JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY

Volume 80 April 2006 No. 7

SPOTLIGHT

Articles of Significant Interest Selected from This Issue by 3127 the Editors

MINIREVIEW

Toll-Like Receptor-Independent Triggering of Dendritic Cell Carolina B. Lo´pez, Jacob S. Yount, 3128–3134 Maturation by Viruses and Thomas M. Moran

STRUCTURE AND ASSEMBLY

UL26-Deficient Human Cytomegalovirus Produces Virions Joshua Munger, Dong Yu, 3541–3548 with Hypophosphorylated pp28 Tegument Protein That Is and Thomas Shenk Unstable within Newly Infected Cells Enhanced Local Symmetry Interactions Globally Stabilize a Jeffrey A. Speir, Brian Bothner, 3582–3591 Mutant Virus That Maintains Infectivity and Capsid Chunxu Qu, Deborah A. Willits, Dynamics Mark J. Young, and John E. Johnson Role of the Human T-Cell Leukemia Virus Type 1 PTAP Irene J. Dorweiler, Susan J. Ruone, 3634–3643 Motif in Gag Targeting and Particle Release Huating Wang, Richard W. Burry, and Louis M. Mansky

GENOME REPLICATION AND REGULATION OF VIRAL GENE EXPRESSION

Cell-Type-Specific Repression of Internal Ribosome Entry Melinda K. Merrill, Elena Y. 3147–3156 Site Activity by Double-Stranded RNA-Binding Protein 76 Dobrikova, and Matthias Gromeier Acetylated Tat Regulates Human Immunodeficiency Virus Reem Berro, Kylene Kehn, Cynthia 3189–3204 Type 1 Splicing through Its Interaction with the Splicing de la Fuente, Anne Pumfery, Regulator p32 Richard Adair, John Wade, Anamaris M. Colberg-Poley, John Hiscott, and Fatah Kashanchi Action of Inhibitors on Accumulation of Processed Hepatitis Jinhong Chang, Xingcao Nie, 3205–3214 Delta Virus RNAs Severin Gudima, and John Taylor Competitive Translation Efficiency at the Picornavirus Type Elena Y. Dobrikova, Rachel N. 3310–3321 1 Internal Ribosome Entry Site Facilitated by Viral cis and Grisham, Constanze Kaiser, Jennifer trans Factors Lin, and Matthias Gromeier Effect of Virus (HCV) NS5B-Nucleolin Tetsuro Shimakami, Masao Honda, 3332–3340 Interaction on HCV Replication with HCV Subgenomic Takashi Kusakawa, Takayuki Replicon Murata, Kunitada Shimotohno, Shuichi Kaneko, and Seishi Murakami State and Role of Src Family Kinases in Replication of Yu Liang and Bernard Roizman 3349–3359 Virus 1 Analyses of Subgenomic Promoters of Hibiscus Chlorotic Weimin Li and Sek-Man Wong 3395–3405 Ringspot Virus and Demonstration of 5؅ Untranslated Region and 3؅-Terminal Sequences Functioning as Subgenomic Promoters Human Chromosome 2 Carries a Gene Required for Ayse K. Coskun, Marc van Maanen, 3406–3415 Production of Infectious Human Immunodeficiency Virus Van Nguyen, and Richard E. Sutton Type 1

