Biologia De Dismorphia Spio (Godart) En Puerto Rico (Lepidoptera Pieridae: Dismorphiinae)

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Biologia De Dismorphia Spio (Godart) En Puerto Rico (Lepidoptera Pieridae: Dismorphiinae) Este documento contiene errores que no aparecen en el artículo publicado ni en el documento que se sometió para publicación. Fue tomado del CD-ROM publicado por el CJS. Tanto el editor de entonces, Dr. José A. Mari Mutt, como el autor no somos responsables de éstos, Caribbean Journal of Science, Vol. 27, No. 1-2,35-45, 1991 sino la casa publicadora Allen Press, Inc. Copyright 1991 College of Arts and Sciences University of Puerto Rico, Mayaguez Biologia de Dismorphia spio (Godart) en Puerto Rico (Lepidoptera Pieridae: Dismorphiinae) JORGE A. TORRES BAUZA1 Departamento de Biologia, Universidad de Puerto Rico, Mnyaguez, Puerto Rico 00708 A BSTRACT. – The life cycle stages and reproductive biology of Dismorphia spio are described in detail from eggs, larvae, prepupae and pupae collected in the field. Inga vera and Z. laurina are reported as host plants. Larvae collected on I. Iaurina were successfully reared on I. vera at room temperature (23 to 27oC). RESUMEN. – Se describen en detalle las etapas del ciclo de vida y la biologia reproductiva de Dismorphia spio a partir de huevos, larvas, prepupas y pupas colectadas en el campo. Inga vera e I. laurina son informadas como plantas hospederas. Larvas encontradas en I. laurina fueron criadas en I. vera exitosamente a tem- peratura de salon (23 a 27oC). INTRODUCTION juntas, 3) Finca del Sr. Angel Bauza en el Muy poco se conoce sobre la biologia y Bo. Mameyes Arriba de Jayuya, 4) Carr. 111 ecologia de las especies de Dismorphia. Has- Km. 19.7 jurisdiccion de Lares y 5) Barrio ta el momento se han estudiado solo dos Guaonico de Utuado. ciclos de vida; uno por Aiello (1980) con Los siguientes datos fueron tomados para D. amphiona beroe (Lucas) en Panama y otro los distintos estados colectados: 1) el largo, por Young (1972) con D. zaela oreas (Salvin) el ancho y la duracion del desarrollo em- en Costa Rica (Young llama la especie D. brionario de los huevos que fueron vistos virgo (Bates) pero segun Lamas (1979), e1 ser depositados; si no se observo la ovi- confundio dicha especie con D. zaela oreas). posicion solo se midio el largo y el ancho. DeVries (1987) describe brevemente algu- 2) a las larvas que eclosionaron se les midio nos estados de especies de Dismorphia en el largo minimo (al memento de nacer o Costa Rica. Tambien se han publicado no- durante las primeras tres horas), el largo tas sobre la biologia y aspectos mimeticos maximo (un dia antes de la muda) y la du- de D. amphiona lupita Lamas en Mexico (Llo- racion del desarrollo; a las larvas colectadas rente y Garces, 1983), y otras notas sobre en determinado estado se les midio el largo Dismorphia por d’Almeida (1944) en el Bra- maximo y luego de la ecdisis se les midio sil. El presente trabajo describe el ciclo de el largo minimo (luego de mudar o durante vida y la biologia de Dismorphia spio (Go- las primeras tres horas), el largo maximo y dart) en Puerto Rico. la duracion. Se midieron las capsulas. ce- falicas para el ancho de la larva. 3) a las M ATERIALES Y M ETODOS pupas colectadas se les midio el largo y el Se comenzo a observar a Dismorphia spio ancho del cuerpo pero no la duracion del desde 1984; y se colectaron huevos, larvas, estado. prepupas, pupas y adultos durante 1os anos Las larvas fueron alimentadas cada dos 1986 a 1989. Los principales lugares de es- alias con hojas frescas de lnga vera Wind. tudio fueron: 1) Vereda el Bolo en el Bos- Las larvas encontradas en I. laurina (Sw.) que de Toro Negro en Villalba, 2) Finca del Willd. fueron alimentadas con hojas de I. Sr. Fe1ix Figueroa en el Bo. Saltillo de Ad- vera sin resultar adverso el cambio. Las ho- jas utilizadas como alimento fueron lava- das con agua corriente y secadas para eli- minar particular adheridas a la Lamina 1Direccion actual: URB. Cabrera B-48, Utuado, foliar. La crianza se hizo a temperatura de Puerto Rico 00641. sa1on (23 a 27oC). Present address: University of Puerto Rico at Utuado, 35 Department of Natural Sciences, Utuado, Puerto Rico 00641 36 J. A. TORRES BAUZA RESULTADOS dorsal frontal del meso-metatorax y los si- CICLO DE VIDA guientes echo segmentos abdominales son cortas, anchas y con apice achatado. Huevo (Fig. 1) El largo initial promedio es 2.2 mm (l.8- El huevo es fusiforme (“spindle-shaped”) 2.5 mm; n = 30), el