 1, 2 Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co., Grand Rapids MI 1990, pp. 17-20.] – Warning #1 (of 5) Ch. 2:1-4 – An Apostle better than Moses Ch. 3 Authorship – A Leader better than Joshua Ch. 4 – Warning #2 (of 5) Ch. 3:17-4:13 Who wrote the book of Hebrews? Hebrews is an unsigned book. Why? – A Priest better than Aaron Ch. 5 - 7 While there are many theories, I do have some strong beliefs, although – Warning #3 (of 5) Ch. 5:11-6:20 I cannot prove who wrote it. Page Page Apollos? The salutation of Paul with mine own hand, which is the token in every epistle: so I write: The grace of our Lord Jesus Christ be with you all. Amen. Some people feel that Apollos may have written the book of Hebrews. 2 Thessalonians 3:17,18 The problem is that there is not much evidence to support the theory. Furthermore, Apollos was from Alexandria, and yet even in Alexandria So what is this signature or style item that is included in every letter in the earliest times, the book was associated with Paul. So, if Apollos (Rom 16:24; 1 Cor 16:23-24; 2 Cor 13:14; Gal 6:18; Eph 6:24; Phil was the author, somehow he didn’t even convince his hometown. 4:23; Col 4:18; 1 Thess 5:28; 2 Thess 3:18; 1 Tim 6:21; 2 Tim 4:22; Titus 3:15; Philemon 25)? Priscilla? Paul’s Personal Mark Others have suggested that it was written by Priscilla, the wife of Aq- uila, but here again there is no evidence. Timothy is recorded as Paul’s So how does Hebrews end? “Grace be with you all. Amen.” (Hebrews amanuensis: Where is the evidence that he was the assistant to any of 13:25) Why is this so impressive of Paul’s style? Because the word these others? “Grace” does not even appear in any of the other epistles! (Except by Peter, where it is used as an instruction or exhortation and not as a Paul salutation or blessing as here: 2 Peter 3:18) There are many style reasons that make the epistle “Pauline” in its style. The Love of Christ Also, Peter almost states it as a fact: People who have studied the style have determined that, within the And account that the longsuffering of our Lord is salvation; even as our structure of the letters Romans, Hebrews, and Galatians, there is a beloved brother Paul also according to the wisdom given unto him hath similar style: written unto you; As also in all his epistles, speaking in them of these things; in which are some things hard to be understood, which they that • In Romans 8:35-39, Paul lists a number of things that cannot are unlearned and unstable wrest, as they do also the other Scriptures, unto their own destruction.
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