Continued on following page Continued from preceding page

Mutagenesis Analysis of the Main Proteinase Reveals Danny van Aken, Eric J. Snijder, 3428–3437 Determinants of Arterivirus Replicase Polyprotein and Alexander E. Gorbalenya Autoprocessing Kaposi’s Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus-Encoded Latency- Subhash C. Verma, Ke Lan, 3445–3458 Associated Nuclear Antigen Modulates K1 Expression Tathagata Choudhuri, and Erle S. through Its cis-Acting Elements within the Terminal Repeats Robertson Downregulation of Varicella-Zoster Virus (VZV) Immediate- Susan E. Hoover, Randall J. Cohrs, 3459–3468 Early ORF62 Transcription by VZV ORF63 Correlates with Zoila G. Rangel, Donald H. Gilden, Virus Replication In Vitro and with Latency Peter Munson, and Jeffrey I. Cohen Human T-Lymphotropic Virus Type 1 Mitochondrion- Hajime Hiraragi, Seung-Jae Kim, 3469–3476 Localizing Protein p13II Is Required for Viral Infectivity In Andrew J. Phipps, Micol Silic- Vivo Benussi, Vincenzo Ciminale, Lee Ratner, Patrick L. Green, and Michael D. Lairmore Replication Properties of Human Adenovirus In Vivo and Christian Jogler, Dennis Hoffmann, 3549–3558 in Cultures of Primary Cells from Different Animal Species Dirk Theegarten, Thomas Grunwald, Klaus U¨ berla, and Oliver Wildner A Versatile Transreplication-Based System To Identify Gabriel Morilla, Araceli G. Castillo, 3624–3633 Cellular Proteins Involved in Geminivirus Replication Werner Preiss, Holger Jeske, and Eduardo R. Bejarano Impact of the Interaction between Herpes Simplex Virus Marie-Claude Geoffroy, Gilliane 3650–3654 Type 1 Regulatory Protein ICP0 and Ubiquitin-Specific Chadeuf, Anne Orr, Anna Salvetti, Protease USP7 on Activation of Adeno-Associated Virus and Roger D. Everett Type 2 rep Gene Expression Brd4 Is Involved in Multiple Processes of the Bovine Ivar Ilves, Kristina Ma¨emets, 3660–3665 Papillomavirus Type 1 Life Cycle Toomas Silla, Kadri Janikson, and Mart Ustav Recovery of a Neurovirulent Human Coronavirus OC43 Julien R. St-Jean, Marc Desforges, 3670–3674 from an Infectious cDNA Clone Fernando Almaza´n, He´le`ne Jacomy, Luis Enjuanes, and Pierre J. Talbot Functional Central Polypurine Tract Provides Downstream Sebastien Wurtzer, Armelle 3679–3683 Protection of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Goubard, Fabrizio Mammano, Genome from Editing by APOBEC3G and APOBEC3B Sentob Saragosti, Denise Lecossier, Allan J. Hance, and Franc¸ois Clavel

GENETIC DIVERSITY AND EVOLUTION

Modulation of Poliovirus Replicative Fitness in HeLa Cells Cara Carthel Burns, Jing Shaw, Ray 3259–3272 by Deoptimization of Synonymous Codon Usage in the Campagnoli, Jaume Jorba, Annelet Capsid Region Vincent, Jacqueline Quay, and Olen Kew Characterization of Two Novel Polyomaviruses of Birds by Reimar Johne, Walter Wittig, 3523–3531 Using Multiply Primed Rolling-Circle Amplification of Their Daniel Ferna´ndez-de-Luco, Ursula Genomes Ho¨fle, and Hermann Mu¨ller Phylogenetic Evidence for the Rapid Evolution of Human Laura A. Shackelton and Edward C. 3666–3669 B19 Erythrovirus Holmes Comparison of the Mutation Rates of Human Influenza A Eri Nobusawa and Katsuhiko Sato 3675–3678 and B Viruses

VIRUS-CELL INTERACTIONS

Mice Transgenic for a Human Porcine Endogenous Y. Martina, K. T. Marcucci, S. 3135–3146 Receptor Are Susceptible to Productive Viral Cherqui, A. Szabo, T. Drysdale, U. Infection Srinivisan, C. A. Wilson, C. Patience, and D. R. Salomon