largo final promedio es con el corion ornamentado con 30 costillas 4.4 mm (3.5-5.0 mm; n = 36), el ancho pro- transversales, cinco costillas longitudina- medio de la capsula cefalica es 0.44 mm les largas y cuatro costillas longitudinales (0.42-0.47 mm; n = 52) y la duracion pro- cortas. Al memento de ser depositado, su medio del estadio es 4.3 alias (4-5 alias; n = interior es verde pero luego de tres dias se 30). torna perlado y dos dias antes de la eclo- sion cambia a amarillo castano. Segundo Estado Larval (Fig. 4) A medida que el embrion se desarrolla, El epicranio es de color amarillo castano. se colapsa el apice del corion en la region Las sedas presentes en el primer estado lar- que comprende las primeras siete costillas val se acortan (Fig. 16) y se achatan api- transversales. A traves del corion pueden calmente. Tambien aparecen sedas adicio- observarse diferentes estructuras tales como nales. ocelos, sedas y las mandibular. El torax y el abdomen son de color verde. El largo promedio es 2.0 mm (1.5-2.2 mm; La lines espiracular es crema desde el pro- n = 47), el ancho promedio es 0.7 mm (0.5- torax hasta el cuarto segmento abdominal, 0.9 mm; n = 46) y la duracion promedio desde el quinto al noveno se torna rojiza. del desarrollo embrionario es 6 alias (5-7 Los espiraculos son rojizos, color que se alias; n = 30). acentua en el peritremo. Las sedas son mas cortas que las del primer estado. Hay dos Primer Estado Larval (Figs. 2, 3) pares de sedas alargadas en el protorax (Fig. El epicranio es redondo, de color ama- 17) y dos en el decimo segmento abdomi- rillo castano y con 10 pares de sedas negras nal (Fig. 18). La seda dorsal frontal del pro- (Fig. 13). Tres pares de sedas son alargadas torax es de color negro; la otra seda alar- y anchas; cinco pares son cortas y anchas; gada es mas fina y de color castano hialino. y las restantes son filiformes. Los ocelos Las restantes sedas del meso-metatorax y son negros. Las mandibular son castanas los segmentos abdominales son pequenas oscuras. y anchas, o son filiformes. El torax y el abdomen son de color ama- El largo inicial promedio es 4.5 mm (3.5- rillo castano al momento de la eclosion pero 5.0 mm; n = 33), el largo final promedio es a medida que la larva se alimenta adquie- 7.1 mm (6.0-8.0 mm; n = 47), el ancho pro- ren un color verde. La linea espiracular es medio de la capsula cefa1ica es 0.66 mm crema desde el protorax hasta el sexto seg- (0.56-0.70 mm; n = 63) y la duracion pro- mento abdominal; desde el septimo al no- medio del estadio es 4.2 alias (4-5 alias; n = veno se torna rojiza. Las sedas son alarga- 33). das y anchas, pequenas con el apice achatado, o filiformes. Las sedas alargadas Tercer Estado Larval (Fig. 5) y anchas se presentan en el primer seg- El epicranio, el torax y el abdomen son mento toracico (tres pares, Fig. 14) y en el de color verde. Ventralmente el torax y el decimo segmento abdominal (dos pares en abdomen son de color verde claro. La lines el dorso—la seda dorsal frontal es la mas espiracular es verde-amarilla hasta el quin- alargada—y dos pares en la pata, ver Fig. to segmento abdominal; a partir de este 15). Las sedas alargadas y anchas son ne- adquiere un color rojizo. Los espiraculos gras. Las sedas largas del protorax estan son rojizos. Hay un par de sedas mas alar- acompanadas de una seda muy corta; la seda gadas y anchas en el epicranio y en el pro- dorsal frontal tiene una seda acompanante torax (la seda dorsal frontal). filiforme; las restantes sedas toracicas de- El largo inicial promedio es 7.1 mm (6.0- crecen en tamano y las sedas que les acom- 8.0 mm; n = 46), el largo final promedio es panan tienen el apice achatado. La seda 11.3 mm (9.0 -13.0 mm; n = 65), el ancho BIOLOGIA DE DISMORPHIA SPIO 37 promedio de la capsula cefalica es 1.04 mm Algunas pupas presentan en el segundo (0.91-1 .26 mm; n = 78) y la duracion pro- segmento abdominal, al lado de cada es- medio del estadio es 4.1 alias (3-6 alias; n = piraculo, dos manchas negras (Fig. 9). Ven- 46). tralmente, la pupa es de color verde. Hay dos proyecciones en el area genital, ambas Cuarto Estado Larval de color castano orientadas cefa1icamente. El epicranio, el torax y el abdomen son En los machos el largo promedio es 25.3 de color verde oscuro. Las sedas son ater- mm (20.0 –29.0 mm; n = 32), el ancho pro- ciopeladas. La lines espiracular es de color medio es 6.3 mm (5.0-7.5 mm; n = 32) y la verde crema y los espiraculos son rojizos.
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