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Writing and Language Test 35 MINUTES, 44 QUESTIONS Turn to Section 2 of your answer sheet to answer the questions in this section. Each passage below is accompanied by a number of questions. For some questions, you will consider how the passage might be revised to improve the expression of ideas. For other questions, you will consider how the passage might be edited to correct errors in sentence structure, usage, or punctuation. A passage or a question may be accompanied by one or more graphics (such as a table or graph) that you will consider as you make revising and editing decisions. Some questions will direct you to an underlined portion of a passage. Other questions will direct you to a location in a passage or ask you to think about the passage as a whole. After reading each passage, choose the answer to each question that most effectively improves the quality of writing in the passage or that makes the passage conform to the conventions of standard written English. Many questions include a "NO CHANGE" option. Choose that option if you think the best choice is to leave the relevant portion of the passage as it is. Questions 1-11 are based on the following passage and supplemental information. A) NO CHANGE B) entrepreneur; banker; economist, and The People's Bank C) entrepreneur, banker, economist, and Born in 1940 , Muhammad Yunus is a social D) entrepreneur, banker, economist and, D entreprene ur; banker, economist and civil leader who was award ed the Nobel Peace Pri ze for pi oneering the concepts of mi crocredit and mi crofinance. In 1974 , Yunus A ) NO CHANGE B) Bangladesh - took (who was then working as a professor at Chittagong C) Bangladesh) took University in B Bangladesh, took hi s students on a fi eld D) Bangladesh), took trip to a poor vill age, where he interviewed a woman who made bamboo stools. The woman explained that she had to 9 - - -~--- -- - - borrow money to buy raw bamboo for each stool. After repayin g her loans, sometimes at rates as high as I 0% per A) NO CHANGE B) flip week, she was barely abl e to II roll a profit. As a resul t, C) count she struggled to feed both herself and her children. Were D) turn the woman able to borrow mo ney with lower rates ofll interest, Yunus recogni zed , she would likely be able to .. ,.. amass an economic cushi on and ri se above subsistence A) NO CHANGE B) interest; Yunus recogni zed le vel. C) interest, and Yun us recogni zed Yunus decided to take matters into hi s own hands. D) interested, Yunus recogni zin g II He personall y lent the equival ent of a few do ll ars to 42 basket weavers in the village. When he tracked the workers over several years, he di scovered that the tiny loans not Which choice most effecti vely supports the information that foll ows? onl y helped the basket weavers survive II and also creating the moti vation for them to pull themselves out of A) NO CHANGE B) In 1965 , Yunus received a F ulbright fell owship poverty. Against the advice of banks and the government, to study in the United States. he continued to di stribute what he termed " micro-loans." C) Traditi onal banks did not want to make low­ interest loans to the poor because of hi gh ri sk of default. D) During that time, he set up a packaging factory, which became very profitable. A) NO CHANGE B) and create C) but al so to create D) but also created 10 II In 1971, Yunus founded a citizen's committee along with other Bangladeshis in the United States. In Which choice provides the most effective introduction to the paragraph? 1983, he made funds available by forming the Grameen Bank. Ron Grzywinski and Mary Houghton of ShoreBank, A) NO CHANGE B) Yunus has served on the Global Commission a community development bank in Chicago, helped Yunus of Women 's Health and the UN Expert Group on Women and Finance. with the official incorporation under a grant from the Ford C) As a student at Chittagong College, Yunus Foundation. The Bank provides loans to entrepreneurs who had studied drama as well as economics. are unable to qualify for traditional bank loans. "Grameen D) Yun us reasoned that if basic financial resources could be made widely available, then economic bank" means "village bank," and it is founded on the wonders could occur. II principles in trust and solidarity. A) NO CHANGE B) principles of C) principals in D) principals of 11 , I The Grameen Bank not onl y reversed conventional banking practice but it also created a cost-effecti ve weapon -Which choice most accurately and effecti vely represents the information in the graph? to fight poverty, giving people access to fu