Continued on following page Continued from preceding page

African Swine Fever Virus pB119L Protein Is a Flavin Irene Rodrı´guez, Modesto Redrejo- 3157–3166 Adenine Dinucleotide-Linked Sulfhydryl Oxidase Rodrı´guez, Javier M. Rodrı´guez, Alı´ Alejo, Jose´ Salas, and Marı´a L. Salas Herpes Simplex Virus gE/gI Must Accumulate in the trans- Aaron Farnsworth and David C. 3167–3179 Golgi Network at Early Times and Then Redistribute to Cell Johnson Junctions To Promote Cell-Cell Spread The Avian Coronavirus Infectious Bronchitis Virus Victor C. Chu, Lisa J. McElroy, 3180–3188 Undergoes Direct Low-pH-Dependent Fusion Activation Vicky Chu, Beverley E. Bauman, during Entry into Host Cells and Gary R. Whittaker Functional Characterization of Heptad Repeat 1 and 2 Woan-Eng Chan, Chin-Kai Chuang, 3225–3237 Mutants of the Spike Protein of Severe Acute Respiratory Shiou-Hwei Yeh, Mau-Sun Chang, Syndrome Coronavirus and Steve S.-L. Chen Membrane-Anchored Inhibitory Peptides Capture Human Gregory B. Melikyan, Marc 3249–3258 Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Conformations That Egelhofer, and Dorothee von Laer Engage the Target Membrane prior to Fusion The Peptide-Binding and ATPase Domains of Recombinant Jimena Pe´rez-Vargas, Pedro 3322–3331 hsc70 Are Required To Interact with and Reduce Romero, Susana Lo´pez, and Carlos Its Infectivity F. Arias Protein Kinase B/Akt Is Present in Activated Form Luca Benetti and Bernard Roizman 3341–3348 ⌬ throughout the Entire Replicative Cycle of US3 Mutant Virus but Only at Early Times after Infection with Wild- Type Herpes Simplex Virus 1 ICP0 Is Not Required for Efficient Stress-Induced Craig S. Miller, Robert J. Danaher, 3360–3368 Reactivation of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 from Cultured and Robert J. Jacob Quiescently Infected Neuronal Cells Nonstructural Protein of Infectious Bursal Disease Virus Meihong Liu and Vikram N. 3369–3377 Inhibits Apoptosis at the Early Stage of Virus Infection Vakharia A Putative Thiamine Transport Protein Is a Receptor for Ramon Mendoza, Maria M. 3378–3385 Feline Leukemia Virus Subgroup A Anderson, and Julie Overbaugh Differential Utilization of CD134 as a Functional Receptor Brian J. Willett, Elizabeth L. 3386–3394 by Diverse Strains of Feline Immunodeficiency Virus McMonagle, Susan Ridha, and Margaret J. Hosie Porcine Circovirus 2 Uses Heparan Sulfate and Chondroitin Gerald Misinzo, Peter L. Delputte, 3487–3494 Sulfate B Glycosaminoglycans as Receptors for Its Peter Meerts, David J. Lefebvre, Attachment to Host Cells and Hans J. Nauwynck ICP27 Interacts with the C-Terminal Domain of RNA Jenny Q. Dai-Ju, Ling Li, Lisa A. 3567–3581 Polymerase II and Facilitates Its Recruitment to Herpes Johnson, and Rozanne M. Sandri- Simplex Virus 1 Transcription Sites, Where It Undergoes Goldin Proteasomal Degradation during Infection Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Accumulation, Envelopment, Monica Miranda Saksena, Hiroyuki 3592–3606 and Exit in Growth Cones and Varicosities in Mid-Distal Wakisaka, Bibing Tijono, Ross A. Regions of Axons Boadle, Frazer Rixon, Hirotaka Takahashi, and Anthony L. Cunningham Genetic and Functional Analysis of R5X4 Human Lachlan Gray, Melissa J. Churchill, 3684–3691 Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Envelope Glycoproteins Niamh Keane, Jasminka Sterjovski, Derived from Two Individuals Homozygous for the Anne M. Ellett, Damian F. J. CCR5⌬32 Allele Purcell, Pantelis Poumbourios, Chenda Kol, Bin Wang, Nitin K. Saksena, Steven L. Wesselingh, Patricia Price, Martyn French, Dana Gabuzda, and Paul R. Gorry

Continued on following page Continued from preceding page

CELLULAR RESPONSE TO INFECTION

A Simian Virus 5 (SV5) P/V Mutant Is Less Cytopathic than Subhashini Arimilli, Martha A. 3416–3427 Wild-Type SV5 in Human Dendritic Cells and Is a More Alexander-Miller, and Griffith D. Effective Activator of Dendritic Cell Maturation and Parks Function Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha Enhances Influenza A Virus- Sampsa Matikainen, Jukka Sire´n, 3515–3522 Induced Expression of Antiviral Cytokines by Activating Jorma Tissari, Ville Veckman, Jaana RIG-I Gene Expression Pirhonen, Martina Severa, Qiang Sun, Rongtuan Lin, Seppo Meri, Gilles Uze´, John Hiscott, and Ilkka Julkunen

TRANSFORMATION AND ONCOGENESIS

Infection and Persistence of Rhesus Monkey Rhadinovirus John P. Bilello, Sabine M. Lang, 3644–3649 in Immortalized B-Cell Lines Fred Wang, Jon C. Aster, and Ronald C. Desrosiers

GENE DELIVERY

Selection of Novel Vesicular Stomatitis Virus Glycoprotein Julie H. Yu and David V. Schaffer 3285–3292 Variants from a Peptide Insertion Library for Enhanced Purification of Retroviral and Lentiviral Vectors Plasmid DNA Sequences Present in Conventional Herpes Masataka Suzuki, Kazue Kasai, 3293–3300 Simplex Virus Amplicon Vectors Cause Rapid Transgene and Yoshinaga Saeki Silencing by Forming Inactive Chromatin Adenovirus-Mediated RNA Interference against Foot-and- Weizao Chen, Mingqiu Liu, Ye 3559–3566 Mouth Disease Virus Infection both In Vitro and In Vivo Jiao, Weiyao Yan, Xuefeng Wei, Jiulian Chen, Liang Fei, Yang Liu, Xiaoping Zuo, Fugui Yang, Yonggan Lu, and Zhaoxin Zheng

VACCINES AND ANTIVIRAL AGENTS

Effects of Type I Interferons on Friend Retrovirus Infection Nicole Gerlach, Simone Schimmer, 3438–3444 Siegfried Weiss, Ulrich Kalinke, and Ulf Dittmer Mechanism of Substrate Recognition by Drug-Resistant Moses Prabu-Jeyabalan, Ellen A. 3607–3616 Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Protease Variants Nalivaika, Keith Romano, and Celia Revealed by a Novel Structural Intermediate A. Schiffer

