ABSTRACT Title of Thesis: JAZZ EDUCATION in INDIA
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ABSTRACT Title of Thesis: JAZZ EDUCATION IN INDIA: A CASE STUDY Marcus Hansel Daniel, Master of Arts in Music Education, 2020 Thesis Directed By: Michael P. Hewitt, Ph.D. Professor of Music Education School of Music There are people in India who enjoy jazz. It is a complex art form that requires proper instruction. The early part of my own jazz education was done in India and I did find learning opportunities rare. I wanted to study the experience of another Indian who learns and performs jazz in India to be able to get an understanding of the status of jazz education in India. An exploratory, narrative single-case study was done of Kirtana Krishna, a Jazz singer and guitarist in India. The international faculty at her institution gave her world class instruction. One of them, Steve Zerlin, was able to corroborate the facts and provide his own input. Two other jazz intuitions have opened and all three serve as primers. They have increased the quality and quantity of jazz being performed and some of their alumni are continuing their jazz studies in the US. JAZZ EDUCATION IN INDIA: A CASE STUDY by Marcus Hansel Daniel Thesis submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School of the University of Maryland, College Park, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Music Education 2020 Advisory Committee: Dr. Michael P. Hewitt, Chair Dr. Kenneth Elpus Dr. Yo-Jung Han © Copyright by Marcus Hansel Daniel 2020 Dedication This thesis is dedicated to my wife, Esther Daniel, who believed in me and that this was possible. I recall when I first said that I wanted to get my Master's in Music Education; it seemed inconceivable, but now has become a reality, and the process has completely changed our lives. Thank you for your support every step of the way, and for not giving up even when we had to be apart for a year and five days. I love you! Who can find a virtuous woman, for her price is above rubies. - Proverbs 31:10 ii Acknowledgements It is with great gratitude that I acknowledge the many who have helped me write this thesis and in procuring my music education degree. It took great courage, commitment and sacrifice for many individuals in India to help me make the journey to the US in order to study for my Master's in Music Education. My late father, Francis Daniel, who was a classical pianist and my first piano teacher. My mother, Shanthi Daniel, who always knew the value of education and encouraged me to pursue this degree. My mother in law, ViJaykumari Murari and my father in law MK Murari, who spent countless hours on his knees to see me through - from the day we shared our plan with him and until today. The individuals who helped me through some tough barriers in paperwork and processes in getting across to the US. Philip Bhaskar, Sudha Rao, ViJay Babu, Swaroop Cormaty, Abhishek Kanti and Arava Solomon. For those who shepherded and guided me: VM Samuel, George Cherian, Arul Job, Chandra Paul and Daniel David. Friends in the US who were very immensely supportive: Dawn Rodgers-De Fouw, Terry Bonham, Delois Bonham, Sheldon Cunningham and Reginald Slade. Friends and fellow students at the University of Maryland who inspired me, allowed me to pick their brains, and have just been a lot of fun. Dana Varona, Grace Chris, Adam Grisé, Austin Gaskin, Yurong Yang, Michael Quinlivan and Sharon How. The exceptional faculty at the University of Maryland. The late Chris Vadala, for making jazz so joyful and for gently guiding my piano playing in big band when I iii was so lost in the beginning. The amazing music education faculty and my thesis committee, Dr. Elpus, Dr. Han. My advisor, Dr. Michael Hewitt, who has been very kind and has patiently been steering me in the right direction in the writing of this thesis. Learning from him has been a great blessing! iv Table of Contents Dedication......................................................................................................................ii Acknowledgements ...................................................................................................... iii Table of Contents...........................................................................................................v List of Abbreviations ...................................................................................................vii Identities .....................................................................................................................viii Chapter 1: Introduction ................................................................................................. 1 Synopsis of Personal Story ............................................................................................ 1 The Problem .......................................................................................................... 2 The Rationale.........................................................................................................4 Research Questions....................................................................................................5 Scope and Limitations................................................................................................5 Chapter 2: Literature Review ........................................................................................ 7 The History of Jazz Education in the US...................................................................7 The Pioneers..........................................................................................................9 The Jazz Degree..................................................................................................11 Jazz Education in k-12 Schools..........................................................................14 Excerpts from Around the World ............................................................................ 15 Jazz in Greece.....................................................................................................16 Jazz in Israel........................................................................................................18 Jazz in Australia..................................................................................................20 Jazz in Estonia.....................................................................................................23 Jazz in the UK.....................................................................................................24 Potential for Growth...........................................................................................25 Jazz in the Indian Context ....................................................................................... 25 Early Jazz in India...............................................................................................27 Bollywood Music................................................................................................29 Jazz and Traditional Indian Music......................................................................31 The Small Indian Jazz Audience.........................................................................33 Chapter 3: Methodology .............................................................................................. 34 Axiological Assumption .......................................................................................... 34 My Narrative.......................................................................................................35 Epistemology and Methodical Choice .................................................................... 40 Narrative as an Avenue of Insight ........................................................................... 40 A Single-Case Study with Narrative Inquiry......................................................41 Exploratory Study...............................................................................................42 Case Selection.....................................................................................................43 Member Check....................................................................................................43 Chapter 4: The Narratives ........................................................................................... 45 A Synopsis of Kirtana Krishna's Story .................................................................... 45 A Synopsis of Steve Zerlin's Story .......................................................................... 47 A Combined Story ................................................................................................... 48 Continued Learning............................................................................................55 Answering the Research Questions ......................................................................... 57 Chapter 5: Discussion ................................................................................................. 60 v Comparing Results .................................................................................................. 60 Economics ........................................................................................................... 60 Enculturation....................................................................................................... 64 Implications for Music Education ........................................................................... 63 Directions for Future Research ................................................................................ 65