The Milesian Calendar in Short
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Survey of Microbial Composition And
The Proceedings of the International Conference on Creationism Volume 7 Article 11 2013 Survey of Microbial Composition and Mechanisms of Living Stromatolites of the Bahamas and Australia: Developing Criteria to Determine the Biogenicity of Fossil Stromatolites Georgia Purdom Answers in Genesis Andrew A. Snelling Answers in Genesis Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.cedarville.edu/icc_proceedings DigitalCommons@Cedarville provides a publication platform for fully open access journals, which means that all articles are available on the Internet to all users immediately upon publication. However, the opinions and sentiments expressed by the authors of articles published in our journals do not necessarily indicate the endorsement or reflect the views of DigitalCommons@Cedarville, the Centennial Library, or Cedarville University and its employees. The authors are solely responsible for the content of their work. Please address questions to [email protected]. Browse the contents of this volume of The Proceedings of the International Conference on Creationism. Recommended Citation Purdom, Georgia and Snelling, Andrew A. (2013) "Survey of Microbial Composition and Mechanisms of Living Stromatolites of the Bahamas and Australia: Developing Criteria to Determine the Biogenicity of Fossil Stromatolites," The Proceedings of the International Conference on Creationism: Vol. 7 , Article 11. Available at: https://digitalcommons.cedarville.edu/icc_proceedings/vol7/iss1/11 Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Creationism. Pittsburgh, PA: Creation Science Fellowship SURVEY OF MICROBIAL COMPOSITION AND MECHANISMS OF LIVING STROMATOLITES OF THE BAHAMAS AND AUSTRALIA: DEVELOPING CRITERIA TO DETERMINE THE BIOGENICITY OF FOSSIL STROMATOLITES Georgia Purdom, PhD, Answers in Genesis, P.O. Box 510, Hebron, KY, 41048 Andrew A. -
The Mathematics of the Chinese, Indian, Islamic and Gregorian Calendars
Heavenly Mathematics: The Mathematics of the Chinese, Indian, Islamic and Gregorian Calendars Helmer Aslaksen Department of Mathematics National University of Singapore [email protected] www.math.nus.edu.sg/aslaksen/ www.chinesecalendar.net 1 Public Holidays There are 11 public holidays in Singapore. Three of them are secular. 1. New Year’s Day 2. Labour Day 3. National Day The remaining eight cultural, racial or reli- gious holidays consist of two Chinese, two Muslim, two Indian and two Christian. 2 Cultural, Racial or Religious Holidays 1. Chinese New Year and day after 2. Good Friday 3. Vesak Day 4. Deepavali 5. Christmas Day 6. Hari Raya Puasa 7. Hari Raya Haji Listed in order, except for the Muslim hol- idays, which can occur anytime during the year. Christmas Day falls on a fixed date, but all the others move. 3 A Quick Course in Astronomy The Earth revolves counterclockwise around the Sun in an elliptical orbit. The Earth ro- tates counterclockwise around an axis that is tilted 23.5 degrees. March equinox June December solstice solstice September equinox E E N S N S W W June equi Dec June equi Dec sol sol sol sol Beijing Singapore In the northern hemisphere, the day will be longest at the June solstice and shortest at the December solstice. At the two equinoxes day and night will be equally long. The equi- noxes and solstices are called the seasonal markers. 4 The Year The tropical year (or solar year) is the time from one March equinox to the next. The mean value is 365.2422 days. -
Islamic Calendar from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia
Islamic calendar From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia -at اﻟﺘﻘﻮﻳﻢ اﻟﻬﺠﺮي :The Islamic, Muslim, or Hijri calendar (Arabic taqwīm al-hijrī) is a lunar calendar consisting of 12 months in a year of 354 or 355 days. It is used (often alongside the Gregorian calendar) to date events in many Muslim countries. It is also used by Muslims to determine the proper days of Islamic holidays and rituals, such as the annual period of fasting and the proper time for the pilgrimage to Mecca. The Islamic calendar employs the Hijri era whose epoch was Islamic Calendar stamp issued at King retrospectively established as the Islamic New Year of AD 622. During Khaled airport (10 Rajab 1428 / 24 July that year, Muhammad and his followers migrated from Mecca to 2007) Yathrib (now Medina) and established the first Muslim community (ummah), an event commemorated as the Hijra. In the West, dates in this era are usually denoted AH (Latin: Anno Hegirae, "in the year of the Hijra") in parallel with the Christian (AD) and Jewish eras (AM). In Muslim countries, it is also sometimes denoted as H[1] from its Arabic form ( [In English, years prior to the Hijra are reckoned as BH ("Before the Hijra").[2 .(ﻫـ abbreviated , َﺳﻨﺔ ﻫِ ْﺠﺮﻳّﺔ The current Islamic year is 1438 AH. In the Gregorian calendar, 1438 AH runs from approximately 3 October 2016 to 21 September 2017.[3] Contents 1 Months 1.1 Length of months 2 Days of the week 3 History 3.1 Pre-Islamic calendar 3.2 Prohibiting Nasī’ 4 Year numbering 5 Astronomical considerations 6 Theological considerations 7 Astronomical -
The Common Year
THE COMMON YEAR #beautyinthecommon I am typing this in a hospital lobby just outside Detroit at and designed by veritable gobs and gobs of wonderful 3am as I sleepily but eagerly await the birth of my dear friends from all sorts of backgrounds and perspectives. brother’s first child. The smell of the pizza, Starbucks, and lo mein reminds me fondly of the last 13 hours Each written piece will be broken into what may seem we’ve spent gathered together in this “very hospitally” like peculiar categories: waiting room. Word | Meal | Music | Prayer | Time And while everyone is currently dozing on plastic chairs as the infomercials on the lobby television rage on – the Our hope is that these narratives will be more than room is still electric somehow. There is wonder and inspiring thoughts and truisms and instead will beauty in the air. Even here – even in the stillness of challenge each of us to more fully engage all of life as sweet anticipation not yet realized. deeply sacred. There will be invitations to listen to new songs, share in new meals, and see in new ways. I I want to live my life like this. challenge you to carve out time to really soak in each of these pieces and see just what it is that God might To both await with eagerness the mountaintop awaken in your own heart as you do. moments and to also see more fully and experience more deeply the beauty in the mundane, the “in- So print this framework out. Put it in a binder. -
How Long Is a Year.Pdf
How Long Is A Year? Dr. Bryan Mendez Space Sciences Laboratory UC Berkeley Keeping Time The basic unit of time is a Day. Different starting points: • Sunrise, • Noon, • Sunset, • Midnight tied to the Sun’s motion. Universal Time uses midnight as the starting point of a day. Length: sunrise to sunrise, sunset to sunset? Day Noon to noon – The seasonal motion of the Sun changes its rise and set times, so sunrise to sunrise would be a variable measure. Noon to noon is far more constant. Noon: time of the Sun’s transit of the meridian Stellarium View and measure a day Day Aday is caused by Earth’s motion: spinning on an axis and orbiting around the Sun. Earth’s spin is very regular (daily variations on the order of a few milliseconds, due to internal rearrangement of Earth’s mass and external gravitational forces primarily from the Moon and Sun). Synodic Day Noon to noon = synodic or solar day (point 1 to 3). This is not the time for one complete spin of Earth (1 to 2). Because Earth also orbits at the same time as it is spinning, it takes a little extra time for the Sun to come back to noon after one complete spin. Because the orbit is elliptical, when Earth is closest to the Sun it is moving faster, and it takes longer to bring the Sun back around to noon. When Earth is farther it moves slower and it takes less time to rotate the Sun back to noon. Mean Solar Day is an average of the amount time it takes to go from noon to noon throughout an orbit = 24 Hours Real solar day varies by up to 30 seconds depending on the time of year. -