nds that would otherwise have remained o utside their reach. A) NO CHANGE B) Membership grew dramatically between II Membership grew dramatica ll y throughout the 1980s 1980 and 1985 before level_in g off. and 1990s. although it began to decline around 2000. C) Membership grew slowly until 2000, after whi ch it increased drama ti call y . The Bank is intended to serve as a catalyst in the overall D) Membership increased steadily until 2005 development of socio-economic conditions of the poor, and then leveled off. particularl y women. II!] Conversely, 97% of Grameen borrowers are female, and over 97% of the loans are paid A) NO CHANGE back in full - a recovery rate mhigher than any other 8) Regardless, banking system. C) However, D) Accordingly , Grameen Bank Members, 1980-2010 10,000,000 A) NOCHANGE 8,000,000 B) hi gher then any other banking system. 6,000,000 C) higher than that of any other banking system . 4,000,000 D) hi gher than those for any other banking 2,000,000 system . 0 12 Questions 12-22 are based on the following passage. A) NO CHANGE Everyday Art -1- B) deri ved C) fabricated For more than a quarter of a century, artist Gabriel D) cl aimed Orozco (b. 1962) has mfo r~ a career marked by constant surprise and innovation, blurring the boundari es Ill between art and reality . Orozco resists confinement to a A) NO CHANGE sin gle medium in order to engage mth ey' re B) their imaginations. C) you' re imagin ati on. imaginati ons. He roams freel y among drawing, D) viewers' imaginati ons. photography, sculpture, install ati on, and painting. Basing hi s work on a series of recurring themes and techniques, Orozco mdi vides hi s time between Mexico City, New Which choice most effecti vely sets up the examples that foll ow? York , and France. One work mi ght consist of exquisite drawings scribbled on airplane boarding passes; another A) NO CHANGE could in volve sculptures made from recovered trash. His B) has exhibited hi s work in art gall eries on every continent except Antarcti ca. expl oration of such varied materi als all ows audiences to C) uses urban landscapes and common objects in vesti gate masso ciations between obj ects that are to erase the line between art and the everyday environment. hidden. D) has received numerous awards , including a DAAD arti st-in-residence grant to work in Berlin. A ) B) hidden associations between obj ects. C) associati ons hidden between objects. D) associations th at are hidden between o bj ects. 13 -2- Orozco's nomadi c lifestyle began to strongly inform The writer is considering deleting the underlined sentence. Should the sentence be kept or del eted? hi s work around this time. Im Once, whil e wandering A) Kept, because it illustrates how Orozco's through a small town in B razil, Orozco spotted some preference for wandering influenced his art. oranges left ove r from a market, positioned one on each of B) Kept, because it expl ains why Orozco became interested in photography. several tabl es , and photographed them. U nlike many C) Deleted, because it is inconsistent with the mainstream artists, who often oversaw huge studios with paragraph 's focus on Orozco's studio. many assistants and elaborate production techniques , D) Deleted, because it implies that Orozco rejected all forms of mainstream art. Orozco also worked mb y himself in solitude or wi th a sin gle assistant. He therefore remained free to create art where and when he chose. A) NO CHANGE - 3 - B) in solitude Orozco was born in 1962 in Veracru z, Mexico . Hi s C) alone in solitude D) al one by hi s solitary self fath er, Mari o Orozco Ri vera , was a mural painter and art professor at the Uni versity of Veracru z. When Orozco was six , the family relocated to Mexico City so th at hi s father ln context, whi ch choice best combines the could work on vari o us mural commissions. lEJ Orozco underlined sentences? often accompani ed hi s father to mural sites and museum A) Although O rozco often accompanied hi s father exhibitions. He overheard many conversati ons about art to mural sites and museum exhibitions, he overh eard many conversati ons about art and and politics. politics. B) Orozco, who often accompanied his father to mural sites and museum exhibitions, overhearing many conversations about art and politics there. C) Orozco often accompanied hi s father to mural sites and museum exhibiti ons, where he overheard many conversati ons about art and politics. D) Orozco often accompanied hi s father to mural sites and museum exhibitions, and that was where he overheard many conversati ons about art and poli tics.

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