PATHOGENESIS AND IMMUNITY

Sequences within the gag Gene of Mouse Mammary Tumor Ingrid Swanson, Brooke A. Jude, 3215–3224 Virus Needed for Mammary Gland Cell Transformation Annie R. Zhang, Andrew Pucker, Zachary E. Smith, and Tatyana V. Golovkina Varicella-Zoster Virus Open Reading Frame 10 Is a Xibing Che, Leigh Zerboni, Marvin 3238–3248 Virulence Determinant in Skin Cells but Not in T Cells H. Sommer, and Ann M. Arvin In Vivo Astrocytes Survive Chronic Infection and Cytopathic Effects Wenan Qiang, Xianghong Kuang, 3273–3284 of the ts1 Mutant of the Retrovirus Moloney Murine Jinrong Liu, Na Liu, Virginia L. Leukemia Virus by Upregulation of Antioxidant Defenses Scofield, Amy J. Reid, Yuhong Jiang, Gheorghe Stoica, William S. Lynn, and Paul K. Y. Wong

Continued on following page Continued from preceding page

Primary Simian Immunodeficiency Virus SIVmnd-2 Richard Onanga, Sandrine 3301–3309 Infection in Mandrills (Mandrillus sphinx) Souquie`re, Maria Makuwa, Augustin Mouinga-Ondeme, Franc¸ois Simon, Cristian Apetrei, and Pierre Roques Virus Targets DC-SIGN To Enhance Dendritic Cell Lot de Witte, Marion Abt, Sibylle 3477–3486 Infection Schneider-Schaulies, Yvette van Kooyk, and Teunis B. H. Geijtenbeek Interplay of Cellular and Humoral Immune Responses Yiping Chen, Jennifer Trofe, 3495–3505 against BK Virus in Kidney Transplant Recipients with Jennifer Gordon, Renaud A. Du Polyomavirus Nephropathy Pasquier, Prabir Roy-Chaudhury, Marcelo J. Kuroda, E. Steve Woodle, Kamel Khalili, and Igor J. Koralnik Partial Delipidation Improves the T-Cell Antigenicity Isabelle Desombere, Annick 3506–3514 of Surface Antigen Willems, Yvonne Gijbels, and Geert Leroux-Roels Expression of the Interleukin-7 Receptor Alpha Chain Tobias Boettler, Elisabeth Panther, 3532–3540 ,CD127) on Virus-Specific CD8؉ T Cells Identifies Bertram Bengsch, Natalja Nazarova) Functionally and Phenotypically Defined Memory T Cells Hans Christian Spangenberg, during Acute Resolving Hepatitis B Virus Infection Hubert E. Blum, and Robert Thimme Fitness Cost of Escape Mutations in p24 Gag in Association Javier Martinez-Picado, Julia G. 3617–3623 with Control of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Prado, Elizabeth E. Fry, Katja Pfafferott, Alasdair Leslie, Senica Chetty, Christina Thobakgale, Isobel Honeyborne, Hayley Crawford, Philippa Matthews, Tilly Pillay, Christine Rousseau, James I. Mullins, Christian Brander, Bruce D. Walker, David I. Stuart, Photini Kiepiela, and Philip Goulder Bioluminescence Imaging of Live Infected Salmonids Abdallah Harmache, Monique 3655–3659 Reveals that the Fin Bases Are the Major Portal of Entry LeBerre, Ste´phanie Droineau, for Novirhabdovirus Marco Giovannini, and Michel Bre´mont

ERRATUM

Hyperphosphorylation of the Rotavirus NSP5 Protein Is Adrish Sen, Darin Agresti, and 3692 Independent of Serine 67, NSP2, or the Intrinsic Insolubility Erich R. Mackow of NSP5 and Is Regulated by Cellular Phosphatases

Cover photograph (Copyright © 2006, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.): Three-dimensional reconstruc- tion of porcine endogenous retrovirus (PERV)-infected murine liver. High-resolution serial z-section confocal microscopy and Imaris software were used to reconstruct three-dimensional images of mouse liver from human PERV receptor (HuPAR-2) transgenic mice that were productively infected for 8 weeks with PERV. Green represents staining with a PERV-specific anti-Gag monoclonal antibody, red represents membrane staining with BODIPY phalloidin, and blue represents nuclei stained with 4Ј,6Ј-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI). The Gag staining of hepatocytes is evident, particularly at the cell membranes. (Yuri Martina is gratefully acknowledged for his work in creating this image.) (See related article on page 3135.)