The Calendars of India
The Calendars of India By Vinod K. Mishra, Ph.D. 1 Preface. 4 1. Introduction 5 2. Basic Astronomy behind the Calendars 8 2.1 Different Kinds of Days 8 2.2 Different Kinds of Months 9 2.2.1 Synodic Month 9 2.2.2 Sidereal Month 11 2.2.3 Anomalistic Month 12 2.2.4 Draconic Month 13 2.2.5 Tropical Month 15 2.2.6 Other Lunar Periodicities 15 2.3 Different Kinds of Years 16 2.3.1 Lunar Year 17 2.3.2 Tropical Year 18 2.3.3 Siderial Year 19 2.3.4 Anomalistic Year 19 2.4 Precession of Equinoxes 19 2.5 Nutation 21 2.6 Planetary Motions 22 3. Types of Calendars 22 3.1 Lunar Calendar: Structure 23 3.2 Lunar Calendar: Example 24 3.3 Solar Calendar: Structure 26 3.4 Solar Calendar: Examples 27 3.4.1 Julian Calendar 27 3.4.2 Gregorian Calendar 28 3.4.3 Pre-Islamic Egyptian Calendar 30 3.4.4 Iranian Calendar 31 3.5 Lunisolar calendars: Structure 32 3.5.1 Method of Cycles 32 3.5.2 Improvements over Metonic Cycle 34 3.5.3 A Mathematical Model for Intercalation 34 3.5.3 Intercalation in India 35 3.6 Lunisolar Calendars: Examples 36 3.6.1 Chinese Lunisolar Year 36 3.6.2 Pre-Christian Greek Lunisolar Year 37 3.6.3 Jewish Lunisolar Year 38 3.7 Non-Astronomical Calendars 38 4. Indian Calendars 42 4.1 Traditional (Siderial Solar) 42 4.2 National Reformed (Tropical Solar) 49 4.3 The Nānakshāhī Calendar (Tropical Solar) 51 4.5 Traditional Lunisolar Year 52 4.5 Traditional Lunisolar Year (vaisnava) 58 5. -
The Indian Luni-Solar Calendar and the Concept of Adhik-Maas
Volume -3, Issue-3, July 2013 The Indian Luni-Solar Calendar and the giving rise to alternative periods of light and darkness. All human and animal life has evolved accordingly, Concept of Adhik-Maas (Extra-Month) keeping awake during the day-light but sleeping through the dark nights. Even plants follow a daily rhythm. Of Introduction: course some crafty beings have turned nocturnal to take The Hindu calendar is basically a lunar calendar and is advantage of the darkness, e.g., the beasts of prey, blood– based on the cycles of the Moon. In a purely lunar sucker mosquitoes, thieves and burglars, and of course calendar - like the Islamic calendar - months move astronomers. forward by about 11 days every solar year. But the Hindu calendar, which is actually luni-solar, tries to fit together The next natural clock in terms of importance is the the cycle of lunar months and the solar year in a single revolution of the Earth around the Sun. Early humans framework, by adding adhik-maas every 2-3 years. The noticed that over a certain period of time, the seasons concept of Adhik-Maas is unique to the traditional Hindu changed, following a fixed pattern. Near the tropics - for lunar calendars. For example, in 2012 calendar, there instance, over most of India - the hot summer gives way were 13 months with an Adhik-Maas falling between to rain, which in turn is followed by a cool winter. th th August 18 and September 16 . Further away from the equator, there were four distinct seasons - spring, summer, autumn, winter. -
Charles Ballinger Executive Director Emeritus
NAYRE Charles Ballinger Executive Director Emeritus National Association for Year-Round Education Eight Reasons Given to Avoid Calendar Modification 1. Children might be on differing schedules. 2. Child care might not be available. 3. Students might not find and hold jobs after calendar modification. 4. Students might not be able to be involved in out-of-school activities, extracurricular activities, and sports. 5. There is no air-conditioning during warm weather. 6. Facility cleaning and maintenance will be disrupted. 7. Teachers will have difficulty with in-service and graduate work. 8. Family vacations will be difficult to schedule. Six Generalized Reasons for Calendar Modification 1. Modified, balanced calendars can effectively maintain student interest in learning. 2. Students, learning differently, require different time configurations. 3. Intersession classes provide faster remediation and advanced enrichment. 4. Students learning a second language can benefit from the balanced calendar. 5. Co-curricular and extracurricular activities can take place throughout the year and can reinforce previous learning. 6. Teachers can take advantage of year-long opportunities for staff development. School Year Flexibility 365 Days per calendar year -180 Days of legislatively-mandated instruction annually -104 Weekend days (Saturday and Sunday) - 10 Winter Holidays (Christmas and New Year’s) - 11 Other Legal Holidays 60 Remaining optional/flexible days 45-15 Single Track Model 15 15 15 15 45 Classroom School 45 Classroom School 45 Classroom School -
Indian Calendars
Undergraduate Research Opportunities Programme in Science (UROPS) INDIAN CALENDARS: COMPARING THE SURYA SIDDHANTA AND THE ASTRONOMICAL EPHEMERIS CHIA DAPHNE ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR HELMER ASLAKSEN DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF SINGAPORE SEMESTER II 2000/2001 1 CONTENT Page Introduction 3 1.Basic facts about astronomy 4 1.1The ecliptic, celestial equator and equinoxes 4 1.2 Precession of the equinoxes 5 1.3 Measuring a solar year 6 2. The workings of the Indian solar and lunisolar calendars 8 2.1 The Indian solar calendars 8 2.1.1 Measuring a solar year 8 2.1.2 Measuring a solar month 9 2.2 The Indian lunisolar calendars 11 2.2.1 The Amanta month 11 2.2.2 Tithi 12 3. The Surya Siddhanta vs the Astronomical Ephemeris 14 3.1 The Surya Siddhanta 14 3.2 The Astronomical Ephemeris 15 4. Computer codes: Algorithms based on ephemeric rules 16 4.1 Fixed day numbers 16 4.1.1 The fixed calendar: R.D. dates 16 4.1.2 Julian day number 18 4.2 Epochs 19 4.2.1 Hindu epoch 19 4.3 The siddhantic and ephemeric codes: A comparison 20 4.3.1 Hindu sidereal year and the Hindu epoch 21 4.3.2 Solar longitude and Hindu solar longitude 21 4.3.3 Lunar longitude and Hindu lunar longitude 28 4.4 Appendix 30 5. References 32 6. Acknowledgements 32 2 Introduction The history of calendars in India is a remarkably complex subject, owing to the continuity of Indian civilization and to the diversity of cultural influences. -
Waterml 1.1 Part 1
CUAHSI WATERML 1.1 Specification Part 1: Introduction to WaterML Schema June 11, 2009 by: David Valentine Ilya Zaslavsky San Diego Supercomputer Center University of California at San Diego San Diego, California, USA Distribution Copyright © 2009, Consortium of Universities for the Advancement of Hydrologic Science, Inc. All rights reserved. Funding and acknowledgements Funding for this document was provided by the Consortium of Universities for the Advancement of Hydrologic Science, Inc. (CUAHSI) under NSF Grant No. EAR-0413265. In addition, much input and feedback has been received from the CUAHSI Hydrologic Information System development team. Their contribution is acknowledged here. We would also like to thank partner agency personnel from USGS (Water Resource Division), EPA (the STORET team), and NCDC, as well as data managers and personnel of hydrologic observatory testbeds for cooperation, discussions and insightful feedback. We are especially grateful to the USGS and NCDC teams, and other partners who implemented WaterML-compliant web services over their repositories. Scope Water Markup Language (WaterML) specification defines an information exchange schema, which has been used in water data services within the Hydrologic Information System (HIS) project supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation, and has been adopted by several federal agencies as a format for serving hydrologic data. The goal of the first version of WaterML was to encode the semantics of hydrologic observation discovery and retrieval and implement water data services in a way that is both generic and unambiguous across different data providers, thus creating the least barriers for adoption by the hydrologic research community. This documents WaterML version 1.0 as implemented and utilized in the CUAHSI HIS system. -
Cuahsi Waterml 1.0
CUAHSI WATERML 1.0 Specification Part 1: Introduction to WaterML Schema June 11, 2009 by: David Valentine Ilya Zaslavsky San Diego Supercomputer Center University of California at San Diego San Diego, California, USA Distribution Copyright © 2009, Consortium of Universities for the Advancement of Hydrologic Science, Inc. All rights reserved. Funding and acknowledgements Funding for this document was provided by the Consortium of Universities for the Advancement of Hydrologic Science, Inc. (CUAHSI) under NSF Grant No. EAR-0413265. In addition, much input and feedback has been received from the CUAHSI Hydrologic Information System development team. Their contribution is acknowledged here. We would also like to thank partner agency personnel from USGS (Water Resource Division), EPA (the STORET team), and NCDC, as well as data managers and personnel of hydrologic observatory testbeds for cooperation, discussions and insightful feedback. We are especially grateful to the USGS and NCDC teams, and other partners who implemented WaterML-compliant web services over their repositories. Scope Water Markup Language (WaterML) specification defines an information exchange schema, which has been used in water data services within the Hydrologic Information System (HIS) project supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation, and has been adopted by several federal agencies as a format for serving hydrologic data. The goal of the first version of WaterML was to encode the semantics of hydrologic observation discovery and retrieval and implement water data services in a way that is both generic and unambiguous across different data providers, thus creating the least barriers for adoption by the hydrologic research community. This documents WaterML version 1.0 as implemented and utilized in the CUAHSI HIS system. -
Earth Ascending (Jose Arguelles)
Contents Foreword by Charles T. Tart viii Introduction to the Second Edition ix Part I: Geomancy is to History, What Grammar is to Language Two Introductory Essays I. The Roots of Unity: Geomancy and World Order 2 II. From Geomancy to Holonomics 15 The Discovery of the Psi Bank 15 The Search for History 18 The Holonomic Equation: Art, Science, and Sacred Order 23 Part II: The Maps I. Nature Presents Itself 28 Prelude: The Code, the Key, the Model 1. Psi Bank Matrix, the Warp Demonstrating the Fourfold Polar Seasonal Pattern of the Binary Triplet Configuration 30 2. Binary Triplet Configuration-The Code and the Key 32 3. Resonant Field Model, Derived from Binary Triplet Configuration 34 4. Psi Bank Matrix Generated as Binary Resonance of Radiation Belts 36 5. Ceomantic Flow Chart and Model of Evolved Psi Rings 38 6. Holonomic Brain and Demonstration of Psi Circulation within Electromagnetic Field 40 7. I Ching as Description of Holonomic Space-Time Matrix and as Description of Genetic Code 42 8. Random Psi Transmission Example: Ben Franklin's Magic Square with an Array of 8 and Pulse of 260 44 9. Tzolkin, the Mayan Version of the Sacred Calendar Written in Binary Mathematical Notation with Mayan Day Glyphs 46 II. Man Learns from Nature 48 Prelude: From Primary Attunement to Psychosensory Elaboration 10. Rhythmic Movement of the Sacred Calendar as Pattern of Primary Attunement 50 11. Shaman Shirt and Tree of Life: Interpenetration of Man and Nature 52 12. Aboriginal Attunement Templates 54 13. Primary Attunement and Geomancy 56 14.